dynamic balancing experiment

DYNAMIC BALANCING OF ROTATING MACHINERY EXPERIMENT

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Static and Dynamic Balancing

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The purpose of balancing is reducing the shaking f orce and shaking moment that negatively influence the behaviour of machines. The balancing principles and methods have been researched for a long time but results of the inv stigation aren ́t commonly applied. This can be caused by the lack of information and some d rawbacks that balancing brings. Disadvantages of balancing are usually large addition of mass and inertia, design problems and others. Every added mass causes changes of energy a nd thus changes of angular velocity of the drive shaft. The aim of this paper is to descri be this unexplored influence of balancing on non-uniform motion. Each balancing method affects the uniformity of mot ion variously. For a comparison, a crank-slider mechanism was chosen to demonstrate th influence of several different balancing methods varies. The biggest interest was put on static balancing by counterweights which is the most used method and very often the only one applied. Also the influ...

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Eight common benefits of dynamic balancing

Rather than trying to remove all vibration from the machinery, it is beneficial to seek to balance the machinery to the greatest extent possible..

The ultimate goal in any piece of equipment is to have it operating free of any vibration while running smoothly for a long time. In reality, however, vibration is always going to be a part of any rotating machinery, and certain levels of vibration may even be acceptable. Rather than trying to remove all vibration from the machinery, it is beneficial to seek to balance the machinery to the greatest extent possible. This reduces vibration to the point of reduced noise levels, and the existing vibration doesn’t affect machine life.

One method of balancing is known as static balancing, and it is achieved by using low friction bearings to allow the machinery to settle so that the heaviest point is on the bottom. It is then possible to remove material from the lower point or add it to the top point until it is rotating on the true axis. The process of static balancing is continually repeated until the heavy point no longer exists.

The problem with static balancing is that it can give a false correction, so the machinery is not truly balanced. Although this type of balancing may be perfectly acceptable on smaller machines, and it is a step in the right direction, using dynamic balancing is a much more effective way of removing vibration and extending the life of the machine.

Dynamic balancing is performed with sensors attached to the bearing pedestals. It allows for the identification of the imbalance on two planes so that a real correction can take place. It makes use of machinery to identify the point of the imbalance and correct it. Other factors to consider are the length of the machine as well as its operating speed.

A problem with unbalance may be linked to various issues with the machine. These could include fabrication problems at the place of assembly, installation problems, and a machine that has been in service for an extended amount of time.

Benefits of dynamic balancing

When a machine is operating in balance, it is functioning as designed. Numerous consequences could result from having a machine in a smooth, well-balanced operating order. These outcomes include the following:

• Low vibration: One of the greatest sources of vibration is unbalance.
• Low noise: Mechanical vibration is also one of the leading causes of airborne noise.
• Operator fatigue: The exposure to high levels of noise and vibration can affect the efficiency of the operator.
• Operator safety: Machine failure is less likely to occur, personal safety is increased.
• Bearing life: Balancing the machine can extend the bearing life as it is affected most by unbalance.
• Structural stress: Due to the fact that vibration associated with unbalance is absorbed by the surrounding structure, having a machine operating in balance will reduce structural stress.
• Operating cost: Many facilities will keep extra machines on hand in case a breakdown occurs. Because machines operate longer and with fewer problems, you can keep fewer machines on hand.
• Productivity: The increase in uptime improves productivity.

Make sure that you include a vibration analysis in your preventative maintenance program. Not only can it help to identify a problem, it can often lead to a solution as to what can be done before a major failure occurs.

– David Manney is a marketing administrator at L&S Electric. This article originally appeared on L&S Electric Watts New Blog. L&S Electric Inc. is a CFE Media content partner.

Original content can be found at lselectric.com .

Do you have experience and expertise with the topics mentioned in this content? You should consider contributing to our WTWH Media editorial team and getting the recognition you and your company deserve. Click here to start this process.

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STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING

Bench top apparatus for experiments in balancing a rotating mass system, statically and dynamically.

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This product allows students to do experiments in balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against accepted theory.

A sturdy base unit holds a test assembly on four flexible mounts. The test assembly includes a balanced steel shaft mounted horizontally on low friction bearings. The equipment includes a set of four rotating masses (balance blocks). The balance blocks fix in any horizontal position and relative angle on the shaft. Each block contains a different (and removable) circular insert, allowing students to create four blocks of different mass and moment. Without the inserts, the blocks become four identical masses for simple balancing tests.

Students fit an extension shaft and pulley (supplied) to the end of the balance shaft. They then add weights (supplied) to a cord wound round the pulley to measure accurately the moment of each balance block.

The test assembly includes a protractor at the end of the shaft and a linear scale with slider under the shaft. These allow accurate measurement of balance block angles and horizontal positions.

An electric motor and belt turns the shaft to test for dynamic balancing. The flexible mounts allow the assembly to vibrate, showing imbalance during dynamic balancing tests. Students remove the belt to check for static balance (the shaft should remain static at any angular position).

A transparent safety dome covers the whole rotating assembly. An interlock shuts off power to the motor when the dome is not fitted.

Learning outcomes

• Demonstration of simple static and dynamic balancing of two, three and four rotating masses
• Dynamic balancing of rotating mass systems by calculation and vector diagrams (triangle and polygon)

Static and Dynamic Balancing - TecQuipment

TecQuipment’s Sturdy Work Bench WB1 is suitable for use with most TecQuipment bench top products.

BALANCE OF RECIPROCATING MASSES

Bench mounted model four cylinder engine with control and instrumentation unit that demonstrates the primary and secondary forces and moments when balancing reciprocating masses.

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