how to write a cover letter with a cv

How to Write a Cover Letter [Full Guide & Examples for 2024]

After weeks of heavy job searching, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume.

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send in your application and call it a day, you remember that you need to write a cover letter too.

So now, you’re stuck staring at a blank page, wondering where to start...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

We're going to cover:

What Is a Cover Letter?

• How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter, Step by Step
• 15+ Job-Winning Cover Letter Examples

Let’s get started.

A cover letter is a document that you submit as part of your job application, alongside your resume or CV.

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, it should be around 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter is supposed to impress the hiring manager and convince them you’re worth interviewing as a candidate.

So, how can your cover letter achieve this?

First of all, it should complement your resume, not copy it. Your cover letter is your chance to elaborate on important achievements, skills, or anything else that your resume doesn’t give you the space to cover. 

For example, if you have an employment gap on your resume, the cover letter is a great place to explain why it happened and how it helped you grow as a person. 

If this is your first time writing a cover letter, writing about yourself might seem complicated. But don’t worry—you don’t need to be super creative or even a good writer .

All you have to do is follow this tried and tested cover letter structure:

• Header. Add all the necessary contact information at the top of your cover letter.
• Formal greeting. Choose an appropriate way to greet your target audience.
• Introduction. Introduce yourself in the opening paragraph and explain your interest in the role.
• Body. Elaborate on why you’re the best candidate for the job and a good match for the company. Focus on “selling” your skills, achievements, and relevant professional experiences.
• Conclusion. Summarize your key points and wrap it up professionally.

Now, let’s take a look at an example of a cover letter that follows our structure perfectly:

New to cover letter writing? Give our cover letter video a watch before diving into the article!

When Should You Write a Cover Letter?

You should always include a cover letter in your job application, even if the hiring manager never reads it. Submitting a cover letter is as important as submitting a resume if you want to look like a serious candidate.

If the employer requests a cover letter as part of the screening process, not sending one is a huge red flag and will probably get your application tossed into the “no” pile immediately.

On the other hand, if the job advertisement doesn’t require a cover letter from the candidates, adding one shows you went the extra mile.

Putting in the effort to write a cover letter can set you apart from other candidates with similar professional experience and skills, and it could even sway the hiring manager to call you for an interview if you do it right.

Need to write a letter to help get you into a good school or volunteer program? Check out our guide to learn how to write a motivation letter !

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter

Now that you know what a cover letter is, it’s time to learn how to write one!

We’ll go through the process in detail, step by step.

#1. Choose the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, stylish template?

Just choose one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in no time!

As a bonus, our intuitive AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter as you write it. You’ll have the perfect cover letter done in minutes!

#2. Put Contact Information in the Header

As with a resume, it’s important to start your cover letter with your contact details at the top. These should be in your cover letter’s header, separated neatly from the bulk of your text.

Here, you want to include all the essential contact information , including:

• Full Name. Your first and last name should stand out at the top.
• Job Title. Match the professional title underneath your name to the exact job title of the position you’re applying for. Hiring managers often hire for several roles at once, so giving them this cue about what role you’re after helps things go smoother.
• Email Address. Always use a professional and easy-to-spell email address. Ideally, it should combine your first and last names.
• Phone Number. Add a number where the hiring manager can easily reach you.
• Location. Add your city and state/country, no need for more details.
• Relevant Links (optional). You can add links to websites or social media profiles that are relevant to your field. Examples include a LinkedIn profile , Github, or an online portfolio.

Then it’s time to add the recipient’s contact details, such as:

• Hiring Manager's Name. If you can find the name of the hiring manager, add it.
• Hiring Manager's Title. While there’s no harm in writing “hiring manager,” if they’re the head of the department, we recommend you use that title accordingly.
• Company Name. Make sure to write the name of the company you're applying to.
• Location. The city and state/country are usually enough information here, too.
• Date of Writing (Optional). You can include the date you wrote your cover letter for an extra professional touch.

#3. Address the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed all the contact information, it’s time to start writing the content of the cover letter.

The first thing you need to do here is to address your cover letter directly to the hiring manager.

In fact, you want to address the hiring manager personally .

Forget the old “Dear Sir or Madam” or the impersonal “To Whom It May Concern.” You want to give your future boss a good impression and show them that you did your research before sending in your application.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes something sticks with their generic approach

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager?

First, check the job ad. The hiring manager’s name might be listed somewhere in it.

If that doesn’t work, check the company’s LinkedIn page. You just need to look up the head of the relevant department you’re applying to, and you’re all set.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of Communication Specialist at Novorésumé. The hiring manager is probably the Head of Communications or the Chief Communications Officer.

Here’s what you should look for on LinkedIn:

And there you go! You have your hiring manager.

But let’s say you’re applying for a position as a server . In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager” or “food and beverage manager.”

If the results don’t come up with anything, try checking out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Make sure to address them as Mr. or Ms., followed by their last name. If you’re not sure about their gender or marital status, you can just stick to their full name, like so:

• Dear Mr. Kurtuy,
• Dear Andrei Kurtuy,

But what if you still can’t find the hiring manager’s name, no matter where you look?

No worries. You can direct your cover letter to the company, department, or team as a whole, or just skip the hiring manager’s name.

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear [Department] Team
• Dear [Company Name]

Are you applying for a research position? Learn how to write an academic personal statement .

#4. Write an Eye-Catching Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Hiring managers get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph.

The biggest problem with most opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Here’s an example:

• My name is Jonathan, and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a Sales Manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

And do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start with some of your top achievements to grab the reader’s attention. And to get the point across, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

Your opening paragraph should also show the hiring manager a bit about why you want this specific job. For example, mention how the job relates to your plans for the future or how it can help you grow professionally. This will show the hiring manager that you’re not just applying left and right—you’re actually enthusiastic about getting this particular role.

Now, let’s make our previous example shine:

Dear Mr. Smith,

My name’s Michael, and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed its sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked as a Sales Representative with Company X, another fin-tech company , for 3+ years, where I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month and beat the KPIs by around 40%. I believe that my previous industry experience, passion for finance , and excellence in sales make me the right candidate for the job.

The second candidate starts with what they can do for the company in the future and immediately lists an impressive and relevant achievement. Since they’re experienced in the same industry and interested in finance, the hiring manager can see they’re not just a random applicant.

From this introduction, it’s safe to say that the hiring manager would read the rest of this candidate’s cover letter.

#5. Use the Cover Letter Body for Details

The next part of your cover letter is where you can go into detail about what sets you apart as a qualified candidate for the job.

The main thing you need to remember here is that you shouldn’t make it all about yourself . Your cover letter is supposed to show the hiring manager how you relate to the job and the company you’re applying to.

No matter how cool you make yourself sound in your cover letter, if you don’t tailor it to match what the hiring manager is looking for, you’re not getting an interview.

To get this right, use the job ad as a reference when writing your cover letter. Make sure to highlight skills and achievements that match the job requirements, and you’re good to go.

Since this part of your cover letter is by far the longest, you should split it into at least two paragraphs.

Here’s what each paragraph should cover:

Explain Why You’re the Perfect Candidate for the Role

Before you can show the hiring manager that you’re exactly what they’ve been looking for, you need to know what it is they’re looking for.

Start by doing a bit of research. Learn what the most important skills and responsibilities of the role are according to the job ad, and focus on any relevant experience you have that matches them.

For example, if you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. The top requirements on the job ad are:

• Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
• Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
• Excellent copywriting skills

So, in the body of your cover letter, you need to show how you meet these requirements. Here’s an example of what that can look like:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $40,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation and management process end-to-end. I created the ad copy and images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

• Google Search

Our example addresses all the necessary requirements and shows off the candidate’s relevant skills.

Are you a student applying for your first internship? Learn how to write an internship cover letter with our dedicated guide.

Explain Why You’re a Good Fit for the Company

As skilled and experienced as you may be, that’s not all the hiring manager is looking for.

They also want someone who’s a good fit for their company and who actually wants to work there.

Employees who don’t fit in with the company culture are likely to quit sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary , so hiring managers vet candidates very carefully to avoid this scenario.

So, you have to convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about working with them.

Start by doing some research about the company. You want to know things like:

• What’s the company’s business model?
• What’s the company’s product or service? Have you used it?
• What’s the company’s culture like?

Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or on job-search websites like Jobscan or Glassdoor.

Then, pick your favorite thing about the company and talk about it in your cover letter.

But don’t just describe the company in its own words just to flatter them. Be super specific—the hiring manager can see through any fluff.

For example, if you’re passionate about their product and you like the company’s culture of innovation and independent work model, you can write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features, such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2, were real game changers for the device.

I really admire how Company XYZ strives for excellence in all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone who thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I’ll be a great match for your Product Design team.

So, make sure to do your fair share of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying to that specific company.

Is the company you want to work for not hiring at the moment? Check out our guide to writing a letter of interest .

#6. Wrap It Up and Sign It

Finally, it’s time to conclude your cover letter.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

• Wrap up any points you couldn't make in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? If there’s any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision, mention it here. If not, just recap your key selling points so far, such as key skills and expertise.
• Express gratitude. Politely thanking the hiring manager for their time is always a good idea.
• Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. This means you should ask the hiring manager to do something, like call you and discuss your application or arrange an interview.
• Remember to sign your cover letter. Just add a formal closing line and sign your name at the bottom.

Here’s an example of how to end your cover letter :

I hope to help Company X make the most of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your Facebook marketing goals. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at the provided email address or phone number so that we may arrange an interview.

Thank you for your consideration,

Alice Richards

Feel free to use one of these other popular closing lines for your cover letter:

• Best Regards,
• Kind Regards,

Cover Letter Writing Checklist

Once you’re done with your cover letter, it’s time to check if it meets all industry requirements. 

Give our handy cover letter writing checklist a look to make sure:

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

• Professional Email
• Phone Number
• Relevant Links

Do you address the right person? 

• The hiring manager in the company
• Your future direct supervisor
• The company/department in general

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

• Did you mention some of your top achievements?
• Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?
• Did you convey enthusiasm for the specific role?

Do you show that you’re the right candidate for the job?

• Did you identify the core requirements for the role?
• Did you show how your experiences helped you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

• Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
• Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you conclude your cover letter properly?

• Did you recap your key selling points in the conclusion?
• Did you end your cover letter with a call to action?
• Did you use the right formal closing line and sign your name?

15 Cover Letter Tips

Now you’re all set to write your cover letter! 

Before you start typing, here are some cover letter tips to help take your cover letter to the next level:

• Customize Your Cover Letter for Each Job. Make sure your cover letter is tailored to the job you're applying for. This shows you're not just sending generic applications left and right, and it tells the hiring manager you’re the right person for the job.
• Showcase Your Skills. Talk about how your skills meet the company’s needs. And while your hard skills should be front and center, you shouldn’t underestimate your soft skills in your cover letter either.
• Avoid Fluff. Don’t make any generic statements you can’t back up. The hiring manager can tell when you’re just throwing words around, and it doesn’t make your cover letter look good.
• Use Specific Examples. Instead of saying you're great at something, give an actual example to back up your claim. Any data you can provide makes you sound more credible, so quantify your achievements. For example, give numbers such as percentages related to your performance and the timeframe it took to accomplish certain achievements.
• Research the Company. Always take time to learn about the company you're applying to. Make sure to mention something about them in your cover letter to show the hiring manager that you're interested.
• Follow the Application Instructions. If the job posting asks for something specific in your cover letter or requires a certain format, make sure you include it. Not following instructions can come off as unattentive or signal to the hiring manager that you’re not taking the job seriously.
• Use the Right Template and Format. Choose the right cover letter format and adapt your cover letter’s look to the industry you’re applying for. For example, if you’re aiming for a job in Law or Finance, you should go for a cleaner, more professional look. But if you’re applying for a field that values innovation, like IT or Design, you have more room for creativity.
• Express Your Enthusiasm. Let the hiring manager know why you're excited about the job. Your passion for the specific role or the field in general can be a big selling point, and show them that you’re genuinely interested, not just applying left and right.
• Address Any Gaps. If there are any employment gaps in your resume , your cover letter is a great place to mention why. Your resume doesn’t give you enough space to elaborate on an employment gap, so addressing it here can set hiring managers at ease—life happens, and employers understand.
• Avoid Quirky Emails. Your email address should be presentable. It’s hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Just use a [email protected] format.
• Check Your Contact Information. Typos in your email address or phone number can mean a missed opportunity. Double-check these before sending your application.
• Mention if You Want to Relocate. If you’re looking for a job that lets you move somewhere else, specify this in your cover letter.
• Keep It Brief. You want to keep your cover letter short and sweet. Hiring managers don’t have time to read a novel, so if you go over one page, they simply won’t read it at all.
• Use a Professional Tone. Even though a conversational tone isn’t a bad thing, remember that it's still a formal document. Show professionalism in your cover letter by keeping slang, jargon, and emojis out of it.
• Proofread Carefully. Typos and grammar mistakes are a huge deal-breaker. Use a tool like Grammarly or QuillBot to double-check your spelling and grammar, or even get a friend to check it for you.

15+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Check out some perfect cover letter examples for different experience levels and various professions.

5+ Cover Letter Examples by Experience

#1. college student cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#2. Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a project manager cover letter here.

#3. Team Leader Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#4. Career Change Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to a career change resume and cover letter here.

#5. Management Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a management cover letter here.

#6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an executive resume here.

9+ Cover Letter Examples by Profession

#1. it cover letter example.

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

#2. Consultant Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#3. Human Resources Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a human resources cover letter here.

#4. Business Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business cover letter here.

#5. Sales Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a sales cover letter here.

#6. Social Worker Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a social worker cover letter here.

#7. Lawyer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a lawyer cover letter here.

#8. Administrative Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an administrative assistant cover letter here.

#9. Engineering Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineer cover letter here.

#10. Receptionist Cover Letter Example

Check out our full guide to writing a receptionist cover letter here.

Need more inspiration? Check out these cover letter examples to learn what makes them stand out.

Plug & Play Cover Letter Template

Not sure how to start your cover letter? Don’t worry!

Just copy and paste our free cover letter template into the cover letter builder, and swap out the blanks for your details.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Profession]

[Your Phone Number]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Location]

[Your LinkedIn Profile URL (optional)]

[Your Personal Website URL (optional)]

[Recipient's Name, e.g., Jane Doe],

[Recipient's Position, e.g., Hiring Manager]

[Company Name, e.g., ABC Corporation]

[Company Address]

[City, State/Country]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

As a seasoned [Your Profession] with [Number of Years of Experience] years of industry experience, I am eager to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. With my experience in [Your Industry/Sector] and the successes I've achieved throughout my education and career, I believe I can bring unique value and creativity to your team.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I've taken the lead on more than [Number of Projects/Assignments] projects, some valued up to $[Highest Project Value]. I pride myself on consistently exceeding client expectations and have successfully [Mention a Key Achievement] in just a [Amount of Time] through [Skill] and [Skill].

I've collaborated with various professionals, such as [List Roles], ensuring that all [projects/tasks] meet [relevant standards or objectives]. This hands-on experience, coupled with my dedication to understanding each [client's/customer's] vision, has equipped me to navigate and deliver on complex projects.

My key strengths include:

• Improving [Achievement] by [%] over [Amount of Time] which resulted in [Quantified Result].
• Optimizing [Work Process/Responsibility] which saved [Previous Employer] [Amount of Time/Budget/Other Metric] over [Weeks/Months/Years]
• Spearheading team of [Number of People] to [Task] and achieving [Quantified Result].

Alongside this letter, I've attached my resume. My educational background, a [Your Degree] with a concentration in [Your Specialization], complements the practical skills that I'm particularly eager to share with [Company Name].

I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [Something Notable About the Company or Its Mission]. I'd be grateful for the chance to delve deeper into how my expertise aligns with your needs.

Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

The Heart of Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application falls through.

After all, your cover letter is meant to complement your resume. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression in your cover letter, only for the hiring manager to never read it because your resume was mediocre.

But don’t worry; we’ve got you covered here, too.

Check out our dedicated guide on how to make a resume and learn everything you need to know to land your dream job!

Just pick one of our resume templates and start writing your own job-winning resume.

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

• A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for the job.
• Your job application should always include a cover letter alongside your resume.
• To grab the hiring manager’s attention, write a strong opening paragraph. Mention who you are, why you’re applying, and a standout achievement to pique their interest.
• Your cover letter should focus on why you’re the perfect candidate for the job and why you’re passionate about working in this specific company.
• Use the body of your cover letter to provide details on your skills, achievements, and qualifications, as well as make sure to convey your enthusiasm throughout your whole cover letter.
• Recap your key selling points towards the end of your cover letter, and end it with a formal closing line and your full name signed underneath.

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve every step of the way! 

Follow our career blog for more valuable advice, or check out some of our top guides, such as:

• How to Make a Resume in 2024 | Beginner's Guide
• How to Write a CV (Curriculum Vitae) in 2024 [31+ Examples]
• 35+ Job Interview Questions and Answers [Full List]

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How to Write a Cover Letter: Your Full Guide (With Tips and Examples)

It’s a familiar cycle: You sit down to write a cover letter, open a blank document, check your email, browse cover letter examples , do some chores, watch that cursor blink a few more times, and finally Google something like “how to write a cover letter”—which hopefully brought you here. But you still might be thinking, does anyone really read cover letters? Why do they even exist?

First: Yes, we can assure you that cover letters do, in fact, get read. To some hiring managers, they’re the most important part of your job application. And regardless, you don’t want to miss the opportunity to tell prospective employers who you are, showcase why they should hire you, and stand out above all the other candidates.

To ensure your letter is in amazing shape (and crafting it is as painless as possible), we’ve got easy-to-follow steps plus examples, a few bonus tips, and answers to frequently asked questions.

Get that cover letter out there! Browse open jobs on The Muse and find your dream job »

What is a cover letter and why is it important?

A cover letter is a brief (one page or less) note that you write to a hiring manager or recruiter to go along with your resume and other application materials.

Done well, a cover letter gives you the chance to speak directly to how your skills and experience line up with the specific job you’re pursuing. It also affords you an opportunity to hint to the reviewer that you’re likable, original, and likely to be a great addition to the team.

Instead of using cover letters to their strategic advantage, most job applicants blabber on and on about what they want, toss out bland, cliché-filled paragraphs that essentially just regurgitate their resume, or go off on some strange tangent in an effort to be unique. Given this reality, imagine the leg up you’ll have once you learn how to do cover letters right.

How long should a cover letter be?

An ideal cover letter typically ranges from a half page to one full page. Aim to structure it into four paragraphs, totaling around 250 to 400 words, unless the job posting states otherwise. Some employers may have specific guidelines like word or character limits, writing prompt, or questions to address. In such cases, be sure to follow these instructions from the job posting.

How to write a cover letter hiring managers will love

Now that you’re sold on how important cover letters are, here are eight steps to writing one that screams, “I’m a great hire!”

Step 1: Write a fresh cover letter for each job (but yes, you can use a template)

Sure, it’s way faster and easier to take the cover letter you wrote for your last application, change the name of the company, and send it off. But most employers want to see that you’re truly excited about the specific position and organization—which means creating a custom letter for each position.

While it’s OK to recycle a few strong sentences and phrases from one cover letter to the next, don’t even think about sending out a 100% generic letter. “Dear Hiring Manager, I am excited to apply to the open position at your company” is an immediate signal to recruiters and hiring managers that you’re mass-applying to every job listing that pops up on LinkedIn.

At the same time, there’s nothing that says you can’t get a little help: Try out one of our free cover letter templates to make the process a bit easier.

Step 2: Add your contact info

At the top of your cover letter, you should list out your basic info. You can even copy the same heading from your resume if you’d like. Some contact info you might include (and the order to include it in):

• Your pronouns (optional)
• Your location (optional)
• Your email address
• Your phone number (optional)
• Your Linkedin, portfolio, or personal website URL (optional)

Note that only name and email are mandatory, and you don’t need to put a full address on a cover letter or resume anymore. A city and state (or metro area) are more than enough. So your header might look like this:

Inigo Montoya he/him Florin Metropolitan Area [email protected] 555-999-2222

If the job posting tells you to submit your cover letter in the body of an email, you can add your contact info at the end, after your name (and if you’d like to forgo the email address here, you can—they have it already). So your sign off could look like this:

Violet Baudelaire she/her [email protected] 123-123-1234

https://www.linkedin.com/in/violet-baudelaire/

Step 3: Address your cover letter to the hiring manager—preferably by name

The most traditional way to address a cover letter is to use the person’s first and last name, including “Mr.” or “Ms.” (for example, “Dear Ms. Jane Smith” or just “Dear Ms. Smith”). But to avoid accidentally using the wrong title—or worse, inadvertently misgendering someone—first and last name also work just fine.

If “Dear” feels a bit too stiff, try “Hello.” But never use generic salutations like “ To Whom it May Concern ” or “Dear Sir or Madam.”

For more help, read these rules for addressing your cover letter and a few tips for how to find the hiring manager .

Step 4: Craft an opening paragraph that’ll hook your reader

Your opening sets the stage for the whole cover letter. So you want it to be memorable, friendly, conversational, and hyper-relevant to the job you’re pursuing.

No need to lead with your name—the hiring manager can see it already. But it’s good to mention the job you’re applying for (they may be combing through candidates for half a dozen different jobs).

You could go with something simple like, “I am excited to apply for [job] with [Company].” But consider introducing yourself with a snappy first paragraph that highlights your excitement about the company you’re applying to, your passion for the work you do, and/or your past accomplishments.

This is a prime spot to include the “why” for your application. Make it very clear why you want this job at this company. Are you a longtime user of their products? Do you have experience solving a problem they’re working on? Do you love their brand voice or approach to product development? Do your research on the company (and check out their Muse profile if they have one) to find out.

Read this next: 30 Genius Cover Letter Openers Recruiters Will LOVE

Step 5: Convey why you’d be a great hire for this job

A common cover letter mistake is only talking about how great the position would be for you. Frankly, hiring managers are aware of that—what they really want to know is what you’re going to bring to the position and company.

So once you’ve got the opening under wraps, you should pull out a few key ideas that will make up the backbone of your cover letter. They should show that you understand what the organization is looking for and spell out how your background lines up with the position.

Study the job description for hints . What problems is the company looking to solve with this hire? What skills or experiences are mentioned high up, or more than once? These will likely be the most important qualifications.

If you tend to have a hard time singing your own praises and can’t nail down your strengths , here’s a quick trick: What would your favorite boss, your best friend, or your mentor say about you? How would they sing your praises? Use the answers to inform how you write about yourself. You can even weave in feedback you’ve received to strengthen your case (occasionally, don’t overuse this!). For example:

“When I oversaw our last office move, my color-coded spreadsheets covering every minute detail of the logistics were legendary; my manager said I was so organized, she’d trust me to plan an expedition to Mars.”

Step 6: Back up your qualifications with examples and numbers

Look at your list of qualifications from the previous step, and think of examples from your past that prove you have them. Go beyond your resume. Don’t just regurgitate what the hiring manager can read elsewhere.

Simply put, you want to paint a fuller picture of what experiences and accomplishments make you a great hire and show off what you can sashay through their doors with and deliver once you land the job.

For example, what tells a hiring manager more about your ability to win back former clients? This: “I was in charge of identifying and re-engaging former clients.” Or this: “By analyzing past client surveys, NPS scores, and KPIs, as well as simply picking up the phone, I was able to bring both a data-driven approach and a human touch to the task of re-engaging former clients.”

If you're having trouble figuring out how to do this, try asking yourself these questions and finding answers that line up with the qualifications you’ve chosen to focus on:

• What approach did you take to tackling one of the responsibilities you’ve mentioned on your resume?
• What details would you include if you were telling someone a (very short!) story about how you accomplished one of your resume bullet points?
• What about your personality, passion, or work ethic made you especially good at getting the job done?

Come up with your examples, then throw in a few numbers. Hiring managers love to see stats—they show you’ve had a measurable impact on an organization you’ve worked for. Did you bring in more clients than any of your peers? Put together an impressive number of events? Make a process at work 30% more efficient? Work it into your cover letter!

This might help: How to Quantify Your Resume Bullets (When You Don't Work With Numbers)

Step 7: Finish with a strong conclusion

It’s tempting to treat the final lines of your cover letter as a throwaway: “I look forward to hearing from you.” But your closing paragraph is your last chance to emphasize your enthusiasm for the company or how you’d be a great fit for the position. You can also use the end of your letter to add important details—like, say, the fact that you’re willing to relocate for the job.

Try something like this:

“I believe my energy, desire to innovate, and experience as a sales leader will serve OrangePurple Co. very well. I would love to meet to discuss the value I could add as your next West Coast Sales Director. I appreciate your consideration and hope to meet with you soon.”

Then be sure to sign off professionally , with an appropriate closing and your first and last name. (Need help? Here are three cover letter closing lines that make hiring managers grimace, plus some better options .)

Step 8: Reread and revise

We shouldn’t have to tell you to run your cover letter through spell-check, but remember that having your computer scan for typos isn’t the same as editing . Set your letter aside for a day or even just a few hours, and then read through it again with fresh eyes—you’ll probably notice some changes you want to make.

You might even want to ask a friend or family member to give it a look. In addition to asking them if they spot any errors, you should ask them two questions:

• Does this sell me as the best person for the job?
• Does it get you excited?

If the answer to either is “no,” or even slight hesitation, go back for another pass.

Cover letter examples

Here are four example cover letters that follow the advice given above. Keep in mind that different situations may require adjustments in your approach. For instance, experienced job seekers can emphasize accomplishments from previous roles, while those with less experience might highlight volunteer work, personal projects, or skills gained through education.

Example #1: Cover letter for a job application

Alia Farhat San Francisco Bay Area [email protected] 444-000-1111

Hello Danny Tanaka,

If I’m being honest, I still haven’t fully gotten over the death of my first Tamagotchi pet when I was six years old. (His name was Tommy, and I’ve gotten far more creative since then, I promise.) When I was older, I discovered NeoPets and I was hooked for years—not just on the site, but on the community that surrounded it. So when I heard about FantasyPets last year, I immediately started following news about your development process, and that’s how I saw your post looking for a marketing strategist. Not only do I have eight years of experience in digital marketing, but as a lifelong gamer with a passion for pet-focused titles who’s spent years in online communities with like-minded people, I also know exactly what kind of messaging resonates with your target audience.

You’re looking for someone to help you craft a social media marketing campaign to go along with your game launch, and I’ve been a part of three launch-day marketing campaigns for mobile and web-based games. In my current role as social media manager at Phun Inc., I proposed a campaign across Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok based on competitor research and analysis of our social campaigns for similar games to go along with the launch of the mobile game FarmWorld. Using my strategy of featuring both kids and adults in ads, we ended up driving over one million impressions and 80k downloads in the first three months.

I’ve always believed that the best way to find the right messaging for a game is to understand the audience and immerse myself in it as much as possible. I spend some of my research time on gaming forums and watching Twitch streams and Let’s Plays to see what really matters to the audience and how they talk about it. Of course, I always back my strategies up with data—I’m even responsible for training new members of the marketing team at Phun Inc. in Google AdWords and data visualization.

I believe that my passion for games exactly like yours, my digital marketing and market research experience, and my flair for turning data into actionable insights will help put FantasyPets on the map. I see so much promise in this game, and as a future player, I want to see its user base grow as much as you do. I appreciate your consideration for the marketing strategist role and hope to speak with you soon.

Alia Farhat

Example #2: Cover letter for an internship

Mariah Johnson

New York, NY [email protected] 555-000-1234

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am excited to submit my application for the software development internship at Big Tech. As a student at New York University majoring in computer science with a keen interest in social studies, I believe I would be a good fit for the role. Big Tech's mission to promote equality and a more sustainable world is deeply inspiring, and I would be thrilled to contribute to this mission.

In a recent hackathon, I demonstrated my ability to lead a team in designing and developing an app that directs members of a small community to nearby electronics recycling centers. My team successfully developed a working prototype and presented it to a panel of industry experts who awarded us second place.

I’ve also been an active volunteer at my local library for over four years. During this time, I organized book donation drives, led book fairs, and conducted reading sessions with children. This experience strengthened my presentation and communication skills and confirmed my motivation stems from supporting a good cause. I would be more than happy to bring my passion and dedication to an organization whose mission resonates with me..

Through these experiences, along with my coursework in software engineering, I am confident I am able to navigate the challenges of the Big Tech internship program. I look forward to the opportunity to speak with you about my qualifications. Thank you for your consideration.

Example #3: Cover letter with no experience

Sarah Bergman

Philadelphia, PA [email protected] 1234-555-6789

Dear Chloe West,

I’m excited to apply for the entry-level copywriting position at Idea Agency. As a recent graduate from State University with a major in mass communications, I’m eager to delve deeper into copywriting for brands, marketing strategies, and their roles in the business world.

Over the past two years, I’ve completed courses in creative writing, copywriting, and essentials of digital marketing. I’ve also been actively involved in extracurricular activities, creating content and promoting student events across multiple online platforms. These experiences expanded my creativity, enhanced my teamwork skills, and strengthened my communication abilities.

As an admirer of your visionary marketing campaigns and Idea Agency’s commitment to sustainability, I’m enthusiastic about the prospect of joining your team. I'm confident that I can contribute to your future projects with inventive thinking and creative energy.

I welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further. Thank you for considering my application.

Best regards,

Example #4: Career change cover letter

Leslie Smith

Chicago, IL [email protected] 111-222-3344

Dear Paul Jones,

Over the past year, I’ve volunteered to represent my company at a local fair and there I discovered how much fun working face to face with clients would be. Everytime I sold a product for The Solar Company, I often wished it was my full-time job. Now, I'm excited to submit my application for the sales coordinator position with Bloom Sales.

After completing a degree in business administration, I decided to put my outgoing personality and strong communication skills to work as a sales specialist at The Solar Company. I’ve sharpened my presentation and critical thinking skills in client meetings and sourced more than $20,000 in new partnerships. This experience has given me an invaluable foundation, and now I’m confident it's the time to move business administration to sales coordination.

I’m comfortable seeking out new business opportunities, making cold calls, and selling potential clients on the advantages of Bloom Sales products. I attend an average of 10 in-person meetings a week, and interacting with a lot of different personalities is what excites me the most. As a detail-oriented, tech-savvy professional, I have advanced knowledge of Excel and data analysis.

I would love to learn more about your sales strategy for the second semester and discuss how my experience in business administration and client-facing sales exposure would help Bloom Sales achieve its goals. Thank you for your consideration.

Extra cover letter examples

• Pain point cover letter example
• Recent graduate cover letter example
• Stay-at-home parent returning to work cover letter example
• Sales cover letter example
• Email marketing manager cover letter example
• No job description or position cover letter example (a.k.a., a letter of intent or interest)
• Buzzfeed-style cover letter example
• Creative cover letter example (from the point-of-view of a dog)

Bonus cover letter tips to give you an edge over the competition

As you write your cover letter, here are a few more tips to consider to help you stand out from the stack of applicants:

• Keep it short and sweet: There are always exceptions to the rule, but in general, for resumes and cover letters alike, don’t go over a page. (Check out these tips for cutting down your cover letter .)
• Never apologize for your missing experience: When you don’t meet all of the job requirements, it’s tempting to use lines like, “Despite my limited experience as a manager…” or “While I may not have direct experience in marketing…” But why apologize ? Instead of drawing attention to your weaknesses, emphasize the strengths and transferable skills you do have.
• Strike the right tone: You want to find a balance between being excessively formal in your writing—which can make you come off as stiff or insincere—and being too conversational. Let your personality shine through, for sure, but also keep in mind that a cover letter shouldn’t sound like a text to an old friend.
• Consider writing in the company’s “voice:” Cover letters are a great way to show that you understand the environment and culture of the company and industry. Spending some time reading over the company website or stalking their social media before you get started can be a great way to get in the right mindset—you’ll get a sense for the company’s tone, language, and culture, which are all things you’ll want to mirror—especially if writing skills are a core part of the job.
• Go easy on the enthusiasm: We can’t tell you how many cover letters we’ve seen from people who are “absolutely thrilled for the opportunity” or “very excitedly applying!” Yes, you want to show personality, creativity, and excitement. But downplay the adverbs a bit, and keep the level of enthusiasm for the opportunity genuine and believable.

The bottom line with cover letters is this: They matter, much more than the naysayers will have you believe. If you nail yours, you could easily go from the “maybe” pile straight to “Oh, hell yes.”

Cover letter FAQs (a.k.a., everything else you need to know about cover letters)

• Are cover letters still necessary?
• Do I have to write a cover letter if it’s optional?
• Can I skip the cover letter for a tech job?
• What does it mean to write a cover letter for a resume?
• How can I write a simple cover letter in 30 minutes?
• How can I show personality in my cover letter?
• What should I name my cover letter file?
• Is a letter of intent different from a cover letter?
• Is a letter of interest different from a cover letter?

Regina Borsellino , Jenny Foss , and Amanda Cardoso contributed writing, reporting, and/or advice to this article.

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How to write a great cover letter in 2024: tips and structure

A cover letter is a personalized letter that introduces you to a potential employer, highlights your qualifications, and explains why you're a strong fit for a specific job.

Hate or love them, these brief documents allow job seekers to make an impression and stand out from the pile of other applications. Penning a thoughtful cover letter shows the hiring team you care about earning the position.

Here’s everything you need to know about how to write a cover letter — and a great one, at that.

What is a cover letter and why does it matter?

A professional cover letter is a one-page document you submit alongside your CV or resume as part of a job application. Typically, they’re about half a page or around 150–300 words.

An effective cover letter doesn’t just rehash your CV; it’s your chance to highlight your proudest moments, explain why you want the job, and state plainly what you bring to the table.

Show the reviewer you’re likable, talented, and will add to the company’s culture . You can refer to previous jobs and other information from your CV, but only if it helps tell a story about you and your career choices .

What 3 things should you include in a cover letter?

A well-crafted cover letter can help you stand out to potential employers. To make your cover letter shine, here are three key elements to include:

1. Personalization

Address the hiring manager or recruiter by name whenever possible. If the job posting doesn't include a name, research to find out who will be reviewing applications. Personalizing your cover letter shows that you've taken the time to tailor your application to the specific company and role.

2. Highlight relevant achievements and skills

Emphasize your most relevant skills , experiences, and accomplishments that directly relate to the job you're applying for. Provide specific examples of how your skills have benefited previous employers and how they can contribute to the prospective employer's success. Use quantifiable achievements , such as improved efficiency, cost savings, or project success, to demonstrate your impact.

3. Show enthusiasm and fit

Express your enthusiasm for the company and the position you're applying for. Explain why you are interested in this role and believe you are a good fit for the organization. Mention how your values, goals, and skills align with the company's mission and culture. Demonstrating that you've done your research can make a significant impression.

What do hiring managers look for in a cover letter?

Employers look for several key elements in a cover letter. These include:

Employers want to see that your cover letter is specifically tailored to the position you are applying for. It should demonstrate how your skills, experiences, and qualifications align with the job requirements.

Clear and concise writing

A well-written cover letter is concise, easy to read, and error-free. Employers appreciate clear and effective communication skills , so make sure your cover letter showcases your ability to express yourself effectively.

Demonstrated knowledge of the company

Employers want to see that you are genuinely interested in their organization. Mention specific details about the company, such as recent achievements or projects, to show that you are enthusiastic about joining their team.

Achievements and accomplishments

Highlight your relevant achievements and accomplishments that demonstrate your qualifications for the position. Use specific examples to showcase your skills and show how they can benefit the employer.

Enthusiasm and motivation

Employers want to hire candidates who are excited about the opportunity and motivated to contribute to the company's success. Express your enthusiasm and passion for the role and explain why you are interested in working for the company.

Professionalism

A cover letter should be professional in tone and presentation. Use formal language, address the hiring manager appropriately, and follow standard business letter formatting.

How do you structure a cover letter?

A well-structured cover letter follows a specific format that makes it easy for the reader to understand your qualifications and enthusiasm for the position. Here's a typical structure for a cover letter:

Contact information

Include your name, address, phone number, and email address at the top of the letter. Place your contact information at the beginning so that it's easy for the employer to reach you.

Employer's contact information

Opening paragraph, middle paragraph(s), closing paragraph, complimentary close, additional contact information.

Repeat your contact information (name, phone number, and email) at the end of the letter, just in case the employer needs it for quick reference.

Remember to keep your cover letter concise and focused. It should typically be no more than one page in length. Proofread your letter carefully to ensure it is free from spelling and grammatical errors. Tailor each cover letter to the specific job application to make it as relevant and impactful as possible.

How to write a good cover letter (with examples)

The best letters are unique, tailored to the job description, and written in your voice — but that doesn’t mean you can’t use a job cover letter template.

Great cover letters contain the same basic elements and flow a certain way. Take a look at this cover letter structure for ref erence while you construct your own.

1. Add a header and contact information

While reading your cover letter, the recruiter shouldn’t have to look far to find who wrote it. Your document should include a basic heading with the following information:

• Pronouns (optional)
• Location (optional)
• Email address
• Phone number (optional)
• Relevant links, such as your LinkedIn profile , portfolio, or personal website (optional)

You can pull this information directly from your CV. Put it together, and it will look something like this:

Christopher Pike

San Francisco, California

[email protected]

Alternatively, if the posting asks you to submit your cover letter in the body of an email, you can include this information in your signature. For example:

Warm regards,

Catherine Janeway

Bloomington, Indiana

[email protected]

(555) 999 - 2222

2. Include a personal greeting

Always begin your cover letter by addressing the hiring manager — preferably by name. You can use the person’s first and last name. Make sure to include a relevant title, like Dr., Mr., or Ms. For example, “Dear Mr. John Doe.”

Avoid generic openings like “To whom it may concern,” “Dear sir or madam,” or “Dear hiring manager.” These introductions sound impersonal — like you’re copy-pasting cover letters — and can work against you in the hiring process.

Be careful, though. When using someone’s name, you don’t want to use the wrong title or accidentally misgender someone. If in doubt, using only their name is enough. You could also opt for a gender-neutral title, like Mx.

Make sure you’re addressing the right person in your letter — ideally, the person who’s making the final hiring decision. This isn’t always specified in the job posting, so you may have to do some research to learn the name of the hiring manager.

3. Draw them in with an opening story

The opening paragraph of your cover letter should hook the reader. You want it to be memorable, conversational, and extremely relevant to the job you’re pursuing. 

There’s no need for a personal introduction — you’ve already included your name in the heading. But you should make reference to the job you’re applying for. A simple “Thank you for considering my application for the role of [job title] at [company],” will suffice.

Then you can get into the “Why” of your job application. Drive home what makes this specific job and this company so appealing to you. Perhaps you’re a fan of their products, you’re passionate about their mission, or you love their brand voice. Whatever the case, this section is where you share your enthusiasm for the role.

Here’s an example opening paragraph. In this scenario, you’re applying for a digital marketing role at a bicycle company:

“Dear Mr. John Doe,

Thank you for considering my application for the role of Marketing Coordinator at Bits n’ Bikes.

My parents bought my first bike at one of your stores. I’ll never forget the freedom I felt when I learned to ride it. My father removed my training wheels, and my mom sent me barrelling down the street. You provide joy to families across the country — and I want to be part of that.”

4. Emphasize why you’re best for the job

Your next paragraphs should be focused on the role you’re applying to. Highlight your skill set and why you’re a good fit for the needs and expectations associated with the position. Hiring managers want to know what you’ll bring to the job, not just any role.

Start by studying the job description for hints. What problem are they trying to solve with this hire? What skills and qualifications do they mention first or more than once? These are indicators of what’s important to the hiring manager.

Search for details that match your experience and interests. For example, if you’re excited about a fast-paced job in public relations, you might look for these elements in a posting:

• They want someone who can write social media posts and blog content on tight deadlines
• They value collaboration and input from every team member
• They need a planner who can come up with strong PR strategies

Highlight how you fulfill these requirements:

“I’ve always been a strong writer. From blog posts to social media, my content pulls in readers and drives traffic to product pages. For example, when I worked at Bits n’ Bikes, I developed a strategic blog series about bike maintenance that increased our sales of spare parts and tools by 50% — we could see it in our web metrics.

Thanks to the input of all of our team members, including our bike mechanics, my content delivered results.”

5. End with a strong closing paragraph and sign off gracefully

Your closing paragraph is your final chance to hammer home your enthusiasm about the role and your unique ability to fill it. Reiterate the main points you explained in the body paragraphs and remind the reader of what you bring to the table.

You can also use the end of your letter to relay other important details, like whether you’re willing to relocate for the job.

When choosing a sign-off, opt for a phrase that sounds professional and genuine. Reliable options include “Sincerely” and “Kind regards.”

Here’s a strong closing statement for you to consider:

“I believe my enthusiasm, skills, and work experience as a PR professional will serve Bits n’ Bikes very well. I would love to meet to further discuss my value-add as your next Director of Public Relations. Thank you for your consideration. I hope we speak soon.

Tips to write a great cover letter that compliments your resume

When writing your own letter, try not to copy the example excerpts word-for-word. Instead, use this cover letter structure as a baseline to organize your ideas. Then, as you’re writing, use these extra cover letter tips to add your personal touch:

• Keep your cover letter different from your resume : Your cover letter should not duplicate the information on your resume. Instead, it should provide context and explanations for key points in your resume, emphasizing how your qualifications match the specific job you're applying for.
• Customize your cover letter . Tailor your cover letter for each job application. Address the specific needs of the company and the job posting, demonstrating that you've done your homework and understand their requirements.
• Show enthusiasm and fit . Express your enthusiasm for the company and position in the cover letter. Explain why you are interested in working for this company and how your values, goals, and skills align with their mission and culture.
• Use keywords . Incorporate keywords from the job description and industry terms in your cover letter. This can help your application pass through applicant tracking systems (ATS) and demonstrate that you're well-versed in the field.
• Keep it concise . Your cover letter should be succinct and to the point, typically no more than one page. Focus on the most compelling qualifications and experiences that directly support your application.
• Be professional . Maintain a professional tone and structure in your cover letter. Proofread it carefully to ensure there are no errors.
• Address any gaps or concerns . If there are gaps or concerns in your resume, such as employment gaps or a change in career direction, briefly address them in your cover letter. Explain any relevant circumstances and how they have shaped your qualifications and determination.
• Provide a call to action . Conclude your cover letter with a call to action, inviting the employer to contact you for further discussion. Mention that you've attached your resume for their reference.
• Follow the correct format . Use a standard cover letter format like the one above, including your contact information, a formal salutation, introductory and closing paragraphs, and your signature. Ensure that it complements your resume without redundancy.
• Pick the right voice and tone . Try to write like yourself, but adapt to the tone and voice of the company. Look at the job listing, company website, and social media posts. Do they sound fun and quirky, stoic and professional, or somewhere in-between? This guides your writing style.
• Tell your story . You’re an individual with unique expertise, motivators, and years of experience. Tie the pieces together with a great story. Introduce how you arrived at this point in your career, where you hope to go , and how this prospective company fits in your journey. You can also explain any career changes in your resume.
• Show, don’t tell . Anyone can say they’re a problem solver. Why should a recruiter take their word for it if they don’t back it up with examples? Instead of naming your skills, show them in action. Describe situations where you rose to the task, and quantify your success when you can.
• Be honest . Avoid highlighting skills you don’t have. This will backfire if they ask you about them in an interview. Instead, shift focus to the ways in which you stand out.
• Avoid clichés and bullet points . These are signs of lazy writing. Do your best to be original from the first paragraph to the final one. This highlights your individuality and demonstrates the care you put into the letter.
• Proofread . Always spellcheck your cover letter. Look for typos, grammatical errors, and proper flow. We suggest reading it out loud. If it sounds natural rolling off the tongue, it will read naturally as well.

Common cover letter writing FAQs

How long should a cover letter be.

A cover letter should generally be concise and to the point. It is recommended to keep it to one page or less, focusing on the most relevant information that highlights your qualifications and fits the job requirements.

Should I include personal information in a cover letter?

While it's important to introduce yourself and provide your contact information, avoid including personal details such as your age, marital status, or unrelated hobbies. Instead, focus on presenting your professional qualifications and aligning them with the job requirements.

Can I use the same cover letter for multiple job applications?

While it may be tempting to reuse a cover letter, it is best to tailor each cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. This allows you to highlight why you are a good fit for that particular role and show genuine interest in the company.

Do I need to address my cover letter to a specific person?

Whenever possible, it is advisable to address your cover letter to a specific person, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. If the job posting does not provide this information, try to research and find the appropriate contact. If all else fails, you can use a generic salutation such as "Dear Hiring Manager."

Should I include references in my cover letter?

It is generally not necessary to include references in your cover letter. Save this information for when the employer explicitly requests it. Instead, focus on showcasing your qualifications and achievements that make you a strong candidate for the position.

It’s time to start writing your stand-out cover letter

The hardest part of writing is getting started. 

Hopefully, our tips gave you some jumping-off points and confidence . But if you’re really stuck, looking at cover letter examples and resume templates will help you decide where to get started. 

There are numerous sample cover letters available online. Just remember that you’re a unique, well-rounded person, and your cover letter should reflect that. Using our structure, you can tell your story while highlighting your passion for the role. 

Doing your research, including strong examples of your skills, and being courteous is how to write a strong cover letter. Take a breath , flex your fingers, and get typing. Before you know it, your job search will lead to a job interview.

If you want more personalized guidance, a specialized career coach can help review, edit, and guide you through creating a great cover letter that sticks.

Understand Yourself Better:

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Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

3 cover letter examples to help you catch a hiring manager’s attention

Write thank you letters after interviews to stand out as job applicant, chatgpt cover letters: how to use this tool the right way, how to write an impactful cover letter for a career change, use professional reference templates to make hiring smoother, send a thank you email after an internship to boost your career, character references: 4 tips for a successful recommendation letter, what is a letter of intent examples on how to write one, how to ask for a letter of recommendation (with examples), how to make yourself indispensable at work: pro tips, 5 tips for reentering the workforce, tips and tricks for writing a letter of interest (with examples), how to write a job application email that gets a reply, how to close a cover letter (with 25+ eye-catching examples), how to write a letter of recommendation (with examples), stay connected with betterup, get our newsletter, event invites, plus product insights and research..

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How To Write a Cover Letter for a CV (With Examples)

Tips for Writing a Cover Letter for a CV

Proofread before sending, cover letter template, cover letter sample, sending an email cover letter, more cover letter examples.

When you apply for a job with a  curriculum vitae  (CV), it's important to include a cover letter, also known as a covering letter. This letter allows you to make a favorable first impression, using narrative in your own tone of voice to catch the reader’s attention and encourage them to seriously review your attached CV.

Like a resume, a CV summarizes your skills and experience. The  difference between a CV and a resume  is length, the focus on credentials, and what the documents are used for. Typically, a CV is required to apply for roles in academia, scientific research, and medical fields. 

While your CV provides a detailed—and often lengthy—look at your experience and credentials, the cover letter is an opportunity to call out your most important qualifications and make a compelling case for your candidacy for the role at hand. Here's what you need to know to write a successful curriculum vitae cover letter. 

Tailor the Letter to Fit the Organization

The CV cover letter should be  tailored to respond to the unique and specific requirements  requested by each organization you are approaching. 

Do not use the same cover letter for every job you apply to, even though it may seem like a timesaver. 

Each letter needs to provide detailed information about why are you are qualified for the specific job in question, and it should outline the reasons for your interest in the company or organization. Being specific is advantageous. Even if you're applying for two similar roles in two different hospitals, the two hospitals may serve different populations or require slightly different responsibilities for people in the role. Your letters to each hospital should reflect that. 

Use your cover letter to identify the skills or experiences most specific to the job, rather than copying directly the information in your CV.

What to Include

As a candidate, it's tempting to feel like the cover letter is unnecessary, since it is likely that all the pertinent information is included in your CV. Still, as you can see, the cover letter is a helpful tool in your application. Here's what to keep in mind as you write a cover letter. 

Format Matters

The content of your cover letter should be brief and structured. Aim for 3-5 paragraphs in your letter.  Start with a salutation. Your letter should address the relevant contact, whose name often appears in the job advertisement. Avoid “Sir” or “Madam” if possible.

If the letter recipient's name isn't provided, try these  tips to determine the correct contact person . 

Start With an Introduction

Typically, the first paragraph will be an introduction—if you are applying to a job ad, mention it here. Mention the job title, any reference number, and where and when you saw it. The first paragraph is also where you should mention if someone referred you to the position. 

The Body of the Cover Letter

The body of the letter—the second and third paragraphs—should highlight your relevant skills and experience. Highlight your  transferable skills , achievements, and versatility. Explain what you can contribute and what makes you stand out from your competition. Include mention of your current or last job, qualifications, and professional and academic training, tailoring your information to make it as relevant as possible to the organization or job applied for.

In the body of the cover letter, you can mention personality traits relevant to the role at hand. You can also use this space to call out why you're interested in this specific role, at this specific company. Potential employers and hiring managers will appreciate it if you can show you've read the job ad and researched the company. 

Avoid lengthy repetition of information covered in your CV. Unlike a CV, it is acceptable to write a cover letter in the first person.

Conclude the letter by succinctly summarizing why an employer may want to meet and employ you. Include a polite expression of interest in further dialogue with the recruiter. Do mention that you would like the opportunity to discuss your suitability further in a personal interview and that you await a response in due course.

Follow Instructions 

In some cases, an advertisement will indicate that a more substantial letter is required. 

Always follow specific instructions and include any information if it is specifically requested. For instance, some employers may ask you to include your current salary or your desired salary range. 

Make Sure the Letter Reads Well 

Ensure that your CV cover letter flows freely. You do not need to precisely match every point on the job description. The reader should be left with an overall impression that you are a potentially valuable addition to the workforce.

The letter should be readable and engaging. 

Negative information of any sort should be avoided in your cover letter, as well as on your CV.

You'll want to be sure your letter is free from grammar or spelling errors. It should also be clearly presented—that means using standard formatting, and common  readable fonts  (such as Times New Roman or Verdana) in an appropriate size. 

This is a cover letter example. Download the cover letter template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for more examples.

Depending on the employer's submission requirements, cover letters can be submitted online with your CV, uploaded online, or mailed. Be sure to follow the application instructions and follow the directions on how to apply. Consider this template for how to structure your letter: 

Belinda Applicant 123 Main Street Anytown, CA 12345 555-555-5555 belinda.applicant@gmail.com

October 25, 2021

Clark Lee, PhD Biology Department Chair Northwestern University 123 Business Rd. Business City, NY 54321

Dear Dr, Lee:

I am writing to apply for the position of assistant professor in the Biology department, as described in the Northern University website. The opportunity to teach biology appeals to me, and I believe I can be an asset to the department due to my experience as a field biologist, as well as my work as an adjunct professor at Southern State University. In accordance with your job description, I have the following skills:

• Experience lecturing to large audiences

• Experience with learning management systems and course design

• Ability to assist with labs for other professors

• Experience with grant writing and research

I have enclosed my curriculum vitae so you may examine my work and research experience, the papers I’ve published, and my educational background.

I can be reached anytime by email at Belinda.applicant@gmail.com or my cell phone, 555-555-5555. Thank you so much for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this position.

Signature (hard copy letter)

Belinda Applicant

When you are sending your cover letter by email, list your contact information in your signature rather than at the top of the letter. List your name and the job title in the subject line of the message. 

Here are more examples of cover letters that you can use as a starting point for your own correspondence.

How to write a cover letter for your CV

If you want to land the best jobs, you need to accompany your CV with a strong cover letter.

In this guide, I will show you how to write a cover letter that will get you noticed by employers and ensure you land plenty of interviews.

Starting with a basic overview…

To write an effective cover letter you must:

• Apply a professional format and layout
• Address the recipient by name
• Explain why you are suitable for the job you are applying for
• Explain why you are applying for the job
• Encourage the recruiter to open your CV

What is a cover letter?

Before you delve into this guide, it’s important to understand what a cover letter is, and what it’s purpose is.

Having a good understanding of these 2 factors will help you to create a really effective cover letter.

A cover letter is simply an introductory note which you send to recruiters and employers, when sending your CV

Here’s an example of a typical cover letter

What’s the purpose of a cover letter?

The purpose of your cover letter is to do the following 3 things;

• Introduce yourself
• Build rapport with the recruiter or employer
• Encourage them to open your CV

Cover letter format

Before you start to write your cover letter, you need to understand the basics of formatting one, and the structure to follow.

Using the correct format will ensure that your cover letter is easy for busy recruiters to read, and that you can highlight the important information that they want to see.

Use the following tips to format and layout your CV for best results.

Write your cover letter in the body of your message or email

The number one cover letter formatting rule to remember is, write your cover letter in the body of your email (or messaging box if you are sending via a job website ).

Never attach your cover letter as a separate document.

You want your cover letter to be instantly visible to recruiters and employers, form the moment they open your application.

If you attach it separately, you simply slowing down the process, and run the risk of having your application ignored (especially if it takes a long time for the document to open).

So, always write your cover letter in the body of your application message if you want to make an instant connection with the recipient.

Quick tip: If you are writing your cover letter in an email, use an eye-catching subject line that tailors your skills to the jobs. E.g. Developer with 5 years web app experience

Build your CV now 

Cover letter layout

Every cover letter will be different of course, but try to stick to this basic layout as much as possible, in order to provide the right information, in a logical order.

This will help you to build rapport with readers, and sell yourself to them in the short window of their attention you have.

Start by addressing the recipient

The first thing you need to do in your cover letter, is address the person you are approaching.

Follow with a friendly greeting

You want to appear professional when applying for jobs, but you also need to be friendly and personable.

So, follow with a friendly greeting such as;

• Hope you’re well
• I hope this email finds you well

Always remember that your message will be read by a real person, and they will appreciate being treated well.

Explain which job you are applying for

Once you’ve greeted and warmed up the recruiter with a friendly opening, it’s time to get to the point.

Let the recruiter know exactly which job you are applying for.

Remember that some recruiters will be working scores of vacancies, so be as specific as you can.

Explain why you are suitable for the job

In the body of your cover letter, you should provide a brief explanation of what makes you suitable for the job you are applying for.

This is ultimately what will encourage a recruiter or hiring manager to open your CV .

I will cover how to do this in more detail in the “W hat to include in a cover letter ” section of the guide.

Sign off in a friendly and professional manner

Remembering that your cover letter is a means of communication with the person receiving it – sign off in a friendly yet professional way.

Use a term like;

• Kind regards
• Look forward to hearing from you

Finish with a professional signature

Finally, at the very bottom of your cover letter, add a professional signature .

This will ensure it looks professional, and provide the reader with instant access to your contact details.

Quick tip: If you are writing a cover letter in email, format your signature to make it look extra-professional, and save it as your default signature for all of your outgoing mails.

How to start a cover letter

To start a cover letter, you should always aim to address the recipient by name – this is the best way to start building rapport.

But you are probably thinking, “How do I find their name??”

There are a few ways you can find the name of the person handling the vacancy

• On the job advert – sometimes the name and email address will be on the job advert itself
• Company website – If you’re applying directly to a company, you can often find the recruitment team or head of department on the company About us section
• LinkedIn – If you can determine the company and team for the vacancy, a search on LinkedIn can often uncover the most likely person to be handling the applications.

“What if I can’t find a name?”

If you can’t find a name, don’t panic – you won’t always be able to.

Simply address the recruiter with the word “Hi” – that’s all you can do in that instance.

Don’t use the phrase “ Dear sir or madam” – It’s very old-fashioned and impersonal.

How long should a cover letter be?

A cover letter should be short and sweet.

The purpose of a cover letter, is simply to persuade recruiters to open your CV, so it doesn’t need to be long .

You only need 3 – 6 sentences to write a good cover letter.

You have to bear in mind that recruiters and hiring managers are busy people, so you need to move them on to opening your CV quickly – or you might lose their attention.

What to include in a cover letter

The content you include in your cover letter will determine whether or not the recruiter is impressed by you, and if they will go on to open your CV.

So, it’s crucial that you include the information they want to see.

Here’s what to include…

Firstly, read the job advert properly

Before you start writing your cover letter, you must ensure that you understand what the recruiter wants from applicants.

Study the job advert carefully, and pick out the most important candidate requirements.

Focus mainly on hard skills such as languages, IT systems, industry experience etc.

Don’t focus on personal skills (such as adaptability, teamwork etc,) as they are needed for most jobs and won’t make you stand out.

Once you know what the recruiter wants from a successful candidate, try to reflect those attributes when writing the below points.

Industry skills

If you’re an experienced candidate, employers will mainly be interested in the work you have done in your industry, tools you are familiar with, type of projects you have worked on etc. so make these a focal point of your cover letter.

If you are less experienced (like a graduate or school leaver) focus on adding transferable skills from your studies, that can be carried over to the workplace.

Length of experience

Recruiters will need to know how much experience you have.

• Are you a graduate?
• Senior with 15 years of experience?

Qualifications

If the role you are applying for requires certain qualifications, then it’s crucial to mention them in your cover letter.

However, if the job advert doesn’t ask for them, or you simply know qualifications aren’t important to perform the role – then you can leave them out.

What you are currently doing

Recruiters will want to know what your current situation is, so be sure to inform them.

• Are you currently working in a similar role?
• Have you just left school?
• Are you immediately available, or do you have to work notice?

Your motivation for applying

One question that recruiters will often ask when they receive an application is, “ why is this person applying for the role ?”

And you need to answer that question in your cover letter.

Your reasons for applying should be positive, and suggest that you are looking to make a firm commitment to the employer.

Do write:  “After spending 2 years as senior manager at my current firm, I am looking to take a step up to manage a bigger team in a more specialist market”

Don’t write:  “ I’ve recently been fired from my old job, so I need a new one quickly”

Results you’ve achieved for employers

If you’re an experienced candidate, it’s a good idea to allude to the kind of results you have achieved for your current or previous employers.

Maybe you have;

• Saved them money
• Brought on new customers
• Improved processes
• Made plenty of sales

Only give an overview in your cover letter to keep things brief – save the detail for your CV .

How to end a cover letter

To end a cover letter , you should do 2 things; provide a strong call-to-action, and sign of professionally.

Provide a strong call to action

What is a call to action?

It’s simply a request to the reader to take a specific action…

In the case of your cover letter, the action you want the recruiter to take is open your CV.

So it can be helpful to write a line like,

“Please find my CV attached” near the bottom of your cover letter, to encourage readers to do so.

Sign off professionally

Finish your cover letter with a friendly term such as, “kind regards” followed by your name.

Then add a professional signature to the bottom, like the one below;

This makes the cover letter look professional and ensures that recruiters have;

• Your full name
• Phone number
• Email address

Cover letter samples

To give you some ideas and inspiration for writing your cover letter, here are 6  example cover letters .

Customer service cover letter

This customer service cover letter is short and to-the-point – it quickly delivers a host of reasons why this candidate would be valuable in a customer service role.

See also: sales assistant cover letter example

Finance cover letter

This cover letter outlines the candidate’s finance knowledge, and how they could apply it in the workplace

Graduate cover letter

Graduate’s cover letters are a little longer than most, as they don’t have as much experience, so need to describe their education and transferable skills.

Sales cover letter

This cover letter boasts the candidate’s ability to make sales and drive revenue.

Project management cover letter

An overview of the candidate’s project manager skills and the types of projects they deliver, are enough to entice recruiters here.

Teacher cover letter

This teacher cover letter provides a brief synopsis of the candidate’s teaching abilities and the types of lessons they teach.

Cover letter mistakes

When writing your cover letter, be sure to avoid some of these common mistakes…

Don’t attach your cover letter as a separate document

You want the contents of your cover letter to instantly greet and connect with the recruiter opening it – so attaching it as separate document will slow that process down.

It doesn’t make sense to attach it as a separate document when you can write in the body of your email or message.

Don’t write a whole side of A4

Your cover letter should be a brief introduction and overview of your suitability for the job.

If you write too much, you risk boring the reader and they might skip past your application.

Save the in-depth details for your CV.

Don’t copy and paste the same cover letter

When your applying for lots of jobs, it can be tempting to simply copy and paste your cover letter into every application.

Whilst this will save you time, it will have a negative effect on your applications.

If you don’t take the time to tailor your cover letter for every job, it’s likely that you will miss some of the key requirements for each job, and therefore you will not make as good as impression as you could have.

It’s OK to work from a template, to keep the structure and some important points that you might repeat for most applications – but always tailor each cover letter to the job spec, for best results.

Don’t use “Dear sir or Madam”

This greeting many have worked well in the 1800’s, but it’s dated and impersonal now.

A simple “Hi” is a friendly and professional way to start your cover letter nowadays.

How to write a cover letter – conclusion

Your cover letter is a crucial tool in the quest to land interviews in the job market.

If you follow the advice above, you should be able to create a concise and powerful cover letter that will excite recruiters, and take you one step closer to landing that dream job

Good luck with your job search!

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• Resume and Cover Letter
• How to Write a Cover Letter...

How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example)

10 min read · Updated on August 15, 2024

Cover letters aren't a thing of the past!

If you dread writing cover letters, know you're not the only one. You've put a lot of work into writing your resume , and now you need to sell yourself in a great cover letter.

The task can feel daunting, but it's an important one, so try to approach it one step at a time. Before you know it, you'll have the perfect cover letter to pair with your perfect resume, and you'll be ready to catch the attention of hiring managers.

Let's start with the basics, and then we'll walk you through each section of the cover letter — and even give you an example.

What's a cover letter, and why are they important?

A good cover letter is a one-page document that emphasizes to future employers what you want to do next and why you think you're the best person for the job. Yes, your resume does that, to a degree, by highlighting your skills and qualifications , but the cover letter goes a step further. 

When you write a future-facing cover letter, employers can learn about any career shifts you've had or are making. You can talk about how you've overcome past challenges and how those have prepared you to succeed in new jobs. 

Basically, your cover letter is a story employers want to read that allows them to connect what you've done in the past with what you want to do in the future. It's a chance for you to shine a spotlight on your enthusiasm, how your values align with the company's mission, and the particular things from your past that will prove beneficial to the new team. 

How to write a cover letter

Your cover letter needs to have a particular format. It should be written as a business letter and contain

A header with your contact information

A salutation, e.g., Dear So and So

3-4 body paragraphs

A call to action

A sign-off/signature

It's a good idea to have the font, margins, and alignment mirror your resume. This will help make your entire application appear more professional. Also, keep your cover letter on one page. 

Since you're trying to make a great impression with your cover letter in an attempt to distinguish yourself from other candidates, try to inject some of your personality into it. Let the hiring manager start to get to know the real you. 

How to write a cover letter: A step-by-step guide

Although cover letters are fairly short, they can be quite daunting. That's why it's important to approach your cover letter by sections:

How to write a cover letter: Header

Your cover letter and resume are a package, so you'll want them to match. Start your proper cover letter with your name (formatted like it is at the top of your resume) along with your contact information.

When you search for generic cover letter templates online, you might find ones where you'll fill in a company's contact information. That was relevant when cover letters were sent via snail mail, but these days, you can just leave it off. A hiring manager doesn't need to see the address of their office building.

How to write a cover letter: Salutation

Below your contact information, add the date you're applying and greet your intended recipient . If the job description doesn't include the name of a hiring manager or team leader, here's how to find this information:

If the job listing has an email address, use it to search for a name on Google or through an online company directory.

If the job listing is on LinkedIn, see if you can track down the original poster.

If the job description mentions who the job reports to, search for that individual or position title in a company directory.

If you still can't find a name to address your cover letter to, avoid phrases like “To whom it may concern,” “Hey,” or “Dear Sir/Madam” – these are overused cover letter cliches that won't serve you well at all. Instead, address it to the department that's hiring (e.g. Dear Editorial Team) or the team manager (e.g. Dear Customer Service Manager).

How to write a cover letter: Introduction paragraph

You should kick off your great cover letter by introducing yourself. This is the perfect opportunity to explain why you're interested in the role and the company and what you can bring to the team. 

This is also your chance to demonstrate you've done your homework, showing you know something about the company or industry. Additionally, if you found the job through a colleague already at the company or through a mutual connection, this is a great place to drop their name.

If you're confident in your writing skills and feel creative, you can swap out the standard introductory paragraph with an anecdote related to your work. This should grab the reader's attention and also illustrate the most important – and relevant – skills you possess for the job at hand. 

If you're curious to learn more about this idea, communications expert Danny Rubin explains “storytelling” cover letters with examples. This is definitely a great way to hook the reader into wanting to read your entire cover letter.

How to write a cover letter: Qualifications paragraph

After you've introduced yourself, use the second paragraph of your professional cover letter to highlight your relevant skills and qualifications . Instead of simply listing these (you already did that on your resume), use this as an opportunity to illustrate how you are qualified to do this job. Spell out how your professional experience, education , and abilities meet the position's core requirements.

This is arguably the most important section, as it clearly explains to the reader why your application is worth a read. 

Certified professional career coach and TopResume's resident career expert Amanda Augustine suggests identifying three or four core must-have requirements from the job description , listing each in its own bullet within the cover letter, and explaining how you meet these requirements.

Don't forget to tie each requirement back to the job itself; you want the hiring manager to understand exactly what you can bring to the company.

How to write a cover letter: Career achievements

As with your resume, the best way to prove you have the right skills and qualifications is to highlight career wins . But you'll do it a bit differently on your cover letter. Of course, the focus will still be on the impact you made and the skills you used to achieve results. The main challenge is converting the statements you used in your resume into a narrative.

Instead of writing something like, “Increased sales by 20% by creating comprehensive marketing campaigns,” you'd want to expand on that and turn it into a story. For example, 

“While I was at ABC Corp, I worked with department heads and senior leaders to identify goals and created a new marketing campaign that increased sales by 20% in 6 months. My passion for collaboration and strategic planning has equipped me to fulfill the tasks of the position you have available and will ensure that I can effectively work with the people on your team.” 

This works because it fuses the past with the future to show prospective employers what you have to bring to their table. 

How to write a cover letter: Close with a call to action

You're almost done! Now, it's time to wrap up your cover with a specific call to action. 

Rather than merely asking for the hiring manager or recruiter to review your resume, let them know when you will follow up with them about your application. This keeps the ball in your court and gives you a legitimate reason to follow up.

Your closer is also the perfect spot to show your enthusiasm and excitement. Don't go overboard, but don't be afraid to let them know you're excited about this opportunity.

How to write a cover letter: Sign off

Once you've thanked a hiring manager for their time and consideration, it's time to sign off.  Think about how the closing salutations you use for your professional emails. Keep it simple with “best regards,” “sincerely,” or “thank you.”

A note on cover letter keywords

As you write your unique cover letter, keep keywords in mind. Just like you added keywords to your resume , you'll want to do the same for your cover letter.

Remember, these aren't just catchy buzzwords. Keywords are the words you see repeated in the job listing. Including these keywords in your cover letter will help ensure it gets seen and prove to the hiring manager you understand the job listing.

Use this cover letter example for guidance

If you're still struggling to get started, check out this free cover letter sample to give you a better idea of how you can structure your cover letter.

Remember: The information should be tailored to the specific role and company, and the format of the cover letter, such as the font, should match the look and feel of your resume. 

How to write a cover letter: Tailoring it for each job

Now that you've got your successful cover letter let's reiterate one final point: It's important you tailor your cover letter for each job application . 

Of course, you'll want to update the company name and the position title, but take it one step further and mention specific facts about the company, the job requirements, and your most relevant skills. Doing this will woo the hiring manager and show you're serious.

You don't have to write a brand new cover letter for each job, however. Instead, create a cover letter template and make copies of it for each job application you submit. Simply leave blanks for the hiring manager's name, the specifics about the company, and your relevant professional skills, then customize them to each job description.

Once you've created a solid template, you've gotten the hardest part out of the way, and it should make applying to jobs a lot easier.

Your career, your story, your future

In every interaction with a future employer, you have to put your best foot forward in a way that actually gets noticed. Too many people enter the job search without the right knowledge to successfully search for, apply for, and land a new job. By following the steps outlined here, you can create a cover letter that stands out to hiring managers and intrigues them to the point where they want to know more about you. That's what leads to interviews. 

Nailed your cover letter but still not feeling so hot about your resume? Let an expert help with a resume rewrite .

This article was originally written by Amanda Augustine . It's been updated by Carson Kohler and Marsha Hebert .

Recommended Reading:

9 Cliches to Cut From Your Cover Letter Right Now

The Right (and Wrong) Ways to Show Personality in Your Cover Letter

How to Tailor Your Cover Letter for Each Job Application

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

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How to Write a Cover Letter That Gets You a Job Interview

Learn to avoid the biggest mistake job seekers make and write a cover letter that truly makes an impact.

Customers Interviewed by:

Most job seekers don’t know how to write a proper cover letter. They believe a cover letter is just a “here is my resume” note. This is a wasted opportunity!

In this article, you’ll discover the secret to writing a professional cover letter that’s truly effective. It’s not hard to do and will give you a significant edge over the competition. We’ll walk you through the process in a few straightforward steps and provide examples to help you along the way.

Ready to get started? Let’s dive in and create a cover letter that opens doors to your next opportunity.

What is a cover letter and do you really need one?

A cover letter is a short document (around 300 words) that accompanies your resume. Your cover letter should not simply repeat what your resume says . Instead, it should complement your resume, highlight your personality, and potentially address any weaknesses that could otherwise prevent you from getting an interview.

But do you really need a cover letter in 2024? The short answer is YES.

“Over 80% of hiring managers read a cover letter and 60% of applications require one as part of the application,” says career coach Madelyn Mackie . “Even hiring managers and recruiters who say they never read cover letters may find themselves drawn in by a particularly compelling letter.”

In fact, Jobscan analyzed nearly 1 million job applications and found that including a cover letter with your resume makes you  1.9 times more likely  to be invited for an interview compared to those who left out a cover letter.

What’s the biggest cover letter mistake?

The biggest mistake job seekers make when writing their cover letter is to focus only on themselves .

“It’s not about you,” says career coach Susan Schwartz . “It’s about what you can do for them. Talking to them about what they care about—not about what you want—is what’s going to make them want to read your letter. And to hire you!”

According to Schwartz, this is the best way to write a cover letter:

Paragraph 1. A single sentence (maximum two) stating the PROBLEM that the company faces. What is the issue/need/opportunity that this role will address?

Paragraph 2. what solution do you offer how are you the answer to their need again, keep it to a sentence or two., paragraph 3. explanation: what experience do you have that supports your assertion that you can help this paragraph can be 3-4 sentences, but keep it short., paragraph 4. call to action: suggest next steps. not “thank you” but let’s plan to discuss this next week..

Since hiring managers often spend less than 20 seconds on an application, your cover letter needs to grab their attention and get them to look at your resume. By highlighting how your experience matches the job, you make it easier for them to see you as a great fit for the role.

Now let’s examine each of these steps in more detail.

How to write a strong cover letter step-by-step

Now that you know the basics of what to include in your cover letter, let’s go through the process from start to finish to see how you can write a cover letter that will make you stand out from the rest of the candidates.

1. Do your research

Before writing your cover letter, research the company to understand its current challenges and goals. Visit the company website, read their latest news and press releases, and follow their social media channels.

Don’t skip this step! It’s crucial for writing a cover letter that truly resonates with a potential employer and sets you apart from other candidates.

After you’ve researched the company, carefully read the job description. Ask yourself the following questions:

• What specific problems or challenges is this role designed to address?
• How do my skills and experiences align with the job requirements?
• Am I a good fit for the role?
• What unique value can I bring to the company in this role?
• Are there any keywords or phrases that I should incorporate into my cover letter?

After researching the company and the role, you’re ready to start writing your cover letter.

2. Write your opening paragraphs

Many job seekers make the mistake of being too wordy in their cover letters. You’re not writing a novel. Use short words in short sentences. Remember, a hiring manager is going to quickly scan your application, so you need to get right to the point.

Here are some examples of how to start a cover letter:

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I’ve noticed that NexGen is working hard to stand out in a crowded digital market, and keeping your brand top-of-mind for customers can be tough.

That’s where I come in—I specialize in creating engaging content and smart SEO strategies that boost online presence and drive customer engagement.

I understand that Weissman is seeking to maintain its innovative edge in the dancewear industry while consistently meeting sales and margin targets.

I am confident that my experience and passion for design can help Weissman continue to create stunning, market-leading dancewear.

I understand that Timmons Company needs motivated individuals to manage sales territories and boost product visibility in retail grocery stores around Quincy, IL.

I am excited to bring my self-motivation and sales-oriented mindset to your team, ensuring your products not only maintain their shelf presence but also thrive.

3. Prove you can do the job

Now you need to provide evidence that you’re the right person for the job. The best way to do this is to highlight your relevant experience and achievements. Here are some things you should focus on:

• Specific Accomplishments : Share examples of your successes, such as increasing sales, leading projects, or improving processes.
• Relevant Skills : Highlight the skills that match the job requirements, like planning, organizing, technical proficiencies, or specific industry experience.
• Problem-Solving : Discuss times when you successfully tackled challenges, such as resolving issues, managing conflicts, or implementing solutions.
• Industry Knowledge : Demonstrate your understanding of the field and awareness of current trends and standards.
• Team Collaboration : Mention how you’ve effectively worked in teams, mentored others, or collaborated across departments.

Remember to keep it concise. Your letter isn’t meant to tell your whole story; it’s about making a compelling case that you understand the key aspects of the job.

Your goal is to leave the reader eager to learn more about you. Here are some examples:

“Over the past five years, I’ve led digital marketing campaigns that ramped up organic traffic by 40% and bumped up conversion rates by 25%. I’ve worked with diverse teams to create compelling content that resonates with audiences and used data analytics to refine strategies for maximum impact. My experience with social media management and email marketing also ensures a holistic approach to your digital marketing needs.”

“With over ten years in apparel design, specializing in activewear and dancewear, I have a proven track record of developing designs that resonate with customers and drive sales. My expertise includes conducting global trend research, selecting inspiring materials, and leading teams to transform creative concepts into market-ready products. I am proficient in Adobe Creative Suite and have experience with CLO3D, ensuring that my designs are both innovative and technically sound. My leadership skills have been honed by mentoring junior designers and managing cross-functional teams, fostering a collaborative and efficient design process.”

“With several years of experience in CPG retail sales and merchandising, I have successfully managed sales territories, maintained product placements, and executed promotional strategies. My ability to plan and organize, combined with proficiency in Microsoft Office and familiarity with iPads, positions me well to contribute effectively to your sales team. I am adept at thinking on my feet and delivering results in dynamic environments, ensuring that products are always tagged, rotated, and optimally displayed.”

4. Conclude with a call to action

When wrapping up your cover letter, it’s crucial to include a strong call to action in your closing paragraph. This isn’t just about expressing gratitude—it’s about setting the stage for the next steps in the hiring process.

Instead of a simple “thank you,” aim to propose a specific plan, such as scheduling a meeting or a call to discuss how you can contribute to the company.

Here are some examples of how to end a cover letter :

“Let’s discuss how I can help NexGen Creative Agency achieve its sales goals next week. Please let me know your availability for a meeting.”

“How about we chat next week about how I can help Weissman shine even brighter? Let me know when you’re free.”

“Let’s plan to discuss how my self-motivation and sales-oriented mindset can boost product visibility for Timmons Company next week. Please let me know your availability for a meeting.”

There is no need to add anything more. Time is valuable, so hiring managers won’t spend it on a cover letter that isn’t concise and to the point.

Expert tips for writing a cover letter

We’ve gone over the basics of how to write a good cover letter. Here are some expert tips for formatting and how to make your cover letter even better.

Format your contact information correctly

Before diving into the content of your cover letter, it’s important to format the contact details and header correctly. You’ll need to include your name, full address, phone number, and email address.

Here’s an example:

Personalize your greeting

To whom should you address your cover letter to? “For maximum impact, see if you can find the hiring manager or recruiter for the role, and send your letter to them,” says career coach Susan Schwarz . “Addressing your letter to a specific person will significantly increase the likelihood of someone reading it.”

Check the company’s website or LinkedIn profile to find the name of the hiring manager. However, if you can’t find a specific name, “Dear Hiring Manager” will suffice.

To end a cover letter, you can use “best regards” or “kind regards” followed by your full name.

Show your personality

While it’s important to maintain a professional tone in your cover letter, don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through. But remember, you don’t want to overdo it—keep it concise and relevant .

Here are some ways to show your personality in your cover letter:

• Briefly mention a specific project or experience you enjoyed.
• Highlight a distinctive skill or trait that sets you apart.
• Talk about how your values align with the company’s mission or culture.
• Describe a unique volunteer experience.

Emphasize your adaptability

According to LinkedIn , the top “skill of the moment” is adaptability . This means being open to new ideas, ready to pivot when needed, and always looking for ways to improve. In a world where the only constant is change, being adaptable can set you apart.

Here’s an example of how to incorporate adaptability into your cover letter:

“In my previous role as a CPG retail sales merchandiser, I consistently demonstrated my ability to adjust to changing market conditions, customer preferences, and sales strategies. This adaptability allowed me to increase sales by 25% in a highly competitive market.”

Show enthusiasm

Research shows that 40% of employers would not hire a candidate if they lacked enthusiasm. Remember, you’re much more attractive to employers when you’re on fire .

Here’s an example of how to show enthusiasm for the company you’re applying to:

“I’ve long admired Weissman’s commitment to the dance community and the artistry of your costumes. Your dedication to empowering performances and celebrating creativity is inspiring, and I’m excited about the opportunity to join your passionate team.”

Balance professionalism with friendliness

Try to strike a balance between a professional and friendly tone. Don’t use overly formal language, but make sure your writing is polished and error-free. Use humor sparingly, as it can be easily misinterpreted.

This approach helps you come across as both competent and personable, making you an ideal candidate.

Cover letter do’s and don’ts

• Do personalize . Address your cover letter to a specific person whenever possible.
• Do be concise . Keep your cover letter to one page.
• Do show enthusiasm . Mention specific reasons why you want to work there.
• Do include measurable accomplishments . These are achievements that can be quantified , such as increasing sales by a percentage.
• Do show your personality . Share brief anecdotes or unique experiences relevant to the job.
• Do be professional yet friendly . Avoid overly formal language.
• Do proofread your cover letter. A single mistake can damage your chances of getting an interview.
• Do include a call to action. Suggest scheduling a meeting or a call.
• Don’t be too formal . Strike a balance between professionalism and friendliness.
• Don’t overuse humor . Humor can be easily misinterpreted or come off as unprofessional.
• Don’t repeat your resume . Your cover letter should complement your resume, not repeat it.
• Don’t include irrelevant information. Focus only on what’s most relevant to the job you’re applying for.
• Don’t use clichés . Phrases like “I am a hard worker” or “I think outside the box” are overused and add little value.
• Don’t make excuses . Avoid explaining gaps in employment or other potential negatives.
• Don’t forget to tailor each letter . Customizing each cover letter will help it pass through Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS).

Cover letter examples

Here are a few cover letter examples that show how to highlight your skills, show your personality, and match your experiences with the job.

Cover letter example for someone with no work experience

Starting your career can be challenging, especially when you don’t have much experience to showcase. But don’t worry—a well-written cover letter can highlight your strengths and potential.

• Addresses the company’s needs : The letter begins by acknowledging the challenges the company faces, demonstrating an understanding of the industry and the company’s needs.
• Offers a solution : The candidate clearly states how they can provide value by offering a fresh perspective and innovative ideas.
• Highlights relevant experience : Even with limited work experience, the letter mentions a successful internship project that aligns with the job’s requirements.
• Shows enthusiasm and passion : The mention of a passion for sustainability and eagerness to contribute to the company’s efforts showcases the candidate’s genuine interest.
• Proposes next steps : The call to action is clear and professional, suggesting a meeting to discuss how the candidate can contribute, which shows initiative and confidence.

Cover letter example for someone changing careers

Changing careers can be a bold and exciting move, especially when you have a strong foundation of transferable skills. The following example of a cover letter demonstrates how to effectively highlight your previous experience and enthusiasm for a new industry.

• Engaging opening : Starts with a bold question that captures attention and sets the tone for the rest of the letter.
• Clear value proposition : Quickly establishes how the candidate’s project management skills can benefit the finance industry.
• Relevant experience : Highlights a specific project that showcases the candidate’s ability to improve efficiency and manage complex tasks.
• Expresses enthusiasm : Shows genuine excitement about the career change and the specific company.
• Call to action : Concludes with a clear and confident call to action, suggesting a meeting to discuss how the candidate can contribute to the company’s success.

Cover letter example for someone re-entering the workforce

Re-entering the workforce after a significant break can be challenging, but it’s also an opportunity to showcase your resilience and the valuable skills you’ve developed during your time away.

The following cover letter example demonstrates how to effectively address employment gaps while highlighting your strengths and enthusiasm for the role.

• Strong opening statement : The cover letter begins with a compelling statement about the importance of adaptability and innovation, setting a positive and forward-thinking tone.
• Addresses employment gap : It acknowledges the employment gap upfront, providing context without dwelling on it, which demonstrates honesty and transparency.
• Highlights relevant experience : The letter emphasizes past accomplishments and specific projects, showcasing the candidate’s skills and ability to deliver results.
• Shows enthusiasm for the role : The candidate expresses excitement about re-entering the workforce and aligns their values with the company’s mission.
• Proposes next steps : It ends with a clear call to action, suggesting a meeting to discuss how the candidate can contribute to the company’s success.

Generate a perfectly crafted cover letter in seconds

If you’re still having trouble writing your cover letter, try Jobscan’s AI cover letter generator . It analyzes both your resume and the job ad to create a completely original cover letter customized for the job you’re applying for.

To learn more about how the cover letter generator works, watch this brief video:

You can try Jobscan’s cover letter generator for free below:

Key takeaways

Follow these key takeaways to write a compelling cover letter that sets you apart from other candidates and opens doors to new career opportunities.

• Write with the employer’s needs in mind. Explain how you can address their specific challenges and contribute to their goals.
• Keep it brief . Use short sentences and paragraphs to make it easy for hiring managers to scan quickly.
• Address your letter to a specific person . If you can’t find a name, “Dear Hiring Manager” will suffice.
• Showcase your relevant experience. Use specific examples to demonstrate your abilities.
• Inject your personality. Share brief anecdotes or unique experiences relevant to the job.
• End with a strong call to action . Suggest a meeting or a call to discuss how you can contribute to the company’s success.
• Proofread your letter. A single error can torpedo your chances at getting an interview.
• Show enthusiasm. Showing excitement and a willingness to learn can make you a more attractive candidate.

A cover letter should be one page long, consisting of three to four paragraphs. The total word count should be around 250-400 words.

When you don’t have a specific name, you can use “Dear Hiring Manager.” Avoid using “To Whom It May Concern,” as it is considered old-fashioned.

When emailing a cover letter, use a clear subject line like “Application for Content Developer – [Your Name].” Paste your cover letter into the email body. Attach your resume.

Yes, a cover letter is necessary because good first impressions are important. By highlighting your qualifications and showing enthusiasm for the role, you can gain an advantage over someone who doesn’t send one.

Employers look for personalization in a cover letter, showing that it’s tailored to the specific job and company. Highlight relevant experience and skills that match the job requirements. Include specific achievements that demonstrate your capabilities and contributions.

Yes. Providing specific examples of your achievements helps demonstrate your skills and qualifications, making your application more compelling to employers.

A cover letter starts with your contact information, first and last name, the date, and the employer’s details. Begin with an introduction about your suitability for the role. Include a brief section highlighting relevant experience and skills with examples. Conclude by asking for an interview.

The primary goals of a simple cover letter are to make a good impression, get someone to read your resume, and offer you a job interview. It also shows you have good communication skills, which are highly valuable in today’s workforce.

The opening sentence should state the problem the company faces or pose a thought-provoking question to grab the hiring manager’s attention.

Robert Henderson, CPRW, is a career advice writer and a resume expert at Jobscan.

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How to write a great cover letter

A cover letter is your chance to introduce yourself to a potential employer and spark their interest in reading your resume.

When you’re prepping job applications, a cover letter might seem like an afterthought compared to your resume. But your cover letter is worth just as much attention . That doesn’t mean it needs to be overly detailed – in fact, a simple single page is best.

Here are the key points to know about cover letters, plus the steps to follow to write one.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a short letter that accompanies your resume when you apply for a role. It’s often the first point of contact you make with a potential employer, hiring manager or recruiter for a job application.

It’s a way to give the employer a sense of who you are, highlighting your skills and experience, before they read the information in your resume. Just as if you were meeting someone for the first time, you’d introduce yourself first before getting into the detail.

Sometimes, a short email can take the place of a cover letter, but the way you write it is much the same.

Take a look at this article comparing an average cover letter to a great one to help you see how to craft yours well.

How does a cover letter compare to your resume?

Your resume and cover letter complement each other but do slightly different things. Your resume summarises the key details of your skills, work experience and education. Resumes are best formatted with bullet points and broken into sections with subheadings, across about two pages.

A cover letter is shorter and sharper: a single page is best. It’s also more of a conversation opener – you’re speaking to the person responsible for the role you’re applying for, expressing your interest in the job and showing them why you’re a good fit for it.

The language in a cover letter is more personal. For example, a social worker’s resume might include, Redeveloped community youth program, increasing participation by 20 per cent. But in a cover letter you can write in the first person, which might read as, I’m a dedicated and driven social worker, with a strong commitment to supporting disadvantaged youth. It’s a chance to describe your skills and experiences in a way that also gives some insight into you and your career.

How to write your cover letter

• Start with a brief introduction about yourself and why you’re writing. Mention the job you’re applying for and your interest in it.
• Give a snapshot of the relevant skills, experience and qualifications you have that relate to the job. Think about the key two or three points in your resume and explaining these in a way that links them to why you’d be great for the role.
• Give examples of your skills or mention how you’ve used them – you might need to do this in more detail if the job ad requests that you address selection criteria.
• Note that your resume is attached. To finish, you can say that you’d welcome the opportunity to meet to discuss the role, or that you’re happy to provide more information, before signing off.

How to make your cover letter stand out

A cover letter should be engaging – you want to capture the interest of the person reading it so that they turn to your resume to find out more.

It’s also about showing the employer how your skills and experience are a good match for the role. That’s why you should always create a cover letter especially for the role you’re applying for – it shouldn’t be a generic letter. These tips can help you tailor your cover letter to the job.

A good cover letter can also demonstrate your written communication skills. Write for the environment you’re applying to: if it’s a more informal workplace or a creative type of work, don’t be afraid to inject some personal style into your writing to stand out.

Reading the 5 things employers wish they could say about cover letters and what recruiters look for in cover letters can also help you to write one that will impress.

Quick tips for improving your cover letter

• Use clear, concise language. It’s best to avoid complicated or flowery wording.
• Avoid overly long sentences. Try reading it aloud to see if there are any you struggle with.
• Always tailor your cover letter to the job. An application is all about showing how you’re a good fit for the role on offer, and you don’t want your cover letter to seem reused.
• Rather than writing ‘To whom it may concern’ or ‘Dear Sir or Madam’, find out who to address your letter to; you could phone the company to ask. It’s more personal that way and shows you’ve taken initiative.
• Triple check your spelling and grammar. Try printing your letter out then coming back to it fresh, or get someone with a keen eye to look over it for you.
• Keep your letter to around 250-350 words on a single page.
• Take a look at these examples of cover letters written by successful job seekers .

Writing your cover letter might feel intimidating at first when you’re facing a blank page. But by following these steps and tips, you can focus on crafting a cover letter that captures what you can bring to the role and makes a winning impression to the employer.

• Why your personal brand is so important now – and how to build it
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How to Write a Cover Letter

What’s a Cover Letter?

How to write a cover letter in five steps, additional cover letter writing tips, cover letter examples, text-only cover letter examples, cover letter frequently asked questions.

A great cover letter highlights the most relevant and compelling aspects of your professional achievements, industry expertise, and qualifications. It also needs to convey why you’re drawn to a particular job or hiring organization. See below to learn about this writing approach and how you can write a cover letter that gets you more interviews for your next career opportunity.

A cover letter is a short letter that you send when applying for a job. While a resume shows you’re qualified for a job, it doesn’t allow you to speak to employers directly like a cover letter does. In today’s job search, hiring managers don’t just need to know you’re a great employee – they must see that you’re a great employee for their organization.

That’s why writing a cover letter is useful: It bridges the communication gap between your resume and an interview. In your cover letter’s first paragraph, you can tell a manager specifically why you’re attracted to their job opening or organization. You can also reveal more about your soft skills or communication style and provide context for issues such as employment gaps . Details like these may be crucial to starting a good conversation with a manager or recruiter.

Brainstorm key points

Before starting work on a personalized cover letter, you’ll need:

• A working draft of your resume
• A job posting or description you plan on pursuing

Once you have those two items, take 10 minutes to brainstorm and jot down on a blank document or sheet of paper why this job interests you. What does the role or organization share with your background or goals? For instance, maybe it’s an outside sales role in an industry you’re eager to return to. Or maybe the company’s brand or business model appeals to you somehow.

Research the employer. If a job posting gives few details on the hiring company, visit their website for more info. In addition to the home page, look at their “About Us” or “Careers” pages. Also, visit any linked social media pages to see how they present themselves. Are they formal and sophisticated, or down-to-earth and approachable? Figuring out the company’s voice makes it easier to strike the right tone in your cover letter.

When you’re done brainstorming, review your notes: Do any stand out as important or persuasive? Take another 10 minutes to brainstorm and elaborate on them. Repeat this process until you have at least two or three concise sentences that speak to the job opening at hand.

I’m interested in applying for the marketing manager position at Cadence Inc. Your brand’s product set and focus on corporate clients are ideal fits for my skills and experience. As a results-driven professional with deep knowledge of local markets, I can help your team significantly increase its revenue in 2024.

In your cover letter’s first paragraph, show hiring managers you read their job posting and are responding to it directly. It helps distinguish your cover letter from your resume. This also gets you past applicant tracking systems and sets the stage for a good discussion about how you fit the role and the office’s work culture.

This approach takes longer than sending the same generic letter for each application. But it can shorten your overall job search by getting you more interviews for jobs that truly interest you.

To write a great cover letter, you need to structure one effectively. Each section should have a clear goal. From the introduction to your conclusion, your top priority should be focusing on impactful achievements that demonstrate the value you can bring to potential employers. The cover letter needs to tell your story and illustrate your career journey differently from the resume, exploring your nuances as an industry professional.

Your cover letter format should include the following sections:

• Heading and contact information
• Hook or introduction
• Body paragraphs

Below, we’ll walk you through each step of the cover letter writing process:

1. Header and contact information

The header of your cover letter should list all essential contact information, including your name, phone number, email, address, and LinkedIn URL. This allows the hiring manager to easily reach out for more information or to schedule you for an interview. Be sure to also feature your job title as the first item in your header.

Contact Information Example

Savannah Bateman Sales Representative | [email protected] | (678) 901-2345 | Columbus, OH 01234 | LinkedIn

February 11, 2024

Emma Neal Senior Hiring Manager Staples (543) 210-9876 [email protected]

2. Salutation

You must appropriately greet the hiring manager with your cover letter opening. We recommend addressing them by name — Mr. or Ms. [Last Name]. If you’re uncertain of the person’s gender, simply write their first and last name. If you can’t find their name, use a variation of “Dear Hiring Manager.” This shows you’ve researched the company before applying and you’re fully engaged in the job application process. It’s best to avoid salutations such as “Dear Sir/Madam” or “To Whom It May Concern,” as this language feels less direct and personal.

Salutation Examples

Dear Ms. Young,

Dear Mr. Jackson,

Dear Pat Martin,

Dear Sales Hiring Manager,

3. Introduction

Building a powerful introduction is the key to making a strong first impression on the hiring manager. This sets the tone for your cover letter and allows you to immediately send a clear message that you’re the ideal candidate for the position. Highlight your years of experience and convey your interest in the opportunity. But the hook of your cover letter’s first paragraph should come in the form of a stunning career achievement.

Leading with an accomplishment that you can quantify using a powerful number or metric is a great way to maximize the impact of your cover letter opening. Select an achievement relevant to the position you’re targeting, effectively showcasing your industry knowledge and expertise. Not only does this demonstrate your past success, but it also communicates how you can positively impact future employers.

Cover Letter Introduction Example #1

With over 10 years of experience within the energy industry, I’ve managed various multi-million-dollar initiatives to bring green energy solutions to the market for Clean Power Corp. My ability to create strategic partnerships with enterprise customers and C-level executives would create immense value for your company as the new senior vice president of energy.

Cover Letter Introduction Example #2

As you can see from my attached resume, I have an advanced background in human-centered design and visual storytelling. During my time with Ultimate Wedding Planner, I developed the user interface (UI) for the launch of a new mobile application for wedding planning services, which generated over 2 million downloads within one year. My experience in application development will allow me to thrive in the user experience (UX) designer position with your organization.

Cover Letter Introduction Example #3

In my first year as a registered nurse at Temple Hospital, I achieved patient satisfaction ratings of over 93%. As a nursing professional, I’m passionate and dedicated to providing superior care to my patients using evidence-based approaches to treatment. My clinical knowledge will allow me to achieve positive outcomes for patients at your esteemed hospital.

4. Body paragraphs

The body paragraphs serve as the core of your cover letter, allowing you to describe your professional experience in more detail. Start by mentioning specifics about the company’s reputation, mission statement, products, or culture. Describe why this sparks your interest in the opportunity and how you can support the organization’s goals.

Feature a mix of accomplishments that capture the most compelling aspects of your career. In addition to quantifying your achievements, be sure to provide examples of your leadership capabilities and interpersonal skills, as it’s important to show potential employers that you’re the right fit for the team’s culture. Consider adding a bulleted list of career highlights to break up the monotony of the text on the page and maximize the readability of your cover letter.

Cover Letter Body Paragraphs Example #1:

As an executive within the energy space, I identify with West Coast Solar’s mission statement of driving the expansion of renewable energy to combat climate change. My extensive background in providing green energy solutions would aid in this mission based on my career accomplishments:

• Led strategic initiatives to reduce carbon emissions in energy portfolios for enterprise clients valued at up to $300 million by delivering wind, solar, and nuclear energy solutions
• Structured energy transactions valued at up to $120 million and coordinated with the CEO and executive team to identify risk factors and negotiate purchases
• Reduced carbon footprint for enterprise customers by 5% to 15%

Cover Letter Body Paragraphs Example #2:

PeopleSoft’s reputation as a thought leader within the HR software space draws me to apply for the position. My experience as a UX designer for both Employee Software Inc. and LinkedIn has allowed me to cultivate a holistic, human-centered approach that matches the needs of your organization. I can continue to grow your reputation as an industry leader based on the following achievements from my career:

• Managed a team of over 25 UX designers for Employee Software Inc. and interfaced with stakeholders and C-level executives to recommend large-scale redesigns for the mobile UI
• Improved the UX for LinkedIn’s website in coordination with a team of web developers and UX designers, which improved user satisfaction by 15%
• Drove UI development and conducted wireframing for the launch of LinkedIn’s mobile app, which generated 3 million downloads over six months

Cover Letter Body Paragraphs Example #3:

Impossible Foods’ mission to provide ethically sourced, environmentally sustainable meat alternatives strongly aligns with my core values as a brand ambassador within the plant-based food space. I can aid your brand in continuing to improve its market share based on the following achievements from my career:

• Managed overarching marketing strategy for vegan burgers and hotdog product lines, generating $2.5 million in annual revenue, which included conducting market research on target demographics
• Improved annual sales for plant-based burger products by $450,000 by improving packaging and visual merchandising to emphasize environmental sustainability
• Coordinated with media outlets to manage public relations and press releases for new product releases and media coverage of production methods

5. Conclusion

The closing paragraph of your cover letter is your last opportunity to impress the hiring manager. To finish on a strong note, include a call to action (CTA) that invites the hiring manager to schedule an interview or reach out for more information. Reinforce how your industry expertise and career experience can create value for your target company and help their team continue to excel. In the last sentence of your cover letter, thank the reader for their time and consideration, as being courteous also conveys your professionalism.

Cover Letter Closing Paragraph Example #1:

I look forward to telling you more about how my background in renewable energy can help drive the adoption of green energy solutions across your customer base. You can contact me for an interview at your convenience. Thank you for your consideration.

Cover Letter Closing Paragraph Example #2:

I hope to speak with you further regarding how my knowledge of eco-friendly design features aligns with your organization’s mission. Feel free to contact me via phone or email at your convenience. I appreciate your time and consideration.

John Bergsen

Cover Letter Closing Paragraph Example #3:

I would like to schedule an interview to provide more insights into how my HR management experience can help Cigna Health improve recruiting efforts and enhance employee engagement. Feel free to contact me via phone or email at your convenience. I appreciate your time and consideration.

Anthony Gentile

Align your cover letter with the job description

Tailoring your content according to the needs of individual employers is essential for any successful job application. As you review the posting, reflect on how your industry knowledge and background match the company’s needs.

Identify exactly what potential employers are looking for in a candidate and feature specific skill sets that match the job description. Emphasize how your core values are aligned with the organization’s mission statement. Although this additional customization can be time-consuming, your chances of landing the interview are sure to increase drastically.

Quantify your professional achievements

Writing a cover letter that stands out in today’s competitive job market is no easy task. With an overabundance of qualified applicants, you need to push your cover letter toward the top of the pile. Quantifying your achievements is one of the best ways to accomplish this.

Incorporating hard numbers, metrics, and monetary figures fulfills several objectives. First, it establishes a sense of scope for your achievements and helps to paint a much clearer image of your professional experience. Another added benefit is that numbers naturally draw the reader’s eye. In a cover letter with detailed paragraphs, this can help entice the hiring manager to engage with your content more thoroughly.

Feature your leadership and communication skills

Although your industry expertise should always be at the forefront of your cover letter, it’s important not to neglect your interpersonal skills. Companies want to see you can collaborate effectively in diverse, team-based environments. Rather than simply saying you’re a strong leader or communicator, convey these skill sets by featuring tangible examples from your work history.

For instance, if you were managing a team, focus on how you helped develop your team members and put them in a position to succeed. Showcase how you helped to cultivate inclusive and collaborative work cultures to drive employee engagement and retention. These insights are far more compelling than simply mentioning mundane details related to task delegation.

Proofread your cover letter repeatedly

With such a limited window to make a lasting impression on the hiring manager, the last thing you need holding you back is poor grammar or spelling errors. These mistakes are highly distracting for the reader, effectively drawing their attention away from your qualifications. A hastily written cover letter also sends a message to hiring managers that you lack attention to detail, which is key for almost any profession.

Editor Cover Letter Examples

Human Resources Cover Letter Examples

Customer Success Manager Cover Letter Examples

• Human Resources
• Customer Success Manager

Candace Brown  Editor | [email protected] | (123) 456-7890 | Portland, OR 12345 | LinkedIn

January 1, 2024

Allen Jones Hiring Manager Innovate Web Solutions (987) 654-3210 [email protected]

Dear Mr. Jones,

As the senior editor at Portland Web Creators Inc., I oversaw all aspects of copy editing and quality assurance for over 300 web pages across a diverse client base. I identified opportunities to enhance content quality and improve search engine optimization (SEO) performance, resulting in a 30% increase in repeat business. I’m confident my marketing and web page development expertise would be a strong asset for the editor position at your organization.

Innovate Web Solution’s reputation for producing dynamic web content draws me to apply for this position. As a senior editor, I pride myself on my ability to enhance brand messaging for client websites. I believe my experience in editing and content development will continue to grow your prestigious reputation based on the following accomplishments from my career:

• Led the development, editing, and publishing of web page copy for client accounts valued at up to $130,000 and managed a team of over 20 copywriters, editors, and marketing specialists
• Performed quality assurance reviews on drafts from the creative team and identified opportunities to refine language, brand messaging, and keyword optimization, which generated increases of 50% to 100% in organic traffic for customer sites
• Coordinated cross-functionally with graphic designers, web developers, and client stakeholders to ensure alignment with brand identity and customer goals

I would like to schedule an interview to provide more insights into how my editing and SEO experience can help drive success for your clients. Feel free to contact me at your earliest convenience for any additional questions you may have. I appreciate your time and consideration.

Candace Brown

John Smith Human Resource Manager |  [email protected]  | (1654) 739-9183 | 678 Location Rd., San Antonio, TX 78206

February 9, 2024

Julie Jefferson Senior Hiring Officer The People Company (346) 024-7536 [email protected]

Dear Ms. Jefferson,

In my current position, I implemented a new employee retention plan, which resulted in a 50% reduction in the total employee turnover rate within the company. The retention plan included an employee wellness program, additional staff benefits and an internal promotions program. I believe this is a great example of my success and demonstrates that I could be a great asset to The People Company’s team.

With 12 years of experience in Human Resources and a degree in Human Resource Management, I was drawn to The People Company because of the firm’s impressive employee retention rate and reputation for high-performing staff.

If I were to secure a role at The People Company, I assure you I will bring an even greater rate of success to the team. My previous accomplishments include:

• Improved employee satisfaction by 28% via an incentive program.
• Increased the speed of paperwork processing time by 30% in one year.
• Established new application requirements to increase the quality of interviewees.

I would like to set up an interview to discuss further my capabilities, work experience and the benefits I can bring to The People Company team.

P.S. — I’d also like to tell you all about how I was shortlisted for an HR Excellence award!

Selena Ramirez Customer Success Manager | [email protected] | (123) 456-7890 | Miami, FL 12345 | LinkedIn

Rachel Johnson Hiring Manager Advanced Marketing Solutions (987) 654-3210 [email protected]

Dear Ms. Johnson,

At Brand Storytelling Inc., I led the development of the customer success departments and oversaw a team of more than 60 personnel to deliver brand consulting and digital marketing services. By establishing new support models, my team improved client satisfaction scores from 85% to 94% for top accounts. I can achieve similar success for your organization in the customer success manager position.

Advanced Marketing Solutions has a reputation for excellence in its dedication to customer care, which strongly aligns with my professional background. I’m confident I can help your organization continue to enhance its delivery of marketing consulting services based on my career achievements:

• Built, developed, and managed the customer success department and defined strategies to enhance the client experience for accounts valued at up to $15 million
• Coordinated with the director of marketing to refine digital marketing services based on brand objectives and market expansion opportunities, resulting in a 94% customer satisfaction rating
• Led the customer onboarding process, identified opportunities to enhance client engagement, and served as the point of contact for senior management and stakeholders

I would like to schedule an interview to provide more insights into how my expertise in organizational development can help you improve your customer success department. You may contact me via phone or email at your earliest convenience. I appreciate your time and consideration.

Selena Ramirez

Do I really need a cover letter for my job search? -

Yes, in most cases. According to statistics gathered by LinkedIn , over 60% of employers require cover letters from applicants. In addition, over 83% of hiring managers in the study noted that they frequently read cover letters and considered them during the application process. This is also supported by Forbes , who cites a study published by Business and Professional Communication Quarterly. These findings indicated that 56% of employers valued the cover letter as a part of candidate assessment.

What’s the best way to start a cover letter? -

With a clear example of your success in the role you’re after. The concept of “show, don’t tell” absolutely applies to your cover letter’s opening. For instance, don’t just tell the hiring manager you’re a “proactive program manager.” Show you’re proactive by citing a time you exceeded expectations or found a new way to enhance project oversight.

What should my cover letter’s design look like? -

Your resume’s. Carry over all of that document’s basic format settings , like font style, line spacing, and page margins. Also, copy in the exact same contact header.

How long should my cover letter be? -

No more than one page, or around 250 words. Resist the urge to tell your whole career story, even if you have extensive background in your target role. Give just enough detail to pique hiring managers’ interest so they look closely at your resume.

Craft your perfect resume in minutes

Get 2x more interviews with Resume Builder. Access Pro Plan features for a limited time!

Jacob Meade

Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW, ACRW)

Jacob Meade is a resume writer and editor with nearly a decade of experience. His writing method centers on understanding and then expressing each person’s unique work history and strengths toward their career goal. Jacob has enjoyed working with jobseekers of all ages and career levels, finding that a clear and focused resume can help people from any walk of life. He is an Academy Certified Resume Writer (ACRW) with the Resume Writing Academy, and a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) with the Professional Association of Resume Writers & Career Coaches.

Frank Hackett

Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW)

Frank Hackett is a professional resume writer and career consultant with over eight years of experience. As the lead editor at a boutique career consulting firm, Frank developed an innovative approach to resume writing that empowers job seekers to tell their professional stories. His approach involves creating accomplishment-driven documents that balance keyword optimization with personal branding. Frank is a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) with the Professional Association of Resume Writers and Career Coaches (PAWRCC).

Build a Resume to Enhance Your Career

• How to Build a Resume Learn More
• Basic Resume Examples and Templates Learn More
• How Many Jobs Should You List on a Resume? Learn More
• How to Include Personal and Academic Projects on Your Resume Learn More

Essential Guides for Your Job Search

• How to Land Your Dream Job Learn More
• How to Organize Your Job Search Learn More
• How to Include References in Your Job Search Learn More
• The Best Questions to Ask in a Job Interview Learn More

How To Write a CV: Tips, Tools, & Examples for 2024

3 key takeaways

• A CV is a comprehensive record of your professional experience.
• There are nine steps and several best practices for writing a good CV.
• Teal's CV Builder can help you create and store multiple CVs that align with each unique opportunity.

A strong CV has long been one of the best ways to advance in specialized fields.

In areas like academia, research, law, and even when applying to graduate school, your CV isn't just a thrown-together document of responsibilities or courses—it’s a comprehensive record of your academic and professional journey. And you have to get it right because a poorly constructed CV can derail opportunities before they even start.

But CVs aren’t limited to specialized fields anymore—companies and organizations now ask for them when they need a more thorough record of specific experience.

Below, you'll learn how to write a CV. From the best practices for creating your base and writing your personal statement to how to add grants and incorporate fellowships. Whether updating an existing CV or starting from scratch, this guide will help you construct a document representing your expertise and potential.

Looking to write or update a CV? Try Teal's CV Builder to create one that aligns with every unique opportunity.

Basics of a CV

A CV is a comprehensive record of your professional experience. Also known by the Latin "Curriculum Vitae," a CV tells a thorough story of your career, academic accomplishments, and intellectual contributions—unlike the snapshot approach of a resume. CVs are often used in fields like academia, research, and international job applications, where a detailed understanding of your qualifications is needed.

All of that to say, companies (and even institutions) requesting CVs over a resume are looking for a more complete picture of your background.

Difference between a CV and resume

A CV and resume are different in length and scope.

A resume is a concise, one to three-page, high-level summary focused on your most relevant skills and experiences for a specific job.

In contrast, a CV can be longer and include additional sections like research or presentations. The structure of a CV also varies with certain sections—like a Personal Statement replacing a resume's Professional Summary. 

You should opt for a CV over a resume when applying for academic positions, research roles, grants or when specifically requested.

It's also important to note that even though a CV is more detailed when applying within the US, you should still emphasize the experiences and skills most relevant to the position.

‍ Essential elements of a CV

It's vital to include the right sections in your CV, as missing key info can weaken your application. A job-winning CV with clear, organized sections offers a holistic view of your qualifications. Missing parts might not provide a good picture of your experience.

To make sure your CV is strong (and competitive if you're using it for a job search), ensure it's thorough and covers all the necessary details.

Here are the CV sections you need:

• Contact Information
• Personal Statement
• Career Experience
• Certifications

Optional sections:

Teaching Experience

Publications and presentations.

• Professional Associations or Volunteer Work

How to write a CV

Whether you're writing your CV from square one or updating an outdated document, streamlining this process all comes down to clear steps.

Below, you'll learn the right way to:

• Prepare for making a CV
• Select a CV format
• Present your contact info
• Write your personal statement
• Build your career experience 
• Focus on your education and certifications
• Include specific hard skills
• Incorporate other optional details

Now, when it comes to how to write a CV, you can do this in one of two ways:

• Create a base CV with every job, achievement, metric, skill, etc., which you then customize for each application by pulling the most relevant details.
• Create your CV from scratch each time you apply, tailoring it specifically to the role you're targeting.

While a base CV takes more time on the front end, it can help significantly cut the time it takes to apply for every unique job.

For ease, the content below is focused on creating your CV for a unique job—something you'll need to know how to do regardless of how you opt to build your CV.

Managing multiple CVs

As you apply for different opportunities, you'll need to find the best way to manage multiple versions of your CV.

As each prospect requires a slightly different emphasis on your skills and experience, version control becomes not just important but crucial in managing multiple CVs.

You can do this in two ways:

• Opt to save each CV to a specific folder (whether on your computer or in a cloud). In addition to the unique CV, you need to manually save the JD or the overview so you know which CV goes with what opportunity.
• Use a comprehensive platform (Teal, for example) that allows you to save as many CVs and opportunities as you need to. You'll want to be sure the platform permits you to attach specific CVs to specific opportunities, so you've never left scrambling to remember what application materials you sent where.

Step 1: Get organized

Getting organized is crucial before you start writing your CV.  Here are four things to do before you start:

• Gather career details: Make sure you have current and accurate company details, start and end dates, each job title, quantifiable contributions, and a list of skills.
• Document education: Take note of schools attended, degrees earned, and all current certifications. If you're a recent graduate, jot down courses, awards (or qualifications if you're outside the US), your GPA, and projects.
• Compile online profiles: Create a list of online profiles, including LinkedIn, websites, or portfolio links.
• Build your base: If you're planning on creating a base CV, you'd then put all of this information into a CV builder, doc, or CV template.

Step 2: Choose your format

The layout of your CV is the foundation. The format you use helps shape the presentation of your experience.

The best CV formats ensure you highlight your qualifications clearly and thoroughly.

Here are a few things to consider:

• The most widely recognized format is the reverse chronological CV. It presents your career experience in a clear, linear progression.
• If you're just starting out, pivoting careers, or working in an industry where tools and software are a focus, a skills-based CV might be appropriate, as the Skills section sits just above your Career Experience section.
• In choosing your format, consider your career, what you're applying for, and which design best conveys your accomplishments.

Best CV design

Your CV presentation goes beyond content. The look, feel, and readability shape a first impression. As you make it, you need to consider elements like spacing, font, margins, and more. Traditionally CVs are also two columns, so planning for this is a must.

If you're using a CV builder, a lot of these pieces are considered and customizable after you've input your details—saving time and skipping manual work. But if you're building a CV outside of a streamlined builder, here are some tips:

• Use a template: Free CV templates help maintain a consistent format and make your CV visually appealing right from the start.
• Keep it clear: Clarity is key. Use simple fonts and consistent formatting to make your CV easy to read. Avoid overcrowding the page with text.
• Include white space: Adequate spacing between sections makes your CV easier to scan and prevents it from looking cluttered.
• Use bullet points: Bullet points are a great way to highlight your professional success without a block of overwhelming text.

Once you've organized your assets, potentially uploaded them all in one central location (depending on the method you've chosen), and selected a format, it's time to learn how to write a CV for a specific job.

Step 3: Add contact details

The first section is your Contact Information section. It might sound simple, but one wrong number or character in your email address could potentially prevent a committee, hiring manager, or recruiter from being able to reach you for a follow-up or job interview.

Your CV Contact Information section sits at the top and should include:

• Phone number
• City and State (If you're outside the US, consider opting for your full physical address.)
• Professional email address
• LinkedIn profile URL 
• Portfolio or personal website URL (if applicable)

Example of how to write a CV Contact section

Full name as your CV header Location | Phone number | Email address | LinkedIn URL | Portfolio or website URL

Step 4: Write your personal statement

Your personal statement (the equivalent of a resume professional summary) is a brief snapshot of your most impressive outcomes.

Rather than a CV objective that talks about your goals and isn't relevant in the US, this section is a highlight reel—zeroing in on top accomplishments, skills, and qualifications.

Your personal statement should be tailored to the job application, using language and keywords from the job description to highlight your relevant skills, impact, and qualifications. 

Here's how to write one:

• Keep it brief; between three to five sentences
• Use the first-person voice
• Use action verbs that indicate movement. For example, words like "developed" and "executed"
• Avoid generic buzzwords or clichés
• Align your statement with the rest of your CV

When creating academic CVs, a personal statement might align more with a research statement or statement of teaching philosophy.

Here's an academic CV example of a personal statement:

With 10+ years of experience in cognitive psychology, my teaching philosophy centers on fostering critical thinking and inclusivity. I developed a focused approach to research, executing over 10 studies using mixed-methods methodologies to explore cognitive development in diverse learning environments. This work resulted in three peer-reviewed publications and a 15% increase in student engagement through active learning strategies while mentoring over 20 graduate students in applying evidence-based research methods to their studies and professional growth.

Writing a personal statement with no experience

If you're new to your career, writing a CV personal statement without relevant work experience means you need to concentrate on other achievements.

Consider focusing on:

• Coursework with tangible skills
• Projects and the outcome
• Relevant volunteer experience
• Leadership roles in clubs or organizations
• Certifications you've obtained
• Software and tools you've used

If you're your personal statement with no experience, it could look something like the graduate CV example below.

As a recent biology graduate with a minor in statistics, I bring hands-on experience in cutting-edge genetic research techniques. While at Purdue, I developed a novel CRISPR gene editing approach that improved editing efficiency by 18% in model organisms. I'm proficient in PCR, gel electrophoresis, and next-generation sequencing, with practical application through advanced lab courses and a summer internship at Purdue's Genomics Center. I'm also experienced in research communication, having presented findings at two regional conferences and co-authored a peer-reviewed article on emerging gene therapy technologies.

Step 5: Build your Career Experience section

If you're following reverse chronological order, next is your Career Experience section. This is the equivalent of a resume's Professional Experience. The job of this CV section is to bridge your background with the opportunity you're applying for—emphasizing your career's depth, relevance, and impact.

Here's what you should focus on:

Every position and achievement you highlight should be relevant to the role.

For example, if you're applying for a research role in computational sciences, your experience in optimizing algorithms to reduce processing time by 40 percent would be highly relevant. However, the same experience might need different emphasis when applying for a professor position, where your ability to simplify complex concepts for college students would take priority."

Quantifiable bullet points

Focusing on metrics, numbers, and impact in your Career Experience section provides concrete evidence of your contributions. Quantifiable bullets demonstrate the actual difference you made in your roles.

Why metrics matter:

• Provide concrete evidence of success
• Demonstrate value
• Show clear impact

This can look like increased efficiency, time-savings, increase in publication rate, grant funding outcomes, and other measurable results.

The core of your experience is your accomplishments and their impact. The best way to write each bullet is by using the following formula:

Action Verb + Noun + Metric + [Optional Strategy] + Outcome = 1 bullet point

Here are some CV examples of bullet points:

Developed a data analysis pipeline using Python and Pandas that improved the accuracy of experimental results by 15%, leading to more reliable findings and 3X publications in peer-reviewed journals. Developed and implemented a laboratory management system using LabArchives that optimized resource tracking and utilization, reducing lab material waste by 15% and lowering operational costs by $20,000 annually.

Consistency

Consistency is key in the Career Experience section of your CV. Every relevant role should showcase the same type of information:

• Company name
• Dates of employment
• 3-5 achievement-based bullet points

Teal Note:   If you're applying outside of the US, your career experience section may be more comprehensive and include additional details like job responsibilities. It also might need to cover other non-relevant experiences in a specific order. These details depend on the best practices in the region you're applying and your specific industry.

Step 6: Add your educational background

Next up is your CV's Education section. This section is pretty straightforward and highlights your academic background and the foundational knowledge or specialized training needed for a specific position.

Start your list with your highest level of education first (this usually flows in a reverse-chronological format), then move backward, listing each subsequent degree or educational qualification. 

Here's what you should include:

• Year graduated
• For international applicants, spell out the location and institution's name

Recent grads:

• Honors (outside of the US, these are called qualifications)
• Your expected graduation date if you're pursuing a degree

Teal Note: The Education, Certifications, and Skills sections should be displayed in the right column of your CV. A CV builder or template should handle this formatting for you. And the order of the sections will vary based on your preference and the importance of each section in your industry.

If you're creating your CV without a streamlined tool, you'll need to ensure the formatting aligns with standard CV practices to maintain a professional and organized appearance.

Step 7: Include relevant certifications

A dedicated CV Certification section highlights your credentials, offering insight into your commitment to professional development.

To incorporate certifications into your CV, you need:

• The name of the certification and any common acronyms or abbreviations (like CRA or TEFL)
• The certification agency with business, institution, or organization name
• The date the certification was completed

CV Certifications should look something like this:

Certified Research Administrator (CRA) Research Administrators Certification Council June 2023

Step 8: Add your skills

Your CV Skills section comes after your certifications (or education if you don't have relevant certificates). Think of this as a snapshot of your strengths, allowing hiring managers to assess your fit for the role without reading your entire CV. 

The best skills for this section are tangible ones (think technical abilities, tools, languages, methodologies, and analytical techniques). To make it even easier to read, consider organizing them even further in categories.

Pro Tip: While soft skills are an important part of your skillset, there are better places for them than this dedicated section. Things like communication, collaboration, organization, and time management are hard to measure objectively. The best way to show skills like those is to weave them into your other CV sections to show how you used them for impact.

Step 9: Add optional sections

Now that you have all of the necessary CV sections, you might have additional relevant details you want to include, like publications and presentations or additional teaching experience. Creating dedicated sections for this information is the key to keeping everything clear and readable. 

CVs are often used for research positions like academic research roles, postdoctoral fellowships, or research scientist positions. These positions require more in-depth experience and expertise than listed on a traditional resume—which is why a CV is often preferred.

In your Research CV section, highlight the following information:

• Projects completed : Detail the scope and objectives
• Your role(s) in each : Specify your responsibilities (e.g., principal investigator, co-investigator, or research assistant)
• Methodologies and frameworks : Describe the research methods and theoretical frameworks applied
• Findings or outcomes and impact : Summarize the key results, publications, or contributions
• Funding details or sources (if applicable) : Include information on grants or funding sources that supported your research

If you're applying for an academic position, like a graduate school instructor or law school lecturer, your teaching background should be the focus of your Career Experience section.

On the other hand, an additional Teaching Experience section might be worthwhile if you have positions that complement your background or if you're applying for roles where instruction is not the direct focus but still plays a relevant role.

Here's an example of a situation where this optional CV section makes sense:

Imagine you're an attorney applying for a graduate program in legal education, and you've also led workshops in your field. Including a Teaching Experience section allows you to highlight this instructional role, demonstrating your ability to lead and communicate complex ideas—skills crucial to success in a graduate program focused on legal education.

In this section, include the following:

• Courses, workshops, or seminars
• Institutions or organizations
• Specific accomplishments and results

Publications and presentations provide tangible evidence of your expertise, especially in fields like healthcare and medicine, research, law, and education. More than just accomplishments, they prove your abilities through the recognition and validation of your work by others.

Here are some ideas to help you get started:

• Peer-reviewed journal articles showcase your ability to conduct high-quality, rigorous work that experts have validated.
• Book chapters demonstrate your capacity to synthesize complex information, provide new insights, and contribute to broader academic or professional conversations.
• Conference presentations indicate you aren't just absorbing information but actively participating in and contributing.
• Technical reports highlight your ability to document and communicate specific research projects' methodologies, findings, and implications.

Adding awards to a CV offers additional concrete evidence of your skills, dedication, and exceptional performance. And whether the award is a scholarship for academic excellence or recognition for professional accomplishments, if it's relevant to the role or opportunity you're applying for, consider adding it.

In your CV Awards section, add:

Academic awards like making the Dean's List or earning honors

Research grants speak to the value of your research and your ability to write persuasive proposals

Fellowships are competitive and often prestigious

Scholarships underscore your dedication and achievements, reinforcing your qualifications

Professional honors like industry recognition or awards from peers highlight your impact and reputation

A CV awards section could look something like this:

Young Researcher Award (2023) International Synthetic Biology Symposium

Professional Associations and Volunteer Work

Professional associations and volunteering are an important part of your career profile.

Being part of professional associations shows you stay up-to-date on industry trends and best practices, which is crucial in any industry experiencing rapid change. Meanwhile, relevant volunteer work highlights your commitment to giving back to your field and developing leadership or team-oriented skills.

By including these on your CV, you not only show that you are equipped with up-to-date skills and knowledge but also that you are proactive in contributing to your industry or community.

When listing your professional associations, they should look something like:

• Organization names
• Membership status
• Titles or leadership roles held
• Contributions to the organization and impact, if applicable

Tailoring your CV for different applications

In the US, your CV should be comprehensive, but that doesn't mean including everything you've ever done. It's important to keep your content relevant to the opportunity.

Whether you're targeting a job in a specific industry or applying for a graduate program, a well-tailored CV shows you understand what's required and have the right skills and experience. 

Customizing your CV makes it easier for the person reading it to see why you're a strong fit and increases your chances of standing out in a competitive pool of applicants.

How to tailor your CV

If you’re starting from scratch, don’t worry. The process is similar to the one below, but you’ll need to spend a bit more time building out each section following the steps above while keeping the information below in mind for each specific opportunity.

If you started with a base CV, then half of the work is already done. Here’s how to tailor it for a specific job or program:

• Read the JD or application overview : Carefully review the job or program description to understand what the employer or committee is looking for. Identify the top skills, experiences, and qualifications.
• Choose your most relevant details: Go through your base CV and pull the skills and experiences that directly align with the job or program requirements. These are the aspects of your background you want to emphasize.
• Tweak the language to match : Adjust the wording in your CV to mirror the language used in the job description or overview. This doesn’t mean copying it word for word but reflecting the important terms and phrases the reader is likely looking for.

Pro Tip: If you tailor your CV with clarity instead of murky guesswork, the Teal CV Builder has a Match Scoring tool that compares the language and skills in your CV to any unique JD—giving you a breakdown score of how well they align. It also offers suggestions for improvement and customizable keyword options to help improve your original score—and your alignment with the position.

CV ATS compatibility

When applying for jobs through online portals in the US, it's important to understand how Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) work.

An ATS is a digital filing system recruiters use to streamline hiring. These systems scan and organize applications. But, if your CV isn't formatted correctly and can't be parsed or doesn't contain the right keywords a recruiter is searching for once it's scanned into the system, it'll be hard to get in front of a human.

How to make your CV ATS-friendly

• Keep the design simple : Use a straightforward CV layout that's easy for the ATS to scan. Avoid complex formatting that might confuse the system.
• Avoid pictures or graphics : In the US, including images or graphics can cause issues with ATS software, which might not be able to parse them correctly.
• Opt for consistent, clean formatting: Use a consistent font and style throughout your CV, with clear headings and bullet points. Plenty of white space makes your CV easier to scan for both the ATS and recruiters.
• Save as a PDF : Some ATS systems have trouble with different file formats. A PDF is usually the safest bet.
• Include relevant keywords : Review the job description and include keywords matching the required skills and experience. This increases your chances of being found by a human hiring professional searching the ATS.

Write your CV with Teal

A well-crafted CV communicates your professional value and increases your chances of landing more interviews and opportunities. By following the guidelines above, you'll present your achievements and expertise in a clear and organized manner relevant to the person reading it.

If you need help getting started, Teal's CV builder offers customizable sections, keyword optimization, and version control. Create and store as many CVS (and opportunities) as you need, store your entire career or academic history, and streamline your applications—all in one dynamic platform.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a cv the same as a resume.

A CV is not the same as a resume. While both document your professional background, a CV is typically more comprehensive, detailing your academic and research achievements, publications, and presentations. Resumes are shorter, focusing on relevant work experience for a specific job.

What are the 7 basic steps to writing a CV?

The 7 basic steps to writing a CV are: 1) Gather your information, 2) Choose a format, 3) Add contact details, 4) Write a personal statement, 5) Detail your career experience, 6) List your education and certifications, and 7) Include relevant skills and optional sections like research or publications.

How do you write a good CV for beginners?

To write a good CV as a beginner, focus on your education, relevant coursework, internships, and any volunteer or extracurricular activities that demonstrate transferable skills. Highlight academic achievements, projects, and technical skills. Use a clear format and tailor your content to the position you're applying for.

Kayte Grady

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We help you find the career dream.

Cover letter examples

Product Manager

Umut Yilmaz, a seasoned Product Manager, opted for the Cornell template to highlight his extensive experience in product management. He adeptly blends strategic planning, market research, and cross-functional collaboration to drive product success.

"Throughout my career, I have successfully led cross-functional teams in the development and launch of products across various industries. My ability to translate complex ideas into actionable product strategies has consistently resulted in products that not only meet market demands but also exceed business objectives."

Table of contents

How to Write a Product Manager Cover Letter

In the rapidly changing tech and AI landscape, product managers (PMs) are essential in transforming innovative ideas into successful products. They oversee the journey from concept to launch, ensuring that products meet market needs and engage users effectively. Their role combines strategic thinking with practical execution, requiring both creative insight and technical expertise.

So, which type of product manager are you? The roles include, but are not limited to:

Associate Product Manager

Technical Product Manager

Digital Product Manager

Growth Product Manager

Data Product Manager

Product Marketing Manager

AI Product Manager

Product Lead

Principal Product Manager

Head or VP of Product

Chief Product Officer.

Looking to land a job for one of the above roles?

If you’re seeking to enter or advance within product management , a good cover letter is key to landing more job interviews . A PM cover letter should convey your unique blend of skills, experiences, and passion for finding solutions while aligning with the specific needs and goals of the company you're targeting.

In this guide, we will explore: How to write a product manager cover letter. What to include in a product manager cover letter. Strategies for writing a product manager cover letter if you have no experience

Product manager cover letter example

To make your job application stand out even more, ensure consistency by using the same templates or design. Interested in a CV? Check out the matching product CV example.

What to include in a product manager cover letter? 

A strong product management cover letter, much like a good CV , should begin with your contact information at the top, formatted in a professional business letter style. Be sure to include your name, location, phone number, and email address.

1. Intro: How to start a product manager cover letter 

The introduction of your product manager cover letter sets the tone for your application and captures the reader's attention. It should be personalised, clearly stating the position you're applying for and briefly outlining why you're a strong fit for the role.

AI product manager cover letter example

I am excited to apply for the AI Product Manager position at Adobe, as advertised. With a solid background in both product management and artificial intelligence, including my recent work leading an AI driven project that increased user engagement by 30%, I am confident in my ability to contribute to Adobes AI innovative initiatives. My passion for harnessing AI to solve complex problems aligns perfectly with your companys mission to drive technological advancements.

Entry-level product manager cover letter example

I am writing to express my enthusiasm for the Entry-Level Product Manager role at Luna. As a recent graduate with a degree in Business Administration and a hands-on internship experience managing product development cycles, I am eager to bring my strong analytical skills and fresh perspective to your team. My recent project, which involved coordinating cross-functional teams to launch a new app feature, has prepared me to make meaningful contributions to your company.

Technical product manager cover letter example

I am thrilled to apply for the Technical Product Manager position at Adobe. With a robust background in product management and technical expertise, I recently spearheaded the development of a cloud-based platform that slashed system downtime by 40%, significantly enhancing user experience. I am confident in my ability to drive Adobes pioneering projects forward. My deep passion for utilising technology to solve complex challenges aligns perfectly with mission to lead in innovation and set new industry standards.

For additional examples, refer to how to start a cover letter or look at our extensive list of cover letter examples.

2. Body: How to write the body of a product manager cover letter

In the main body of your cover letter for a product manager, focus on detailing your qualifications and experiences, showing how they meet the employer's needs. After highlighting relevant skills, take it a step further by providing concrete examples to illustrate those skills in action. Whether you have a decade of experience or are just starting out, it's important to showcase relevant accomplishments, big or small, and explain how your unique expertise can add value to the team.

In my previous role at Google, I led a cross-functional team in developing an AI-driven recommendation engine that improved customer retention by 25%. My hands-on experience with machine learning algorithms and data analysis allowed me to bridge the gap between technical teams and business stakeholders effectively. I also implemented AI tools that streamlined product development processes, resulting in a 15% reduction in time-to-market for new features.  

During my internship at Creative Sparks, I assisted in managing the lifecycle of a new app feature from concept through launch. My responsibilities included gathering user feedback, defining feature requirements, and coordinating with development teams. I played a key role in conducting market research and analysing user data, which informed product decisions and led to a 10% increase in user satisfaction. My academic background in Business Administration, combined with my hands-on experience, has equipped me with the foundational skills needed to excel in this entry-level product manager role. I am eager to apply my knowledge and contribute to Luna’s product management team

There is no one-size-fits-all cover letter strategy. For more tips, check out our article on cover letter structure.

3. Conclusion: How to end a product management cover letter 

The conclusion of your product manager cover letter should leave a strong impression by summarising your enthusiasm for the role, reiterating your fit for the position, and outlining the next steps. It’s your final chance to encourage the hiring manager to take action. 

With a genuine dedication to driving innovative product solutions and enhancing user experiences, I am thrilled at the prospect of joining the dynamic team at Luna as a Product Manager. I am excited to leverage my skills and experience to contribute to your product development efforts and support the company's mission to deliver outstanding solutions that resonate with users. Thank you for considering my application. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to bring my strategic vision and hands-on expertise to Luna and am eager to further discuss how I can make a meaningful impact on your product initiatives. I look forward to the possibility of discussing this exciting opportunity with you in an interview. Kind Regards, Sean Williams

How to write a product manager cover letter example (no experience)

Writing a cover letter can already be a challenge in itself, especially when you're applying for a role in product management with no experience. However, with the right approach, you can highlight your transferable skills , passion for the industry, and willingness to learn, making you a strong candidate despite your lack of direct experience.

Dear Hiring Manager, I am writing to express my interest in the Junior Product Manager position at Adobe, as advertised. As a recent graduate with a degree in Business Management, I am eager to begin my career in product management, leveraging my strong analytical skills, collaborative nature, and passion for innovation. During my time at the University of London, I completed several relevant courses such as Product Development, Market Research, and Data Analytics. These courses provided me with a solid foundation in understanding customer needs, market trends, and the product lifecycle, which I believe are highly transferable to product management. My academic projects, particularly a capstone project where I led a team to design and develop a mobile app prototype, allowed me to experience the product development process firsthand—from ideation to user feedback and iteration. This hands-on experience enhanced my ability to analyse user requirements, prioritise features, and work effectively within a team. Although I am new to the field, I am highly motivated and a fast learner, ready to take on the challenges of product management. I am particularly drawn to Adobe because of its innovative products and commitment to pushing the boundaries of creativity and technology. I am eager to bring my fresh perspective and dedication to your team. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing how I can contribute to Adobe. Sincerely, Sarah Jones

This example highlights how a recent graduate can focus on their transferable skills and enthusiasm for the role, making a strong case for their candidacy despite a lack of direct experience. For more examples, refer to how to write a cover letter with no experience . For additional examples, refer to how to end a cover letter.

Key takeaways 

Tailor to the company and address a specific person.

Use formal language and clear structure.

State the position and express enthusiasm.

Highlight relevant skills and achievements.

Connect your experience with the company's goals.

Showcase technical proficiency.

Mention teamwork and leadership.

Discuss career goals and fit with the company.

Reiterate interest, request an interview, and thank the reader.

Check for errors and keep it concise.

Next steps?  

If you're unsure about the layout or content of your product manager cover letter, browse our extensive collection of cover letter templates and CV examples for inspiration. Alternatively, you can seek help from a professional through our CV Writing Service , which also offers LinkedIn profile optimisation.

Create your product manager cover letter

How do i write a cover letter for an associate product manager.

Tailor your cover letter to the company and the associate product manager role by emphasising your relevant skills and any prior experience. Highlight your eagerness to learn and grow within the field, providing examples of teamwork and problem-solving abilities. Show how your background aligns with the company’s mission and goals to demonstrate your fit for the position.

What is the best letter template for a product management cover letter?

An effective template includes an introduction stating the position and expressing enthusiasm, a body section that highlights your key achievements and skills while aligning them with the company's needs, and a conclusion that reiterates your interest, requests an interview, and thanks the reader. This structure ensures clarity and relevance. For additional tips, check out the ideal cover letter length and the best font for a cover letter.

How do I write a cover letter for a product marketing manager?

Focus on showcasing your marketing skills and experience with product management. Highlight specific achievements in product launches, market analysis, and campaign management. Make sure to align your experience with the company’s marketing strategy and objectives, demonstrating how you can contribute to their success.

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How to Write a Cybersecurity Resume: Tips + Career Progression Ebook

Crafting a strong cybersecurity resume can be challenging, especially in a dynamic and competitive field like this one. Your resume must reflect your technical skills, achievements, and passion for cybersecurity .

This guide will walk you through some key tips and strategies to help your resume stand out, get noticed, and convince potential employers that you're the right fit for the job.

General tips for your resume

When it comes to writing your resume, think of it as your personal marketing tool. You want to make a strong impression and clearly communicate your value to potential employers.

Start with a clean, professional layout that makes it easy for hiring managers to read. Use consistent formatting, such as bullet points and headings, to organize your information logically. Keep your resume concise—ideally, one page for entry-level positions and no more than two pages for experienced candidates.

Here are some other tips:

• Tailor your resume for each job application: Use keywords from the job description and adjust your experience and skills section to highlight the most relevant aspects of your background. This will help hiring managers see how you’re a fit for the role.
• Quantify your achievements: Whenever possible, use numbers to describe your achievements. For example, if you’ve implemented a system that improved network efficiency by 20% or resolved 50+ technical issues weekly, these specifics help potential employers see the value you bring.

Cybersecurity resume tips

Your resume should demonstrate your ability to protect and secure information systems and your knowledge of the latest security protocols. Here’s how to craft a resume specifically for a cybersecurity role:

Focus on security-specific skills and tools

Cybersecurity requires a specific set of skills. Highlight your expertise in areas like threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response. List the tools and software you’re proficient in, such as SIEM systems, firewalls, and encryption technologies.

Mention your experience in protecting systems and data

Detail any experience you have in securing networks, data, and systems. Whether you’ve conducted security audits, managed security operations, or responded to incidents, this experience is crucial for a cybersecurity resume. Provide examples of how you’ve successfully protected or recovered systems from threats.

Show your understanding of regulatory compliance

Cybersecurity often involves ensuring that systems comply with regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI-DSS. If you have experience with these or other regulatory standards , be sure to include this on your resume, as it demonstrates your ability to navigate the legal aspects of cybersecurity.

Highlight certifications relevant to cybersecurity

Certifications are particularly important in cybersecurity. They demonstrate your knowledge and commitment to the field, validate your skills, and indicate that you stay current with industry standards. We'll cover more about this later.

Demonstrate your problem-solving abilities

Cybersecurity is all about solving problems before they become critical issues. Provide examples of how you’ve identified and mitigated risks, improved security protocols, or responded to threats. This shows your ability to think critically and act quickly in high-pressure situations.

Cybersecurity resume tips for various career stages

Creating a strong cybersecurity resume requires different strategies depending on your career stage. In this section, we will provide straightforward tips for three groups: entry-level candidates with limited experience, professionals looking to switch from other IT roles into cybersecurity, and experienced individuals aiming for senior positions.

Entry-level cybersecurity resume tips

Breaking into cybersecurity at the entry-level requires a strong foundation, even if you lack professional experience. Here are some tips to help your resume stand out:

Highlight relevant coursework, projects, and internships

If you’re just starting out, your education is a key asset. List relevant coursework that aligns with cybersecurity, such as network security, ethical hacking, or information assurance. Additionally, showcase any projects or internships where you applied cybersecurity concepts in real-world scenarios.

Emphasize transferable skills from other jobs or activities

Even if your previous roles weren’t in cybersecurity, many skills still apply. Problem-solving, analytical thinking, and familiarity with IT systems are all valuable in cybersecurity. Highlight these skills and explain how they can be applied to a cybersecurity role.

Consider a functional or combination resume format

If you lack direct experience, a functional or combination resume format might serve you better. These formats focus more on your skills and qualifications rather than a chronological work history, allowing you to present your capabilities more effectively.

Entry Level IT Jobs: Roles to Start Your Career

Career change resume tips.

Here’s how to present your experience if you're transitioning to cybersecurity from another IT role

E xplain your motivation for transitioning from another IT department to cybersecurity

Clearly state why you’re moving into cybersecurity. Whether it’s a passion for protecting data or an interest in the growing field, your motivation can help employers see your commitment to the new path.

Highlight transferable skills from your previous experience

Skills like network management, software development, or IT support are often directly relevant to cybersecurity roles. Focus on these transferable skills and demonstrate how they can be leveraged in a cybersecurity context.

Consider obtaining relevant certifications to demonstrate your commitment

Certifications like CompTIA Security+, CISSP, or Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) show that you’re serious about your career shift. Mention these on your resume to underscore your dedication and readiness for a cybersecurity role.

Career Development in IT: 5 Pros Weigh in

Senior cybersecurity resume tips.

For those with years of experience, your resume should reflect your expertise and leadership in the field. Here’s how to make sure it does:

Highlight your leadership experience and technical expertise

Leadership and deep technical knowledge are critical at the senior level. Highlight your experience managing teams, leading projects, and mastering complex cybersecurity technologies or protocols.

Quantify your achievements and impact on the organization

Where possible, use numbers to show your impact. Did you reduce security breaches by a certain percentage? Maybe you increased the efficiency of incident response times? Quantifying your achievements helps potential employers see the tangible benefits you’ve brought to previous roles.

Mention high-profile projects or initiatives

Senior roles often involve overseeing significant cybersecurity initiatives. Whether you led the implementation of a new security architecture or managed a response to a major threat, ensure these high-profile projects are prominent on your resume.

What Does a Cybersecurity Analyst do? Role, Certifications and Salary

Cybersecurity certifications.

Certifications play a crucial role in establishing your credibility and expertise in the cybersecurity field. They demonstrate your knowledge and show employers your commitment to staying current with industry standards. Here's an overview of some key cybersecurity certifications:

CompTIA Security+

CompTIA Security+ is an entry-level certification that covers essential security concepts. It’s ideal for those new to the field, as it provides a foundation in network security, threat management, and risk mitigation. Security+ is widely recognized and often considered a starting point for a cybersecurity career.

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

CEH certification focuses on offensive security, teaching professionals how to think and act like hackers to identify vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This certification is valuable for roles like penetration tester and security analyst.

Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)

With the increasing adoption of cloud services, CCSP certification is a must for professionals focused on cloud security. This certification covers cloud architecture, operations, and compliance, ensuring that certified professionals can effectively secure cloud environments.

The Best IT Certifications to Boost Your Career: Top 13 Picks

Structuring the resume: keywords, headings, and formatting.

A well-structured resume is easier for hiring managers and automated systems (like ATS) to scan, increasing your chances of landing an interview. Here’s how to format your cybersecurity resume for maximum impact:

• Use the right keywords: Employers often use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to filter resumes before they reach a human. To pass through this filter, include relevant keywords from the job description. Words like "cybersecurity," "network security," "threat detection," and specific tools or certifications should be included strategically throughout your resume.
• Effective headings: Your resume should be organized with clear, concise headings that guide the reader. Common headings include "Professional Experience," "Technical Skills," "Certifications," and "Education." Headings categorize your experience and skills, making it easier for employers to find the information.

An effective cover letter for cybersecurity roles

A well-crafted cover letter complements your resume and gives you a chance to highlight your qualifications and enthusiasm for the role. Here's how to write an effective cover letter for a cybersecurity position:

• Tailor your cover letter to the job: Each cover letter should be customized for the specific job you’re applying to. Mention the company’s name and the position title, and explain why you’re interested in working there. Connect your skills and experiences to the job description, showing how you can meet the company’s needs.
• Highlight key skills and achievements: Use your cover letter to elaborate on the most important aspects of your resume. Focus on key skills and achievements that make you a strong candidate for the role. For example, if you have experience responding to major security incidents, explain how that experience makes you well-suited for the job.
• Show enthusiasm for cybersecurity: Employers want to hire candidates who are passionate about their work. Express your enthusiasm for cybersecurity and your commitment to keeping up with industry trends and technologies. This demonstrates that you’re not just looking for a job but are genuinely interested in contributing to the field.

Keep it concise and professional: Your cover letter should be concise, typically no longer than one page. Use clear, professional language, and avoid jargon or overly complex sentences. End with a strong closing statement, reiterating your interest in the role and your willingness to discuss your application further.

Final takeaways

Your cybersecurity resume is more than just a list of past jobs and skills—it's your first opportunity to make an impression on a potential employer.

Here are some key takeaways:

• Structure your resume effectively : Use clear headings, relevant keywords, and a format that highlights your strengths.
• Show continuous learning : Demonstrate that you’re committed to staying current in the field.
• Craft a strong cover letter : Tailor it to the job, highlight key achievements, and show your passion for cybersecurity.
• Include certifications : They validate your expertise and show employers your dedication to the field.

Remember, your resume is often your first impression, so it should reflect your professionalism and attention to detail. Lastly, don’t hesitate to ask for feedback from peers or mentors; a fresh set of eyes can catch errors or suggest improvements that you might have overlooked.

Follow these steps, and you'll be well on your way to landing that cybersecurity role you're aiming for.

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Create a Resume / Cover Letter

Create a resume and cover letter, when should you start developing your resume.

It is never too early to start putting together your resume. Often, students wait to start the resume writing process until they are looking for an internship or full-time job.

Waiting until the last minute can result in a rushed and stressful experience. Start crafting your resume now so that you can quickly and easily capture your current experiences.

Where should you start?

Click on the resources below.

Once you have reviewed the online resources, please email [email protected] to make an appointment.

Resume Example

Career resources.

Resume Guide

One of the best ways to start writing your resume is to think big picture about your experiences.

Job hunt on the go.  

Virtual Career Studio

The Virtual Career Studio is housed within the Career Center’s Canvas.

News & Advice

20 Tips on How to Write a Resume

When you come to write a resume, you need to spend more than the two minutes that you spend reading this article to research your approach. While we have created these 20 tips, here is a far more in-depth “ how to write a resume ” guide – that is 52 minutes well spent!

We would like to share some general tips around resume writing. As with much job search advice, many of them are common sense, but in the brain fog of a job search they are worth repeating. Do the basics and do them well.

Get all the key info onto the front page.  40% of job seekers will opt for a two-page resume, so choose a resume template that puts your core selling points in the first page.

Include a hyperresource_location to resource_locationedIn.  Most resumes should have a resource_location to your resource_locationedIn. Spell the hyperresource_location in full as resource_locations may not always work or the person may be reading a print-out.

Have both PDF and Word documents ready to go.  There is nothing worse than having to do last-minute editing. Some employers request one or the other. Use a resume builder.

Avoid emojis. Stay on the safe side.  Yes, increasing amounts of people are using emojis on their resume. It may become mainstream, but until that point, we would advise against it.

A resume with symbols is okay though.  Using symbols and icons on your resume is acceptable, but you run the risk of the ATS system not picking up on vital information.

Tailor the summary for each role.  Change at least 20% of your resume summary for each role. Tailor the application – write it for each individual hiring manager.

Write a reverse chronological resume.  Only opt for another format if you are a recent graduate or career changer who wishes to emphasize relevant skills over work experience.

Create bullets starting with action verbs in the past tense.  Directed, facilitated, monitored, etc. In this way you get straight to the heart of the action without any additional waffle.

Share what you did and why it mattered to you.  While a cover letter is the main vehicle for showcasing your personality, try to share your “why” wherever possible within a resume.

Don’t mention responsibilities – only achievements.  Most candidates can (and will) create a list of past responsibilities that fit the job description. But were they any good at the job?

Don’t be afraid to give a reason for an employment gap.  It is often better to address an employment gap (over 6-9 months) in a resume. You can also only list years of employment.

Focus on hard skills in the skills section.  Your soft skills should come across within the achievements that you share. Hard skills are easier to quantify – only pick the rare ones.

Start the stories that you wish to tell at an interview.  Do not include anything in your resume that you would not wish to expand upon during an interview. Be selective.

Share your education, no matter how long ago it was.  The education section of a resume is an essential book end to your career. Share the details – ideally with GPA or equivalent.

Tell a career story of continuous development.  Try to make it clear that you are on a continuing path of growth. Build to a crescendo towards the point of looking for a new role.

Include keywords for the ATS, but don’t overdo it.  If your most recent job titles and experiences are a rough fit for the role, then you should pass the initial ATS test.

Have a look at example resumes for inspiration.  The internet is full of example resumes for all sorts of occupations. Most are pretty decent, so adopt the best bits for yourself.

Don’t include references.  You might wish to include a line such as “references on request”, but it is obvious that references will be requested when the time comes. It wastes space.

Only quantify with numbers if they are genuinely impressive.  It is advisable to quantify achievements, but only do it if they numbers will set you apart from the competition.

Sleep on it before you send it off.  Never (ever) send your resume off to an employer if you sense you are rushing. Those last-minute changes could make all the difference.

As mentioned, these tips are merely scratching the surface. Everyone’s situation is different, so take every piece of advice and ask yourself whether it applies to you. Be deliberate when you write your resume – you often only get one chance to get it right.

How To Include Volunteer Work on Your Resume

Unpaid volunteering roles can reveal much about a graduate’s character.

While the barriers to entry for volunteering roles are lower, the fact that you are giving up your precious time for a worthy cause is laudable. It can also provide an extra dimension to your experience – on a resume that may not be packed with examples of paid work.

Whether you are an early-career professional, recent graduate, or current student, including volunteer work in your resume could make all the difference in setting you apart from your competition. How have these experiences made a difference to your career trajectory?

Volunteer work should not be an afterthought in your early career story.

Let’s explore why employers of high-potential talent value it so highly:

Why is volunteering work so impactful on a resume?

Because volunteer work is easier to secure, your choice of activity will speak volumes for your work preferences and career ambitions. Working in hospitality roles (etc.) to earn some money is not a choice for many students, so your volunteering activity will allow an employer to understand your true nature. Share your volunteering activities with pride and tell your future employer how they contributed to your development.

Not every student has a fixed idea of what they wish to do with their careers early on, so while initial internships and casual work might not be an ideal fit for their eventual career path, volunteering choices in their final years of education should allow them to show their future employer exactly where they are aiming. Even a few months of volunteering in the time immediately leading up to your job search can shift perceptions.

What sort of volunteer work could you include?

Ideally, the volunteer work should be loosely connected with the industry in which you hope to work and the degree that you studied at university. Potential employers want to understand that they are part of a deliberate career plan, so share your volunteering experiences with the sense that the job in question is your logical next step. Here are a few common areas for volunteer work:

• Environmental.  Environmental conservation, farm work, climate activist, agriculture.
• Animals.  Pet sitter, animal rescue, wildlife restoration, marine conservation.
• Social.  Teaching, mentoring, youth work, community development, fundraising.
• Healthcare.  Elderly or disabled care, counselling, holistic centers, hospital volunteer.
• Sports.  Sports coach, umpire, personal trainer, disability sports, team logistics.

There is a lot of variety over and above this list. What have you done in the past that could be seen as useful for your choice of future career? You never quite know the interests of your future boss, so make sure that you share your volunteer experiences with passion.

Here is an example of how fundraising efforts might be shared on your resume:

Volunteer fundraiser – Stop Dementia

• Coordinated a team of 5 street fundraisers over a 3-month period
• Collected $75k – a 42% uplift on the previous fundraising tally
• Launched a social media presence and local Facebook group

Where can you list volunteer work?

To be clear, volunteer work does not need to be listed in a separate resume section – simply make it clear that it is not paid employment. So long as it is relevant to the job in question, it has every right to be in the work experience / employment history section. Establish trust at the beginning of the recruitment process by being honest about what was paid and unpaid employment – don’t be tempted to misrepresent the nature of your activity.

If the volunteer work was not directly related to your career, there is the viable option of a separate volunteering section. You might think that a long list of unpaid roles in the voluntary section reflects poorly on your candidature, but it is more important to an employer what you learned and how you developed.

One last thing: Don’t Be Tempted to Not Be Truthful

As volunteer experience might not be paid employment, some people might thing that it is less of a misdemeanor to exaggerate your involvement. In fact, the rules around referencing for paid roles are far more restrictive, so it is easier to get a more extensive reference for a volunteering role. Do not lie about it – in the small world of social media it only takes a quick message for a future boss to verify your claims.

Every worthy graduate or early career professional should be able to list some relevant work experience on their resume.

If you have not got anything to share, have a look for something that you can do on your weekends right now. At least you can then have something current to share.

Including volunteer work on your early-career resume is essential.

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A Student’s Guide to CV and Cover Letter Writing in Finland (3): Write your Cover Letter

Navigating the Job Market: A Student’s Guide to CV and Cover Letter Writing in Finland (1)

Navigating the Job Market: A Student’s Guide to CV and Cover Letter Writing in Finland (2)

With your CV completed, the next step is crafting your cover letter. While your CV provides a comprehensive overview of your skills and experiences, the cover letter is your chance to personalize your application and make a direct connection with the employer. In this section, we’ll explore how to write a cover letter that complements your CV but also highlights your enthusiasm and suitability for the role.

Crafting Your Cover Letter: The Personal Touch

Now that you have your CV, it’s time to write your cover letter—a personal narrative that complements your CV.

1. Greeting: Making a Connection

Start with a personalized greeting. If you know the hiring manager’s name, use it. If not, a simple “Dear Hiring Manager” is enough.

2. Sales Pitch & Motivation: Your Hook

Begin with a convincing introduction that captures your enthusiasm for the position. For example:

“As a long-time admirer of your company’s commitment to innovation, I was thrilled to discover the opening for a Project Coordinator. I believe my background in project management aligns perfectly with your needs.”

3. Speak to the Role: Connecting Your Experience

Here’s where you weave your story into the job description. Select 1-2 experiences that relate directly to the role. Describe your achievements and how they demonstrate your suitability. For instance:

“In my previous role as a service engineer, I successfully managed customer relationships by providing tailored solutions, resulting in a 20% increase in customer satisfaction ratings.”

4. Career Change (if applicable): Bridging Your Past and Future

If you’re transitioning careers, briefly explain how your previous experiences are relevant. For example:

“Although I am shifting from engineering to project management, the skills I gained in problem-solving and team collaboration will undoubtedly enhance my effectiveness in this new role.”

5. Summary & Call to Action: Closing Strong

Conclude with a summary of why you are the ideal candidate and express your eagerness for an interview:

“I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team and would love to discuss how my skills can benefit your organization. Thank you for considering my application.”

6. Signature: A Professional Farewell

End with a polite closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Yours sincerely,” followed by your name.

Check out the Cover Letter template .