essay on poverty in punjabi

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16 Chapter 16 Challenges Of Economic Development In Punjab

• Published: December 2008
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It is believed commonly in India that states such as Punjab, which have largely eliminated income poverty, are on track to achieving sustainable increases in the quality of life of their residents. Yet, despite the high income levels and low income-poverty, Punjab faces serious challenges on the human development front, arising principally from weak and malfunctioning public systems of delivery of education and health, and a deplorable record on gender discrimination. Punjab has suffered a setback in economic growth over the past two decades. The prospects for further economic growth driven by agriculture are severely limited by the erosion of natural resources. The rising fiscal deficits have constrained the ability of the state to spend more on health and education, while the deterioration in governance has weakened the public systems of delivery. With faltering growth and limited ability to develop human capital, the challenges of economic development are formidable.

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Review Of: ‘Rural Poverty in Punjab: A Case Study of Village ’Shergarh’

3 Pages Posted: 7 Aug 2020

Bismah Rahman

Pondicherry University

Date Written: July 10, 2020

This is a case study by Dr Manjit Sharma, about poverty in a village named Shergarh in the Bhatinda district of Punjab. Being a relatively better-performing state, all the 15 poorest households that are selected as samples for the research had self-owned houses, almost 3 meals a day etc. But poverty is visible in terms of health, education, family assets etc. The family size of the sample households is also taken understudy to understand the dependency of the family on the earner and the demography of the sample. Assets that are studied for the research are the quality of the houses, that is, availability of kitchen, bathroom, proper drainage system, toilets, handpump, electricity, animals, land owned and private transport (by-cycle). Education level in these households was not very good either for 60% of the households, the family head was illiterate. 40% of children in the family were not going to schools. 53.33% of the households had members addicted to alcohol, smoking or any other substance abuse. He also talks about the type of consumption and uses the calorie method to understand poverty.

Keywords: Poverty, India, Punjab

JEL Classification: J00, J10

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Bismah Rahman (Contact Author)

Pondicherry university ( email ).

Mahe Centre, Cemetery Road Pondicherry Pondicherry, PA Puducherry UT 605 014 India

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ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ: Punjabi Essays on Latest Issues, Current Issues, Current Topics

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ : Punjabi News, Punjabi Essay, Punjabi Letter, Punjabi Stories, Punjabi Lok Geet, Muhavre and Punjabi Study Material

Punjabi study material like essay, poem, letter, lekh, chithi, patar, application, and muhavre.

Punjabi Essays on Latest Issues, Current Issues, Current Topics for Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 Class 12 and PSEB Students Graduation Students.

Punjabi Essay  on Current Issues, Latest Topics, Social Issues, “ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ, ਨਿਬੰਧ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ, ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਤੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ” for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 Students. Punjabi Essay on Various Topics, Current Issues, latest Topics, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਿਬੰਧ, Social issues for Students.

ਕਲਾਸ 5 ਕਲਾਸ 6 ਕਲਾਸ 7 ਕਲਾਸ 8 ਕਲਾਸ 9 ਕਲਾਸ 10 ਕਲਾਸ 11 ਕਲਾਸ 12 ਅਤੇ ਪੀ.ਐਸ.ਈ.ਬੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਗ੍ਰੈਜੂਏਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਨਵੀਨਤਮ ਮੁੱਦਿਆਂ, ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਮੁੱਦੇ, ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ‘ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ।

Essay Writing in Punjabi –ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣਾ — Punjabi Essay writing Introduction, Definition, Topics, Tips, and Example

Punjabi Essay Writing Definition, Tips, Examples,  ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਦੀ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਾ, ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਉਦਾਹਰਣਾਂ, ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ, ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ ‘ਤੇ ਕਲਾਸ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ਅਤੇ ਕਾਲਜ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ (Punjabi Essay for Class 10) ਲਈ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਲੇਖ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ। ਇਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਲੇਖ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਾਧੂ ਪਾਠਕ੍ਰਮ ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ: ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣ, ਬਹਿਸ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਚਰਚਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਦਦਗਾਰ ਸਾਬਤ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।

ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੀ  ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ  ‘ਤੇ ਕਲਾਸ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ਅਤੇ ਕਾਲਜ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ (Punjabi Essay for Class 10) ਲਈ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ  ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਲੇਖ   Punjabi Language Essay  ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ। ਇਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਲੇਖ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਾਧੂ ਪਾਠਕ੍ਰਮ ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ: ਲੇਖ ਲਿਖਣ, ਬਹਿਸ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਚਰਚਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਦਦਗਾਰ ਸਾਬਤ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।

Complete Punjabi Grammar, “ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਆਕਰਣ” Punjabi Vyakaran for Class 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 Students of Punjab School Education Board and CBSE Delhi.

Heth Likhe Punjabi Essay Lekh Bachian vaste Likhe gaye han. Bache apni lod di hisaaab naal punjabi Lekh suchi vichon In this article, we are providing Punjabi Essay Collection | List. ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ, ਇਸ ਪੋਸਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਸੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਦੀ ਸੂੱਚੀ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ। ਸਾਨੂੰ ਉਮੀਦ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਲਈ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਖੋਜ ਇੱਥੇ ਪੂਰੀ ਹੋ ਗਏ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ। Short Long Nibandh in Punjabi language .

Punjabi Essay Writing Definition, Tips, Examples, Definition of Writing Articles, Examples of Writing Articles, Types of Writing Articles, We have Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 on our website We are providing different types of articles for 11, 12 and college students (Punjabi Essay for Class 10). This type of essay will be very helpful for your children and students in extra curricular activities such as: essay writing, debate competition and discussion.

We have on our  website  various Punjabi articles for class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and college students (Punjabi Essay for Class 10). Providing Language Essay. This type of essay will be very helpful for your children and students in extra curricular activities such as: essay writing, debate competition and discussion.

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਦੀ ਸੂੱਚੀ- Punjabi Essay List

• Punjabi Lekh Essay on “ਸਵੇਰ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ”, “Savere di Sair”, “Saver Di Sair” Punjabi Essay for Class 4,5,6,7,8,9,10
• Punjabi Letter Chote Bhai Bhra nu kheda vich hissa len lai Patar ਛੋਟੇ ਭਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਲੈਣ ਬਾਰੇ ਪੱਤਰ for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ੈਕਸ਼ਨ ਬਦਲਣ ਲਈ ਬਿਨੈ-ਪੱਤਰ | Punjabi application Principal nu Class da Section Badlan Layi Bine Patar
• ਸਕੂਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਦੀ ਨੌਕਰੀ ਲਈ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਪੱਤਰ | Application Letter for Teaching Job in School
• Punjabi Counting 1 to 100 | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ 1 -20 ,30, 50, 100
• Punjabi Story : ਭਾਲੂ ਅਤੇ ਦੋ ਦੋਸਤ ਜਾਂ ਰਿੱਛ ਅਤੇ ਦੋ ਦੋਸਤ | The Bear and The Two Friends Punjabi Story
• Punjabi Application to Principal for Permission to Attend the Match ਮੈਚ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਨੂੰ ਪੱਤਰ for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
• ਆਪਣੇ ਸਕੂਲ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਨੂੰ ਸਕੂਲ ਛੱਡਣ ਦਾ ਸਰਟੀਫਿਕੇਟ ਲੈਣ ਲਈ ਅਰਜੀ Class 5,6,7,8,9,10
• Punjabi Letter “Jurmana Mafi karaun layi benti patra ”, “ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੂੰ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ ਮੁਆਫ਼ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਬਿਨੈ-ਪੱਤਰ“, Letter for Class 6,7,8,9,10, Class 12
• ਮੇਰਾ ਮਿੱਤਰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ | My Best Friend essay in punjabi For Class 3,4,5 and 6
• Invitation Letter to Friend: ਮਿੱਤਰ ਜਾਂ ਸਹੇਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਗਰਮੀਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਛੁਟੀਆਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਪਹਾੜੀ ਸਥਾਨ ਤੇ ਬਿਤਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਪੱਤਰ।
• ਆਪਣੇ ਛੋਟੇ ਭਰਾ ਨੂੰ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਖੇਡਣ ਦੀ ਵੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਪੱਤਰ। Letter Younger Brother Take Part in Sports As Well Studies
• ਨਾਂਵ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ?
• 10 Animals Name in Punjabi and English | ਜਾਨਵਰਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ
• ਪੰਡਤ ਜਵਾਹਰ ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰੂ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ | Punjabi Essay on Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru
• ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ- Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਜਾਂ ਨਿਬੰਧ ਕੀ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ? What is Essay Writing in Punjabi ?
• हिंदी में फीस माफी के लिए प्रधानाचार्य को प्रार्थना पत्र | Fees Maafi Ke Liye Prathna Patra / Application
• ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਚਮਤਕਾਰ ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ। Essay on “Vigyan de Chamatkar” in punjabi
• Application for Sick Leave in Punjabi, “ਬਿਮਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਛੁੱਟੀ ਲਈ ਬਿਨੈ-ਪੱਤਰ”, “Bimari di Arji in Punjabi” for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
• Urgent Piece of Work Application in Punjabi, “ਜਰੂਰੀ ਕੰਮ ਦੀ ਅਰਜੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ” for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
• ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਜੀ | ਲੇਖ/ਜੀਵਨੀ | Essay on Guru Teg Bahadur ji
• ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦੀ ਦਿਵਸ ਤੇ 10 ਵਾਕ | 10 lines on Guru Teg Bahadur ji in Punjabi Language
• Punjabi Essay on Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji | ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਜੀ ਲੇਖ
• ਮੁਹਾਵਰੇ ਕੀ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ? Muhavare ki hunde hun?
• ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ | Essay on Guru Gobind Singh Ji in Punjabi
• Bhagat Singh Essay in Punjabi: ਇਨਕਲਾਬੀ ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ
• Punjabi Essay : ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ‘ਤੇ 10 ਲਾਈਨਾਂ | 10 Lines on Pollution in Punjabi
• Punjabi Essay: ਮੇਰਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ 10 ਲਾਈਨਾਂ
• ਸੁਆਰਥੀ ਮਿੱਤਰ | Swarthi Mitra
• ਮੇਰਾ ਮਿੱਤਰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ | My Friend Essay in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਸਕੂਲ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਦਿਨ। Essay on My First day of School in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਵੱਧਦੀ ਮਹਿੰਗਾਈ ਉੱਤੇ ਲੇਖ। Essay on ‘Vadhadi Mahingai’ in Punjabi
• ਪਾਣੀ ਦੇ ਸੰਕਟ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ | Essay on Water Crisis in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਾਲ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ: ਅੰਗੂਰ ਖੱਟੇ ਹਨ
• Punjabi Essay on School Da Salana Samagam | ਸਕੂਲ ਦਾ ਸਾਲਾਨਾ ਸਮਾਗਮ
• ਮੇਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ) ਲੇਖ | Essay on My School in Punjabi
• Punjabi Letter: ਆਪਣੇ ਸਕੂਲ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪਲ ਨੂੰ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ ਮੁਆਫ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਅਰਜ਼ੀ ਲਿਖੋ
• ਮੁੱਖ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ ਮੁਆਫ਼ੀ ਲਈ ਬਿਨੈ ਪੱਤਰ | Jurmana Mafi Application in Punjabi
• ਕੁੱਤੇ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ — Essay on Dog in the Punjabi Language
• ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਕਦਰ: Essay on Samay Di Kadar in Punjabi
• Essay on Samay Di Kadar in Punjabi- ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਕਦਰ ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ
• Essay on Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji in punjabi, ਲੇਖ/ਨਿਬੰਧ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਸਬਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾ। Sabzian de naam punjabi vich.
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ | Punjabi Vich Dina De Naam
• 25 Vegetables names in punjabi | 25 ਸਬਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ
• 1 to 100 Counting in Punjabi || 1 ਤੋਂ 100 ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ
• Punjabi Essay on Kasrat da Labh | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਕਸਰਤ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ
• Punjabi Moral Story: ਅੰਗੂਰ ਖੱਟੇ ਹਨ | Angur Khatte Han
• Body Parts Name in Punjabi | ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਅੰਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ
• Falan De Naam in Punjabi | Fruit Names in Punjabi
• ਫ਼ਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ | Fruits Name in Punjabi
• ਦੇਸੀ ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ | Desi Mahine
• ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਤੋਂ ਅੰਗ੍ਰੇਜੀ ਵਿਚ | Months Name in Punjabi to English
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਰੰਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ | Colours Name in Punjabi
• 50 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਮੁਹਾਵਰੇ ਮਤਲਬਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ । 50 Punjabi Muhavare with meaning and sentences.
• 500+ Words Essay on Self Discipline in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀਆਂ ਖੇਡਾਂ। Punjabi essay ‘Punjab diya kheda’(games of punjab)
• ਕੋਰੋਨਾ ਵਾਇਰਸ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ : ਇਕ ਮਹਾਮਾਰੀ | Coronavirus Essay in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਚਿੜੀਆ ਘਰ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ। Essay on A visit to a zoo in punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਬੀਰਬਲ ਦੀ ਖਿਚੜੀ | Akbar Birbal Stories in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਸਾਖੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ। Essay on Baisakhi in Punjabi(paragraph/short/long)
• Punjabi Essay on Our National Flag | ਸਾਡਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਝੰਡਾ ਲੇਖ
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ 100 ਮੁਹਾਵਰੇ ਅਰਥਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ।100 Muhavare with meaning and sentences in Punjabi.
• ਗਣਤੰਤਰ ਦਿਵਸ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ- Essay on Republic Day in Punjabi
• ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ ਅਤੇ ਹਾਨੀ ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ | Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਮੇਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਤਿਓਹਾਰ | Festivals of Punjab
• ਰਬਿੰਦਰਨਾਥ ਟੈਗੋਰ ‘ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ । Essay on Rabindranath Tagore in punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਲੇਖ : ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ | Essay on Pollution in Punjabi
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ: ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਲੇਖ | Essay on Mahatma Gandhi in Punjabi for Student
• Punjabi Essay : ਚਰਿੱਤਰ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਇਮਾਨਦਾਰੀ | Essay on Honesty in Punjabi Language
• Punjabi Essay on “Pradushan di Samasya”.’ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ਦੀ ਸਮਸਿਆ’ ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ for Class 7,8,9,10
• Essay on Pradushan Di Samasya in Punjabi- ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ
• Pollution Essay in Punjabi | ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ
• ਸ਼ਹਿਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਧ ਰਿਹਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ ਕਾਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਰੋਕਥਾਮ ਲਈ ਸੁਝਾਅ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ 

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Punjabi Essay, Paragraph list on Current Issues, Latest Topics, Current Affairs, Social Issues, Political Issues for Students of Class 10 and 12.

ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, library “ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., naitik sikhiya “ਨੈਤਿਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mere piyare adhiyapak “ਮੇਰੇ ਪਿਆਰੇ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., anushasan di mahatata “ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦੀ ਮਹੱਤਤਾ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., padhna changi aadat hai “ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ ਚੰਗੀ ਆਦਤ ਹੈ ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., value of education “ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਮਹੱਤਤਾ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my favourite subject “ਮੇਰਾ ਮਨਪਸੰਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mere school di zindagi “ਮੇਰੀ ਸਕੂਲ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., vocational education “ਵੋਕੇਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., bharat vich auratan di sikhiya “ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my school picnic “ਮੇਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ ਦੀ ਪਿਕਨਿਕ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my school “ਮੇਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀਆਂ ਖੇਡਾਂ” “punjab diya khada” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਸਕੂਲ ਦਾ ਸਲਾਨਾ ਸਮਾਗਮ” “annual day of my school” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ ਅਤੇ ਹਾਣੀਆਂ” “computer de labh ate haniya” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਟੈਲੀਵੀਜ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ ਅਤੇ ਹਾਨੀਆਂ” “tv de labh ate haniya” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ ਅਤੇ ਹਾਨੀਆਂ” “akhbara de labh ate haniya” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ ਅਤੇ ਹਾਨੀਆਂ” “vigyan de labh ate haniya” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਵਿਚ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ” “padhai vich kheda di tha” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਆਦਰਸ਼ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ” “an ideal student” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਨਿੱਜੀ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, dilchasp bus tour “ਦਿਲਚਸਪ ਬੱਸ ਟੂਰ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., school da salana diwas “ਸਕੂਲ ਦਾ ਸਾਲਾਨਾ ਦਿਵਸ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., aim of my life “ਮੇਰੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦਾ ਉਦੇਸ਼” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., autobiography of tea “ਚਾਹ ਦੀ ਆਤਮਕਥਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., bank robbery “ਬੈਂਕ ਲੁੱਟ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., rupye di atmakatha “ਰੁਪਏ ਦੀ ਆਤਮਕਥਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., jado assi lottery jiti “ਜਦੋਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਲਾਟਰੀ ਜਿੱਤੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mera manpasand adakar “ਮੇਰਾ ਮਨਪਸੰਦ ਅਦਾਕਾਰ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., coolie di atmakatha “ਕੂਲੀ ਦੀ ਆਤਮਕਥਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mere janamdin di party “ਮੇਰੇ ਜਨਮਦਿਨ ਦੀ ਪਾਰਟੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mera manpasand television program “ਮੇਰਾ ਮਨਪਸੰਦ ਟੈਲੀਵਿਜ਼ਨ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mere pita mere hero “ਮੇਰੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਮੇਰੇ ਹੀਰੋ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my hobby “ਮੇਰਾ ਸ਼ੌਕ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., healthy lifestyle “ਸਿਹਤਮੰਦ ਜੀਵਨਸ਼ੈਲੀ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mera paltu janwar “ਮੇਰੇ ਪਾਲਤੂ ਜਾਨਵਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., jungle di sair “ਜੰਗਲ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my garden “ਮੇਰਾ ਬਾਗ਼” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., my favourite season “ਮੇਰਾ ਪਸੰਦੀਦਾ ਮੌਸਮ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., an ideal student “ਆਦਰਸ਼ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਖੇਡਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, football match “ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ ਮੈਚ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., sadi rashtriya khed –  hockey “ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ – ਸਾਡੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਖੇਡ: ਹਾਕੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਇਕ ਦਿਵਸੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਮੈਚ” “one day cricket match” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਅੱਖੀਂ ਡਿੱਠਾ ਮੈਚ ” “eye-witness match” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਕਸਰਤ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ” “kasrat de labh” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, vigyan –  vardaan ja shrap “ਵਿਗਿਆਨ: ਵਰਦਾਨ ਜਾਂ ਸਰਾਪ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਪੰਜਾਬ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, dakiya “ਡਾਕੀਆ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਕਿਸੇ ਤੀਰਥ ਸਥਾਨ ਦੀ ਯਾਤਰਾ” “kise tirath sthan di yatra” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਕਿਸੇ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਿਕ ਸਥਾਨ ਦੀ ਯਾਤਰਾ” “kise aitihasik sthan di yatra” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਗਰਮੀ ਦੀ ਰੁੱਤ” “garmi di rut” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਬਸੰਤ ਰੁੱਤ” “basant rut” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਮੁੱਦੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਜਾਗਰੂਕਤਾ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, pradhan mantri diya vakh-vakh yojanava “ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਯੋਜਨਾਵਾਂ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh., jal pradushan – ganga bachao “ਜਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ – ਗੰਗਾ ਬਚਾਓ ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., indian farmer “ਭਾਰਤੀ ਕਿਸਾਨ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., kasrat de labh “ਕਸਰਤ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., smart city mission “ਸਮਾਰਟ ਸਿਟੀ ਮਿਸ਼ਨ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., pradhan mantri jan dhan yojana “ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਜਨ ਧਨ ਯੋਜਨਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh, mahingai di samasiya “ਮਹਿੰਗਾਈ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., khedan di mahatata “ਖੇਡਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਹੱਤਤਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., neki “ਨੇਕੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., raj sabha “ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., vidhan sabha “ਵਿਧਾਨ ਸਭਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., benefits of banks “ਬੈਂਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., akhbara de labh “ਅਖਬਾਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਲਾਭ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., pendu jeevan “ਪੇਂਡੂ ਜੀਵਨ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., nashe di lat “ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਲਤ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., junk food “ਜੰਕ ਫੂਡ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., nagrika diya adhikar ate jimewariyan “ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀਆਂ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਤਿਉਹਾਰਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, holi festival “ਹੋਲੀ ਦਾ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਰੰਗਾਂ ਦਾ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ-ਹੋਲੀ” “ranga da tyohar holi” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਲੋਹੜੀ ਦਾ ਤਿਓਹਾਰ” “lohri da tyohar” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਦੀਵਾਲੀ ਦਾ ਤਿਓਹਾਰ” “diwali da tyohar” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਦਿਨ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, bharat da gantantra diwas “ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ ਦਿਵਸ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., republic day “ਰਿਪਬਲਿਕ ਦਿਨ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., independence day “ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦਿਨ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., children’s day “ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਦਿਨ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mother’s day “ਮਦਰ ਡੇ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਮਹਾਨ ਲੋਕ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, narendra modi “ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਮੋਦੀ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mother teresa “ਮਦਰ ਟੈਰੇਸਾ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., dr. manmohan singh “ਡਾ. ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., jesus christ “ਜੀਸਸ ਕਰਾਇਸਟ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., albert einstein “ਐਲਬਰਟ ਆਇਨਸਟਾਈਨ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mahatma gandhi “ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਗਾਂਧੀ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., subhash chandra bose “ਸੁਭਾਸ਼ ਚੰਦਰ ਬੋਸ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., bhagat singh “ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., rabindranath tagore “ਰਬਿੰਦਰਨਾਥ ਟੈਗੋਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., dr. bhimrao ambedkar “ਡਾਕਟਰ ਭੀਮ ਰਾਓ ਅੰਬੇਡਕਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., mother teresa “ਮਦਰ ਟੈਰੇਸਾ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਮੇਰਾ ਸੱਚਾ ਮਿੱਤਰ” “my best friend” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਮੇਰਾ ਮਨ ਭਾਉਂਦਾ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ” “my favourite teacher” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “myself” “ਮੈਂ-ਇੱਕ ਮੁੰਡਾ” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “mein ek kudi” “ਮੈਂ – ਇੱਕ ਕੁੜੀ” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਨੈਤਿਕ ਮੁੱਲਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, health is wealth “ਸਿਹਤ ਦੌਲਤ ਹੈ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਕਦਰ” “samay di kadar” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਗਰੂਕਤਾ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, pashu adhikar “ਪਸ਼ੂ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., barsat da mausam “ਬਰਸਾਤ ਦਾ ਮੌਸਮ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., garmi da mausam “ਗਰਮੀ ਦਾ ਮੌਸਮ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., meeh wala din “ਮੀਂਹ ਵਾਲਾਂ ਦਿਨ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., jal hi jeevan hai “ਜਲ ਹੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਹੈ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., bharat de mausam “ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਮੌਸਮ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਨ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ” pradushan di samasiya ” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਪਹਾੜ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ” “pahad di sair” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਵਰਖਾ ਰੁੱਤ” “varsha rut” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਵਧਦੀ ਅਬਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ” “vadhdi aabadi di samasiya” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਸਿਹਤ ਅਤੇ ਤੰਦਰੁਸਤੀ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, punjabi essay, paragraph on “ਸਵੇਰ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ” “morning walk” best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਕੁਦਰਤ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, meeh di raat “ਮੀਂਹ ਦੀ ਰਾਤ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., picnic “ਪਿਕਨਿਕ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., bhuchal “ਭੂਚਾਲ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., chidiyaghar di sair “ਚਿੜੀਆਘਰ ਦੀ ਸੈਰ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਕਹਾਵਤ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, ਸਮਾਰਕ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, bhakra nangal dam “ਭਾਖੜਾ ਨੰਗਲ ਡੈਮ” complete punjabi essay, paragraph best punjabi lekh-nibandh for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students., ਜਾਨਵਰਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਲੇਖ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ਼, cow “ਗਾਂ” punjabi essay, paragraph for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 students..

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Education and Poverty Relationship in Punjab

2016, IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267)

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This study aims to ascertain the effect of the digital economy and women&#39;s empowerment on the family economy. SMEs communities in Tangerang City, Banten Province, were included in this study. The sampling technique utilized is a combination of probability sampling and random sampling. They are compiling data through the use of a questionnaire. The maximum number of people whose data can be analyzed is 97. This study used Partial Least Squares to analyze the data (PLS). The findings indicated that (1) the construct of the digital economy had a positive and significant effect on women&#39;s empowerment, with a statistical T value of 2.990; (2) the construct of women&#39;s empowerment had a positive and significant effect on the family economy, with a statistical T value of 7.141; and (3) both the digital economy and women&#39;s empowerment had a positive and significant effect on the family economy, with a statistical F value of 242.61.

Adela García Valle

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar el uso de las mayúsculas en una serie de manuales posteriores a 2010 y determinar los aspectos que plantean mayores problemas u ofrecen diferentes soluciones, con la finalidad última de divulgar los aspectos pendientes de una mejor regulación, hacer hincapié en la importancia de criterios claros en la aplicación práctica de las normas y en la responsabilidad de los profesionales del sector editorial, puesto que en la adquisición y aprendizaje de la ortografía es fundamental la memoria visual. El análisis muestra que las mayores dificultades se hallan en la función identificativa de las mayúsculas y se centran en los aspectos más novedosos y con mayor repercusión social (tratamientos, títulos o cargos). La causa de estos errores se puede explicar por la densidad y complejidad de la obra académica, que no favorece su consulta, y por la necesidad de conocimientos extralingüísticos en algunas opciones, no siempre al alcance de un públic...

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Shahryar Sorooshian

Most of the healthcare facilities (HFs) have to face the nosocomial infections (NIs), which increase the rates of morbidity, mortality, and financial burden on the HFs and the patients. The control of the NIs is a global issue and requires additional effort. Because the pathogenic microbes can be transmitted among all the HF departments, the layout and design of the HFs (or the department configuration) is considered to play a significant role in control of the NIs. A few of the departments transmit the microbes more than other departments, called ‘cause’, while some other departments are more infected than others, called ‘effect’. Here, the researchers have stated that both the cause and effect departments are risky. This research tried to propose a comprehensive mathematical algorithm for choosing the high-risk department(s) by applying the NI and the managerial criteria to minimize NIs through rearchitecting of the HFs. To develop the algorithm, the researchers applied the multip...

Sisilya Saman

AbstractThis research is motivated by the role of coherence in building the integrity of a discourse. The problem discussed in this research is the form of relationship of appointment, relationship of addition, relationship of contradiction, and cause-effect relationship. This research aims to find the forms of coherence used in editorial discourse. The method in this research is descriptive with qualitative research. Data source in this research is editorial Tribun Pontianak Edition June 2016. The data collection technique used is documentary study technique. Data collector the used [is] writer alone and note. The result of analysis of editorial data Tribun Pontianak June 2016 contains the form of coherence in the form of relationship of appointment, relationship addition, relationship of conflict and cause-effect relationship. The relationship of coherence forms is 1137 with details of 645 relations of appointment, 379 additions relationship, 63 contradictory relationships and 50...

Harounan Kazianga

The BRIGHT program was designed to improve the educational outcomes of children in Burkina Faso. It focused on girls in particular and was implemented in 132 rural villages throughout the 10 provinces in the country where girls’ school enrollment rates were lowest. The program constructed 132 primary schools with separate latrines for boys and girls and developed a set of interventions to increase girls’ enrollment rates, including daily meals, take-home rations, and school kits and textbooks. BRIGHT had a positive impact on school enrollment of about 20 percentage points. It also had positive impacts on math and French test scores. Impacts were positive for both boys and girls.

Dr. Urmi Pattanayak

Working Papers

Udaya Mishra

Migration decisions to urban areas that are backed by economic rationale and attempts to understand gains accruing to individuals from migration, in terms of poverty outcomes are analysed. The analysis is based on the 55th round survey data on Employment-...

Dr Shihabudheen N

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Poverty and Health

Poverty is strongly associated with worse health across countries and within countries across individuals. However, not all poor individuals suffer from poor health: the effects of poverty on health vary across place and time. In this review, we discuss the evidence documenting these patterns, and the reasons for the associations. We then provide an overview of what is known about policies that may improve the health of the poor. We focus primarily on the modern-day United States, but also discuss evidence from historical experiences and low- and middle-income countries. Throughout we discuss areas in need of future research.

We are grateful to Janet Currie, Sherry Glied, and Tom Vogl for their valuable comments on earlier drafts. Joanna Chi provided excellent research assistance. Adriana Lleras-Muney received support from the California Center for Population Research at UCLA (CCPR), which receives core support (P2C-HD041022) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Punjabi Essay on “Maharaja Ranjit Singh”, “ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ”, Punjabi Essay for Class 10, Class 12 ,B.A Students and Competitive Examinations.

ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

ਦੁਜੀ ਜਨਮ ਸ਼ਤਾਬਦੀ: ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਸਿੱਖ ਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਬਾਨੀ ਸਨ।ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਅਸਲ ਵਿਚ ਪੰਜਾਬੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਸੀ। 2 ਨਵੰਬਰ, ਸੰਨ 1980 ਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਜਨਮ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੇ ਦੋ ਸੌ ਸਾਲ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਹਨ। ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਆਪ ਦੀ ਦੂਜੀ ਜਨਮ-ਸ਼ਤਾਬਦੀ ਨੂੰ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਪੱਧਰ ਤੇ ਮਨਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਸਮਾਗਮ ਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ ਇਕ ਨਵੰਬਰ, 1981 ਤੱਕ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਹੇ। ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਸੰਬੰਧ ਵਿਚ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀਆਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਨਿਜੀ ਵਸਤਾਂ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ ਤੋਂ ਮੰਗਵਾਈਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਮੱਦਦ ਵੀ ਲਈ ਗਈ। ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਸ਼ਤਰਾਂ, ਪੁਸ਼ਾਕਾਂ ਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਅਨੇਕ ਵਸਤਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਥਾਂ-ਥਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਖਾਸ ਕਰ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਅਤੇ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਨੀਆਂ ਲਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ। ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ, ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਪੁਸਤਕਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੈਗਜ਼ੀਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਤੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤੀਆਂ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਖੋਜ ਭਰੇ ਲੇਖ ਛਾਪੇ ਗਏ।

ਬਚਪਨ : ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ 2 ਨਵੰਬਰ, ਸੰਨ 1780 ਨੂੰ ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ੁਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਉੱਘੇ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਮਹਾਂ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਹੋਇਆ।

ਬਚਪਨ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸੀਤਲਾ ਮਾਤਾ ਨਿਕਲ ਆਉਣ ਕਾਰਨ ਆਪ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਅੱਖ ਚਲੀ ਗਈ। ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਮੌਕਾ ਨਾ ਮਿਲਿਆ।

ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਸਵਰਗਵਾਸ : ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਉਮਰ 12 ਸਾਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਹੀ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ ਸਵਰਗ ਸਿਧਾਰ ਗਏ। ਸ਼ੁਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਸਾਰਾ ਭਾਰ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਮੋਢਿਆਂ ਉਤੇ ਆ ਪਿਆ। ਆਪ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਹ ਕਨਈਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੀ ਸਰਦਾਰਨੀ ਸਦਾ ਕੌਰ ਦੀ ਸਪੁੱਤਰੀ ਮਹਿਤਾਬ ਕੌਰ ਨਾਲ ਹੋਇਆ। ਸਦਾ ਕੌਰ ਨੇ ਰਾਜਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਚਲਾਉਣ ਵਿਚ ਆਪ ਦੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਦਦ ਕੀਤੀ।

ਸ਼ਖਸੀਅਤ : ਕੁਝ ਸਮੇਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕਈਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਰਾਜ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਲਾ ਲਿਆ। ਆਪ ਦਾ ਸਰੀਰ ਉੱਚਾ ਲੰਮਾ ਸੀ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਚਿਹਰੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਮਾਤਾ ਦੇ ਦਾਗ ਸਨ, ਪਰ ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਚਿਹਰੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਇੰਨਾ ਜਲਾਲ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਦੇਖਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਹੈਰਾਨ ਰਹਿ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਸਨ। ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਘੋੜ ਸਵਾਰੀ, ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਤੇ ਸ਼ਸਤਰਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਸ਼ੌਕ ਸੀ। ਆਪ ਵਿਚ ਚੁਸਤੀ, ਬਹਾਦਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਆਣਪ ਕੁੱਟ-ਕੁੱਟ ਕੇ ਭਰੀ ਹੋਈ ਸੀ।

ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਵਿਸਥਾਰ : ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਹੋਂਦ ਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਝੰਡੇ ਥੱਲੇ ਲਿਆਉਣ ਦੀ ਕੋਸ਼ਿਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ। ਆਪ ਨੇ ਲਾਹੌਰ, ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਤੇ ਕਸੂਰ ਆਦਿ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤ ਕੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ। ਸੰਨ 1802 ਵਿਚ ਆਪ ਨੇ ‘ਸ਼ੇਰੇ-ਪੰਜਾਬ’ ਦੀ ਉਪਾਧੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤੀ। ਲਾਹੌਰ ਅਤੇ ਉਸਦੇ ਆਲੇ-ਦੁਆਲੇ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤ ਕੇ ਆਪ ਨੇ ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਵੱਲ ਮੂੰਹ ਕੀਤਾ। ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਮਗਰੋਂ ਨੌਸ਼ਹਿਰਾ, ਬੰਨੂੰ, ਜਮਰੌਦ ਅਤੇ ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤਿਆ। ਸਰਦਾਰ ਹਰੀ ਸਿੰਘ ਨਲੂਏ ਦੀ ਕਮਾਨ ਹੇਠ ਆਪ ਦੀਆਂ ਫ਼ੌਜਾਂ ਨੇ ਹਰ ਮੈਦਾਨ ਵਿਚ ਜਿੱਤ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤੀ। ਆਪ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਫ਼ੌਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿਖਲਾਈ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਜਰਨੈਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਲਈ। ਆਪ ਨੇ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਹੇਠ ਇਕ ਸਿੱਕਾ ਵੀ ਜਾਰੀ ਕੀਤਾ। ਆਪ ਦੀਆਂ ਜਿੱਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੇਖ ਕੇ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਵੀ ਆਪ ਨਾਲ ਅਮਨ ਤੇ ਦੋਸਤੀ ਦੀ ਸੰਧੀ ਕੀਤੀ।

ਲੋਕ ਸੇਵਕ ਅਤੇ ਧਰਮ ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਸ਼ਾਸਕ : ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਭਾਵੇਂ ਪੜੇਲਿਖੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ, ਪਰੰਤੁ ਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਪ੍ਰੇਮੀ ਸਨ। ਆਪ ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੁੱਖ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਅਤੇ ਰਾਤ ਸਮੇਂ ਭੇਸ ਬਦਲ ਕੇ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਘੁੰਮਿਆ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ। ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਲੋਕ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁਖੀ ਸਨ। ਆਪ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ-ਕਾਲ ਵਿਚ ਮੰਦਰਾਂ, ਮਸੀਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਗੁਰਦਵਾਰਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਜਾਗੀਰਾਂ ਲੱਗੀਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸਨ। ਆਪ ਦੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਵਿਚ ਹਰ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਲੋਕ ਉੱਚੀਆਂ-ਉੱਚੀਆਂ ਪਦਵੀਆਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਲੱਗੇ ਹੋਏ ਸਨ। ਫ਼ਕੀਰ ਅਜ਼ੀਜ਼ਦੀਨ ਅਤੇ ਦੀਵਾਨ ਮੋਹਕਮ ਚੰਦ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਵਿਚ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਸਨ। ਇਹ ਕਹਾਵਤ ਬੜੀ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਆਪ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ੇਰ ਤੇ ਬੱਕਰੀ ਇਕੋ ਘਾਟ ’ਤੇ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਂਦੇ ਸਨ।

ਰਾਜ-ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ : ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ ਬਹੁਤ ਸ਼ਲਾਘਾ-ਯੋਗ ਸੀ। ਆਪ ਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟੇ-ਛੋਟੇ ਹਲਕਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ। ਹਰ ਹਲਕੇ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਅਫ਼ਸਰ ਸੀ। ਜਦੋਂ ਕਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਵਿਚ ਕਾਲ ਪੈ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ, ਤਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਸੀ। ਦਾ ਲਗਾਨ ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਖ਼ਜ਼ਾਨੇ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਮੱਦਦ ਵੀ

ਅਕਾਲ ਚਲਾਣਾ : ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਪੰਥ ਨੂੰ ਜੋਬਨ ਵਿਚ ਲਿਆਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਇਹ ਸੁਰਮਾ ਸੰਨ 1839 ਵਿਚ ਲਕਵੇ ਦੀ ਬੀਮਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਅਕਾਲ ਚਲਾਣਾ ਕਰ ਗਿਆ। ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸ਼ੇਰ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵਿਚ ਸਦਾ ਸੂਰਜ ਵਾਂਗ ਚਮਕਦਾ ਰਹੇਗਾ।

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What Voters Outside the Democratic Bubble Thought of Harris’s Speech

They are not leaping onto the Democratic Party bandwagon. But one undecided voter said, “Maybe it’s not as hard to vote for her.”

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By Richard Fausset Campbell Robertson J. David Goodman Eduardo Medina and Isabelle Taft

On Thursday night, it was up to Kamala Harris to make the closing argument for why Democrats deserved another four years in the White House. In her headlining speech of the Democratic National Convention, which had been as festive, and at times as frivolous, as a giant block party, Ms. Harris spoke of standing up to global tyranny, and of lessons she learned from her single mother. She blasted the former President Donald J. Trump as an “unserious man” and spoke of the “awesome responsibility” that comes with the privilege of being an American.

It all left Democrats on the convention floor feeling euphoric and focused, confident that her speech would spur the Democratic base to turn out in November.

But outside the arena, and outside the bubble of ride-or-die Democratic voters, some voters, particularly Republicans, said they did not even bother to watch the speech. And among some still on the fence — those who could make a difference in a tight contest — Ms. Harris’s words did not make immediate converts. They said they needed more specifics.

Bob and Sharon Reed watched Ms. Harris’s speech on their farm in the hills of central Pennsylvania. Both of them voted for Mr. Trump in past elections and both of them liked some of his policies, if not his personality. They came away from Ms. Harris’s speech feeling a little conflicted.

The problem? They liked it.

“I really wasn’t happy with the Biden administration,” said Ms. Reed, who like her husband is 77 and a retired schoolteacher. “But listening to her tonight, maybe it’s not as hard to vote for her. And, you know, I’m a little scared of what Trump will do when he gets back in power.”

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Poverty in Pakistan: Impacts, Causes, and Way Forwards

• March 26, 2022
• Current Affairs , Pakistan's Domestic Affairs , PMS
• 41332 Views

Poverty in Pakistan: Impacts, Causes, and Way Forwards | Best for CSS, PMS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, and Essay Papers

The answer is solved by Syed Muhammad Hamza on the given pattern, which  Sir Syed Kazim Ali  teaches to his students, who consistently score the maximum because of their attempting the questions.

Introduction:

Supplementing and, in some ways, overshadowing the other socio-economic malfunctions of society, poverty in Pakistan is perhaps the most dreadful fact. Inept governance, high unemployment rate, substandard education system, and other factors have grasped Pakistan ever since its creation. However, the development of economic ventures, pragmatic economic policies, and political stability may strengthen the fragile economy of Pakistan. 

1- What is poverty?

2- Current situation

3- Impacts of poverty

• Increasing terrorism 
• Boosting the rate of unemployment
• Declining Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
• Increasing child labour

4- Causes of poverty

• The crisis of good governance
• The political instability
• The uneducated and unskilled segment of youth
• The population explosion 

5- Way forward

• To ensure a well-functioning of governance
• To build an efficient and peaceful political environment 
• To draw out schemes and reliefs packages for the poor people
• To create new economic ventures 
• To utilize man resources critically and effectively for the economic betterment of the state
• To revive the education system 

6- Critical analysis

7- Conclusion

Answer to the Question

Introduction

Undoubtedly, poverty is the malice that destabilizes a state socially, economically, and politically. Like other underdeveloped countries, Pakistan is also suffering socio-economic declivity due to poverty. Moreover, it has led to many other social evils: corruption, unemployment, child labour, injustice, and terrorism. However, the deep study of Pakistan’s economic situation since its inception shows several factors behind the rise of poverty. The state’s political instability, a considerable chunk of the uneducated and unskilled population, the crisis of good governance, and unequal distribution of resources are a few factors contributing to poverty in Pakistan. Nevertheless, introducing pragmatic economic policies, restructuring the education system, creating working opportunities, reducing corruption, and sorting political and governance chaos may help pull the country out of the very malice. The following answer discusses the impacts and causes of poverty on the polity and the measures needed to alleviate poverty in Pakistan. 

Poverty is a condition in which a person or a household cannot meet their necessities, like food, clothing, shelter, and education. Usually, poverty is defined in terms of money, called income-based poverty. According to Syed Akbar Ali Zaidi, “ Traditionally, poverty is defined as some measure of monetary income considered adequate for subsistence .  However, income in monetary terms may not be an adequate measurement of living conditions of the poor population” . 

Compared to the days of inception, Pakistan has made notable progress in eradicating poverty in the last couple of decades. As per an estimate, by 2015, approximately 30 million people have pulled out the poverty, but covid-19 has reversed all the efforts made in the last 30 years. About ten million more people are expected to be added in nearly fifty million poor people. As per the Human Development Index 2020, Pakistan was ranked 154th among 189 countries. Despite many efforts and progress, Pakistan needs to take more measures to cure poverty. As per the statistics, about 40 per cent of Pakistan’s population lives below the poverty line and could hardly meet their necessities. Thus, poverty stands as the biggest challenge for Pakistan. 

Poverty, as a matter of fact, has distorted the socio-economic fabric of the state. Poverty and a poor administrative system have given rise to injustice and corruption. People deprived of the necessities of life become easily engaged in terrorist activities; hence, poverty has acted as a catalyst in spreading terrorism. Apart from the poor law and order situation, poverty has also added fuel to the fire of unemployment. Lack of Foreign Direct Investment has brought a decline in the country’s economic growth; consequently, the youth of the country find no economic opportunity. Moreover, poverty has also given rise to child labour. According to the Federal Bureau of Statistics and National Child Labour 2018-19, about twenty million children less than 14 years of age are working to meet their family economic needs. To conclude, poverty has an adverse ripple effect on the country’s socio-economic fabric.  

The number of factors explains the spike in poverty. For instance, the crisis of good governance has been the paramount reason amongst all the other factors. A huge chunk of Pakistan’s population is deprived of clean water, health, food, and education facilities. Moreover, political instability has blurred the country’s image. So that the quick shifts of powers between governments and dictators have shrugged the population’s confidence, the political stability of the polity has distant itself. In addition to political instability, the lack of skilled and educated youngsters has halted the economic progress of Pakistan. As per the report of UNESCO 2019, about 37 per cent of the youth of the country is out of school. Pakistan spends the least expenditure on the education system in its region, nearly 2.4 per cent of GDP in the fiscal year 2018-2019. Last, the explosion of population, becoming one of the prominent reasons for poverty, has immensely burdened the fragile economy of Pakistan. Pakistan ranks fifth amongst the most populated countries of the world. Thus, to combat the burgeoning poverty rate, Pakistan needs to plan critically. 

In response to the challenges aroused by poverty, Pakistan needs to come up with critical, pragmatic measures:

• The state government must ensure the necessities of the population: health, food, and shelter are fulfilled. In addition, proper distribution of resources among the provinces should also be made practical.
• A peaceful political environment is the need of Pakistan’s economy. The political leaders and religious personnel must work on bringing stable and pragmatic policies in the interest of Pakistan.
• Different relief schemes may help poor people to meet their needs.

The proper function and distribution of packages, like the Ehsas Ration Programme, may help feed millions of poor people. 

Moreover, new economic ventures should be introduced to indulge the state’s youth in uplifting the country out of poverty. Pakistan stands among the sixth in the top overpopulated countries, but a proper and effective opportunity can be drawn out of this challenge. Pakistan can use its human resources to flourish in agriculture, construction, and IT to unburden its fragile economy. The most overpopulated country may combat poverty critically and successfully by bringing new economic opportunities. And the most important solution to poverty lies in the revival of the education system. Unfortunately, the education system of Pakistan is obsolete and obscure. By rejuvenating the system, the youth of Pakistan would surely be able to draw new trajectories to pull the country out of the crisis. Thus, the abovementioned suggestions would surely help in plucking the malice of poverty and many other social evils. 

It is high time for Pakistan to consider poverty seriously. By creating economic opportunities, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) would surely get a boost. Consequently, the economic condition of the state would enhance. Similarly, Pakistan being a baby booster country, can enlighten its future by making its youth educated. As it is aptly said,  “Education is indispensable for the success of a state” . To sum up, the government of Pakistan needs to appoint competently and well-qualified economists to tackle the uprising challenges. And other stakeholders must take their responsibility equitably. 

Unfortunately, Pakistan has been suffering several challenges. Amongst them, poverty stands the most crucial. It has hampered the socio-economic fabric of the state and has also killed the creativity of many young and charming minds. Moreover, lacking food and other necessities have engulfed the dreams of many poor people. Thus, building economic opportunities and technical and educational institutions would surely help lift the helpless population. 

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Essay On Punjab

500 words essay on punjab.

India comprises of 28 states and one of them in the state of Punjab. It is located in the northwestern part of the country. The term ‘Punjab’ comes from the Persian language. Panj means five and ab mean river. Thus, it means the land of five rivers. The state gets this name because it comprises of five rivers. They are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. In the Essay on Punjab, we will go through the state in a detailed manner.

Introduction to Essay on Punjab

Punjab is the twelfth largest state by area in India . Moreover, it is the sixteenth largest state in terms of population. Jammu and Kashmir are situated to the North and Himachal Pradesh to the East.

Similarly, it has Haryana to the South and South-East and Rajasthan to the South-West. The state shares International Border with Pakistan to the West. It comprises of 22 districts.

When the political boundaries were redrawn in 1947, Punjab got divided between India and Pakistan. In spite of sharing the common cultural heritage, Punjabis are now either Indians or Pakistanis by nationality.

The most spoken language in here is Punjabi. Punjab is majorly an Agriculture based state. Additionally, it is the highest Wheat Producing State of India.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Culture in Punjab

The culture of Punjab is known to be one of the oldest and richest ones in the world. The diversity and uniqueness of the state are seen in the poetry, spirituality, education, artistry, music, cuisine, architecture, traditions of Punjab.

All this is pretty evident from the high spiritedness in the lifestyle of the people residing there. Punjabis have earned a reputation for being highly determined. The culture there exhibits a multi-hued heritage of ancient civilizations.

They look after a guest wholeheartedly as they consider guests to be a representative sent by God. Punjabis celebrate various religious and seasonal festivals like Lohri, Baisakhi, Basant Panchmi and many more.

Similarly, they also celebrate numerous anniversary celebrations to honour the Gurus and various saints. In order to express their happiness, the people dance at these festivals. The most popular genres are Bhangra, Jhumar and Sammi.

Most importantly, Giddha is a native tradition there which is basically a humorous song-and-dance genre which women perform. In order to get a clear view of the Punjabi mindset, one can go through Punjabi poetry. It is popular for having deep meanings, and beautiful use of words.

Throughout the world, many compilations of Punjabi poetry and literature is being translated into various languages. The revered ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ is one of the most famous Punjabi literature.

The traditional dress that Punjabi men wear is a Punjabi Kurta and Tehmat plus turban . However, Kurta and Pajama are becoming increasingly popular now. The women wear the traditional dress of a Punjabi Salwar Suit and Patiala Salwar.

Conclusion of the Essay on Punjab

All in all, the history and culture of the state is immensely rich. Throughout the world, Punjabis are famous for having extravagant weddings which are a reflection of the culture as it comprises of many ceremonies, traditions and a variety of foods. Most importantly, people all over the world admire the special and hospitable attitude of Punjabis as they carry their tradition and culture wherever they go.

FAQ on Essay On Punjab

Question 1: What is Punjab famous for?

Answer 1 : Punjab is quite popular for its great interest in arts and crafts. In addition to that, the food is very famous. Similarly, the big fat Punjabi weddings have also earned quite a reputation worldwide.

Question 2: How many rivers does Punjab have?

Answer 2: Punjab has five rivers. They are Satluj, Ravi, Beas, Jhelum and Chenab.

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Let's change the federal poverty level to help more people

Long Island Cares food pantry on Friday, Nov. 17, 2023 in Huntington. Credit: Howard Schnapp

This guest essay reflects the views of Paule Pachter, president and chief executive of Long Island Cares, Inc. — The Harry Chapin Regional Food Bank in Hauppauge.

I am often asked by elected officials, donors, and visitors to our food pantries why there are 220,000 Long Islanders struggling with food insecurity. Their next question is, "How do we reduce that number?"

I tell them that if the federal government is serious about reducing food insecurity, then it must adjust the way it devises the federal poverty level (FPL) to recognize economic diversity nationwide. The cost of living in Sayville is very different from Selma, Alabama, and the cost of buying a house in Levittown is twice as much as owning a home in Louisville. The federal poverty level for a family of four is $31,200 a year. That number isn’t adequate for even a single Long Islander when you consider the costs for rent, food, health care, education, utilities, transportation, and the cost of goods.

But there may be hope on the horizon.

A bill called the Poverty Line Act has been introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives and is gaining support from lawmakers. Joining them are more than 40 organizations comprised of anti-poverty groups, child care advocates, and food banks determined to modernize the way the federal poverty level is calculated.

In introducing the bill, Rep. Kevin Mullin (D-Calif.) said, "Since the 1960s we’ve gone into space, developed electric vehicles, and no longer rely on landlines for phone service. It’s long past time that we brought the FPL into the 21st Century as well."

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The Poverty Line Act would update the way the federal poverty level is adjusted to reflect real costs and regional differences. While $31,200 might be sufficient for a family in Little Rock, Arkansas, it would be responsible to increase that amount to $46,000 for a family in Long Beach. Without such an increase, some families that want to live here now are ineligible for safety-net benefits such as Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, supplemental nutrition benefits for low-income women, infants, and children, and others. These benefits would allow families to focus more on health care and other essentials so they can spend their paychecks on the food they need.

Long Island Cares recently hosted a virtual meeting about the legislation with congressional aides, New York State’s 10 food banks, Feeding America, Feeding New York State, and local food pantries. Attendees expressed overwhelming support, and Long Island Rep. Tom Suozzi signed on as a co-sponsor.

Adjusting the federal poverty level isn’t a partisan issue when food insecurity has risen 30% to 50% since the pandemic ended. We expected a decrease. However, so far this year we have seen the number of people visiting our six satellite food pantries increase. During the first six months of 2024, we helped 100,989 people, compared to 75,252 people during the same period in 2023 — a 34% increase.

Similarly, between January and June 2024, Long Island Cares delivered 7.8 million pounds of food to our 335 food-assistance agencies — a 16% increase over the 6.7 million pounds distributed last year. The increase in need among our working poor is urgent and chronic.

The legislation to adjust the federal poverty level by region is a realistic step forward to reduce food insecurity. The Poverty Line Act will be high on Long Island Cares' list of legislative priorities for 2025.

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Essay on Illiteracy in India

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Illiteracy is basically defined as the inability of a person to read and write. People with this inability and with lack of knowledge in a particular field or subject are called illiterates . Going to school and studying is such a common activity for most of us that sometimes we don’t realise what a privilege we have.

There are still places in our country where the children don’t even have the access to basic education. This, as well as other compounded factors, have led to a high rate of illiteracy in India.

Although there have been initiatives by the Government to reduce the rate of illiteracy in India, the goal is far from being achieved, therefore it becomes all the more necessary for the students of today to know more about illiteracy in India.

Hence we have come up with long essays for students which they educate them on the causes and the currents schemes in place to reduce the illiteracy in India.

Audience: The below given essays are exclusively written for school students (Class 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 Standard) and college students. Furthermore, those students preparing for competitive exams like IAS, IPS and UPSC can also increase their knowledge by studying these essays.

Illiteracy is like an internal disease of independent India. After attaining freedom, we found that our illiteracy is the main obstacle in our development. It feels such a shame that the country which was an ideal for other countries,has high illiteracy rate. Illiteracy in India is mostly prevalent in the rural areas. Few of the reasons for illiteracy in India include poverty, lack of quality education, illiteracy among women, etc.

“The Right to Education” act was passed in 2009, which specified that those children between 6-14 ages, will be given free education and all necessary things. Many other initiatives have been started by the Government to ensure that there is increase in the literacy rate in India. Today, literacy rate in India is at 74.04%. More efforts are still being made and finally there will be a day in future when illiteracy in India will be completely non-existent.

When it comes to illiteracy in India, the statistics could be staggering. There are so many people who have not been imparted even the basic education and their state is pitiable to say the least.

Reasons of Illiteracy in India:

When we are discussing illiteracy in India, it refers to the people who never went to school and were deprived of their right to education. While there are government schools and rules that say primary education is free for all, these rules are often not put into practise. Even in rural areas where the rules are put into practise, parents from poor families put their children to work so that they could assist in piling more income.

The Solution:

The only solution is to make people aware of the need for education. If we want our country to make good amount of progress, it is important for the citizens to be literate. Illiteracy in India is one of the grave problems which need to be remedied before it becomes too huge to handle.

So, try and create awareness campaign and let people know about their basic right to free education. Giving the right incentives might trigger the change which has become the need of the hour.

We hear a lot about ‘ illiteracy ’ in the developing countries. Illiteracy in India is a curse since it holds the people in complete darkness.

Illiteracy is basically defined as the inability of a person to read and write. People with this inability and with lack of knowledge in a particular field or subject are called illiterates.

India is the second largest populated country in the world and its illiteracy rate is also high. Although many initiatives and measures taken by the government have reduced illiteracy to a large extent, still, nearly 287 million people in India are illiterates. This hinders the economic progress of our nation and this must be eradicated.

Let us analyze the main causes for illiteracy in India and the ways to remove it from our society.

Causes for Illiteracy in India:

1. The root cause for high illiteracy rate in India is Poverty . Parents with poor financial background are unable to send their children even to government schools since they cannot afford to buy their books and other necessities.

2. Lack of awareness and gender inequality is another reason for illiteracy in India among girl children in most rural areas.

The first and most important welfare measure that the Government of India can do to its people is to remove illiteracy in India.

1. Education must be made free ; this must include fees, books, uniforms, food, stationeries and everything that the child needs.

2. Awareness programs on the importance of education must be conducted in each and every part of the country.

Conclusion:

“Mass illiteracy is India’s sin and shame and must be liquidated”. – Mahatma Gandhi

In order to uproot illiteracy from India, every citizen must jointly work together with a single motto – ‘Each one – teach one’

Illiteracy is the state of being unable to read or write. India is the home of largest population of adults who are illiterate in the world. There are 287 million people who are illiterate and they account for 37% of the global total. Even though the literacy rate has increased six times since the British rule, from 12% to 74%, still the population of the illiterates is highest. Although there is an achievement of increasing the literacy rate given the large population, however, it cannot be ignored that 1 in every 4 people in the country is illiterate and he/she cannot read or write.

Illiteracy in India is a complex problem with many reasons contributing to the issue. There is gender imbalance, income disparity, state imbalances, caste, technological barriers which lead to the illiteracy rate in the nation. Another reason behind this problem is the inadequate school facilities. The staff employed in most government schools are unskilled and inefficient. Lack of proper sanitation is another reason for children dropping out from schools. Commercialization of education is also one factor that has led to the declining state of education.

With the ever growing population, reducing illiteracy in India continues to be a challenge for our nation. Level of literacy and ability to attain education is the backbone of development in a country like India. It enhances the quality of life, awareness amongst population and skill levels in the society.

There are steps taken by the government to reduce illiteracy in India. In 1993, the Right to Education was incorporated in the Constitution. According to this, children have a fundamental right to free education. But the Right to Education still needs to be extended so that we reach not only the children but also include the adult population of the country. There are other policies and NGOs that focus on making the children and adults literate. “Teach India” is one such initiative. Its objective is to give a platform where the educated people can teach the unprivileged children.

Illiteracy in India is a huge obstacle in its economic growth. Actually, the condition of being incapable of writing or reading is known as illiteracy. There are so many people in India who are living under the darkness of ignorance due to illiteracy and get easily betrayed in other phases of life. It has turned out to be a big scar in the global image of India.

The illiteracy in India has deteriorated the backbone of the nation. It is not merely mystifying the Indian democracy gradually but increasingly also leading the huge democratic system of this nation to trouble.

Today, the Illiteracy in India is quite a big question for the government. It is very important to eradicate the branch and roots of the illiteracy in India for making the life of the people happy and flourishing.

Solutions to the Problem of Illiteracy in India:

To eliminate the problem of Illiteracy in India and to fetch the economic, social, as well as political developments, all the educated people and students must join their hands altogether in all probable manners. The following are few solutions to the problem of Illiteracy in India to some extent:

1. There are some great efforts by the U.N.O. for removing the issue of illiteracy in India which is an under-developed nation. In fact, they have also declared the year 1990 as the Global Literacy year.

2. The calendars and postal stamps have been issued by the central government for this purpose but such things are not adequate for advertising of literacy in a big nation like India.

3. The government should construct more schools all over India and there must be sufficient budgets in the State and Central government to overcome the issue of illiteracy in India.

4. There should be more efforts by the Indian government to bring each kid to the school. In fact, they should also prohibit the child labor to achieve this solution.

5. Charitable societies including the non-formal or formal educational organizations must help the poor people in becoming literate.

It is true to say that only government cannot handle the difficult mission of eliminating illiteracy in India. People have to volunteer to carry out this national obligation so that the drive of eradicating the illiteracy in India can turn into a huge mass movement. Assuredly, India can rank behind over the socio-economic development in comparison to the other nations if the intellectuals of the nations do not think sincerely over this harmful sickness of illiteracy in India.

Illiteracy in India is the biggest stigma on the socio-economic progress of modern times. Although the literacy rate in the country has enhanced to 74.04% (in 2011) from the 12% at the time of our independence in 1947. According to the 2011 census, the effective literacy rate for the males was 82.14% and for females, it was 65.42%.  Illiteracy in India has resulted in a negative impact on family planning and population control efforts in India. Although we are on our way to improve the literacy rate, but we are still behind as the world average literacy rate is 84%.

Reasons behind Illiteracy in India:

Poverty is one of the foremost problems faced by India for ages. Poverty becomes a root cause of the widespread illiteracy in India. Families who struggle for their daily bread cannot afford education for their children. Apparently these people tend to make their children work to cope with the financial problems.

Lack of School Facilities:

Illiteracy in India is proliferated as schools are out of reach for the underprivileged people living in rural areas. The schools in rural areas of India lack in various issues like the medium of transportation. Students in rural areas have to walk for miles to reach the school. Most of these schools are deprived of funds, qualified staff, proper seating arrangements, sanitation facilities, healthy food and education friendly environment.

Social Problems:

A large percentage of children are deprived of even basic primary school education due to major social problems like caste discrimination, child marriage, child labour. Illiteracy in India is accentuated by the huge gender bias exists against females in terms of education. A girl child is denied education by stating illogical reasons like her existence is only to take care of her family and kids.

Impacts of Illiteracy in India:

Illiteracy in India affects the personal growth of people and the economic progress of the country. Lack of education makes people unqualified for so many job opportunities. Living becomes difficult when they are not able to get jobs and earn money. Such people are unable to earn money and they incline to the crime world and earn living by unethical and wrong ways.

Steps Taken by the Indian Government to mitigate illiteracy in India:

Both Central and State Government have undertaken many initiatives and schemes to eradicate Illiteracy in India. The Sarva Shikasha Abhiyan operating since 2002 covers people who domains, especially elderly citizens and women to provide primary education. National Literacy Mission Program was implemented in 1988 to educate millions of people in India. Saakshar Bharat is another program which aims 80% literacy level at the national level, focusing on literacy among women. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act is an act passed by the Parliament in 2009. It is a very instrumental law with a panoramic aim to mitigate illiteracy in India, where it safeguards compulsory education for children of age between 6- 14 years in top quality schools.

Illiteracy in India has been deeply rooted since ages. The country has tremendously derailed its process at the hands to severe illiteracy. The government of India and a large number of Non-Governmental Organizations are working hand in hand to spread the awareness on the importance of education. As responsible citizen we all must contribute to uplift our fellow countrymen and completely eliminate illiteracy from India.

Introduction:

Illiteracy in India is a huge problem. Illiteracy means the inability to read or write anything. Even when the person has acquired a basic education but is facing difficulty in reading and writing, he or she would be considered illiterate.

Compared to the other developed and developing countries in the world such as France, UK, USA, and Japan, the current scenario of illiteracy in India is quite poor. While we understand that for the wholesome growth of a country, education plays an indispensable role, for one or the other reason, we are lagging behind when it comes to dealing with the illiteracy in India.

Causes of Illiteracy in India:

Illiteracy in India is a combined outcome of many problems in our country. In fact, the reason why we still have such a high percentage of illiteracy in India points toward everything that’s wrong with our nation. Let’s take a quick look at the factors responsible for the issue of illiteracy in India.

The first reason is the enormously growing population in the country. Every time we cross another milestone in population growth, the gap between the number of people to be educated and the volume of available resources increases. In other words, the resources created to educate people, fall short and this brings us back to the same endless loop of illiteracy in India.

Females make up for around half of the population in India. That means when girls and women are not getting an education due to gender discrimination, half of the nation is being deprived of the education. This is another great contributor to illiteracy in India.

The cultural backwardness in the rural areas, poverty, and lack of awareness are equally to blame for the curse of illiteracy in India. Either the parents are unaware of the importance of education or they are too poor to manage for their bare minimum necessities, let alone the education of their kids. So, the problem of illiteracy in India remains as it is.

Drawbacks of Illiteracy in India:

Honestly, it is beyond our imagination to fathom all the consequences of illiteracy in India. We are paying grave prices on economical fronts already. The lesser education ratio we have, the lower is the national income of the country.

Diving deeper into this context, take a moment and picture what the kids and youths would grow up to be under these current circumstances of illiteracy in India. India would have an intellectually toothless and gullible generation with no thought process of its own.

With zero education to back them up, what chances do our young ones have when they begin to look for a source of earning? Nil. It is easy to see how the illiteracy in India would certainly impact each and every aspect of their lives like health, employment opportunities, family planning, etc., and hinder their overall progress.

How to Overcome the Problem of Illiteracy in India:

In order to break the evil spell of illiteracy in India, we need to take some strong steps according to the nature of the obstacles. For instance, the poverty factor can be dealt by providing free education and books (new or used), scholarships to lower the rate of illiteracy in India.

We can have a provision of night classes for the adults as well. With proper resources, opening more schools in rural areas is an effective solution for illiteracy in India.

Enhancing the quality of education and providing efficient teachers are also some of the measures to overcome illiteracy in India.

Fighting illiteracy in India would be easier by creating more awareness among the common people. When the public would understand the value of education, the rate of illiteracy in India would fall down naturally.

Illiteracy in India is a very serious problem, which will even affect the development of our country. Our literacy rate has increased massively when compared to those at the time of independence, but it is not a cent percent improvement when compared to the population rate. There are many reasons for this unhealthy illiteracy in India, and the effects they cause individually and nationally.

This increase in literacy rate also includes those who can just read two or three alphabets and those are not properly literate. There should be well maintained and standard education offered to every single child born, to avoid this state of illiteracy in India, which will, of course, reflect in the nation’s development.

Reasons for Illiteracy in India:

1. Population and Poverty – The increase in population rate is one of the major cause for illiteracy in India. Population growth has made it too much difficult to fulfil all the needs ultimately to all children in our country. Illiteracy in India, especially in rural areas is to the peak that people in such areas don’t get access to even basic primary education due to the ignorance of the population increase.

The rising number of students has also considerably increased the demand for more educational institutes like schools, colleges, libraries, laboratories, hostels, etc. Lack of a quality educational system that reach the poor hands, when compared to urban areas is also an important reason for illiteracy in India.

Illiteracy in India is also due to the growing poverty rate. Even though government and private owned institutes are available in almost all Indian cities and rural areas, due to poverty many families refuse their children to attend school. Instead of education, they choose labor works for their kids so that they can earn a living that results in illiteracy in India.

Those people who are rich and with resources will get their children educated easily from standard institutions, but those who are unaware and less with resources will opt for jobs rather than educating their kids. Unemployment can also be related to illiteracy in India. When the parents lack regular income, which helps them to afford the children’s education, the family will face poverty and also illiteracy in India will increase.

2. Unhygienic and Unhealthy Environment – This can also be considered as a crisis and the increase in population causes illiteracy in India.  Illiteracy in India is a direct outcome of the irresponsible handling of the educational institution that will force parents and society to avoid those places. Institutions with unhygienic washrooms, improper seating and classroom facilities, unhealthy canteens or food items will affect the rate of illiteracy in India. Such conditions will discourage the children as well as their parents from continuing their education from the institution and due to their lack of affordability they won’t be able to opt for another school or college.

3. Gender and social discrimination – A massive and undeniable cause for illiteracy in India is the backward thinking of dominating citizens. Education is almost denied in India for backward classes due to their caste difference and gender difference.

A lot of schemes and policies are initiated to avoid this condition but the unawareness of people in remote areas has increased the illiteracy in India. Child marriage and thoughts like girls are meant for household works has impacted on the literacy rate. In many rural villages and even in some urban cities, girls are denied education just because of their gender and this in turn increases the illiteracy in India.

4. Low-quality education – Lack of qualified and dedicated teachers and professors are another reasons for illiteracy in India. This will result in the degradation of the knowledge children acquire from such teachers and will result in low-quality education.

Effects of Illiteracy in India:

Illiteracy in India is a major cause of the nation’s slow growth and development. Lack of qualified education and basic knowledge has resulted in a lack of economic growth as well. Literate and talented students are the future of our country. They are the people who will help in our country’s growth.

The personal and mental growth of a person is also affected by education. Illiteracy in India has also caused many major crimes from evolving and reduces the social awareness of a person. Illiteracy in India and its unawareness create lack of discipline and social behavior in people which in turn results in unethical characteristics in them.

This cause of illiteracy in India can also be as a result of the difficulty in earning a living which will eventually lead the people to carry out their lives in such irresponsible ways.

Illiteracy in India can be reduced by offering more standard and affordable educational institutions that are easily available and reached by both rich and poor.

Illiteracy in India has always been one of the major concerns for socio-economic reforms in the country. In fact, India is a country with one of the most illiterate populations in the world. In order to make India compete with the global population, it is necessary to focus on the reduction of the rate of illiteracy in India.

Definition:

The ability to read and write is what defines a literate person and explains what literacy is all about. A person who is unable to read and write is called an illiterate person.

India is a country where more than half of the population is engaged in agriculture leading to illiteracy in India. In fact, the percentage of this population was 75% of the overall population until the last decade. However, with the increase in urbanisation and acceptance of modern techniques and occupations, there has been a shift with people opting for other occupations as well other than agriculture.

Moreover, among the total population, the percentage of illiteracy in women is far higher than that of men. This is because women in India, especially in the rural regions are dependent on the men for most of their activities. That is why women are not encouraged to go to schools and study and hence contribute to the high rate of illiteracy in India.

Another factor which has largely been responsible for the lack of interest in people being literate is the technology of agricultural practices in India. Most of the agricultural practices in India have been basic in nature. Therefore, the need for being educated to use the new technologies has not bothered the general population of the country. However, with the onset of the green revolution, there has been an increase in the farmers being literate since the last decade.

Lack of educational facilities is another contributor to the high rate of illiteracy in India. Even if the poor and the underprivileged want to study, there are not enough educational facilities available in the villages. For instance, there are still places in India where children have to walk for miles before reaching to school. In the absence of proper roads and transport facilities, they are often forced to skip school during extreme weather conditions. This itself takes out the motivation in them to study further.

Moreover, at the time India attained independence from the British on 15 th August 1947, it was struggling with means to give basic quality life to its citizens such as food, water and shelter. Therefore it took time for the subsequent governments to come up with schemes and policies in place to make the citizens of our country literate. Additionally, there is a wide disparity between the rich and the poor in our country. The high rate of illiteracy in India has widened this gap further.

Importance of Education as Mentioned in the Constitution of India:

The importance of education has been recognised by the Constitution of India as well. There have been different rules and regulations in place which protect the right of education of all the citizens of our country.

Education for minorities has always been a concern for all governments. The cultural and educational rights of the minorities are guaranteed under Article 30 of the Constitution.

Free and Compulsory Education for All is a right guaranteed under the Constitution of India. Equal educational opportunities are to be provided to all the citizens of the country is a factor governed under the Directive Principles of State Policy. It also finds mention in article 41, 45 and 46 of the Constitution of India.

All such laws are intended to remove illiteracy in India. However, the implementation of these rules has always been a challenge due to the different mindsets of the affected population.

Initiatives by the Government of India:

There have been many initiatives by the Government of India in order to decrease the rate of illiteracy in India. The government has come with various schemes and policies to this effect.

Free Education – In order to achieve its goal of reducing the rate of illiteracy in India, the Government of India has initiated free education, especially for the people in rural areas and the ones who belong to the below poverty line (BPL) category. In fact, this scheme is one of the successful schemes of the Government of India and has led to an increase the student enrolment in rural areas.

Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan – The Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan has been in implementation since the year 2001. This scheme focuses on elementary education in the country. Achievement of universal primary education has been the aim of this scheme. The scheme has found popularity both in rural as well as urban areas.

Through this scheme, the Government of India has the vision that if it is able to educate the children of our country, the rate of illiteracy in India of the current and future generations shall come down drastically. Other schemes such mid-day meals where children are provided food in the school are in place so that the poor parents need not to worry about the health of the children and allow them to study. Also, uniform and books are provided free of cost of the children have been in place in order to motivate the poor to send their children to school.

It is very sad that even after so many years of attaining freedom, there is still a high rate of illiteracy in India and we are far from becoming a fully literate country. People in rural areas are still struggling with basic facilities such as food, water and shelter. Education perhaps has taken a backseat due to the primitive mindsets of the people. However, there have been many initiatives by the Government which have been successful in evolving in people in rural areas.

Now people are more than ready to send their children to school. With the young generation becoming literate, the future of the next generations seems bright. But, people should also realise that they should utilise the facilities provided by the Government to the fullest and help in reducing the rate of illiteracy in India.

Education , Illiteracy , Social Issues

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Environment.

                 ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਭਵ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ ਆਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਪਾਣੀ, ਹਵਾ, ਸੂਰਜ ਦੀ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ, ਧਰਤੀ, ਅੱਗ, ਜੰਗਲ, ਜਾਨਵਰ, ਪੌਦੇ, ਆਦਿ. ਇਹ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪੂਰੇ ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਚ ਸਿਰਫ ਧਰਤੀ ਇਕੋ ਇਕ ਘਰ ਹੈ ਜਿਥੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀ ਹੋਂਦ ਲਈ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ. ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ, ਅਸੀਂ ਇੱਥੇ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਦੀ ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ, ਇਸੇ ਲਈ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਨੂੰ ਤੰਦਰੁਸਤ ਅਤੇ ਬਰਕਰਾਰ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਵਿਚ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਦੀ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਯਕੀਨੀ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕੇ. ਇਹ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਰਹਿਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਹਰੇਕ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਹੈ. ਸਭ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਗੇ ਆਉਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਲਈ ਮੁਹਿੰਮ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ.

                 ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦੇ ਸੰਤੁਲਨ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਰੱਖਣ ਲਈ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਅਤੇ ਜੀਵਿਤ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਨਿਯਮਿਤ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਕਈ ਚੱਕਰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, ਜੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਕਾਰਨ ਕਰਕੇ ਇਹ ਚੱਕਰ ਵਿਗੜ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਤਾਂ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦਾ ਸੰਤੁਲਨ ਵੀ ਵਿਗੜਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਆਖਰਕਾਰ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ. ਸਾਡਾ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਾਡੀ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਜੀਵ-ਜੰਤੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਉੱਗਣ, ਵਿਕਾਸ ਕਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਫੁੱਲਤ ਕਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ. ਮਨੁੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਧਰਤੀ ‘ਤੇ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਬੁੱਧੀਮਾਨ ਜੀਵ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਬਾਰੇ ਜਾਣਨ ਦੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਉਤਸੁਕਤਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤਕਨੀਕੀ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਦੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਵੱਲ ਲੈ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ.

               ਹਰ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੀ ਤਕਨੀਕੀ ਤਰੱਕੀ ਦਿਨੋ ਦਿਨ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖਤਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਸਾਡਾ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਹੌਲੀ ਹੌਲੀ ਤਬਾਹ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ. ਅਜਿਹਾ ਲਗਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਕ ਦਿਨ ਇਹ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਲਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੁਕਸਾਨਦੇਹ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਹਵਾ, ਮਿੱਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਣੀ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਿਤ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, ਇਸ ਨੇ ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ, ਜਾਨਵਰਾਂ, ਪੌਦਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਜੀਵਤ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿਹਤ ‘ਤੇ ਮਾੜੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਦਿਖਾਉਣਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ. ਮਿੱਟੀ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਨੁਕਸਾਨਦੇਹ ਰਸਾਇਣਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਨਾਲ ਨਕਲੀ ਰੂਪ ਨਾਲ ਤਿਆਰ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਖਾਦਾਂ ਅਪ੍ਰਤੱਖ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਡੇ ਰੋਜ਼ਾਨਾ ਖਾਣ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਾਡੇ ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕੱਤਰ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ. ਉਦਯੋਗਿਕ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਕਲਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਨੁਕਸਾਨਦੇਹ ਧੂੰਏਂ ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਹਵਾ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਸਾਡੀ ਸਿਹਤ ਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਤ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਅਸੀਂ ਹਰ ਪਲ ਸਾਹ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ.

               ਇਸ ਵਿਅਸਤ, ਭੀੜ ਭਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਵਿਚ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਛੋਟੀਆਂ ਮਾੜੀਆਂ ਆਦਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਧਿਆਨ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ. ਇਹ ਸੱਚ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਹਰ ਕਿਸੇ ਦੀ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੀ ਜਿਹੀ ਕੋਸ਼ਿਸ਼ ਨਾਲ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਵਿਗੜਦੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦੀ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਚ ਇਕ ਵੱਡੀ ਸਕਾਰਾਤਮਕ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਲਿਆ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ. ਸਾਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਸੁਆਰਥ ਲਈ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ ਇੱਛਾਵਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਸਰੋਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਰਵਰਤੋਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਨੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ. ਸਾਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ ਦਾ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਇਹ ਸੁਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਕਰੋ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਡੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਨੂੰ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਨਹੀਂ ਪਹੁੰਚਾਏਗਾ. ਸਾਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਨਵੀਂ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਸਾਡੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਕ ਸੰਤੁਲਨ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਦੀ.

ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਫਰਜ਼

                  ਅਸੀਂ ਇਕ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਜਾਨਵਰ ਹਾਂ, ਸਮਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿਚ ਵਿਕਾਸ, ਖੁਸ਼ਹਾਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਲਿਆਉਣ ਲਈ ਸਾਡੀਆਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀਆਂ ਹਨ. ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀਆਂ ਨਿਭਾਉਣ ਲਈ, ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਨੇ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਕੁਝ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਹਨ। ਵਿਅਕਤੀਗਤ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਲਈ ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਕਰਨ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ. ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਲੋਕਤੰਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਪੂਰੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ‘ਤੇ ਅਧਾਰਤ ਹੈ. ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਆਮ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਡੇ ਤੋਂ ਵਾਪਸ ਨਹੀਂ ਲਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ. ਸਾਡਾ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਸਾਨੂੰ 6 ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ:

                 ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ; ਇਹ ਇਕ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਸ਼ਣਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ, ਲਿਖਣ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਜਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ meansੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਯੋਗ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ. ਇਸ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਇੱਕ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਅਲੋਚਨਾ, ਅਲੋਚਨਾ ਜਾਂ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਬੋਲਣ ਲਈ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਹੈ. ਉਹ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਕੋਨੇ ਵਿਚ ਕੋਈ ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਹੈ.

ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ; ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਰਾਜ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਥੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਲੋਕ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਅਸੀਂ ਸਾਰੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਪਸੰਦ ਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਪਾਲਣਾ, ਅਭਿਆਸ, ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਨਕਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਹਾਂ. ਕਿਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਦੇ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ ਵਿਚ ਦਖਲ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ.

ਬਰਾਬਰੀ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ; ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਮੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਗਰੀਬ, ਉੱਚ ਅਤੇ ਨੀਵੇਂ ਵਿਚ ਕੋਈ ਵਿਤਕਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ. ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਧਰਮ, ਜਾਤ, ਗੋਤ, ਸਥਾਨ ਦਾ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਦਫਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚਾ ਸਥਾਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਸਿਰਫ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੀਆਂ ਯੋਗਤਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਗਤਾਵਾਂ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ.

ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ; ਹਰ ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਬੱਚਾ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਵਿਚ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਪੱਧਰ ਤਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ.

ਸ਼ੋਸ਼ਣ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਸਹੀ; ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਜਾਂ 14 ਸਾਲ ਤੋਂ ਘੱਟ ਉਮਰ ਦੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਤਨਖਾਹ ਜਾਂ ਤਨਖਾਹ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦਾ.

ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨਕ ਉਪਚਾਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ; ਇਹ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਣ ਸਹੀ ਹੈ. ਇਸ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਦੀ ਆਤਮਾ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ. ਜੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਵਿਚ ਇਹ ਮਹਿਸੂਸ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਪਹੁੰਚਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਇਨਸਾਫ ਲਈ ਅਦਾਲਤ ਵਿਚ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ.

ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਅਸੀਂ ਸਾਰੇ ਜਾਣਦੇ ਹਾਂ, ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਫਰਜ਼ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਲਦੇ ਹਨ. ਸਾਡਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਫਰਜ਼ਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਵਿਅਰਥ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੋਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਣਾ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ. ਜੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਦੇਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਤਰੱਕੀ ਦੇ ਰਾਹ ‘ਤੇ ਸੁਚਾਰੂ runੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਚਲਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਫਰਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਹੀਂ ਨਿਭਾਉਂਦੇ, ਤਾਂ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਲਾਭ ਲੈਣ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ. ਸਾਡੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ ਹੋਣਾ

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