flower stem experiment

Color Changing Flowers Science Experiment

I just love this color changing flowers science experiment ! It is really easy to do and the kids love watching the flowers change color. We think it is the perfect science activity for spring!

Color Changing Flowers Science Experiment

I even created printable recording sheets that kids in preschool and early elementary can use to show their observations. Don’t forget to scroll to the bottom of the post to get them.

flower stem experiment

Related: Walking Water Science Experiment

Color Changing Flowers Experiment

We love a good science experiment and this one did not disappoint. It was really neat to watch the flowers change colors. If you are looking for a science activity to try this spring, you should definitely give this one a go!

Supplies Needed:

  • Free printable recording sheets (button to download at the bottom of this post)
  • White carnations
  • Liquid food coloring in a variety of colors

Instructions:

  • To start you will want to trim down the stems of the flower so they fit your cups or glasses.
  • Add water to each cup.
  • Then put about 10-15 drops of food coloring in the water and stir around a bit.
  • Add at least one carnation to each glass of colored water.
  • Check in on the flowers every couple of hours and observe any changes.

Dying flowers science activity for kids.

Observing the Flowers Change Color

We did this color changing flower experiment in the early evening and we started to see changes within a couple of hours. Some of the flowers started showing faint streaks of color along their petals.

Dying carnations to learn about capillary action.

By the next morning, most of them were even more colorful. The flower in the purple water didn’t seem to be taking in much water, so I trimmed the stem a little more and it soon started showing more color in the petals.

Magic flower science activity.

The following day the color was even more vibrant.

We continued to watch the flowers over the next few days. They did get a bit brighter than the pics above, but never completely saturated in the color.

Next time, we plan to try even more food coloring to see if we get even more saturated colors. We also decided that we will try roses alongside carnations and see if one takes on the color better than the other.

There are lots of ways you can change-up the experiment. You can try doing several different flowers at once. Or you can try different amounts of food coloring.

Color changing daisies, carnations or roses.

How Do Plants Drink Water?

Plants drink water from the ground up through their roots. The water travels up the stem and into the petals of the flower. Although, our flowers didn’t have roots anymore they were still able to pull water up from the cup into the stem and up through the flower to the petals.

It is through capillary action that plants are able to defy gravity and pull water up and into their leaves and flowers.

To read more about capillary action, check out this awesome walking water science experiment !

A fun walking water science experiment.

We hope you’ll give this fun color changing flowers science experiment a try soon!

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Science is Fun and Engaging for Kids!

Science experiments help foster curiosity, ignite children’s imagination and help develop a love for learning! It’s a fantastic way for kids to develop problem solving skills, critical thinking and improve fine motor skills while building confidence!

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Other Fun Science Experiments for Kids

This rainbow  Walking Water Science Experiment  is one of our most popular science activities!

Try this super simple  Oobleck recipe  that only requires two household ingredients!

flower stem experiment

This rainbow skittles experiment is sure to WOW the kids!

Explore chromatography with this fun  chromatography science experiment  for kids!

Rain Cloud in a Jar

This  rain cloud jar science experiment  give children a chance to explore clouds and rain in a hands-on and engaging way

The kids will get a kick out of this super cool  dancing raisins science experiment !

Looking for more fun science? Your kids will love these 30 science experiments !

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Level of Education

  • Post Secondary

Recommended Age

Time Required

  • ~10 minutes
  • ~20 minutes
  • ~30 minutes
  • ~45 minutes

1 day or more

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  • 100 – 200 €

Supervision

Plant Transport: Changing the colour of a flower

Meta Description

Learning Objectives

The main goal of this experiment is to show how plants can take up water from the environment and circulate it throughout the plant.

Stomata These are pores in the leaf that allow gaseous exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. The opening and closing of the stomata is under the control of specialized cells called guard cells.

Xylem The vascular tissue is responsible for the conduction of water (and dissolved nutrients) from the roots in the soil to the aerial parts of the plant.

Transpiration The process which allows water to travel up the plant against the action of gravity.

Step 1 Decide what colour you want the flowers to be.

Step 2 Place around 20 drops (or until the water colour is a reasonably strong colour) of food colouring in a jar containing water.

Step 3 Cut the stalk of a white flower such that it fits comfortably in the jar.

Step 4 Leave the flower for a couple of hours or even overnight.

Step 5 Observe the new colour of the flower and the movement of the dye within it.

Be creative and reuse old plastic bottles instead of buying glassware. Don`t forget to recycle them at the end of the experiment!

You might also want to use beakers, test tube or boiling tube instead of a jar.

Make the experiment more fun by placing highlighter fluid in the water to create a magical looking glow in the dark flower.

Using a scalpel, carefully split the stem in two and place each end of the stem in different colours of water. What will happen to the flower?

Be careful when using a scalpel/scissors to cut the stalk of the flower. An adult /demonstrator should preferably cut the flower to prevent any injuries.

Food colouring carries little risk but it does stain so keep tissues close by. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957945/

Plant sap may be an irritant to some people so if it`s the case try using another plant so that the you can still be able to enjoy this fun experiment. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/706404_3 , or if you have sensitive skin use disposable gloves.

Transpiration is the process by which plants take up the water present in the soil and move it up the stem until it eventually reaches the leaves. It is here that the water can move out into the atmosphere again through small openings. This is a necessary process since water (together with the sun) is vital for the plant so it can perform photosynthesis, this allows plants to make up their own food.

To visualize this process imagine a relay race involving a baton. The baton represents the water molecules while the athletes represent the different plant organs. The first athlete (the roots) passes the baton to the next one (the stem) which in turn passes it to the next (the leaves). At the end of the race, the baton then is placed back in its container (back into the environment).

What do you think will happen to the colour of the white flower after some hours in the water-containing food colouring? Flower takes up the colour of the food colouring.

Why is the flower taking up the colour of the food colouring? Process of transpiration which causes the coloured water to move up the stem to the petals.

Why do dark spots develop on the flower petals? This is where the stomata are present.

How would you make a multicoloured flower? By putting the plant in one colour of water for a few hours, and then placing the plant in another colour.

What is the structure that water and the dye pass to travel up the plant? Xylem

In this experiment, the plant stem was placed in the water containing the food colouring. After some time the coloured solution was then noted to be taken up by the plant. This is due to a pulling force created by a phenomenon known as transpiration. http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/transport-in-flowering-plants-dye-experiment-2-aim-to-find-a-the-tissue-responsible-for-the-transport-of-water-b-the-rate-of-transport-of-water-in-a-leafy-shoot.html

Transpiration is the process by which water first evaporates through the small pores (stomata) present in the leaves and then moves out of the leaf into the atmosphere.

This causes the water molecules to move out of the xylem cells into the inside of the leaf to replace the lost water. This causes a pulling force that is known as capillary action to take place which allows water to move up the plant in a continuous stream.

http://www.science-sparks.com/2016/03/31/transport-in-plants/

In our experiment, the food colouring dissolved in the water is also moved through the plant up the stem and into the leaves through transpiration. When the water evaporates and is removed from the leaf’s stomata, the dye is left behind, resulting in a colour change in the leaves.

Transpiration is the process which allows water to travel up the plant against the action of gravity. Water is then lost from the upper parts of the plant by evaporation through the stomata. http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=1092853841&topicorder=6

Water gets absorbed by the roots from the soil (or in the case of our experiment from the stem) and gets transported to the leaves via the xylem. The roots of plants usually have hair like extensions protruding outwards into the soil. This allows for an increase in the surface area available for water absorption. https://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=1092853841

The entrance of carbon dioxide in the leaf through the stomatal pore is necessary for the process of photosynthesis which can be represented by the following equation:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon Dioxide +Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Water evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf’s stomata and into the air. This in turn creates a pulling force, pulling water out of the xylem into the leaf to replace the evaporated water. This forms an unbroken column of water in the xylem vessels of the plant, which moves upwards towards the leaves against the downward force of gravity.

Transpiration also causes the coloured water to travel up into the flower, the water eventually evaporates but the food colouring does not and remains, causing the flower to change coloured.

Applications

An innovative way of producing green energy is via the process of transpiration. This is being done using artificial glass leaves in an effort to combat global warming. This technology uses the air bubbles in the water column to generate an electric current which is then harvested. http://inhabitat.com/fern-power-artificial-glass-leaves-produce-energy-via-transpiration/

Controlling transpiration in a greenhouse allows the air moisture to be controlled. Moisture can present a problem in greenhouses since warm air and the high humidity promotes the growth of pathogenic fungi. This fungi can reduces crop yield. By controlling transpiration levels and improving air circulation within the greenhouse reduced the humidity and can help control the prevalence of these fungal pests. https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/fact-sheets/reducing-humidity-in-greenhouse

Another use of transpiration was found in Japan in 2016. This research made use of an artificial root systems created to combat the problem of shallow slope instability. Using what is known as transpiration-induced soil suction to enhance the stability of a slope using artificial roots. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viroon_Kamchoom/publication/292213007_A_new_artificial_root_system_to_simulate_the_effects_of_transpiration-induced_suction_and_root_reinforcement/links/56c15e1308aee5caccf683ee/A-new-artificial-root-system-to-simulate-the-effects-of-transpiration-induced-suction-and-root-reinforcement.pdf

Increase the temperature and observe as to whether the flower uptakes colour at a faster rate.

Check if the experiment would provide the same results if conducted in a very dark area (inside a cabinet for example).

See if exposure to wind would cause the flower to take up the colour faster. This can easily be demonstrated by placing the plant next to an open window.

Investigate other species of plants having white flowers and see if they uptake colour at a faster or perhaps a slower rate.

Preparation: 30mins

Conducting: 2 days

Clean Up: 5mins

Number of People

1 participant

Food colouring Jar Scissors/Scalpel White flower e.g. carnation Water Tape

Contributors

Transport in plants

http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/investigating-transport-systems-flowering-plant

Transport in flowering plants- Dye Experiment 2. Aim: To find (a) the tissue responsible for the transport of water. (b) the rate of transport of water in a leafy shoot.

http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/transport-in-flowering-plants-dye-experiment-2-aim-to-find-a-the-tissue-responsible-for-the-transport-of-water-b-the-rate-of-transport-of-water-in-a-leafy-shoot.html

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS – CAPILLARY ACTION

https://www.science-sparks.com/transport-in-plants/

DYED FLOWERS SCIENCE EXPERIMENT

https://theimaginationtree.com/dyed-flowers-science-experiment/

Staining Science: Capillary Action of Dyed Water in Plants

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-capillary-action-plant/

Colored flowers | Color changing flower experiment | Science experiments for kids | Elearnin

The Color-Changing Celery Experiment!

Science – Transportation in plants -xylem, phloem, transpiration pull – English

Additional Content

Attracting pollinators (Beginner)

How Plants Can Change Our Climate (Intermediate)

>LEAF POWER: Artificial Glass Leaves Produce Energy via Transpiration (Expert)

Cite this Experiment

Aquilina, M. C., & Styles, C. (2020, May 04). Plant Transport: Changing the colour of a flower. Retrieved from http://steamexperiments.com/experiment/plant-transport-changing-the-colour-of-a-flower/

First published: May 4, 2020 Last modified: April 22, 2022

Creative Commons License

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Flower Science Experiments & Parts of a Flower Activities

Since we talk about and see flowers starting to grow this time of year as a sign of spring and discuss the saying “April showers bring May flowers”, I like to do hands-on flower explorations with students as well as teach them the parts of a flower.

Dissecting a Flower to Learn its Parts & Their Functions

I like to do activities that help students transfer what we are learning to the real world, therefore when introducing the parts of a flower I use an actual flower and let the students closely examine each part.

I bring in a flower that I have dug up from the ground so it has its roots.  I introduce and explain each part of the flower and their functions using our word wall cards as a reference.

parts of a flower activity

I keep the explanations simple so my young ones can understand.

Stem : The stem carries the water and food (nutrients and minerals) to the rest of the flower. It travels up the stem to the other parts of the flower.

Flower :  The flowers are the part that are responsible for making food.

Leaf :  The leaves are attached to the stem and help catch sunlight and air for the flower. The leaves have little holes that let out the water that the plant is done using. This makes room for more water to come rushing up through the stem. .

Roots :  The roots grow in the ground and pull in the water and nutrients to the flower.  They also help keep the flower stable.

Petal :  The petals attract insects towards the plant to pollinate them.

I then have the students assist in labeling the parts of the flower.

parts of a flower labeling activity

To check individual comprehension, I upload a photo of the flower (without the label cards) to Pic Collage and set this simple page with the parts of a flower word bank as the background. Students use the text tool to label the parts of the flower using the word bank for assistance.

parts of a flower page using Pic Collage

The next activity is dissecting the flower into its parts.  As I cut apart the flower, the students tell me the part and its function.  Then, I place the parts in a sorting tray in a center with magnifying glasses.  Students visit the center and are able to closely observe, touch, and smell the different parts.

dissecting a flower science activity

After students have observed the different parts of the flower, they use the label cards to label each section. I hold them accountable by having them take a photo and upload it to their Seesaw journals.  Once in Seesaw, they record what they learned about the parts of a flower so I can check their understanding and know if we have to review anything.

parts of a flower activity - flower dissection

The Parts of a Flower Craftivities

I love incorporating crafts into our learning! This craft allows students to create each part of the flower.

To make the flower we paint a paper plate. I let students choose between using washable paint or Dot Painters .

flower craftivity

While the plates are drying, students color or paint soil for the roots along the bottom of a piece of blue paper and either paint a stem and leaves or cut out a stem and leaves from green construction paper.

After the paper plate flowers are dry, students cut petals by cutting from the outside edge in to the inner circle in increments around the plate. Then they fold them up to resemble petals.

flower craft

When doing this with older students I have them cut “Vs” around the plate to create more pronounced flower petals.

parts of a flower craftivity

Next, students glue the flower onto the blue paper. Then they glue on small pieces of white yarn in the soil for roots.

parts of a flower craftivity

I then have students use the labeling cards to show me the parts of their flowers.

parts of a flower craft labeling the parts of a flower

When running short on time (which happens when doing crafts lol), I have students take photos of their flowers, upload it to their Seesaw journals and use the label tool to label the parts of their flower.

flower stem experiment

Parts of a Flower Puzzle Activity

This is a fun activity that students always love! I cut out the parts of a flower from construction paper, place them in a center along with labeling cards.  Students have to put the flower puzzle together and label its parts.

parts of a flower puzzle

Technology has allowed me to hold students accountable by having them upload a photo of their completed puzzles to their Seesaw journals and then record what they know about each part of the flower.

parts of a flower puzzle activity in Seesaw app

How Flowers Drink Experiment

I like doing this experiment every year because it shows students how plants get water from their roots all the way up to their leaves and flower.

I have tried various white flowers over the years, but find that carnations seem to work the best.  Here is how I do the experiment:

Cut the stems of the carnations at an angle about 3-4 inches from the bottom. Florists often advise to cut flowers under running water so that no air bubbles get in to break the stem tubes of water and cause wilting. It’s important that the stem tubes always be filled with water so if you are not starting the experiment right away put the flower stems in plain water or wrap them in a wet paper towel.

Fill each container (water bottles work great!) about half way with water and drop 10-20 drops of food coloring in each bottle.  Place the flowers in the water.

how flowers drink science experiment

We observe the flowers at the end of the school day and can see a little bit of color around the outer edges. However, we really notice color the next morning and even more after 48 hours. The students can’t wait to check them each day!

how flowers drink science experiment

After observing the flowers for several days we discuss the results. I introduce some bigger vocabulary to them when we talk about the science behind the experiment, but I basically just want them to understand that the water travels up the stem to the leaves and all parts of the flower.  Here is a simple explanation:

The Science Behind It:

This experiment demonstrates how plants use capillary action to draw water up their stems. Capillary action is the process in which a liquid, like water, moves up something solid, like the tubes (xylem) in the stem.  The leaves and petals help pull the water up the xylem through transpiration. The leaves and petals have little holes that let out the water that the plant is done using. This makes room for more water to come rushing up through the stem.

I have students record their observations by coloring the carnations on their recording page (I created pages with the carnations already drawn to make it easier for my young students).  Then they write what they learned along the bottom.

how flowers drink recording page

After getting iPads, students were able to take actual photos of the results and upload them to Pic Collage. I love how this teaches them to use technology as a tool to record results, observations, and conclusions!

how flowers drink recording page in Pic Collage

Flower Play Dough Activities

Another favorite activity of students during our flower unit is getting to play with flower scented play dough.  It is simple to make, just add a few drops of flower scented oil such as lavender (which is a calming scent), lilac, rose, etc. to your favorite play dough recipe along with a few drops of food coloring to color it like a flower.

flower play dough

Students can press the flower parts from the dissecting a flower activity into the play dough, use green play dough and white yarn to make the parts of a flower, or use it for math practice.

flower stem experiment

Parts of a Flower Activity Pages

I also use these activity pages to help students learn the parts of a flower and assess their understanding.

parts of a flower page cut and paste

If you would like to use the printables, activities, word wall cards, label cards, play dough recipe, and more with your students they are available in my Plants & Flowers Science Activities resource .  It also includes experiments for plants & seeds, step by step directions with photos for easy set-up, plant journal pages, and more. Click here to see complete details and photos of each activity.

Plants & Flowers Science Activities

Have engaging science experiments and STEM activities throughout the entire school year with this money-saving Science & STEM Bundle !

science & STEM bundle

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Parts of a Flower Activities

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flower stem experiment

Hi! Thanks for stopping by!

I’m Tina and I’ve taught preK and K for 20+ years. I share fun and creative ideas that spark your students’ love for learning. 

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Transpiration Experiment – Colour Changing Flowers

May 7, 2024 By Emma Vanstone 26 Comments

Do you know you can change the colour of white flowers by placing them in a pot of food colouring and water? This easy colour-changing flower science experiment is great for learning about transpiration and transport in plants .

Easy Transpiration Experiment

white carnations with coloured petals. The colour of the petals has changed because food colouring has travelled up the

How to make colour-changing flowers

You’ll need.

White flowers

Food colouring – we’ve found Wilton gel colours work well. Natural food colourings DO NOT work in our experience.

Small jar or vase

white flower with the petals coloured red as part of a transpiration experiment

Transpiration experiment – instructions

Trim the flowers at the stalks.

Fill a vase or jar with water and add a little food colouring.

Place the flowers in the jar and leave for a few hours.

Usually, you will see the flowers change colour within a few hours.

carnation coloured using food colouring to demonstrate transpiration. Easy plant science for kids

Extra Transpiration Challenges

Try carefully splitting a stem in half with a sharp knife ( ask an adult to do this )

Place one half of the stem in one colour water and the other in a different colour. After a few hours, you should have a flower two different coloured petals!

Multicoloured flower - transpiration experiment for kids

What is Transpiration?

The white petals change colour because of something called the transpiration stream . Transpiration is the movement of water up the stem of a plant from root to leaf when water is lost from the plant due to evaporation and diffusion of water from a plant’s surface. Firstly, water is absorbed by the root and moves through root hair cells via the process of osmosis . It then moves into the xylem vessel, which is the tube that carries the water up the stem. Water moves up the xylem vessel by adhesion (being attracted to the side of the vessel) and cohesion (water molecules being attracted to each other).

When water evaporates from the surface of the leaves, the pressure change pulls the column of water upwards to replace the water lost. There’s a constant transpiration stream of water through the plant.

The best way to consider this is to imagine you have a thick milkshake – the straw can’t carry the milkshake up itself, but if you suck from the top, the milkshake is sucked up the straw. It moves in a column because water molecules are attracted to each other.

transpiration diagram showing water being transported up a plant from root to leaves

What affects the speed of transpiration?

The rate of transpiration is affected by environmental factors

Factors affecting transpiration

Transpiration is faster when there’s more sunlight. Stomata ( tiny pores on the surface of a plant ) close when it’s dark as they don’t need to be open when photosynthesis is not happening. Photosynthesis also needs sunlight. When the stomata are closed, water cannot escape from the plant’s surface.

Temperature

Transpiration happens at a faster rate in higher temperatures. In warm weather, water particles evaporate and diffuse through the stomata faster, increasing the transpiration rate.

Air movement around the plant

When airflow around a plant is good, transpiration is faster as the water vapour that has just diffused and evaporated from the leaf is moved away, increasing the concentration gradient between the air and the inside of the leaf. Diffusion is faster when the concentration gradient is more significant.

The effect of increasing airflow on the rate of transpiration can be demonstrated using celery, food colouring, water and a hair dryer!

What food colouring should I use?

We have found that natural food colours don’t work, but these Wilton gel colours work every time.

If you liked this experiment, don’t forget to try my other plant science experiments .

labelled flower diagram made with a dissected flower

Contains Affiliate Links

Different white flowers with brightly coloured petals after being left in food colouring and water for a transpiration demonstration.

Last Updated on September 17, 2024 by Emma Vanstone

Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

Reader Interactions

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September 26, 2011 at 8:55 pm

I did this for my kids this summer. We used daisy’s…it didn’t work. I have done it with carnations before and it worked, but not sure why daisy’s didn’t work!

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October 12, 2011 at 9:13 pm

I think the stem structure can vary somewhat and only certain flowers work effectively. Definitely try carnations next time!

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September 28, 2011 at 8:50 am

Thanks for the tip! I’m going to try this one out!

September 29, 2011 at 6:12 pm

It is great! x

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September 28, 2011 at 1:32 pm

Yet another fabulous experiment to explore with children! I remember always wanting to try this but never getting round to it.. I WILL with my kids! 😉

Thank you for liking to Kids Get Crafty!

Thanks Maggy

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September 30, 2011 at 9:47 pm

You have so many great ideas on your blog. I would love if you would link some of them up to my Weekend Wonders blog hop!

October 12, 2011 at 9:18 pm

Is that a Sat or a Sunday? Can you send us the link, as that would be great! Thanks for stopping by, we are so pleased you like it! 🙂

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October 01, 2011 at 6:52 am

I don’t know of a child that doesn’t find this utterly fascinating! It’s such a great idea! I have to have a go at this with Little One!

Thank you for linking up to #handmadethursday x

October 12, 2011 at 9:19 pm

Thank you kindly! Let us know if you do have a go! 🙂 x

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October 03, 2011 at 9:43 pm

What a great experiment! Will definitely be giving this one a go! Well done girls, another simple but fun experiement my children will love.

Thank you lovely! x

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October 04, 2011 at 11:02 am

I love this experiment – it works really well in the spring as well with Daffodiles we always used to have multi coloured daffs in the house in spring.

October 04, 2011 at 12:33 pm

Thank you! We will definitely have a go with daffodils in the spring.

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October 06, 2011 at 8:42 pm

thanks so much for sharing on Craft Schooling Sunday!

October 12, 2011 at 9:12 pm

Thank you so much. We will stop by. If you have craft posts yourself come and link to our fun sparks on a Thursday! 🙂

October 12, 2011 at 9:17 pm

We are all linked up so thank you! A beautiful sea or turquoise if ever I saw!

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January 02, 2012 at 4:44 pm

I remember doing these as a kid with my grandmother – so fun! Thanks for reminding me to do them with my own kids!

January 02, 2012 at 7:55 pm

oh wow! Thats great. It is a really fab experiment! x

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January 09, 2012 at 9:39 pm

How long does it take for you to see the change in color?

January 09, 2012 at 10:54 pm

Usually by the end of the day!

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March 12, 2012 at 6:28 am

Wondering…If I dye 6 carnations, seperately, a different color each (like the colors of the rainbow), could I then combine them in one vase of plain water after the petals have changed color?

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November 05, 2012 at 1:03 am

Hi I tried this but it didn’t work I used a white flower or should I wait longer.

November 05, 2012 at 8:39 am

Make wait longer, or make your coloured solution stronger. Good luck.

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January 30, 2014 at 9:23 pm

This is really interesting – am sure my boys would really love this.

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April 17, 2018 at 9:56 am

It is a very colourful science topic and also interesting to play around with it

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