how to write a letter to a research professor

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How to Write an Email to a Professor (With Examples)

By Hannah Yang

Table of Contents

How to email a professor in 7 steps, email to professor examples.

Emailing your professor can be a daunting task.

Writing professional emails is never easy, but composing an email to a professor can feel especially nerve-racking. After all, your professors have a lot of control over your academic success and your future career, so you don't want to make a mistake.

So, how exactly do you write a successful email to a professor?

In this article, we’ll give you a step-by-step guide for how to write an email to your professor, plus a set of email templates you can use.

We’ve broken the process of emailing your professor into seven simple steps.

Step 1: How to Write the Subject Line

Start by writing a clear, concise subject line for your email.

Your subject line should be specific to your situation. Ideally, your professor should understand why you’re emailing them without even having to open the body of your message.

For example, if you’re emailing to request an extension for a research paper, you can use the subject line “Research paper deadline extension.” Or, if you’re emailing to ask for a clarification about the syllabus, you can use the subject line “Question about class syllabus.”

Step 2: How to Address a Professor in an Email

You should start your email with a formal salutation.

You can use formal greetings, such as “Dear” or “Hi,” followed by your teacher’s preferred title, whether that’s “Professor [Last Name],” “Mr. [Last Name],” “Ms. [Last Name],” or simply “[First Name].”

If you’re not sure about your professor’s title, “Dear Professor [Last Name]” is always a safe bet.

Step 3: How to Start an Email to a Teacher

Start your email by introducing yourself and explaining which class you’re in. For example, you might write, “My name is Hannah, and I’m a freshman in your ENGL 453 class.”

It’s common for professors to teach multiple classes, especially at large universities, so they don’t always know all their students by name. If you’re emailing from your academic account, they’ll likely be able to see your full name in the system, but it’s still better to be safe than sorry.  

Of course, if you’ve already established a working relationship with your professor, and they know who you are, you don’t have to introduce yourself. Instead, you can start your email with a friendly greeting, such as “I hope your week is going well” or “Happy Friday!”

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Step 4: How to Explain Your Request

Now that you’ve finished your introduction, it’s time to explain all the essential information about why you’re writing this message.

Professors lead busy lives, so try to keep the body of your email as concise as possible. Don’t use a whole paragraph when a single sentence would do.

Try to keep a professional tone while you explain your request. You don’t need to sound overly stiff, but you should generally avoid using slang or making jokes.

If you’re writing about an issue that includes personal details, such as a health issue or the loss of a loved one, it’s okay to be vague when explaining your reasons. Don’t feel pressure to include details about your personal life that you’re not comfortable sharing.

Finally, be specific about what kind of follow-up action you’re requesting from your professor, if any. For example, you can write, “Please let me know if it would be possible to extend the deadline,” or “Please send me your feedback on this draft at your earliest convenience.”  

Step 5: How to End an Email to a Professor

You can end the body of your email with a simple expression of gratitude. You can write something like, “Thank you for your understanding and support,” or simply “Thanks for your time.”

Step 6: How to Sign Off an Email

Sign off your email with a simple closing salutation, followed by your first name.

Keep it simple and polite. Popular choices include “Best,” “Thanks,” “Sincerely,” and “Regards.”

Step 7: Edit Your Email with ProWritingAid

You don’t want to send your professor an email riddled with grammar mistakes, especially if it’s your English professor! And even if they teach a different subject, like math or biology, you still want to make sure you’re putting your best foot forward.

Editing your email with ProWritingAid can help you avoid mistakes. Our editing tool will correct grammar errors, spelling typos, and weak word choices.

You can even ask the tool to help you ensure you’re using a formal tone so your email doesn’t come across as casual or unprofessional.

Now that we’ve gone over the seven steps for writing an email to a professor, let’s look at some examples.

Here are some email templates you can use, depending on your specific situation.  

Sick Email to Professor Example

Subject line: Missing class today

Dear Professor [Last Name],

My name is [your name], and I’m a student in your class [class name]. I’m writing to let you know that I won’t be able to make it to class today, due to health issues. [Insert details if needed].

Please let me know what material we’ll be covering so I can make it up before the next class.

[Your name]

Sample Email to Professor Asking for Help

Subject line: Help with [class name]

My name is [your name]. I’ve been really struggling with your class [class name] this semester, and I’m having a hard time understanding [details].

Would you have time to sit down with me and help me better understand the material? I would welcome any support you can offer.

Thank you in advance! I look forward to hearing from you.

How to Email a Professor About a Grade

Subject line: My grade for [assignment/exam name]

I hope your week is off to a good start!

I recently received my grade for [assignment/exam name], and it was lower than I expected. Could you please tell me where I lost points?

I know you have a busy schedule, but I would really appreciate more details, since I’m sure that information could also help me improve my grades in the future.

Thank you so much for your time!

Sample Email to Professor for Research

Subject line: Research opportunities in your lab

I hope you’re doing well!

My name is [your name], and I’m a [year, major]. I’m writing to ask about research opportunities in your lab next semester.

I’m really interested in the topic you’re researching because [details], and I have experience conducting research with [previous experience, if any].

Please let me know if you have any openings that might be suitable for me. I look forward to hearing from you!

How to Write an Apology Email for Missing a Class

Subject line: Missing class yesterday

I hope your week is going well.

I’m writing to apologize for missing your class [class name] yesterday. I was unable to attend because [details].

I know it was an important class and that I shouldn’t have missed it. I’ll do my best to ensure this doesn’t happen again. Thank you for your support and understanding.

Extension Email to Professor Example

Subject line: Extension for [Assignment Name]

My name is [your name], and I’m a student in your class [class name]. I’m writing to request an extension for our assignment about [assignment details].

I’ve been struggling to complete the assignment in time because of [reasons]. I would really appreciate it if you could extend the deadline to [new deadline date], due to my situation.

Please let me know if that would be okay. Thank you so much for your flexibility.

Thanks again,

How to Write a Follow-Up Email to a Professor

Subject line: Follow-up re: [subject]

I recently emailed you about [topic].

I’m just writing to follow up on my previous email and make sure you’ve received it. If you have, please let me know when I can expect a reply.

Thank you again for your time!

Warm regards,

How to Email a Professor About Getting Into Their Class

Subject line: Joining your class [class name]

My name is [your name], and I’m a [year, major] at [school name]. I’m interested in joining your class [class name]. I’m really fascinated by [topic] because [reasons], and I’ve heard that your class is a must-take class for students interested in [topic].

I don’t know how much demand there is for the class, but I’m curious if there’s anything I should do in advance to increase my chances of getting into the class.

Thank you for your consideration! I look forward to hearing from you.  

There you have it—our guide for composing a clear and professional email to a professor.

Good luck, and happy writing!

Hannah Yang

Hannah is a speculative fiction writer who loves all things strange and surreal. She holds a BA from Yale University and lives in Colorado. When she’s not busy writing, you can find her painting watercolors, playing her ukulele, or hiking in the Rockies. Follow her work on hannahyang.com or on Twitter at @hannahxyang.

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How to Email a Professor Regarding Research

Your email should:.

• have an informative subject line
• be formal: Dear Dr. Smith; Sincerely, Your Name
• not use Mrs. or Ms.
• NOT have slang, abbreviations, or emoticons
• address any qualifications the professor is looking for
• demonstrate your experience
• state specifically your interest in that research group (you need to read the professor's website)
• explain why research is important for your goals
• ask to schedule a meeting or say that you will be coming to office hours

DO NOT SEND THIS EMAIL

Generalized from an email to a UCSC Professor

Hi Joe, 

My name is  Name  and I am a major in  Major .  Is there space in your lab for an undergraduate?  If so, what is the pay rate?

Thanks, Name

DO SEND AN EMAIL LIKE THESE

General email to a stem professor.

Subject:  Meeting to discuss undergraduate research opportunities in  topic

Dear Professor   X ,

I am a year  student at university  majoring in major .   How you found out about the professor's research .   Expression of interest in specific paper or topic.   I would appreciate the chance to talk with you about your research in  topic of interest and about possible undergraduate opportunities in your lab.

My  experience in research   experience or class,  confirmed my intention to develop my research skills and goal.  I know you are very busy. We could schedule an appointment or I can drop by your office hours on  day and time .

I have attached my resume and unofficial transcript.  Please let me know if there is any other information I can provide. I look forward to talking to you soon.

________________________________

Generalized from an email to a UCSC professor

Subject:  Possible undergraduate research opportunities

     I am a (year, major) at (university) and I am writing to ask about opportunities for undergraduate research in your lab beginning (time period) . I have conducted undergraduate research on (topic) with (names) in (program or class) . (Expression of interest in the topic) . I would like to continue a path of research on (topic) and would ultimately allow me to (career goal) . I am especially interested in your previous work on (describe a paper or talk) .

I have attached my CV and unofficial transcript to this e-mail, but if there is additional information that I have not included that you would like, I would be happy to provide it to you. Thank you for your consideration.

Your Name Email address 

________________________

From University of Virginia, How to Sucessfully E-mail Professors

Dear Dr. Smith, My name is X  and I'm a second year biology major at UVa. In my introductory and upper-level coursework, I've developed a passion for science and am extremely interested in pursuing independent research as an undergraduate. An extensive research experience will greatly help me consolidate my future career choice. I am personally greatly interested in the molecular biology of stem cells. Recently I read your 2011 paper on the role of microRNAs in the differentiation of muscle stem cells and became fascinated by your work. In particular, I found it amazing that microRNAs can alter the fate of a cell in such a profound way. If possible, I would love to start working on a long-term project in your lab beginning this summer. Would you be available to meet sometime this week to discuss your research? I would also be happy to volunteer in your lab for a few weeks before we commit to anything to see if this is a good match. My transcript and resume are attached in case you are interested. I look forward to hearing from you! Thank you, X

_________________________

Template from UC Irvine

Dear  Professor X :

My name is  Peter Anteater , and I am very interested in becoming involved in research in  Subject Area . I am a  X  year student with a GPA of  X . I have taken  Courses  and  Additional Experiences . My goal is to  Goal .

I have reviewed your faculty profile and am interested in the work that you have done. I was intrigued by your journal article,  "Article Title."  It  Additional Information about Topic . I would like to get involved in research in this area because it will help me to better prepare for  Goals .

Would it be possible to meet with you to further discuss  Topic  and my possible involvement in research? I am available  Days and Times . I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely, Peter Anteater Student ID Address  Phone Email

University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064

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How to Email a Professor for Research | 21 Example Emails

Table of Contents

Introduction to Email Etiquette for Engaging Professors in Research Endeavors

In the pursuit of academic excellence and professional development, establishing a connection with a professor for research opportunities represents a pivotal step. Crafting an email that succinctly and clearly communicates your intent, respect, and passion for the subject is crucial to initiating a promising collaboration. This guide is structured to assist you in formulating an email that adheres to the conventions of professional academic correspondence and effectively captures the attention of busy professors who are often inundated with requests from students and colleagues alike.

When reaching out to a faculty member, it is imperative to remember that your email not only serves as a reflection of your commitment but also as testament to your communication skills. By utilizing a structured approach and tailoring your message with clarity, you increase the likelihood of receiving a positive response.

How to Email a Professor for Research: Essential Guidelines

Understand the Professor’s Research Interests Research extensively on the professor’s work to tailor your email, showing that you have a sincere interest in their specific research areas.

Keep It Brief and To the Point Professors are often busy; hence, a concise email ensures your message is communicated efficiently without taking up unnecessary time.

Be Clear About Your Intentions State explicitly what you are seeking – whether it’s a research position, guidance on a project, or insights on a research topic.

Highlight Your Background Briefly mention your academic background, any relevant skills, and why you are particularly interested in this research field.

Professional Courtesy Always address the professor formally using their preferred title, and ensure to proofread your email to avoid any typos or grammatical errors.

Show Flexibility Mention your availability for an in-person or virtual meeting to discuss the research opportunity further and indicate your willingness to adapt to the professor’s schedule.

Express Gratitude Conclude your email by thanking the professor for considering your request, showing appreciation for their time and expertise.

Template for Emailing a Professor for Research Opportunities

Subject line.

• Start with a clear, concise subject line that directly states the purpose of the email. Include keywords like “Research Opportunity Inquiry” or “Interest in [Specific Research Area].” The subject line should capture attention and provide insight into the email’s content at a glance.
• Begin with a formal greeting using the professor’s title and last name, such as “Dear Professor [Last Name].” If unsure about the proper title, defaulting to “Professor” is a safe and respectful option.

Introduction

• Briefly introduce yourself, stating your name, your major, and your year of study. It’s crucial to immediately establish who you are to give the professor a context for your email.

Statement of Purpose

• Clearly articulate the purpose of your email. Mention how you became interested in the professor’s work and specify the reason for your outreach. This section should convey your enthusiasm and the relevance of your inquiry to your academic and professional development.

Overview of Academic Background and Interest

• Provide a summary of your academic background relevant to the research interest. Highlight courses, projects, or experiences that have prepared you for research in this area. This part demonstrates your credibility and readiness to engage in research.

Specific Interest in Professor’s Research

• Mention specific aspects of the professor’s research that intrigue you. Referencing recent publications or projects illustrates that your interest is genuine and informed. It also shows you have taken the initiative to understand their work.

Inquiry about Research Opportunities

• Politely inquire about available research opportunities within the professor’s lab or group. Be clear about your desire to contribute and learn, showcasing your motivation to be part of the team.

Availability for Meeting

• Express your willingness to discuss possible research opportunities further and suggest your availability for a meeting. Offering flexibility in scheduling demonstrates respect for the professor’s time.
• Conclude your email with a statement expressing gratitude for the professor’s consideration of your request. Restate your interest briefly and end on a positive note.
• Include a polite closing, such as “Best regards” or “Sincerely,” followed by your name. Beneath your name, provide additional contact information, such as your university email address and phone number, fostering easy communication.

Notes on Tone and Clarity

• Throughout the email, maintain a professional, respectful tone. Ensure the email is concise, clear, and free of jargon that might not be universally understood. Proofread for spelling and grammatical errors to showcase your attention to detail and commitment to a professional demeanor.

By adhering to this structured template, you position yourself as a serious and thoughtful candidate for research opportunities. This approach not only demonstrates respect for the professor’s time but also showcases your capability to communicate effectively in a professional academic setting.

Email Template | How to Email a Professor for Research

Subject: Request for Meeting: Exploring Research Opportunities in [Research Area]

Dear Professor [Last Name],

I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name], a [Your Year] [Your Major] major, deeply interested in [specific topic or field]. Having followed your work on [specific research area/project], I am incredibly inspired and eager to learn more about potential involvement in research opportunities within your specialty.

My academic background includes [mention any relevant courses, projects, or experiences], which I believe have equipped me with a solid foundational understanding of [research area]. I am particularly drawn to your recent work on [mention any specific project or publication], and I see a strong alignment with my interests and career aspirations.

I am reaching out to kindly request a meeting at your convenience to discuss potential research opportunities under your guidance. I am available on [provide a range of dates and times] but am more than willing to adjust to your schedule. During the meeting, I would like to cover:

An overview of my academic background and research interests. A discussion on your current and future research projects. Potential opportunities for me to contribute to your research initiatives. Thank you very much for considering my request. I am looking forward to the possibility of working under your esteemed guidance and contributing to the [specific research area] field.

Warm regards,

[Your Name] [Your University] [Your Contact Information]

Below are example emails to guide you in drafting your request. They are designed to address various situations and to help you articulate your interest in a research opportunity clearly and professionally.

Example Emails

General inquiries.

Dear Professor Smith, I am interested in your work on environmental sustainability and wonder if you currently have any research opportunities for an undergraduate student in this area. Your work aligns perfectly with my academic background in environmental science and my passion for sustainability. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further with you. Thank you for considering my request.

Let’s Meet to Discuss

Hello Professor Johnson, I’ve closely followed your research on renewable energy solutions and am currently seeking opportunities to contribute to this field. With a solid foundation in engineering and a keen interest in sustainable technologies, I am eager to learn from your expertise. Could we possibly schedule a time to explore any potential research positions within your team? Thank you for your time.

A Request- Includes Citing a Publication

Dear Professor Lee, Having read your recent publication on AI in healthcare, I am particularly interested in how technology can be leveraged to improve patient care. As a graduate student in computer science with experience in machine learning, I am seeking opportunities to apply my skills to real-world problems. Are there any openings for research assistants in your projects? Thank you for your consideration.

Looking For Research opportunities

Hi Professor Martinez, I am writing to inquire about research opportunities in your lab, specifically related to genetic editing. As an undergraduate in biology, I am fascinated by the potential of CRISPR technology and eager to gain hands-on experience. I would be honored to discuss how I might contribute to your research. Thank you for your time.”

Specific Project Inquiry

Dear Professor Robinson, After attending your lecture on the historical impact of architectural design, I am inspired to delve deeper into this topic. I am particularly interested in the project you mentioned on urban development patterns. Could I possibly assist with this research in any capacity? I am currently completing my thesis in architecture and believe this experience would be invaluable. Thank you for considering my request.

Seeking Guidance

Hello Professor Thompson, I am reaching out to seek your advice on beginning a research project in the field of cybersecurity. Your extensive work in this area is incredibly inspiring, and I would greatly appreciate any guidance you could offer on how to approach this subject. Thank you very much for your time and assistance.

Expression of Interest in Research Collaboration

I am currently pursuing a Master’s in Biochemistry and am very interested in your recent work on protein folding, which I believe has transformative implications in drug development. With a strong background in molecular biology and a keen interest in pharmaceutical applications, I am eager to contribute to your research team. Could we possibly discuss potential collaboration opportunities?

How to Email a Professor for Research

Inquiry About Research Assistant Position

Having followed your groundbreaking research on climate change and its impacts on marine ecosystems, I am writing to inquire about the possibility of joining your team as a research assistant. My studies in Environmental Science and hands-on experience with GIS tools align well with your needs, and I am enthusiastic about the possibility of contributing to your insightful work.

Request for Guidance on Research Project

I am in the early stages of planning a thesis on the socio-economic impacts of urbanization and greatly admire your expertise in urban sociology. I would appreciate any advice or guidance you could offer and am particularly interested in any opportunities to collaborate or assist in your ongoing research projects.

Seeking Opportunity for PhD Research

I am considering applying for a PhD, and your research area in forensic psychology is closely aligned with my interests, particularly your work on cognitive biases in eyewitness testimonies. Could we schedule a meeting to discuss potential doctoral research opportunities under your supervision?

Proposal for Joint Research Initiative

As a junior researcher in the field of renewable energy systems, I am keen to explore potential synergies between our work. I believe that a collaborative project could be mutually beneficial, particularly in enhancing the efficiency of solar panels using new materials. It would be valuable to discuss a potential joint initiative at your earliest convenience.

Expressing Interest in Lab Work

I am a senior Chemistry major eager to gain more lab experience, particularly in organic synthesis, and I am very interested in your research on non-toxic solvents. Would there be any opportunities to work in your lab, even on a volunteer basis? I am eager to apply my learning in a real-world setting and contribute to your research team.

Applying for a Research Internship

After reviewing your publications on the role of artificial intelligence in public health, I am inspired to apply for the summer research internship advertised on your faculty webpage. With a solid foundation in both public health and computer science, I believe I can offer valuable assistance in your ongoing projects.

Inquiry About Master’s Thesis Supervision

As I finalize my plans for my Master’s thesis in international relations, I am particularly interested in your work on cybersecurity and state sovereignty. I would be honored if you would consider supervising my thesis. Could we meet to discuss this further?

Request for Participation in Field Study

Your field study on the biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest stands out as a landmark research initiative, and I am very interested in participating. As a graduate student in biology with fieldwork experience, I am well-prepared for the challenges of remote research and would be eager to contribute to your team.

Proposal for Research Methodology Consultation

I am currently developing a research proposal centered around the use of mixed methodologies to study educational outcomes. Given your expertise in quantitative research methods, I would greatly value your insights and feedback on my approach.

Seeking Research Collaboration in Engineering

Your innovative research on the design of earthquake-resistant structures is closely related to my work on material science and its applications in civil engineering. Could we explore potential collaboration? I believe both projects could benefit significantly from shared insights and technology.

Request to Join Ongoing Research Project

I am particularly impressed by your ongoing project on the historical analysis of European art movements. As a doctoral candidate specializing in art history, I am eager to contribute my knowledge of Renaissance art. Is there any possibility of joining your project team?

Expressing Interest for Postdoctoral Position

As I near the completion of my PhD in molecular genetics, I am actively seeking postdoctoral positions that align with my research interests and skills. Your lab’s work on genetic markers for neurological diseases is fascinating, and I would like to inquire about possible postdoctoral opportunities.

Inquiry for Research Funding Possibilities

I am in the process of securing funding for a project on smart cities, and your research has been a significant influence on my work. Could we discuss potential funding opportunities or collaborations that might support this research?

Collaborative Proposal for Conference Panel

Would you be interested in collaborating on a panel for the upcoming International Business Conference? Your research complements mine in corporate ethics, and I believe we could offer compelling insights on transparency and governance in new markets.

Note: While templates and automated writing tools like chatGPT can serve as starting points, your email should be a testament to your unique interest and qualifications for the research position. Engaging personally in the composition of your email not only sets you apart but also demonstrates your commitment to professional excellence and continuous development in your chosen field. Remember, the goal is to engage, intrigue, and convince the professor of your potential as a research collaborator. Prioritize clarity, personal relevance, and specificity in your email to ensure it resonates with its recipient.

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Tips for Writing an Email to Faculty about Research

For many students, the best way to get involved in research is to email faculty/principle investigators directly to ask about research opportunities. An email is an opportunity to highlight your shared interest in their research topic and to highlight attributes that will make you a good undergraduate researcher to work with. This page will help you write a concise and targeted email to maximize your chance at a reply.

The subject

Be short, but be clear what you are writing about. Something like “Undergraduate Research Opportunities in Your Lab” or “Openings for Undergraduates to do Research in [your research topic]” should work. Do not simply use “Hi” or “Research” as a subject.

The greeting

A formal greeting is always a safe bet, so always address the recipient using a proper title. When contacting faculty or postdoctoral fellows, “Dear Dr. ______,” is appropriate. If you are contacting someone without a doctorate or M.D., use “Dear Mr. ______,” or “Dear Ms.______” If you are unsure, always err on the side of using “Dr.” Never open an e-mail with “To whom it may concern” or any similarly vague phrase.

The main text

In the first line, identify yourself with your year in school and your major or anticipated major as well as your interest in research (e.g., “I’m a sophomore political science and public policy major looking to do research on voting rights in the South.” or “I’m a first year Neuroscience major and hope to get involved in Alzheimer’s research as soon as I can.”). You also want to explain why you why you are contacting this faculty in particular. It helps to mention how you know the recipient or where you got their contact information. If you took a class with them or have spoken with someone doing research with them, say so. If you are contacting them based on their profile on the department website, it is fine to say something like “When lookin for research opportunities in [subject area], I found information about your research on the department’s website.”

Next, explain your specific interest in this faculty’s research . Your goal here is to establish a shared passion for the particular area in which this faculty member conducts research — the more specific, the better. Are there aspects of their research that fascinate you? Do you want to be able to contribute to the understanding of some specific problem or issue? Is there something about your past classwork or research experience that sparked your interest? If there are broader motivations that drive you, include a sentence in your email explaining them. In addition, it can be helpful to pick a recent paper or book they’ve published and read or skim it. You don’t have to sound like an expert, but it helps to mention a recent finding that interests you and possibly ask a good question about their research (e.g., “Is the protein you study also regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner?”). Be sure to describe any relevant experience or completed courses that would make you well suited to do research with the faculty, but keep in mind your shared interest/passion may be just as important as your background.

One word of caution: you don’t want to make it seem that their lab or their research project is only a stepping stone to the next step in your career (graduate school or medical school) — this might turn off many who are devoted to research and want to recruit students with a shared passion.

Grades and your CV/resume

While grades are certainly not the only factor faculty will consider, you may wish to include your GPA if you feel that it merits mentioning. However, refrain from making it the focal point of a sentence; instead, you can bring it up in the context of wanting some experience outside of class (e.g., “I am enjoying my classes so far and doing well (my GPA is 3.7), but I feel that I will learn a lot more by exploring my interests beyond the classroom”). Similarly, if you have a CV/resume that includes relevant research experience, you may want to include it (e.g., “I’ve attached my resume in case it might be helpful for you to know a bit more about me.”). If your academic qualifications are not as great as you’d hoped (for example, your GPA is on the lower end), you can put off attaching the CV for now and just state that you would be happy to send a CV or any other material if needed.

Concluding sentences and closing

Now you are ready to wrap up with a brief concluding statement. Thank the recipient for their time and ask for an opportunity to meet with them to discuss their research projects and to how to get involved in the type of research they do. A warm but simple closing (“Sincerely,” or “Best regards,”) is fine. It may help to include your email or phone number under your name if you have invited the recipient to contact you.

General considerations and next steps

First, remember to keep the email reasonably short. Two small paragraphs should cover everything you need say. Also, remember to proofread carefully. Spelling and grammar errors will reflect negatively and your attention to detail. Don’t use slang or abbreviations common in texting. Think of the email as something you would turn in for a grade. That said, be yourself! While it is best to be formal, the email does not have to be bland; let some of your personality show through. Lastly, if you don’t receive a reply after about two weeks, it’s okay to follow up by forwarding your original email back to the recipient and politely add “Dear Dr. ______, I’m writing to follow up on my earlier email about research opportunities in [your area of research]. I remain interested in speaking with you about your research if you are able. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.” Faculty are very busy and your persistence may be appreciated, so it’s even okay to send another follow up email after another few weeks if you don’t hear back. After that, it may be time to move on to other opportunities.

Sample email

Dear Dr. ______,

I am a sophomore Computer Science major, and I am especially interested in your research on artificial intelligence.

With artificial intelligence constantly evolving, I am interested in exploring its true capabilities and how machine learning can improve language processing. While looking for research opportunities to explore my passions within artificial intelligence, I came across your Natural Language Processing Group at UNC. Connecting the capabilities of artificial intelligence and exploring its ability to communicate with human language is very captivating. I am enjoying my classes so far and doing well (My GPA is 4.0), but I am eager to supplement my classroom learning with a research opportunity. I feel that I would be able learn more about artificial intelligence by becoming a part of your research group or a similar project on campus. I’ve attached my resume in case it’s helpful for you to know a bit more about me and my research background.

I would appreciate an opportunity to briefly meet with you or someone in your research group to discuss your research and how I might be able to support your work at some point in the next three years. If you are able to meet with me, please let me know some times you are available to talk. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you.

[include a signature with your Name, Major, Class of 202_]

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Aug 8, 2022

How to email a professor with 22 different examples

Learn how to email your professor (and what to avoid doing) and check out 22 sample emails to help you get started.

Lawrie Jones

Table of contents

Is there anything more nerve-racking than sending an email to a professor?

Every student will need to send an email to a professor at some point, whether you're asking for an extension, explaining an absence, or a little extra help. But how do you write an email to a professor?

In this guide on how to email a professor, we break down the steps to writing better messages. You'll learn the structure of a good email to a professor (and what to avoid).

And if this is not enough to convince you that it's easier than you might think, we finish off by providing 22 sample emails to a professor!

If you want to impress your professor with perfect grammar, make sure to try Flowrite :

How to send an email to a professor

So, how do you write an email to a professor? Professors are professional people who will be used to traditional email etiquette. That's not to say that you can't introduce some individuality into your emails; it's just important to show respect. 

You'll understand your relationship better than we do. You can be a little less formal if you feel it's appropriate.

Following the correct email etiquette is essential – and easy. In this article we break it down into steps to illustrate what we mean. We've also written about proper email etiquette on our blog before:

It's also important to keep emails short and to the point. Professors receive hundreds of messages daily and don't have time to delve too deeply to get the information they need. Say who you are, what you want, and why you're messaging upfront.

Should I send an email to a professor?

Classes can be busy, and a professor's time can be limited, so email is an ideal way to communicate with your Professor. Emails enable you to go into detail, create lists and spend time crafting a complex message.  

If your question or comment is urgent or sensitive, consider whether it's better to book a meeting or pull them aside for a chat. 

Only you can decide whether to email a professor.

How long should I wait for a reply?

Professors are people with busy lives and professional responsibilities, so you may need to wait for a reply. But how long should you wait for a response from your Professor?

There are no hard and fast rules on how long to wait for a reply, but the general rule is to give it two or three days before sending a follow-up. You can learn more in our guide on how to write a follow-up email.

Email format for messaging a professor

The email format for a professor should be familiar to anyone who understands the basics of messaging. Here's how it works:

• Subject line

• Body copy

• Signature

If you're unfamiliar with how to write a formal email, check out Flowrite blogs that delve deeper into what makes a great subject line, how to greet someone, appropriate sign-offs, and striking the right tone of voice. 

Subject line for an email to professor

Your subject line should spell out exactly what your message is about. Why? Because professors get hundreds of emails daily, they'll need a reason to open and respond to yours. 

We've provided some examples below.

How to greet a professor in an email

Professors should always be addressed using their titles. You can open an email in a few ways, such as:

• Dear Professor 

• Hi Professor

Avoid casual openings, such as "hey" or "how are you doing?". Instead, always uses your Professor's title to show respect, even if you start an email with "Hi" or "Hello."

How to address professor in email

We've covered the importance of using a professor's title in an email, but there's more to it. When discussing how to address a professor in an email, we're talking about the tone of voice – and getting that right can be tricky.

You'll want to be personal, but being too familiar can cause problems. We've written before about how to hit the right tone, so start there. Our examples below show how we've put this into practice.

How to start an email to a professor

An excellent way to start your email is by stating who you are and explaining what your message is about. As we've established, professors receive hundreds of messages every day, so they'll skim-read your message. Unless you're clear with what you want, you could find it binned.

You can see 22 examples of how to address your emails and get to the point as soon as possible.

How to sign off an email to professor

There are several ways you can end an email you a professor. Traditionally, you'd use "your sincerely," but today, you can be a little less formal. Some safe email endings to a professor include:

• Kind regards

• Yours sincerely

Email to professor examples

So, we've explained the basics of emailing your Professor; now it's time to put it into practice with samples. Here are 22 email to professor examples that should cover any scenario. So, whether you're asking for advice, access to a class, or a little extra support, we've got a template for you. 

22 sample emails to a professor

Here are 22 examples of how to email your Professor. These should cover a whole range of situations that you could find yourself in. As with all our templates, use them as inspiration, and be sure to adapt them to your specific situation. 

Ready to get writing to your Professor? Then let's begin.

1. How to write an excuse email to professor example

2. how to email professor for extension example, 3. how to email professor asking for extra credit example, 4. how to email a professor about failing a class example, 5. how to send a follow-up email to a professor, 6. how to write a formal email to a professor example, 7. how to email a professor about getting into their class example, 8. how to email a professor about a grade example, 9/ how to introduce yourself in an email to a professor example, 10. how to ask professor to accept late assignment email example, 11. how to email a professor for a letter of recommendation example, 12. how to email professor about missing class example, 13. how to write a polite email to a professor example, 14. how to write a professional email to a professor example, 15. how to write a proper email to a professor example, 16. how to ask a question to a professor email example, 17. how to write a reminder email to professor example, 18. how to reply back to a professor's email example, 19. how to email a professor about research example, 20/ how to schedule an appointment with a professor email example, 21. how to email professor about being sick example, 22. how to write a thank you email to a professor example, closing words.

Writing emails to a professor can cause mild anxiety, but it doesn't need to be so. We hope that breaking down how to email a professor into steps and providing a massive number of samples will help.

It's essential to understand the principles of crafting professional emails, such as an email to a professor – now it's time to put it into practice.

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How to Write a Professional Email: How to email a research professor

• How to write a email letter of recommendation
• How to email a research professor
• "I missed class" example
• "Help on lecture information" example

Waht it should contain

Your email should:

• Have an informative subject line
• Be formal: Dear Dr. Smith; Sincerely, Your Name
• not use Mrs. or Ms.
• NOT have slang, abbreviations, or emoticons
• If applying for an opening:
• Address any qualifications the professor is looking for
• Demonstrate your experience

When asking for a research opportunity: state specifically your interest in that research group (you need to read the professor's website) explain why research is important for your goals ask to schedule a meeting or say that you will be coming to office hours

DO NOT SEND THIS EMAIL

Subject: Research Job Op

Hi Joe, 

My name is Name and I am a major in Major.  Is there space in your lab for an undergraduate?  If so, what is the pay rate and the hours?

Thanks, Name

DO SEND THIS EMAIL

Subject:  Possible undergraduate research opportunities

Dear Dr. Professor,I am a (year, major) at (university) and I am writing to ask about opportunities for undergraduate research in your lab beginning (time period). I have conducted undergraduate research on (topic) with (names) in (program or class). (Expression of interest in the topic). I would like to continue a path of research on (topic) and would ultimately allow me to (career goal). I am especially interested in your previous work on (describe a paper or talk).

I have attached my CV and unofficial transcript to this e-mail, but if there is additional information that I have not included that you would like, I would be happy to provide it to you. Thank you for your consideration.

Ambitous Student Email address 

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• Next: "I missed class" example >>
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How To Write An Email To Your Professor—6 Copy-Paste Templates

Jun 25, 2022

Blog Academic Institutions How To Write An Email To Your Professor—6 Copy-Paste Templates

Do you ever struggle with what to say to a professor in an email? Writing an email to a professor requires more thought than sending a text to a friend.

It’s important to treat interactions with your professors in a mature, competent way. When you do that, your professors will be more inclined to help you. Plus, you’ll demonstrate to them that you can conduct yourself professionally—which will impress them and make them remember you for when opportunities arise, give them positive things to say about you in letters of recommendation and more.

Today’s blog will provide multiple email templates that you can use when emailing your professor in any of these common situations.

Scheduling a Meeting

If you want to schedule a meeting with a professor to go over an assignment, ask clarifying questions from class or questions about an upcoming exam, but can’t attend your professor’s regular office hours, use this template: Subject: Meeting About _____

Dear Professor (or however your professor address him/herself, i.e. Dr., first name, etc.) _____,

      I hope all is well. I started working on my assignment for _____ and I just had a couple of questions to make sure that I am on the right track. I also wanted to ask a question about yesterday’s lesson on _____, as I was a little confused and I want to ensure that I fully understand the content for the test next week. I know on the syllabus you mentioned that you have available office hours at _____ but I am not able to make it. Will you be at your desk at _____ or _____. Thank you, _____ Asking How to Improve Your Grade on an Assignment or Exam

If you’re unsatisfied with your grade on a recent assignment or exam, here is a template that will help you ask your professor on how to improve or if there are any extra credit options. Even though you’re probably frustrated with your grade, make sure to email your professor in a kind, professional way. Subject: Extra Support on _____

Dear Professor _____,

      I hope all is well and that you enjoyed your weekend. I saw that you posted the grades for our last reports. I was a little surprised and discouraged by my grade.

      I was wondering if you offer any extra credit opportunities, revisions or if you have any advice for me on how to improve on a future assignment. Are you available to meet _____ or _____ to discuss my report and a plan? Let me know what works for you.

I look forward to hearing from you,

Best, _____

Requesting an Extension

If you’re having a really tough, busy few weeks and you have an important assignment coming up, but you need more time to complete it, here is a template on how to tell your professor what is going on and to kindly ask for an extension. Be very specific about why you need an extension. Everyone is juggling multiple priorities, so telling your professor only that you’ve been “stressed out, sick or busy” isn’t enough. Explain the specific barriers you’ve faced when trying to complete the assignment. Even better, attach a note from your coach, employer or doctor who can attest to why you need an extension. Subject: Extension on _____

    I hope all is well. I have been extremely busy and stressed with assignments in other classes and with _____ (sports practice, on-campus job, other commitment, health condition, etc.). I do not think that I will be able to submit my best work to you with all of the other tasks on my agenda. I was wondering if you would consider granting me an extension on our upcoming project/paper and submit it by ______?

Asking for a Letter of Recommendation

If you know of a professor that you are close with or one who enjoys working with you, here is a template on how to ask for a recommendation for a future job or graduate school. Make sure that you give your professor at least two months’ notice so they have time to write a thoughtful recommendation.

Subject: Letter of Recommendation for _____

      I hope all is well and that you had a great _____ (summer, winter break, fall semester, etc…) I am applying for a _____ (summer internship, full-time job, graduate program, summer program, etc…) at _____. I really value and appreciate how you have helped me grow as a student and cultivated my interest in ____. The position requires a letter of recommendation, and I was wondering if you would consider writing one for me? If you are able to write it, I will follow up with a deadline and any additional information. I have attached a resume and cover letter below as a reference. I look forward to hearing from you, Kind Regards, _____ Information about a Particular Class

If you’re picking classes for the upcoming semester and you have researched a few classes or are unsure what you want to choose, here is a template that will help you ask a professor for more details on a class. If you have never taken a class with this professor before, make sure that you fully introduce yourself. Subject: Information on _____

      My name is _____ and I am a rising _____. I am trying to narrow down a few classes for the next semester. I am interested in _____ and I am considering majoring in _____. I was doing some research in the course catalog and I found your class. I am emailing you to see if you would consider sharing more details and potentially the syllabus on _____. Or, if you could refer me to a student who took this class who I could contact, that would be very helpful.

Thank you, _____

Personal Advice

If you developed a close relationship with a professor and you’re having a personal problem, here is a template to help if you feel comfortable enough to reach out to him or her.

Subject: Personal Help With _____

      I hope all is well. I recently encountered/am struggling with _____ and I’d love to talk to you about it. Will you be available _____ or _____ so I can come in and discuss this with you?

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How to Email a Professor: 11 Tips from Real Professors

#scribendiinc

Written by  Jes D.A .

Email etiquette is a common struggle for students. It's important to nail down, though, because the professors on the other end of your emails are etiquette professionals. And while that's a little more than intimidating, it also means that we can go directly to the source—real-life professors!—to learn how to email a professor.

The professors we contacted gave comprehensive responses full of wonderful and thoughtful feedback that will help students write better emails. Many themes recurred, and it was often easy to tell that the professors had strong feelings about certain etiquette matters.

From tips on salutations to content and everything in between, these professors have provided advice to help you with emailing your professors based on real-life scenarios.

They've seen the worst of your emails; they've seen the best of your emails. So what's the takeaway?

1. Have a firm grasp of the English language

It's important to be self-aware when you're composing an email. If you have a firm grasp of the English language, you should be able to write a grammatically correct email in which everything is spelled appropriately, the word choice is academic, and the tone is appropriate.

However, the English language is tricky, and nailing down the minute details can be difficult. If you struggle with grammar or tend to overlook errors, it will be difficult to communicate professionally with your professor. As such, you may wish to have your writing proofread to ensure that your email is completely error-free.

Dr. Brandon Gilroyed, an anaerobic digestion and biofuel research assistant professor at the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus , notes the importance of proper spelling and grammar when emailing a professor: "I have seen plenty of emails written entirely in lowercase and without any punctuation, likely because the message was written on a smartphone."

While writing on your phone might be more convenient, Dr. Gilroyed states that it still denotes poor etiquette. "It is difficult to take the sender of a message riddled with spelling and grammatical errors seriously," he says.

Dr. Ted Vokes, an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Psychology at the University of Windsor , has taught more than 100 courses, between the Department of Psychology and the Odette School of Business. So he understands the difference between a well-written and poorly written email. He says, "If it's worth sending the email, it's worth reading over before one sends it. I really want to help students, but if I can't understand the question, I am at a loss as to how to help."

2. Look over your email address

Here's another tip where self-awareness is key. Email using your student email address, if you have one. If you don't or you can't use it for some reason, be very conscious about what your private email address is communicating to your professor. I had to change the email address here for privacy reasons, but I can tell you that Dr. M.J. Toswell, a professor in the Department of English at Western University , noted that she once received an email sent from an account as unprofessional as "[email protected]," which is her "best example of a bad email account." Agreed!

Clearly, an email address like this doesn't send a professional message to your professor, and etiquette is all about professionalism. However, there's an even bigger problem with using private email accounts: spam filters. Dr. Toswell recounts:

My all-time favorite was a sequence from last year, on a Friday evening. The first email at 8 p.m. asked me whether an assignment was really due online on Monday night. The second email at 9 p.m. asked why I hadn't answered the first email yet. Both were addressed "Hey" and sent from a private email address that landed in my spam so I didn't see them until Saturday morning, and nearly deleted them because the subject line was blank too.

So the best-case scenario is that you lose that much-needed professionalism, and the worst-case scenario is that your email winds up unread. Be very aware of the email address you use to email a professor, and carefully consider what it might be communicating.

3. Check the syllabus before you start emailing

Most of the professors noted that students often already have the information they're seeking before they send an email. Dr. Toswell emphasizes that her "biggest woes" are related to the importance of checking the information that's already available to you before you start sending emails.

She notes that students often ask where or when exams are, what content is included on exams, or even to be exempt from exams, all just hours before an exam is set to begin. Dr. Toswell says, "It's hard to explain politely that the course materials, the syllabus, and my in-class discussions have covered these issues, and they should look at the website."

She advises, "Before shooting off that email, it can never hurt to read carefully over the syllabus to see if the information is included there." This will ensure you won't come across as inattentive or lazy to your professors, which will not give the best impression if you're asking a question or requesting a favor. Dr. Jones also hints that checking the syllabus also applies to salutations: "Often the syllabus will give the professor's preferred form of address." On that note . . .

4. Overthink the salutation

Since the salutation of an email is usually only a couple of words, it's easy to overlook. However, the salutation requires careful consideration, especially since it's the first line of your email.

First, make sure you include one! "I have to say that the lack of any salutation (launching right into 'I want . . .' or 'Where is . . .' or 'Can I . . .') . . . is the quickest way to get my back up before I even read the body of the message," Dr. Jones states. Some kind of greeting comes off as more friendly, polite, and professional.

Dr. Gilroyed notes that it's common to get emails that are too casual, beginning simply with "Hey." Dr. Jan Plug, Associate Professor and Director of the Centre for the Study of Theory and Criticism at Western University, agrees that students should avoid addressing their professors this way. He states, "Of course, all of this depends on how well the student knows the professor, but when starting a conversation, a bit too much formality might not be too much." He suggests using a simple "Dear" or "Hello" instead. "Things may get more familiar over time, but you really can't go wrong starting off in this way."

Dr. Vokes notes that a casual greeting, though, can be appropriate in some situations. Consider how well you know the professor. If you've already corresponded with this professor through email and in class, you may wish to use a more casual greeting. Dr. Vokes states, "I'm totally fine with 'Hi Dr. Vokes.' I set a casual tone in class, so I'm pleased when students feel comfortable to ask questions via email or in person in this manner."

He notes that there's a fine line, though: "What I never appreciate is something like 'Hey! Is there class tonight?' Once I even had a student send me an email which said, 'Hey, dude . . . do we have to come to class today?' (it was snowing out)." He suggests that it doesn't give the best first impression to receive an email that begins, "Hi Ted." Dr. Jones agrees: "I've often had emails starting 'Hey' or 'Yo!' or 'Dude!' This is fine for friends but not appropriate for an email to your professor."

5. Address your professor appropriately

The way you address your professor communicates something both about you and about the person you're emailing, so it needs attention. Dr. Jones notes that your email "requires a formal salutation and a recognition of the professor's professional status (and your own!)."

In addition, Dr. Plug says that "students can tend to be too familiar in their email style too quickly." You need to address your professor correctly, of course, carefully considering his or her title. If your professor has a doctorate, he or she might not want to be called "Professor." Similarly, he or she might not appreciate a "Mr." or "Mrs." and might prefer being addressed as "Professor."

It's also best to avoid gendered addresses. The female professors contacted often cited taking issue with the address of "Mrs." Dr. Jones states it is "a particularly irritating salutation because it makes assumptions about my marital status and gender role." Similarly, Dr. Toswell notes that she hates being called Mrs. Toswell so much, "it's visceral." That's definitely not the kind of reaction you want to garner from a professor!

In the same way, addresses like "Sir" can come across as unprofessional in emails to your professor. "I often get 'Sir,' which is fine, but it clearly conveys to profs that you still think you are in high school," Dr. Vokes notes.

Dr. Vokes does say, however, that he understands how addressing professors appropriately is confusing to students: "Not all professors are doctors . . . and not all doctors who teach are professors . . . . I'm sessional, but because I've been made an adjunct, both are accurate. Then, of course, senior graduate students who teach are neither, and 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' is appropriate." It's confusing, but that also means that, when you get it right, your professors will both notice and appreciate your time and effort in addressing them correctly.

6. Err on the side of being too formal

In addition, spelling the professor's email address correctly is vital. Dr. Jones states, "Because my last name is common, I've even had emails meant for another professor altogether," so make sure you check that you have the appropriate address.

On actually using your professor's name in the email, Dr. Gilroyed notes that greeting a professor by his or her first name is fine if it's agreed upon in advance, but doing so otherwise is improper email etiquette. He says, "The first email communication between student and professor is not a good time to begin using the first name."

When in doubt, Dr. Jones notes that professors will tell you outright if they prefer to be addressed by their first name. If you're still unsure, she advises that "the more formal choice of salutation will never offend, and then you can be corrected (it's easier to say, 'Please call me Bob' than it is to say, 'Um, I'd rather you didn't call me Bob')."

Dr. Plug also notes that, after the first email, you can begin to follow the professor's lead, and Dr. Jones agrees. In my original email to Dr. Jones, I addressed her as "Dr. Jones," safely choosing a more formal address. After she signed off as "Manina" in her reply, it was safe to assume I could henceforth address her as "Manina," which I did in my subsequent emails. She took note of this in returning tips to me, so it actually works! Reading signs carefully will help you to choose the correct address.

7. Provide enough background information

When emailing professors, you have to remember that they receive tons of emails every day. These emails come from different students in different classes, sometimes in different faculties, or even from different campuses.

When you email your professor and don't identify yourself properly, your professor might have trouble placing you. Being remembered when you're just one student in a huge class is an even greater concern if you have a common name. Dr. Gilroyed notes that "in larger classes, there might be three students named Matthew or five students named Jessica."

Dr. Jones similarly states that she sometimes teaches many big classes in the same semester and that knowing the name of every student is difficult. That doesn't even include problems across different classes or sections! So it's imperative that you place yourself exactly and fully. Including your first and last name, class, class time and day, and section number will help a professor to place you correctly. Dr. Jones notes that you can also provide context in terms of continuing a previous conversation or building on a topic you've already discussed in person.

In addition, you have to provide background information in terms of the actual topic at hand. Dr. Gilroyed says, "Students often write emails in which they immediately focus on a very specific topic or detail without providing any context or preamble. While the content of the message may be perfectly clear to the student, a professor who has dozens or hundreds of students may need more information to understand the scope of the student's query." He also notes that fully explaining a situation is "better than assuming your professor will know or remember every detail immediately."

8. Note the difference between being casual and being careless

If you've already emailed and spoken to your professor and have established a more casual correspondence, your messages might read awkwardly if they're too formal. Professors encourage being casual in this case. However, it's vital to note the difference between being casual and being careless.

You should never resort to texting language. Obviously, it's unprofessional. Dr. Gilroyed notes, "Use of this kind of language communicates to me that a student doesn't wish to spend the time to construct a proper message, yet they will often want me to spend my time reading the message and then doing something for them."

Similarly, Dr. Jones says that it's inappropriate to use short forms and emoticons. This also means the difference between correctly written English and emails riddled with typos. Dr. Vokes comments that, after a respectful salutation, "clear and respectfully written information in the body of the email needs to follow." There's a difference between a casually written message and an incorrect and careless one.

There's also a difference between being casual and being careless in terms of content. Your professor does not want to know too much information; even if he or she is friendly with you, some talk should be reserved for friends only. For example, Dr. Jones notes that she receives emails from students offering excuses for missing class that simply give too much information. "I don't need to know that a student's friends threw him a birthday party and he's hung over and wants to write a make-up test, or that she's decided to take a long weekend, or was stuck in traffic," she says.

9. Don't ask the dreaded question

Though this tip isn't directly related to email etiquette, it's been included because it was mentioned by multiple professors without prompting and it does concern the content of your email. Several professors noted a certain question they're commonly asked that drives them absolutely nuts. Students who miss class will often ask, "Did I miss anything in class on Monday?" Dr. Plug says, "I always want to say, 'No, we did absolutely nothing, as usual.'"

Dr. Jones notes that the same question is "the great bane of all professors." She offers this poem that tackles the subject. Why is it such a terrible question, though, and what makes it so inappropriate? Professor Jones offers an answer:

First, it's insulting to imply that the content of any class might not have been important, or that it can be recapped in a short email—and second, it's not the professor's responsibility to offer multiple iterations of the class. If you miss a class without a legitimate reason, it's your responsibility to arrange for access to notes from another student and/or find out what was covered.

Clearly, it's best to avoid this question!

10. Acknowledge your gratitude

Before you sign off, it's important that you include a valediction—that is, a complimentary farewell. Dr. Jones notes the importance of a valediction in proper email etiquette, even if it's just a quick statement like "Thanks for your help!" She says, "It does pay to acknowledge that if you're asking for something (even if it's just information) that your professor deserves some recognition of his/her time and trouble."

Instead of launching directly into what it is you want to request from your professor, you can acknowledge your gratitude or how busy he or she is. Doing so is a nice little way to recognize the professor's efforts in replying to your emails, and the gesture will be appreciated. Dr. Jones provides an example of an effective valediction: "Try something like 'I know you're busy, but I'm hoping you'll be able to make some time to meet and go over my answers on the quiz.'"

It might seem like a small or insignificant note, but it can definitely help your email to be received in a positive light and paint you favorably, especially amongst a slew of emails that don't include valedictions. Dr. Vokes notes, "From research, we know that first impressions very much affect a person's desire to be of assistance." If you make a good first impression, your professor will be more likely to help you, or, at the very least, they will be happier to help you.

11. Carefully consider your signoff

Dr. Gilroyed states, "Every email to a professor should adhere to the standard construct of a letter, which includes an opening salutation, the body of the message, and an appropriate signoff." That's why using an improper signoff, or no signoff at all, is bad email etiquette and should be avoided. A simple signoff is fine; try to balance being casual and professional.

You can also use your signoff to further distinguish yourself among a sea of students. Dr. Gilroyed notes that students should sign off "with an appropriate closing salutation and then a full name." Again, professors receive many emails every day. Some are without signoffs, and some use only first names. Including your full name will help your professor recognize and identify you quickly and easily.

Putting It into Practice

Okay, now that we have a list of email etiquette tips from real professors, how about putting them into practice? Here's an example of an excellent email to a professor:

An email isn't just a piece of correspondence. It's an exercise in communicating well, and you're judged by it. Using this advice from real professors about how to email a professor, you can be judged favorably. Dr. Gilroyed says, "I cannot speak for all professors, but I certainly take notice when I receive a well-constructed email from a student. It shows me that they care enough to put in the effort to compose a proper message and they respect my time."

Even better, you can use emailing a professor to your advantage by asking genuine and intellectual questions. As Dr. Toswell explains, "Don't use up what I think of as your email currency (there's only so much bandwidth in my brain for one student and her questions unless they genuinely engaged with the course material) on bad inquiries." What's more, you can use these questions to form a bond with your professors. Dr. Toswell further says, "Email in order to establish a connection, and make it a solid one." If your email follows these tips, you'll no doubt be able to establish a connection that lasts through university and beyond.

Special thanks to all the professors who shared their email etiquette tips with us for this article. Your time and insights are much appreciated!

Image source: Nosnibor137/BigStockPhoto.com

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How to Email Your Professor (With Examples)

Lisa Freedland is a Scholarships360 writer with personal experience in psychological research and content writing. She has written content for an online fact-checking organization and has conducted research at the University of Southern California as well as the University of California, Irvine. Lisa graduated from the University of Southern California in Fall 2021 with a degree in Psychology.

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Every academic year, more and more professors complain that students do not know how to write nor respond to emails. Often, students are simply not taught how to write such emails to begin with. Some students are entirely clueless about what they’re doing wrong. To help make sure you don’t make these same mistakes, we’re going to show you how to email your professor (with examples)!

Keep on reading so that you can be confident in what you’re saying before you even hit “send.”

Emailing professors: A how-to guide

We’re sure that you’ve emailed people before, whether teachers, coworkers, friends, or family, but emailing professors is a little different. Emailing professors requires a level of formality not typically required when emailing people you’re already familiar with (yes, even if you know the professor well!). So, to make sure you don’t leave a bad impression on your professors, we’ve established a few tips that you should go by before sending off that email. Let’s get into them!

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Be professional

Perhaps most importantly, you should be professional when emailing your professors. But, what do we mean by this?

Simply, being professional when emailing your professors means using proper grammar, not using slang or emojis, and using their proper title (we’ll get into what this means next).

Further, if you’re asking for an extension for an assignment, giving a heads-up as to why you’ll be missing class, or anything along these lines, try not to give away too much personal information as to why. For example, rather than saying you have a stomach ache or caught the flu, you can instead say that you came down with an illness. The exact sickness (or reason) is not the most relevant information. Your professor will probably be grateful not to know anyway.

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Include their title + name.

Time for titles! If you’re not familiar with what titles are, titles refer to the words used before or after a person’s name that indicate a person’s position or role. When it comes to professors, students normally use either the title “Doctor” (abbreviated Dr.) or “Professor.”

And, as normally comes after someone’s title, you should be sure to include their last name after. So, let’s say you’re emailing a professor called Susan Robinson. You could start the email off with something like:

“Dear Dr. Robinson,” or “Hello Dr. Robinson,” or “Dear Professor Robinson,” or “Hello Professor Robinson,”

All these are fine choices, and it’s entirely up to you to choose whichever you prefer. And, if you haven’t quite noticed, it’s quite common to use “Dear” or “Hello” when starting off an email to a professor, but these aren’t your only options (just common ones). Whichever you use is, once again, up to your personal preference!

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Say something nice 

Yes, really. It doesn’t hurt to be nice when emailing professors, especially when you’re asking for their advice or help. 

So, how do you start out with something nice? Well, typically, after greeting your professor with their title and name (as we demonstrated above), you’ll add something along the lines of:

• “Hope you had a great weekend.”
• “I hope you’re enjoying the beautiful weather today!”
• “Hope you’re doing well!”

Make sense? Some professors appreciate such niceties. Not only will it indicate that you realize they have a life outside of academia, but it’s also just a polite thing to do. Yes, admittedly, some professors might not care, but others will!

Give context (i.e. who you are)

College professors have tons of students. So, oftentimes (if not always), they may need a little reminder on how they know you. This is especially true if you’re not in touch with them frequently. This is exactly what you should do next – explain who you are!

If you’re a student of theirs, the easiest way to do this is to mention what class of theirs you’re enrolled in, and what time it meets (or, if there are names for each section, you can mention that instead). This will give them some context before you ask a question, so they can understand exactly what assignment, topic, or question it is you’re asking about. This might go something like:

“This is *insert your name* from the Psychology 101 section that meets Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1-2:30 P.M.”

Alternatively, if you’re not a student of theirs, explain your desired relationship to them (e.g., are you interested in enrolling in their class? Do you want to work in their research lab?). If this is the case for you, this might look like:

“This is *insert your name*, a second-year student majoring in Psychology. I am interested in enrolling in Psychology 102 next semester, and… *can ask/introduce your question here*” 

Now, unless you are 100% sure that your professor knows who you are by name, we definitely recommend you don’t skip this step! It may be awkward if your professor has to ask who you are after your initial email, so, better safe than sorry!

Last, but not least, try to use your university email if you have one! This immediately signals to your professor that you’re either a student or faculty member at their college. Your school email may make them more inclined to look at your email.

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Be straightforward

Since they have so many students, professors also receive a lot of emails. So, when emailing them, make sure to get straight to the point (no beating around the bush!). Be specific about your question, and provide context if needed. If you’ve already tried to solve your problem or answer your question in a number of ways, mention these. Doing so will cut down the amount of unnecessary emails sent back and forth. Also, it will also help you understand what tips or advice they shouldn’t give you (as you’ve already tried them).

On a similar note, if you have a question about a test or due date, we highly recommend checking your class syllabus first. These will contain your important test and due dates 99% of the time, if not more.

And, most importantly, remember to make your subject line specific and clear. For example, if you have a question about an assignment’s due date, your subject line could be something along the lines of “Question about Due Date of Assignment Name .” This will make it clear to the professor what the context of the email is, and will help avoid any misunderstandings.

After asking your question (or saying whatever you needed to say), it’s time to sign off! Most commonly, people will do this by using a “Best,”, “Thanks,” “Sincerely,” or something along those lines, followed by their name. If your university email does not include your full name, write both your first and last name in your sign off. This will make it clear to the professor who you are, even if they have another student with the same first name.

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A few examples

Time for a few examples! Here they are:

1.  If you’re asking a professor a question about an upcoming test date:

Hello Dr. Johnson,

Hope your week is off to a great start!

This is John Smith from your Chemistry 404 Monday/Wednesday/Friday 11 am – 12 pm class. Last Monday, you mentioned that our upcoming midterm is scheduled for September 25th. However, on the class syllabus it says that the test is planned for September 21st. I was wondering on which of these dates the midterm will be taking place?

Thank you in advance.

2.  Generalized email to a professor:

Dear Dr. Last Name ,

Hope you’re doing well!

This is Your name from Your class  at time . I had a question about * elaborate on the question.*

We hope that you’re now well-versed on how to write an email to a professor of yours. However, how do you go about cold emailing a professor for a research opportunity? That’s a great question! Let’s see.

How to email a professor for research opportunities

Luckily, the format for emailing a professor for research is not too different from that of emailing any professor. So, if you’ve already read all our tips above, you’re off to a head start. However, there are a few differences. 

Components to include

Before we get into what makes an email to a professor for research different, we should first list the basic components of this type of email (as they largely overlap with a normal email to a professor). Any email to a professor (for research) should:

• Have an informative subject line
• Be professional and straightforward
• Include their title and name
• Include why you want to join their research lab (why you’re interested in their research specifically)
• Mention any previous experience (if applicable)
• Elaborate on why research is important to you/will help you reach your goals
• Ask to schedule a time to meet or discuss possible research opportunities
• Your resume and transcript (attached to the email!)

Since we’ve already covered most of these components above (under Emailing Professors: A How-To Guide), we’ll now be focusing mainly on the unique aspects of writing an email to a professor for research. 

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Do your research!

If you’re interested in doing research, now’s your time to show off your skills! Before you go about emailing any research professor for an opportunity to work in their lab, you must first know what their lab studies. Doing this research will help you elaborate on why you want to join their specific lab, rather than any others, which will help you stand out amongst possible applicants (and will help you know if you’re actually a good fit for the lab or not!).

Why are you interested in their research?

After you’ve done research on the research of the professor you’d like to work with, use this information to detail what exactly about their research interests you. This can normally be done within 1-2 sentences, and should be specific – make sure to relate it to your interests and goals! This may look something like:

I am particularly interested in topic . I recently read your name/year of research paper on topic and developed an interest in your research. Specifically, I was fascinated by mention one of the findings of the research paper . If possible, I would love the opportunity to work in your lab to help contribute to further research on this topic during time frame.

If this seems a little confusing right now, don’t fret! We have some actual examples for later, so you can get an idea of what this section should look like when real topics and findings are included.

Ask to schedule a meeting

Now, it’s time to schedule a meeting (or, at least ask to)! After you go about mentioning what you find interesting about their research and expressing an interest in working in their lab, you should make a request to meet with them. There’s a few different ways you can do this:

• “ If you know of any internship, volunteer, or work positions available in research over the summer, I would love to set up a time to talk about these potential opportunities.”
• “If you have time, I would love to set up a time to talk about potential research opportunities.”
• “Would you be available to meet sometime this week to discuss your research?”
• “Would it be possible to meet with you to further discuss Topic and my possible involvement in research? I am available on Days and Times .”

Simple, right? After you ask to schedule a meeting, we highly recommend mentioning that your transcript and resume are attached to the email (and make sure to actually attach them). If you do not attach them, professors will often ask for them promptly afterwards (but not always).

Last, but not least, finish off the email with a nicety! You can do it more formally, with something like, “I greatly appreciate your time and consideration.” Or, you can do it more casually, with something along the lines of, “I look forward to hearing from you!”

Which way you choose is ultimately up to you – just make sure to be respectful! 

More examples

Time for some more examples! These are real examples of emails written to professors, in which students were asking for research opportunities (although some names and info have been slightly altered). Here we go!

1.  Email from a student without any prior research experience:

“Dear Dr. Lee,

I hope this email finds you well. My name is Abigail Thompson and I am a first-year undergraduate at the University of Minnesota, majoring in Psychology and minoring in Japanese. I am currently looking for opportunities to get involved with research over the summer. 

Psychological research, especially that relating to social psychology, sounds very interesting to me, so I am hoping to get involved early into my undergraduate career. I have reviewed your faculty profile and am interested in name of the research paper , especially how you explored how people who have experienced traumas cope with what they’ve been through. If you know of any internship, volunteer, or work positions available in research over the summer, I would love to set up a time to talk about these potential opportunities. I greatly appreciate your time and consideration, and my resume and transcript are attached to this email.

2.  Email from a student with prior research experience:

“ Dear Dr. Pudi,

I hope this email finds you well. My name is Jacqueline Fisher and I am a sophomore at UCLA, majoring in Psychology. I am currently looking for opportunities to get involved with research for this upcoming semester or over the summer. 

Last summer, I assisted in research at the University of California, Berkeley, where we studied people’s psychological responses to traumatic events. I am also interested in developmental psychology and how your research studies the effects of marital conflict on children.

If you have time, I would love to set up a time to talk about potential research opportunities. I greatly appreciate your time and consideration, and my resume is attached to this email. 

Have a wonderful time frame .

Jacqueline ”

Dear Reader,

You’ve now reached the end of the article!

I hope that this guide (and our example emails) have helped you gain the knowledge and skill of being able to email your professors (for class, research, or otherwise!). It’s sure to come in handy at some point, so, we wish you good luck, and send you off!

All the best,

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Emailing a Professor 101

Need help with sending an email to your professor? It can be quick and easy if you follow the steps below.

How To Write an Email to a Professor

When writing an email to a professor, you should always use a formal tone and vocabulary and stick to the point of the message. Additionally, you should make sure to:

• Use your academic email address.
• Write a clear and concise subject line.
• Use a formal salutation.
• Introduce yourself.
• Briefly explain why you’re emailing.
• End the email with a formal closing.
• Check for spelling and grammar errors.

Writing an Email to a Professor

Writing an email to a professor (or teacher) can be intimidating. After all, most of them have high standards when it comes to writing, so you probably feel the need to follow a specific format while ensuring the email is free of spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.

This can be overwhelming to students who have a lot to worry about—whether it be going over a syllabus, studying, completing assignments, balancing a social life, or all of the above.

We’re going to help you take the hassle (and stress) out of emailing a professor by giving you seven easy steps to follow.

Class Is in Session: How To Email Your Professor in Seven Steps

1. use your academic email address.

Most (if not all) colleges and universities provide students with an academic email address. If your school has provided you with one, use it. Using a personal email like [email protected] increases the chances of your email ending up in the spam folder or getting skipped.

2. Write a Clear and Concise Subject Line

It’s always a good idea to give your professor a preview of what the email is about, and that’s what the subject line is for. Make sure the subject line is clear, concise, and informative. Do not write the majority of your email in your subject line:

I do not understand some questions on the assignment you gave us. For example, is question number five supposed to have a thorough, elaborate answer with evidence?

Need clarification on questions for assignment due Tuesday

3. Use a Formal Salutation

Use Dear or Hello when starting an email to your professor. Additionally, make sure to use their correct title and avoid using Mr. or Mrs. If the professor has a PhD. , you can use Dr. However, you can’t go wrong with using Professor , regardless of their degree.

Hi Mrs. Duran,

Dear Professor Duran,

Keep in mind that the only time you can skip the formal salutation is if you’re continuing an already established email thread.

4. Introduce Yourself

Professors can have numerous students. You can’t expect them to know who you are solely by your email. After the formal salutation, write your full name and the course you’re taking. Some students also choose to include their student ID if it helps with the request they’re making (e.g., adding points to a test).

Hi Professor Duran,

My name is Jacob S. Carle, and I am in your Thursday 10:00 AM ENC1101 class.

We should note that some students prefer to start with a formality like I hope this email finds you well before introducing themselves. This is also acceptable and a stylistic choice that is up to you.

5. Write a Brief Message About Why You’re Emailing

Professors are extremely busy people. Don’t ramble in your email. Instead, get straight to the point. Write your email as briefly as possible. Additionally, make sure to use the appropriate tone and language .

6. End the Email With a Formal Closing

Once you have asked your question or made your requests, end the email with a formal closing like Thank you, Best, or Sincerely. Then write your name, and if you didn’t include your student ID in the introduction, you can add it to the closing.

Jacob S. Carle

Student ID: 123456

7. Check for Spelling and Grammar Errors

Arguably the most important part of writing an email to your professor is checking for spelling and grammar mistakes. A message riddled with errors can make it seem as if you’re not taking the time to write a professional and proper email.

However, spelling and grammar are not everyone’s strong suit. That’s why it’s a good idea to use LanguageTool as your text editor. Not only will this advanced writing assistant correct spelling and grammar mistakes (in over twenty languages), but it can also help rephrase your sentences to be more formal, fluent, or even more concise. It’s a tool that is valuable for all types of writers, especially students learning their way around professional and formal emails.

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How to Email a Professor

Last Updated: April 19, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Ashley Pritchard, MA . Ashley Pritchard is an Academic and School Counselor at Delaware Valley Regional High School in Frenchtown, New Jersey. Ashley has over 3 years of high school, college, and career counseling experience. She has an MA in School Counseling with a specialization in Mental Health from Caldwell University and is certified as an Independent Education Consultant through the University of California, Irvine. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 4,201,079 times.

Writing an email to a professor takes a bit more thought than shooting an email to a friend or sending a text. Your education is the beginning of your professional career, and you should treat any interactions you have in a professional manner , including emailing. For instance, you should always use your academic account and open your email with a formal greeting. Treat the interaction as you would a formal business letter. Be concise, and remember, grammar counts!

How to Write an Email to a Teacher

• Start an email with a proper salutation like "Dear," "Greetings," or "Hello."
• Introduce yourself by including your full name, the class, and class period.
• Be as brief as possible in your email; use correct grammar and spelling.
• Specify the action you want the professor to take, like replying.
• Close the email with a salutation and your full name.

Making a Good First Impression

• Your syllabus may contain information about course assignments, deadlines, class policies, and assignment formatting.
• If your professor only gives you a list of readings, it's fine to email them with a question that isn't answered in the syllabus.

• For instance, you could write "Question about Current Assignment" or "Final Essay."

• If you're not sure if the professor has a doctorate, you can address them as "Professor Jones."
• You can use a bit more informal greeting, such as "Hello Dr. Jones," if you've had personal interactions with the professor.

Creating the Content of the Email

• For instance, if you have a question about an assignment, get to the point: "I have a question about the assignment you gave us last Tuesday. Do you want us to work in groups or alone?"

• For instance, don't write, "Awesome class, man... stellar!"
• Instead, write, "You gave an enlightening lecture last class."

• For instance, you may want the professor to give you an extension on a paper . Don't say, "My grandmother died. Give me an extension on this paper." Rather, say, "I've had a difficult week with the death of my grandmother. Would you please give me an extension on this paper?"

• Don't forget to run your email through spellcheck.

Finishing Up Your Email

• For instance, you could say, "Thank you for addressing my question. I'll see you in class."
• If you'd like to meet, you could write, "I appreciate your thoughts on this issue. Would you mind if we met in person to discuss it in more detail?"

Sample Academic Emails

Sample Personal Emails

Expert Q&A

• Contact a peer first if the purpose of your email is to find out what you missed when absent. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://dean.williams.edu/files/2010/09/Guide-to-Emailing-Professors-1.pdf
• ↑ https://www.purdue.edu/advisors/students/email.php
• ↑ Ashley Pritchard, MA. Academic & School Counselor. Expert Interview. 4 November 2019.
• ↑ https://ugr.ue.ucsc.edu/email
• ↑ https://www.menlo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/writing-a-formal-email.pdf

About This Article

To email a professor, start with a formal salutation like "Dear Professor Jones" or "Hello Professor Jones." Then, briefly explain who you are by saying something like "I'm Mike Smith and I'm in your drawing 101 class on Mondays and Thursdays." Next, get straight to the point by stating why you're emailing. Remember to use a professional tone and language so your email doesn't sound too casual. When you're finished, end your email with "Sincerely" or "Best" followed by your full name. To learn how to proofread your email before sending it, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Email a Professor: Research or Grad School Opportunity

Isabelle Gordon

This week Isabelle Gordon, or Izzy, as we know her in the Ryan Family Student Center, asked me on behalf of the Material Advantage club if I would blog about how to email a professor when inquiring about a research opportunity. Here’s the Anatomy of an Effective Email . This format is also useful for an inquiry email to a professor you’d like to work with for graduate school.

TO Field: Send it directly to the professor’s professional email account.

From: Use your Penn State email account.

Subject Line: This is one of the most important and neglected lines of email communication. Always use subject lines to announce the key idea. For example, you might write, Seeking Possible Undergraduate (or Graduate) Research Opportunity 

Opening: Dear is always acceptable and correct. You could also use Hello . Hey or barking out a professor’s first name is rude. Use titles when appropriate. In this case, you might write, Dear Professor <last name>. Use a colon instead of a comma after the last name. Commas are used for personal letters.

Body: Essentially this is an action-oriented message. You are making a request. AIDA or A ttention- I nterest- D esire- A ction is a good acronym to remember when composing this type of persuasive message.

Attention —use this opportunity to engage your reader. If another person the professor knows suggested you contact this professor, use the referral as your opener. Or you might pose a question that includes your accomplishments.

Example: Are you seeking an energetic, conscientious geoscience major with a 3.8 GPA and an ability to work both as a team and independently to join your lab? If so, please consider me.

Interest and Desire – -Explain why this professor’s lab is a good fit for your interests and talents. Develop Desire by showing specifically how the requirements for the position match your experience and expertise.

Example: I am interested in the work you are doing. I have read several of your journal articles, such as <Article Title>. <Show your ability to summarize accurately and concisely a few key points of the work being done.> I have <include your key benefit to the professor—what can you do for him/her because of your course work and experience>.

Action —you have to ask for what you want.

Example undergraduate research: I am very interested in research in this area because I would like to <your future goal and how it fits>. May I meet with you at your convenience to discuss my possible involvement in your research? I have attached my résumé and can be reached at <cell phone>. I look forward to hearing from you.

Example graduate school applicant : I have attached a copy of my CV for your consideration. Will you be accepting graduate students this upcoming academic year? I would be interested in discussing possibilities to work in your lab at your convenience. May I follow-up this email with a phone call, or I can be reached at <cell phone>. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best, All best, Best regards, Best wishes, Regards, Sincerely, Cordially, Sincerely yours, Yours, Love, Love and kisses and xxoo.

Okay, okay, these last four really aren’t used in business! I was just checking to see if you are paying attention.

The signature tells people how you would like to be addressed.

If you don’t get a response in a week or so, don’t despair. It’s okay to follow-up gently. The second time around you might write, “I know how busy you are…” It just shows how resourceful and determined you are. If you need writing help, come to drop-in hours Mondays through Thursdays from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Your graduate writing tutors are waiting for you here in the RFSC!

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How to Email Faculty

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Whether you're writing a professor to ask for an extension or to look for a research opportunity, your emails to faculty members should be clear, polite, and to the point. Below are some guidelines for how to make a good impression over email.

Email Etiquette

Keep your email professional.

If you're emailing a professor for the first time, it's better to err on the side of being too formal rather than too casual. Follow these rules of basic email etiquette:

• Address your recipient by title and last name ( Dear Professor Interesting )
• Use full sentences and proper grammar, avoiding slang and emojis
• Keep the tone of your email courteous
• End with a concluding phrase and your name ( Sincerely, Juan Pupil )
• Give a useful subject line ( Research on X )

Stay brief and to the point

Long emails often get ignored until the recipient has time to deal with them, and faculty are extremely busy. Your email should focus on a specific item, such as setting up a time to meet or informing your professor of an upcoming absence. If you need to talk about something more involved, it is probably better to meet in person unless your professor tells you otherwise.

Reply in a timely fashion

Your professors appreciate a prompt reply just as much as you do. If a faculty member asks you for something that will take some time (for example, a report on your progress in the lab), reply quickly to confirm that you’re working on the task and provide a timeline for completion. 

Emailing to Ask for Extensions, Exceptions, and Allowances

Maybe you've been sick and have been missing class, or maybe you're dealing with an unexpected emergency. Whatever your circumstances, it's best to inform your instructors of your situation as soon as you can and ask if they can make allowances for you in accordance with their class and departmental policies.

Briefly explain your situation-- you don't have to give details if it makes you uncomfortable. Ask specifically for whatever allowance you're seeking (for example, an extension on a paper, or an alternate exam time). And do mention any support you're getting, because your instructors are probably worried about you. For example:

Dear Professor So-and-So, I'm Jane, a student in your X class. Because of a family emergency, I will be away from campus all of next week. I am writing to apologize for my absence from class and ask if I might have an extension on the paper due next Friday. Any allowance you can provide would be deeply appreciated. I have been talking with my Academic Advisor about my situation and have copied her on this message. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing back from you. Sincerely, Jane Student

In certain cases, there may be department policies or other logistical challenges that prevent an instructor from giving you the allowances you seek. But it's always worth letting your instructor know about your situation and asking if there's any way they can be flexible with you. Remember that your professors are human too, and may be very willing to help you so long as you keep the doors of communication open.

Emailing a Potential Mentor for the First Time

When you reach out to a new professor that you want to connect with, your goal should be to set up a time to meet and talk in person. Keep your email short and to the point. For example:

Dear Professor So-and-So, I’m Jane, a prospective X major particularly interested in Y. I am writing you because I noticed that you teach classes in Y/ I read your paper on Y/ the Student Services Officer in your department suggested I reach out to you. I would love to get your advice on how I can get involved with research on Y during my time at Stanford. Could I come by your office hours? And if so, when are they? Sincerely, Jane Student

If the professor doesn’t respond, don’t lose hope! The professor might be particularly busy that week, or out of town, or simply missed your message in a flood of other emails. Try to reach out again. You can send a follow up email, or you can stop by in person during the professor’s office hours to introduce yourself and ask if you can set up a time to meet later. 

Emailing With your Faculty Mentor

As you develop relationships with particular professors, pay close attention to their communication styles. Especially if you are working with faculty on tangible outcomes (for example, an honors thesis or poster presentation), it’s a good idea to explicitly discuss communication preferences.

Here are some questions you might consider when thinking about a professor’s communication style:

• Does this professor respond to emails quickly or is it better to call or stop by office hours for quick responses?
• How formal is the professor in written communication?
• What sorts of questions or topics can be resolved by email and which require meeting in person?
• Are there situations where a phone or video meeting might be preferable?

Regardless of your mentor’s style, it will benefit you to be the active, responsible party in organizing one-on-one communication. Reach out, respond promptly, and remember to keep your emails short, specific, and courteous. 

No Response?

If you haven't heard back from your faculty member in about a week, it is reasonable to reach out one more time. If you still get no response, you might check with the relevant department's Student Services Officer about the best way to get in touch with that faculty member.

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Why write an email to your professor?

5 sample emails to a professor, email to professor asking for more information, email to professor about a deadline, email to a professor asking for a reference, email to a professor about personal issues, email to a professor asking for an extension, expert guide on how to email a professor, how to write pro messages to your professor, how to write an email to a professor (5 samples & templates).

Stuck while studying for your college course? Professors play a critical role in our college education, providing lectures, leadership, and support. Let’s face it, you’re paying enough for your college education, the least you can expect is an answer to an email.

Professors aren’t big scary monsters (not all, anyway), but reasonable people who will want to help you with your email requests. They will expect your email requests to be written properly, in a style that shows respect. You’re not messaging a friend but someone in power.

How do you do it? In this guide on how to write an email to a professor, we detail the email format. We'll show you how to structure emails to any professor and provide 5 sample emails to a professor, including:

• Email a professor asking for more information
• Email to a professor about a deadline

By the end of this guide on emailing a professor, you can ask for anything you want (we can't guarantee they'll respond, though!).

Streamline Your Academic Communication

Before exploring our hand-crafted samples, harness the power of technology to perfect your message by using our free AI email generator , designed to make drafting professional emails to professors seamless and efficient.

Professors are responsible for supporting and guiding you during your academic career. That could include help with a tricky assignment, an extension on a deadline, or providing a reference. Professors also have a pastoral duty and may provide assistance if you are experiencing a personal issue. Basically, they’re there to help you out if you need it.

If you can, it's best to ask for help and support in person – but we know this isn't always possible, especially as many students study remotely. But, if you can't speak in person, it's OK to email your professor – but you'll need to ensure that your messages are polite, professional, and follow the correct email format and structure.

So let's start by showing you 5 sample emails to a professor.

These sample emails to a professor provide some valuable guidelines on structure, tone of voice, and approach that you can use. You can cut and paste these samples if you want to, but we recommend you use them as the basis for building your own emails.

Didn't catch something in a lecture or need clarification about an assignment? This email to a professor will help you quickly get the information you need.

Dear [Recipient's Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I attended your lecture on [lecture topic] and would like to seek further clarification on [specific area]. I found the content quite challenging, and I believe further discussion will greatly enhance my understanding of the subject matter.

Could we schedule a brief meeting during your office hours this week? I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss my questions and seek additional guidance regarding the assignment. Please let me know a suitable time for you, and I will make myself available accordingly.

Thank you for your attention.

Best regards, [Your Name]

Professors are in charge of setting assignments and managing deadlines. But what happens if you've forgotten a date? This email to a professor can be used to determine the deadline and ensure you don't miss it!

Dear Professor [Recipient's Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I apologize for any inconvenience caused, but I seem to have forgotten the deadline for the assignment you had set. Could you please kindly provide me with the deadline for the assignment? I want to ensure that I don't miss it. Thank you in advance for your assistance.

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Quickly summarize a received email

If you don't have an employment reference, and reference from a professor is a suitable substitute. Before putting your professor's name on an application, use this email to ask for a reference.

Dear [Professor's Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I am reaching out to request your assistance with a reference. I am applying for [Job/Program] and a reference from a professor is required. Your knowledge of my work ethic and academic abilities would make you an ideal reference.

If you are willing to provide a reference, please let me know and I will provide you with any necessary information or documentation. The deadline for submission is [Date].

Thank you for considering my request. I greatly appreciate your support.

Sometimes life can get in the way of our education and change our priorities. This email to a professor sets out the issues you're experiencing and their impact on your studies.

I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to inform you about some personal issues I am currently facing, which have been impacting my studies.

I am going through a difficult time in my personal life, dealing with a family emergency. As a result, my availability and ability to fully focus on my coursework has been significantly affected. I am doing my best to manage the situation, but I anticipate that it may continue to impact my performance in the upcoming weeks.

I understand the importance of my studies and I am committed to overcoming these challenges. I will make every effort to catch up on missed assignments and actively participate in class despite the circumstances.

I kindly request your understanding and support during this time. If there are any accommodations or extensions that you could grant me, I would greatly appreciate it. I am open to discussing potential solutions that would allow me to continue my education while navigating these personal difficulties.

Thank you for your attention and consideration.

Not going to hit your assignment? Ask for an extension! While we can't guarantee you'll be given one, this email to a professor asking for an extension will give you the best chance!

I hope this email finds you well. I am reaching out today regarding the upcoming assignment due on [Date]. I apologize for the inconvenience, but I am experiencing some unexpected difficulties that have impacted my ability to complete the assignment on time.

Considering the circumstances, I would like to request a brief extension to submit the assignment. I understand that this is entirely at your discretion, and I am willing to accept any conditions or penalties for extending the deadline.

Thank you for your understanding, and I appreciate your attention to this matter.

Professors are professional people (the clue is in the name) and expect the highest standards of written language. They're not going to be impressed by spelling mistakes or grammar issues. They're also used to reading and responding to formal emails, so you must always stick to the established structure.

When writing emails to a professor, you should keep laser-focused on the outcome. This is an approach that works for writing any email to a professor:

Introduce yourself

Explain why you're emailing and what you want

Express gratitude in advance

Include a deadline/CTA

As we've explained previously, professors expect to read emails in the correct format. To help explain how to write an email to a professor, we've split this into 3 sections:

Email to professor subject line

• Sign-off/next steps

Professors will find their inboxes full of hundreds of emails from students, fellow academics, and faculty staff – so yours will need to stand out. How? By creating a great subject line!

It's easier to demonstrate how to write subject lines with some example subject lines to emails for your professor.

• Can I ask for some help with (include details)
• Clarification required (lecture details)
• What is my assignment deadline?
• Please can you confirm my assignment deadline?
• Assignment extension request
• Can I ask you for a reference?
• Would you provide me with a reference?
• Reference request

Email to professor body copy

Your subject line will hopefully be strong enough to grab your professor's attention. As soon as they open the email, you must engage them correctly.

If you're confident, you can use a less formal greeting, such as "Hi Professor (their name)." If you don't know them well or are writing a formal email like asking for an extension, it's better to use "Dear Professor (their name)."

Now, we can work through the structure that we outlined above. In this example, we want more information on a point raised in a lecture.

"My name is (your name), and I attend your class (insert details)."

Also learn about: How to introduce yourself in an email?

"I'm contacting you to ask for some additional information about a point you raised in your lecture on (insert date, time, etc.). Specifically, I would like to know (whatever you want to know!)."

"I appreciate that you are very busy, and I would like to thank you in advance for any information and insights you can provide."

Email to professor sign-off/next steps

Your message is powerful and (most importantly) short! We're almost at the end, but we need to add more to your message.

"I am working on an assignment with a deadline of (insert date). Could you respond to me before this date? You can contact me to discuss it at (insert details)."

Finally, you'll need to provide a closing line ("Thanks," "Many thanks," "Kind regards," etc.), as well as your name and any other information required.

Now you're ready to send it to your professor.

When emailing your professor, you have to understand where the power lies They’re busy, under-pressure, and probably dealing with hundreds (maybe even thousands) of other students. To cut through the noise, your request will have to be clear and stick to these principles:

• Always use a proper greeting : Begin your email with a formal greeting, such as "Dear Dr. [Last Name]" or "Hello Professor [Last Name]." Check and double-check you're using your professor's title correctly.
• Cut out waste words: Keep your message as brief as possible by cutting out wasted words. Use a strong subject line and state the purpose of your email in the first few sentences.
• Use proper grammar and spelling : Academics expect high standards, so always check for spelling and grammar issues before sending.
• Be respectful and polite to your prof : Saying "please" and "thank you" goes a long way. Ask for help courteously and express gratitude for any help.
• Identify yourself : Professors will deal with many students and may not know who you are, so always identify yourself and the class(es) you're studying.
• Avoid casual language or slang : Professors won't expect informal language, slang, and other lazy phrases.
• Outline your requirements clearly : Whatever the purpose of your email, state your needs clearly. Professors are time-poor and will simply want to know what you want as soon as possible, so don't keep them waiting!
• Thank them for their time : Professors are busy people, so thank them for their time. Sometimes, a few choice words can work wonders in getting you the desired result.
• Sign off properly: End your emails positively, and do so professionally with a suitable sign-off. Professors are in a position of authority; they're not your friend.
•  Use HIX.AI : If you're not hitting the right tone, or finding the formal email format tricky, use HIX.AI email generator . This AI-powered platform can craft effective emails to professors in seconds.

Don't know how to email a professor? Using the tips, tricks, and format outlined in this blog, you'll create powerful emails to your professor in record time. If you're worried, always follow your instincts and focus on keeping things short, professional, and polite – and always express gratitude.

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Do you need to get the hang of writing a professional email? Here is your comprehensive guide on how to write an email, including tips on utilizing HIX.AI's smart AI email writer.

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How to Email a Professor: Tips and Samples

Dec 19th 2023

There are many situations when you need to email your professor: Asking a question, inquiring about your grades, or informing them about a missed class. If you’re wondering how to write an email to a professor, at the end of this article, you’ll find several email samples you can use for different occasions.

How to write an email to a professor: A step-by-step guide

1. Make sure you really need to send that email

If you want to email a professor asking a question, check your syllabus first. Chances are pretty solid you’ll find the answer. The syllabus can tell you about your workload, assignments, deadlines, and more. Your classmates are another valuable source of information, so make sure to talk to them first.

If the syllabus, or your peers, can’t answer your question, it’s fine to send an email with additional inquiries.

2. Use your school email

This is the best course of action because such an email looks professional and shows a recipient that your message is about classes. If you don’t have an educational email address, make sure to use an appropriate email address like [email protected] . Your [email protected] address isn’t suitable for academic correspondence.

3. Write a clear subject line

The subject line defines if a recipient opens your email, so make sure it’s clear, concise and to the point. A good subject line tells a professor what your email is about and how they should act on it.

4. Include a proper email greeting

Start your email to a professor with an appropriate and respectful salutation. Double-check their name before sending an email and make sure your greeting is followed by a comma.

5. Remind who you are

Professors have lots of students, so it’s important to tell them your name and the class you’re attending. This helps you save the recipient time and ensures you get a reply faster.

6. Get straight to the point

After greeting a professor and introducing yourself, it’s time to state your question or request. Keep it concise and clear, so the recipient can quickly comprehend what it’s about and what action is expected from them.

7. End an email politely and include a professional signature

How to end an email to a professor? Thank them for their time and sign off your email with “Sincerely” or “Best regards” followed by your name.

8. Proofread your email

Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Make sure to stick to a formal tone and avoid emojis or informal abbreviations like FYI or ASAP. Check the spelling of your professor’s name one more time.

9. Put yourself in your professor’s shoes

Reread the email as if you are a professor who receives it. Is it clear who’s writing to you and what they want? Is the tone of the email polite and respectful? Does it comply with a formal email format? If all your answers are “Yes,” then feel free to send your email.

Email to professor samples

Once you’ve learned how to email a professor, it’s time to practice. Below, you’ll find a number of email samples for different situations. Please keep in mind that these examples are for reference only, and you should always personalize and tweak them to your needs.

If you frequently need to email your professor, you can add these templates to Spark and reuse them whenever needed. Learn how templates in Spark work .

1. Email to a professor about not attending class

Subject: History 1B: Class attendance Dear Professor Smith, This is Lexie Brown, from History 1B, Section 1. I am writing to inform you that I won’t be able to attend your class on Thursday, as I have a doctor’s appointment at 11 AM. Please find attached my assignment we are supposed to submit by Thursday. I will also do my best to look through the materials you provided for this class and ask my classmates to share their notes. Thank you. Best regards, Lexie Brown

2. Email to a professor about grades

Subject: History 1B: Inquiring about my grade Dear Professor Smith, My name is Lexie Brown, from History 1B, Section 1. I was wondering if we could set up an appointment to discuss my grade on [Assignment name] . I have checked that your office hours are scheduled on Wednesdays from 2 to 5 PM. If this is correct, please let me know if I can come. I look forward to your reply. Kind regards, Lexie Brown

3. Email to a professor asking a question

Subject: Question about the History 1B assignment Dear Professor Smith, I am Lexie Brown, from History 1B, Section 1. In the syllabus, the deadline for our latest assignment is listed as April 9th. However, in class on Monday you mentioned April 12th as the deadline. Could you please verify the correct deadline? Thank you so much for your time. Sincerely, Lexie Brown

4. Email to a professor asking for an appointment

Subject: History 1B: Appointment request Dear Professor Smith, I am a student in your History 1B class, Section 1. I faced some difficulties with selecting a topic for my research paper, and I would appreciate it if I could discuss it with you during your office hours. Please let me know if you are available to meet this week. Thank you for your time. I look forward to your reply. Best regards, Lexie Brown

Want to become better at email? Get Spark . This free and powerful email client lets you use email templates, so you can save time with writing similar emails. It also gives you email superpowers like snoozes, email scheduling, and follow-up reminders to help you work with email faster.

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ImPACKful Tips: How to Email Your Professor

Do you think it’s difficult to write an email to a professor asking for a recommendation letter or requesting a teaching assistantship? Don’t worry; you’re not alone! Most students find it difficult to ask their professors questions or to start a conversation with professors, especially if you’re a new international graduate student.

In graduate school, you will come across a wide range of occasions for writing emails to your professors. You may have to write emails requesting recommendation letters, emails for scheduling meetings, emails asking for opportunities in research or teaching, emails about an upcoming absence from a course or a meeting, emails about submissions or questions from a course, or follow-up emails.

Email plays an important role  in your grad life, not only when you apply for opportunities in your academic career, but also while you network with prospective employers.

We have always communicated with our teachers or professors since high school or undergrad via letters and emails. Yet it is important to pay enough attention to writing emails to professors in grad school, as an email might be your first impression as a professional to those professors.

Why is it difficult to write a simple academic email?

Many times, you have a different culture or a different style of writing from your time as an undergrad, or from your home country. Some may find that the American style of emailing a professor is too formal or too casual.

For example, back in India during my undergraduate experience, I remember using “sir” or “madam” excessively at the beginning or the end of each sentence in an email. Also, using “dear” as a greeting for a professor was not considered a formal gesture. Thus, though I was sufficiently fluent in written English, it was still difficult for me to adapt to the culture and etiquette of the “US style” of writing emails to professors.

But I slowly learned with the help of some feedback from my advisor and also by learning from the departmental emails that I initially received from professors or other grad students, and I became comfortable emailing professors.

Here are some simple tips to follow, which will help you get better at the “US style” of emailing your professors.

What are the important sections of an academic email?

Email address.

Always use your university-affiliated email address or, if not, use a professional email address to make sure your email does not land in the spam folder before the reader/your professor even notices it!

For example,

• [email protected] — Yes!
• [email protected] — Not quite.

The Subject

The subject line should instantly convey what the email is about and where it’s coming from. It should avoid ambiguity and mystery.

• Meeting request for Rahul Khanna  (add your name and surname)  — Yes!
• Hello! Is it possible to meet? — Not quite.

The Greeting

The greeting should personally address the receiver of the email, but at the same time, it should not be informal or too casual .

• “Dear Dr. Xyz,” or “Dear Prof. Xyz,” — Yes!
• “Hey there,” or “Hi!” — Not quite.

The Introduction

While starting to write your email, you should identify yourself and explain your connection to the professor in context with the purpose of the email.

• “I am Rahul Khanna, a graduate student enrolled in your course XYZ 750.” — Yes!
• “I want to ask you a question about…” — Not quite.

The Main Body

• Be polite while stating your request in the email.
• Pay attention to the language and grammar . Write a short , simple, and error-free message to save your time as well as your professor’s time.
• Remember not to ask questions about any information that is publicly available , such as information on a class syllabus. It is always better to be informed before you contact your professor.

The Closing

While adding closing remarks, consider the timeline for when you expect a response from the professor, for example, the deadline to submit a recommendation letter. Along with the request, the closing remarks should include an expression of gratitude for your professor’s time and consideration.

A professional signature may include your full name. You might also wish to use your preferred name that you would like your reader to use in future conversations. You may also include your affiliation and possible ways to contact you including the physical address of your office or college, office phone number, and maybe a link to a professional website and/or your LinkedIn profile.

Attachments

Lastly, remember to mention and attach any documents needed for the purpose of the email. The attachments may include your resume, CV, or documents for submission.

To learn more about the Do’s and Don’ts of emailing a professor from Dr. Katie Homar, please visit the link here .

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Communicating with Professors: Sample Emails

Sending a personalized email to a faculty member.

Be professional! Keep it short and to the point

Include: a very brief bio about yourself, a statement about why you are interested in their research, that you would like to find out more about the possibility of working with them, provide your availability to begin, and be sure to ask for an appointment to meet with them.

Do not send out template emails. Personalize each one.

Limit your emails to 2 faculty within the same department.

Wait for a response. 

Correspondence Email Example #1

Dr. (or Professor)_______________,

My name is ______________ and I am a junior majoring in Biology with a minor in Health Advocacy. With exposure through the Lewis Honors College, I have become increasingly interested in undergraduate research, which is why I was so excited when you lectured Dr. Speck’s PGY206 class and presented your research lab. As an aspiring Physician’s Assistant with shadowing experience in Orthopedics, and as a former volleyball player with a personal interest in weight lifting and fitness, I believe that understanding the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy would overall be very rewarding. 

I would greatly appreciate an opportunity to discuss the possibility of my involvement in your research. I am more than willing to commit for the spring semester and summer session of 2018 at the least. Please let me know when you may be available. Thank you for your consideration, I look forward to hearing back from you.

Correspondence Email Example #2

Dear Professor X:

My name is (your name), and I am very interested in becoming involved in research in Subject Area. I am a student at the University of Kentucky majoring in (major). I have:

Taken the following courses related to Subject Area...

Have had the following related experiences...

My goal is to...

I have reviewed your faculty research profile and am interested in the work that you have done. I was intrigued by your journal article "Article Title." (Provide reaction to article/area of research with specific references). I would like to get involved in research in this area because it will help me to better prepare for my long-term goals of…

Would it be possible to meet with you to further discuss (topic) and my possible involvement in research under your guidance? Here is my availability for the next two weeks (give several days and times that you’re available). I appreciate your consideration and look forward to hearing from you.

Respectfully,

Correspondence Email Example #3

NOTE: Sample email from UCLA student but would equate to a 395 course at UK Dear Dr. Bruin,

I am a first-year UCLA undergraduate student majoring in Psychology. I wish to enroll in the Student Research Program (SRP) 99 Contract Course administered by the Undergraduate Research Center–Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. The program offers course units for research completed under the guidance of a UCLA faculty mentor.

I see by your faculty page that your research and teaching interests include stress in the workplace, and I recently read your article in Psychology Research entitled “Stress Analysis in the Workplace.”My research interests focus on the psychological impact of driving in Los Angeles, and I would like to explore how individual commutes could be a possible ‘upstream’ cause of workplace stress.

I would greatly appreciate an opportunity to meet with you to discuss the possibility of enrolling in an SRP 99 research course with you for the upcoming quarter. I am available on Tuesdays and Fridays after 2:00 p.m. for a meeting or interview. Please find my CV attached for your review. 

I appreciate your time and consideration.

Student’s Name

Correspondence Email Example #4

Dear Dr. (or Professor),

My name is __________________and I am currently a (year in school) here at the University of Kentucky majoring in (major) . Since coming to the University, I have become increasingly interested in getting involved in medical research. My ultimate goal is to become a pediatric doctor and I feel that participating in undergraduate research is a great way to gain further understanding of what being a doctor and working towards finding solutions to major medical issues is all about.

This semester I am a Chellgren Fellow, which has pushed me to get even more involved in research. As a Chellgren Fellow, we are prompted to get involved in research by finding a research mentor for the upcoming spring semester. I have attached a letter giving more details about the research aspect of the Fellowship from the professor in charge of the program.

I would love to meet with you to discuss the possibility of being involved in your research. Please let me know when you may be available. I truly look forward to hearing back from you. 

How to Email a Professor: Cold Email Strategies, Examples, Templates

• Sam Greenspan
• Last Updated on December 20th, 2023

There are moments throughout your college career where you’ll need to cold email a professor. If your college experience is anything like mine, most of those moments will be at two in the morning when you’re in an all-out panic. And you won’t have time to outline, write, edit, and re-write those emails making sure they’re phrased in the perfect way.

In this article, we’ll cover  everything you need to know about cold emailing professors , lecturers, TAs, and other teachers and instructors.

We’ll go over  strategies  (we’ve spoken with several students, professors, and experts to learn the best techniques) and give  examples and templates for specific types of emails to professors .

One note before we jump in. Please  adapt these templates and make them your own . Don’t use them word-for-word. Impersonal emails never work.

We hope this makes your future 2:00 A.M. meltdowns go a whole lot smoother.

How to Email a Professor: Table of Contents

13 strategies when you’re cold emailing a professor, templates for cold emails to professors, how to set up these personalized cold emails (and more) in gmass, how to email a professor: conclusion and takeaways.

Need to cold email a professor? That means:  Emailing a professor with a request when that professor likely has no idea who you are.

We’ll cover some specific examples later in this article but to give you a base, here are general tips for cold emailing a professor.

Fundamental tips for sending a cold email to a professor

Use an informative subject line.

Your subject line should  make it clear what you’re emailing about . And if you can personalize the subject line, that’s even better.

Keep it tight

Professors don’t want to read essays. (Unless they’ve assigned essays for a midterm. And even then, I’m not sure they’re dying to read them.)

Keep your messages tight —  three to four short paragraphs  is best.

Make it highly personalized

I can’t say this loud enough:  Generic mass cold emails won’t work. You need to tailor your message to the professor.

For instance, if you want to join their research group, cite their work that resonates with you, how it ties into your area of study, and the unique or valuable perspective you can bring to it.

Personalization here needs to go beyond, “I read your paper on articulated robots and found it interesting.” Show you  really  dug in and found some insight from their work.

Generally, if you’re going to cold email a professor, go for something less generic than “I noticed on your website that one of your interests is Machine Learning”. — Zachary Lipton (@zacharylipton) November 17, 2018

Dr. Monica Malta, a researcher and professor at the University of Toronto, suggests taking it even further. One of Dr. Malta’s top trainees came from a cold email.

“They knew what I was working on, not only by reading my professional page, but also by  following me on Twitter , where I’m quite active. And they were specific about what they were looking for as an internship, what qualifications they had, what they wanted to learn… this trainee did their internship and continued to a master’s degree with me.”

Sell yourself without sending a full autobiography

You have three sentences at most to (1) introduce yourself (2) sell yourself and (3) make it clear how you’re different than all the other people cold emailing this professor and, therefore, worthy of their time. Accomplishing all that is going to take effort… and lots of editing and re-writing.

Get the details right

Get the professor’s title right. (Dr.? Professor?) Make sure your email is typo-free, you demonstrate a full understanding of what the professor does, and your request is relevant to their work.

Olumuyiwa Igbalajobi, Ph.D., a mycologist at the University of British Columbia, stresses the importance of accuracy in his  work  with students on their cold emailing. “Read that email over and over again,” he says, “Before you press the send button.”

Don’t email a professor when you’re on a tight deadline for their response

If you email a professor something to the effect of: “I have a paper due tomorrow on [topic], can you please send me your research and answer these five questions?” you will not hear back.

Even if the professor has time they won’t be inclined to reward your irresponsibility.

Follow up if you don’t hear back

You don’t want to follow up too soon or too aggressively… but you  should  follow up.

Send a follow-up email about a week to two weeks after your initial email . If you still haven’t heard back after that and you’re  determined  to make this work, you could try visiting the professor during their office hours. Or… take the hint and move on to your next contact.

Advanced strategies for sending a cold email to a professor

Don’t email two professors from the same department at the same time with the same request.

Professors in the same department are more likely to talk to one another than professors in different departments or different schools. If they figure out you’ve emailed both of them,  suddenly your personalized request doesn’t feel so sincere .

Also, you should probably limit your cold emails to two professors in the same department total.

Flattery can work… if it feels sincere

Flattery is an art. If your flattery is coming from a genuine place, that will shine through. If you tell the professor a minor detail in a report they wrote 10 years ago changed your life… that’s less believable.

Your goal is to adequately  praise the professor’s work without coming off as insincere  or too sycophantic.

The basic principle of enticing any Professor when sending cold email is this: ‘Everyone likes to be quoted’ Once you understand this, you are good. — Oludayo Sokunbi (Deewon) (@Oludeewon) September 16, 2021

Warm up the cold lead by talking with other students already working with the professor

If you’re looking to join a professor’s lab or research group, contact the other undergrad or graduate students in that group. Pick their brains on what the professor is looking for and what messages might resonate.

Schedule your email for the right time

What’s the best time to email a professor?  Early-ish in the morning  so they get the email as they start their work day.

Also, avoid sending big requests when professors are busy around midterm and final time (if the professor teaches classes).

Important points to remember while emailing: 1. Schedule your email so that it reaches them before their office hours (around 8 AM their time zone) 2. Use the correct salutation (Dr./Mr./Miss etc.) @OpenAcademics @PhDfriendSana @hapyresearchers — Graduate School Counsellor📚🏫✈️ (@sjay_yayy) August 8, 2021

Warm up with a different request

If you have time to play the long game, you can establish a relationship with a cold email with a light request… then, down the road, send a warmer email with your big request.

This trick will make a professor respond to your cold email https://t.co/xIaUz9A5nm — Muneer Yaqub🇺🇸🇳🇬 (@elMunir5) May 24, 2022

For example, you could email a professor now telling them you’re citing their research in a paper you’re writing. Ask a clarification question, ask for a quote, ask if they can send you a copy —  any low-lift request .

Now, when you reach out in a few months about joining their research group, you can cite your prior interaction.

Dr. Malta agrees with the slower approach. “If, by any chances, you met this person at a cocktail party, how would you approach? You probably wouldn’t just walk up and start pitching them, right? … You might try to connect with this person, either by mentioning a shared friend or interest, and later you could make your pitch.”

How to end an email to a professor

It’s easy to overthink the end of your email. Make sure you end with a thank you — for their time and their consideration. Avoid saying “Thanks in advance” — that’s too presumptive.

“Finish with something nice,” Dr. Malta says, “If it’s appropriate, mention that you understand that their schedule is busy, assuring that they can reply when they have time.”

As for your “last word,” you can use “Regards,” “Sincerely,” “Thank you,” or anything else formal or semi-formal . (So as much as you want to end with “Keep it real,” resist the urge.)

How to email a professor about joining a research group or lab

An email to a professor about joining a group  needs to accomplish a lot of things in only a few paragraphs . You need to introduce yourself, demonstrate deep understanding and admiration for the professor/group’s work, show why you’re qualified to join and would be an asset, and give a call-to-action.

It should also trend toward a formal tone without being  too  stilted or unnatural.

Here’s a sample.

Template for joining a research group

Dr. Jones, My name is Myra Smith and I’m a first-year graduate student in the archaeology program. I was intrigued by your paper on the contravening impact of reptiles in the antiquities retrieval process. The section on the psychosomatic aspects of an archaeologist’s anathema toward snakes was particularly compelling and inspired; I cited it in my graduate thesis on the intersection of biology and archaeology. As an aspiring swashbuckling archeologist with an academic specialization on mythical religious antiquities and invertebrate avoidance, I would appreciate an opportunity to talk with you about joining your research group for the upcoming year (and beyond). My resume is attached and I am available for a chat in person, on Zoom, or over the phone. Please let me know if we can schedule a time. Regards, Myra Smith

Why the template to join a research group works

Here’s what this template does:

• Opens with the  correct title  (Dr. in this case).
• Has a  quick introduction  of the sender.
• Includes a brief discussion of the professor’s work. It shows the  student has read and understood the work  (and, in this case, even cited it).
• Gives the  student’s credentials . It shows the professor  why the student would be an asset to the group .
• Includes a  call-to-action  to reply.

Email to ask for thesis advisor or dissertation chair

The process of reaching out to a thesis advisor has some similarities to the research group email. You still need to introduce yourself properly and demonstrate a deep and specific knowledge of the professor’s work.

You should also include your thesis focus. Figure out the best way to  present it so it intrigues the professor and is academically stimulating to them  without giving it all away or going into too much detail — that will draw them in.

Template for asking for an advisor

Dr. Jones, My name is Myra Smith. I’m a junior here at Marshall College in the archaeology department. Your research, in particular your work on the lost ark of the covenant, was the inspiration for the direction I’ve taken with my archaeology studies. The examination of facial liquefaction was particularly transformative. I am currently beginning work on my thesis on mythical religious antiquities. In particular, I’ve found myself focusing on artifacts guarded by the Knights Templar. Are you currently accepting students for thesis advisory? Based on your expertise and academic focus this partnership feels like the perfect fit for my work. Please let me know if we can schedule a time to discuss further. Thank you, Myra Smith

Why this template to a potential advisor works

This template:

• Keeps everything  brief .
• Opens with a  quick introduction .
• Shows an  understanding and admiration for the professor’s work . You shouldn’t say they were an “inspiration” unless they genuinely were; however, citing specifics in their work is important.
• Offers enough information about the student’s thesis to make it clear it’s a new and interesting topic — but leaves it  just  vague enough to  spark the professor’s curiosity .
• Gives a  respectful call-to-action .

Email to a professor for research assistance

Sometimes you may need to contact a professor for assistance with a research project.

In some ways, this cold email is a smaller ask than the others: You’re not asking to join their group or bring them on as an advisor, just for some research help. But in other ways, it’s a bigger ask: Research groups and advisory are defined parts of their job, sending info to a random student isn’t.

You need to  make a compelling case  why you’re reaching out to them. You also need to set a  strategic  deadline — you don’t want to seem irresponsible with a deadline that’s too soon, but also don’t want them to forget with a deadline too far off.

Template for asking for research assistance

Dr. Jones, My name is Myra Smith. I’m a senior at Marshall College in Connecticut in the physics department. I’m currently working on a report on the physics of the whip which I plan to submit to multiple journals. In my research I found your paper “The Versatility of the Whip: Weapon, Swing Assistant, or Artifact Retrieval?” Your empirical whip experience in all three facets is unique, to say the least, and your insight would be invaluable. Would you be available for a brief, 15-minute interview so I could ask some follow-up questions to your work? I can also email the questions if that’s more convenient. Please let me know if you’re available at any time in the next two weeks. Thank you, Myra Smith

Why this template for research assistance works

Here’s why this template works:

• The student  introduces themself in a succinct manner .
• The email  cites the professor’s relevant work  and makes it clear why the student is specifically reaching out to  them .
• The student  keeps the request for time brief  and convenient.
• The student sets a  strategic deadline without being pushy .

How to ask a professor for a letter of recommendation via email

A letter of recommendation request isn’t a true cold email — after all, the professor should know who you are if you’re asking them for the letter.

However, this is a cold request — in that they aren’t expecting it and it’s adding work to their plate.

A good letter of recommendation email will “re-introduce” you by covering your history with the professor, jogging their memory  about your relationship. It will explain  why you need the letter  of recommendation. And it will set a  reasonable deadline  — much like the research request above, a deadline that’s not too soon but not too far away.

Template for asking for a letter of recommendation

Dear Dr. Jones, It’s Myra Smith from Archaeology 504: Making Your Comeback by Searching for Alien Artifacts. The course has been fascinating, of course, much like the other two courses I’ve taken with you in the past. I was hoping based on my work in the class and our conversations during your office hours (in particular our hour-long chat on crystal skulls) you could write a recommendation letter for me. As you can see from my attached resume, I’m planning to apply for jobs for procurement at museums all around the world. I know a recommendation from you carries a tremendous amount of weight and would be invaluable as I begin my career. Please let me know if you’ll have availability to write the letter sometime in the next few weeks. I’m planning to begin applying in October. I’d also be happy to come by during your office hours to discuss this further. Thank you, Myra Smith

Why this letter of recommendation request works

This request does a lot in only four paragraphs.

• It  re-introduces the student  and jogs the professor’s memory on their experience together.
• It lays out  why the student needs the recommendation .
• It uses flattery, but  the flattery is genuine .
• It sets a  reasonable deadline  that shows the student isn’t operating last minute… but that there’s some sense of urgency.
• It  makes things easy on the professor , as the student offers to come to office hours as a follow-up.

Now that we’ve covered the strategies and templates, I’m going to walk you through  setting up these emails in GMass .

GMass is a cold email platform that works directly inside of Gmail or Google Workspace — no external app required.

Even though, in many cases, you’ll be sending these emails one at a time, you can (and should) still use GMass’s features like tracking, automated follow-ups, and scheduling.

And if you are sending emails to multiple professors at once, GMass’s Google Sheets integration should make that process even easier. With GMass, you’ll be able to  personalize the emails at scale .

Download and connect to GMass

Get started with GMass for free by  downloading the Chrome extension  from the Chrome Web Store. On the GMass free plan you can send up to 50 emails in a day. That should more than cover your needs here.

Our only ask: Based on our thousands of reviews, after you see GMass in action, you’ll realize there are so, so many ways you can use it in your future academic life and professional life. So please remember GMass when you’re ready to upgrade to a paid plan (or team plan) with a higher sending limit.

It should  only take a minute or two to download GMass and connect it to your Gmail or Google Workspace account . For step-by-step instructions, our  quickstart guide  will walk you through.

Compose your email

Open a Gmail compose window and type up your cold email — just like you’d type any other email.

Schedule, follow-ups, and tracking

Click the small arrow next to the red GMass button to bring up the settings for this email campaign. (Even though it’s a single email, we’ll still call it a “campaign.”)

Open and click tracking

Open and click tracking  are both turned on by default. If you want to turn them off for whatever reason, uncheck the boxes. GMass will track replies and bounces regardless.

Scheduling the email

Click into the  Schedule  section of the settings.

Use the dropdown menu next to “Time” to set the date and time for the email. (First thing in the morning is the recommendation.)

Set up an automated follow-up

You can use GMass to set up an  automated follow-up  — one that will only go out if the professor doesn’t reply to your initial email.

Click into the Auto Follow-up section of the settings.

Check the box under Stage 1. Then set the auto follow-up to go out If  No Reply  after  7  days. That means this follow-up message will go out after one week if the professor hasn’t replied.

Type your message in the box. I kept it  brief, polite, and formal  in this example.

Sending a test, then sending the email

You can  test the email (and the follow-up sequence)  with GMass.

At the top of the settings box, click the arrow next to the purple Send Test button. Then check the box next to “Send all stages” — that will send you the entire sequence.

Now  click the Send Test button  and check your inbox for a test version of the email.

As you can see,  the follow-up will come as a reply to the prior email . That simulates how you’d send the email if you were doing this process manually, not automated.

Check and double-check your emails to make sure everything looks right, there are no typos, you’ve remembered to attach what you said was attached, and you’re happy with what you’ve written.

Once you’re satisfied with the email, return to your draft and  hit the red GMass button to send . (Or, if you’ve scheduled the email for some time in the future, to queue the email to go out at the designated time.)

Re-using this template in the future

If things don’t work out with this professor, you can quickly re-use this email (and its follow-up) with  GMass’s template feature .

GMass turns any email you send into a template you can re-use  with one click.

To use a past GMass campaign as the template for a new campaign, open a new Gmail compose window and head into the GMass settings.

Click on the dropdown under Templates.

Then select your prior email from the list.

GMass will automatically fill in the old template in the compose window. Your settings and auto follow-up(s) will also carry over. Now you can edit this email to send to the next professor.

Sending multiple cold emails at scale with GMass

The how-to guide above works for sending a single email to a single professor. But what if you need to email multiple professors?

You can set that up in GMass — and use  mail merge  to make sure every email is properly personalized.

Set up a Google Sheet

Set up a  Google Sheet  with the professors’ info. In my sample here, I included columns for email, salutation, first name, last name, an entire personalized paragraph about their research and my connection to that research, and a link to a PDF of my research tailored toward their specialty.

Connect the Google Sheet to GMass

In Gmail, click the spreadsheet icon next to the Gmail search box. Then connect to this Google Sheet. (You will need to give GMass permissions to access your Google Drive files the first time.)

The Gmail compose window will come up once you’ve connected your spreadsheet.

You can use mail merge tags to fill in the data from your Google Sheet. Type a left curly brace  {  and you’ll see a list of your column headers — which are now  the merge tags for your email .

Here’s my email with the merge tags.

Personalized attachments

You can send  personalized attachments  with these emails by putting links to those attachments in your Google Sheet. GMass will “download” the file from that link and attach it to the proper email when you send.

It’s a  great way to add things like a tailored resume, cover letter, research findings, or other information .

Create drafts

When you’re dealing with sensitive information in a mail merge, you may want to review each email before you send it. You can do that with GMass’s  drafts feature .

In the GMass settings, click “Create Drafts” under Action.

GMass will create a draft of each personalized message. You can find them in your Gmail drafts folder , then either send them or delete them (to edit the email or your Google Sheet).

Cold emailing professors isn’t easy — and it’s natural to feel all sorts of anxiety right before and right after you send.

But cold email is a  fantastic  way to connect and communicate — and to  work with the professors you most want to work with .

You (almost certainly) won’t have a 100% success rate. But if you can avoid taking that personally, you stick with cold email, and you  keep refining and improving the messages you send  — you will get results.

We hope  GMass can be a huge asset for you  in the cold email process. Whether you’re sending a cold email to one professor or a whole list, GMass adds cold email features directly inside Gmail which can improve every step of the process.

Download  GMass from the Chrome Web Store to get started. And try it out for free — you can send up to 50 emails per day during your free trial period.

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Emailing a faculty member can be intimidating, especially if you don’t know them very well.  Getting an email started can be the hardest part of reaching out.  Thankfully, there are a few guiding rules that can help you start off on the right foot!

• Always start out your email with a polite “Dear” or “Hello” followed by your professor’s name/title (Dr. XYZ, Professor XYZ, etc.).  If you’re not sure what their proper title is, using “Professor” followed by their last name is almost always a safe bet.
• Tip: If you want to know their proper title, check the class syllabus!
• Even if your professor knows who you are, it can never hurt to give a brief introduction.  Simply giving your preferred name, year, major, and the course you’re enrolled in can provide a great deal of context.
• An email is more formal than a text or message on social media, so be sure this is reflected in your writing (no abbreviations/acronyms).  Be sure not only to use spelling/grammar check, but also proofread the email.  You can even ask a friend or roommate to give it one final read-through.
• Conclude your email with a closing, such as “Best regards”, “Sincerely”, or “Thank you” followed by your name.
• Tip: Set up a signature on your Purdue email account that include your full name, major, and intended graduation year. To learn how to do this, click here .

Example Email to a Professor

Dear Professor Smith,

My name is Emma Jones and I am a sophomore in your Tuesday/Thursday General Physics Class.  I am writing because in class yesterday you mentioned having some open positions in your research lab.  I found the summary of your project very interesting, and I would like to learn more and possibly talk to you about joining the lab.  Is there a time in the coming weeks that we could meet?

Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you soon!

Best regards,

Emma Emma Jones Student ID: 123456 Applied Physics, Class of 2022

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How to address a professor in letter?

When writing letter to an academic professor (not necessarily from student to professor), what is the appropriate way to address his/her title?

I have seen in letters using

Dear Prof. X even when the addressee is not a full professor

Dear Dr. X though, knowing that the addressee is a full professor

Dear Mr/Mrs X though, knowing that s/he has an academic title

• professorship

• 20 All faculty (in the US) can be properly addressed as "Prof. X". We faculty are all professors, even though we are not all Professors. –  JeffE Commented Sep 1, 2013 at 15:29
• 1 I used to have an instructor who specifically didn't want to be addressed as "professor" because he wasn't a professor. He asked us to just call him by his first name. Though clearly I wouldn't suggest doing that unless they explicitly tell you to. –  user541686 Commented Aug 22, 2014 at 4:47
• It also depends on the campus culture -- I went to St. John's in Annapolis, and the faculty were all called Tutors, and the only one we called Dr. was also a cardiologist. Everyone else (including students) was Mr./Ms. –  April Salutes Monica C. Commented Sep 19, 2019 at 13:36
• For this question to be useful you need to specify what country you're in. –  Flyto Commented Sep 19, 2019 at 18:08

6 Answers 6

The appropriate way to address someone is with their proper title. In your question, it seems you know what the title should/should not be. If you know, use it. If you don't know, it's generally safer to err on the side of formality.

While I personally prefer (and request) everyone to refer to me by my given name, I do feel it a little strange when someone I do not know / have never met addresses me in writing by my given name. Perhaps I am old fashioned but I expect introductions to be formal (and better to be too formal than too familiar) and then quickly get to preferred ways of addressing (i.e., to use my given name).

When corresponding (in writing or electronically) I would look to the signature. If they wrote:

Then I would write back

• I follow exactly the same rules. The only liberty I allow myself sometimes is to write "Prof. Schmoe" instead of "Professor Schmoe" in the very first letter if I am sure that he knows of me and wouldn't mind to communicate with me informally. However, I never start with "Dear John" or abbreviate in any way in an "official" message (like job application, etc.) that may be filed with the office rather than read in private even if the addressee is among my personal friends. Also it is better to make an error of addressing a secretary as Prof. than that of addressing a professor as Mr. –  fedja Commented Sep 1, 2013 at 14:00
• @earhling, at this point (i.e. after the original email and your reply, where you used a more informal Dear John ) would you consider appropriate if John wrote back starting with Dear Joe, thanks for... or it's still better to use again Dear Professor Schmoe, thanks for... ? –  boscovich Commented Sep 1, 2013 at 17:38
• 4 @andrea In the example in my answer, where I signed my letter "Joe" then I consider it completely acceptable for him to respond "Dear Joe" - however, to be even more clear, I could add "Please call me Joe." However, since I've signed the letter "Joe" I would expect him to interpret that as an invitation to use my first name from here forward. If he continues to use "Professor Schmoe" I would think either he was a bit too formal or he didn't read the signal (my signature) clearly enough. –  earthling Commented Sep 1, 2013 at 23:51
• 4 FWIW this is the convention I go by as well. If someone signs a letter or email with their first name only, that is an implicit invitation to address them by their first name in any future written communication. If they sign it with their first and last name, or their title and last name, that indicates you should stick to formal forms of address. I think this convention is widely known about. –  David Z Commented Sep 2, 2013 at 2:00

This is a sticky question. Preferences for academic titles varies between countries, institutions and individuals.

In the US, any individual employed in an instructional capacity by an institution of higher education can be properly addressed as "Professor Smith", even if his or her official title is "Assistant Professor", "Lecturer", "Adjunct Instructor", etc. Moreover, any individual holding a doctoral degree can be addressed as "Dr. Smith".

Of course, these two cases often overlap, and you are left to decide whether to use "Professor" or "Dr.". The pattern I've observed is that at institutions where only some of the faculty have doctorates, those who do are more likely to prefer "Dr."; whereas at places where almost everyone has a doctorate, they will all prefer "Professor".

I think the safest default, and the one I most commonly see, is

Dear Professor Smith,

I would not abbreviate "Professor" as "Prof.". It sounds too much like an annoying student saying "Hiya, prof!"

• 6 Note that in Germany (and possibly elsewhere) it is common practice to address someone with their full title (sometimes even in speech). For example, Professor Doktor Zweistein... –  TransferOrbit Commented Mar 23, 2014 at 11:31

This depends on a number of factors, not limited to the country the professor is in, the actual title, the type of correspondence (formal/informal), and the professor's personal preference. In the U.S. in computer science, for instance, virtually everyone goes by first names, almost regardless of university affiliation or rank.

I would avoid Mr./Ms. if you know there is an academic title (and these days, unless you have demonstrable evidence that the person prefers it, never Mrs.). I happen to prefer people use my first name, but I have to admit that it does tweak me a little bit if someone who should know better calls me "Mr." instead of "Dr." ( "I didn't spend six years in evil medical school to be called 'Mister', thank you very much!" ) I shake my head whenever I get an email from my PhD alma matter when they refer to me as "Mr." -- of all the places or people in the world that should get this right, they don't!

If you're in a country where it seems to matter (Germany comes to mind), call the person's office and ask explicitly (or figure it out by going to the professor's web site or the school site). Otherwise, I suggest that for a formal never-been-introduced letter you should use either "Dr." (if applicable) or "Professor" (for all ranks of professor), or if you're in a field where first names are standard, go with that. For unofficial correspondence, you will be safe with the formal titles, but shouldn't have a problem with a first name.

• 2 The only caveat I would have is unless you're in a field where the first name is the universal default, don't address somebody by the first name until invited! (The "Du/Sie" issue in Germany is still a big thing in Germany, for instance—and violating that kind of protocol can get you into a lot of trouble!) –  aeismail Commented Sep 1, 2013 at 13:28

I am from Russian culture where the word "professor" is only used with PhDs. Many years ago (in 1998), in USA, I was hired at a community college as an Adjunct Instructor to teach a class. I had only a Bachelor's degree at the time. Every time, when I had college correspondence where they addressed me "Professor", I felt that I did not deserve that title. Later, I knew that it was quite a common way to address college instructors. Now, I have had Master's degree for 18 years. It still doesn't feel right if they call me Professor. I don't think it is a commonly used title anymore, though. When it is appropriate, in correspondence, I would put "M.Ed." after my name, like when writing to a university with an inquiry. I am not very excited with being addressed Ms., however there is no other way, so it is as it is. When I address someone, and I know he or she has a PhD, I will always address them Dr. (last name). PhD is the highest educational degree and a big personal merit - it has to be recognized and observed in a title. As for the "du/Sie" in German, or "ты/Вы" in Russian - there are no guesses, grey areas, or "maybe". You call du/ты only your husband, wife, close friend or a child. All other unknown people in formal environment, business people you call only the polite Sie/Вы.

Before writing be aware about: the context- formal vs informal (friend or someone you have been in touch long ago vs cover letter for a journal); In the latter context you always should address the person in cause by the academic position: Professor (be sure about his/her position- in the web - it is not difficult).

I will address Dr. X (if I know that my professor is holds a doctoral degree) and I will address Professor X (if I am not sure that he is holding doctoral degree). Not all professors hold doctoral degree I guess.

• This is the start of a good answer, but perhaps if you can find a style guide to support this, or recommend HOW someone researches whether or not someone is a PhD? –  April Salutes Monica C. Commented Sep 19, 2019 at 13:35
• In the UK this almost works the other way around - you know that most staff hold doctorates, but you may not know if they are professors, and indeed the odds may be low (that title is used really differently on the two sides of the atlantic). So I tend to default to "Dr X" as the least likely to offend. –  Flyto Commented Sep 19, 2019 at 18:10

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How to Write a Professional Email, CV, and Cover Letter to a Professor

• Before writing an email to a professor for opening positions, make sure to check out the professor’s webpage and lab website. (You can even read some recent publications if relevant)
• Avoid writing generic emails. Make sure the opening position is a good fit.
• Always include last name or full name after Dr./Prof. ***
• Aways always attaching your CV.

Resources for writing an email:

How to email a professor Tips for emailing a professor Tips to write effective cold email for jobs

Resources for writing a CV:

Tips for academic CV How to write an academic CV

Resources for writing a cover letter:

Tips for writing a good cover letter Cover letter for job applications (Cover letter is often needed for postdoc applications, not required for graduate or undergraduate students)

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This is a letter from "Epistolae: Medieval Women's Letters". Epistolae is a collection of medieval Latin letters to and from women. The letters collected date from the 4th to the 13th centuries, and they are presented in their original Latin as well as in English translation. Dr. Joan Ferrante, Professor Emerita of English and Comparative Literature of Columbia University, has, with her colleagues, collected and translated these letters mainly from printed sources. She worked with the Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning to develop this unique open online collection for teaching and research purposes.

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