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PHP Tutorial

Php advanced, mysql database, php examples, php reference, php operators.

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional assignment operators

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

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PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP increment operators are used to increment a variable's value.

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable's value.

PHP Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

PHP String Operators

PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.

PHP Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions:

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PHP Assignment Operators

In this tutorial, you shall learn about Assignment Operators in PHP, different Assignment Operators available in PHP, their symbols, and how to use them in PHP programs, with examples.

Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators are used to perform to assign a value or modified value to a variable.

Assignment Operators Table

The following table lists out all the assignment operators in PHP programming.

In the following program, we will take values in variables $x and $y , and perform assignment operations on these values using PHP Assignment Operators.

PHP Program

Assignment Operators Tutorials

The following tutorials cover each of the Assignment Operators in PHP in detail with examples.

• PHP Simple Assignment
• PHP Addition Assignment
• PHP Subtraction Assignment
• PHP Multiplication Assignment
• PHP Division Assignment
• PHP Modulus Assignment

In this PHP Tutorial , we learned about all the Assignment Operators in PHP programming, with examples.

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• Language Reference

Assignment Operators

The basic assignment operator is "=". Your first inclination might be to think of this as "equal to". Don't. It really means that the left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right (that is, "gets set to").

The value of an assignment expression is the value assigned. That is, the value of " $a = 3 " is 3. This allows you to do some tricky things: <?php $a = ( $b = 4 ) + 5 ; // $a is equal to 9 now, and $b has been set to 4. ?>

In addition to the basic assignment operator, there are "combined operators" for all of the binary arithmetic , array union and string operators that allow you to use a value in an expression and then set its value to the result of that expression. For example: <?php $a = 3 ; $a += 5 ; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5; $b = "Hello " ; $b .= "There!" ; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!"; ?>

Note that the assignment copies the original variable to the new one (assignment by value), so changes to one will not affect the other. This may also have relevance if you need to copy something like a large array inside a tight loop.

An exception to the usual assignment by value behaviour within PHP occurs with object s, which are assigned by reference. Objects may be explicitly copied via the clone keyword.

Assignment by Reference

Assignment by reference is also supported, using the " $var = &$othervar; " syntax. Assignment by reference means that both variables end up pointing at the same data, and nothing is copied anywhere.

Example #1 Assigning by reference

The new operator returns a reference automatically, as such assigning the result of new by reference is an error.

The above example will output:

More information on references and their potential uses can be found in the References Explained section of the manual.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

Bitwise Assignment Operators

Other Assignment Operators

• arithmetic operators
• bitwise operators
• null coalescing operator

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User contributed notes.

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

Arithmetic Operators

PHP has the following basic arithmetic operators to perform common mathematical operations:

The division operator returns a float unless its operands are integers and the result is a whole number, in which case it returns an integer.

Operands of modulo are converted to integers before calculating. The modulo result will have the same sign as the dividend.

Assignment Operators

The basic assignment operator is = , which takes the right-hand operand and assigns it to the variable that is the left-hand operand. PHP also has a number of additional assignment operators that are shortcuts for longer expressions.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

There is an assignment operator for each arithmetic operator above.

Bitwise Assignment Operators

There is an assignment operator for each bitwise operator (see below).

Bitwise Operators

The bitwise operators manipulate individual bits in an integer.

Comparison Operators

Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

Logical Operators

While and and && , and or and || , have the same meaning, they operate at different precedences. Importantly, && and || have higher precedence than = while and and or do not.

String Operators

Array Operators

When using + with arrays, it returns an array of the right operand appended to the left operand. In cases where there are matching keys in the arrays, the elements from the left operand will be used and the matching elements from the right operand will be discarded.

Type Operators

SomeClass can be a class name, a variable of the given class, or a string containing the class name.

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• Assignment Operators

PHP assignment operators enable you to frequently engage in performing calculations and operations on variables, requiring the assignment of results to other variables. Consequently, this is precisely where assignment operators prove indispensable, allowing you to seamlessly execute an operation and assign the result to a variable within a single statement.

In the following sections, we’ll delve into the different types of PHP assignment operators and explore how to use them.

Table of Contents

Php arithmetic assignment operators, php bitwise assignment operators.

• Null Coalescing Operator

Assigning a Reference to a PHP Variable

Other assignment operators, wrapping up.

The most commonly used assignment operator in PHP is the equals sign (=). For instance, in the following code, the value 10 is assigned to the variable $x:

Now, let’s explore each type with examples:

Numeric data undergoes mathematical operations through the utilization of arithmetic operators. In PHP, this is where arithmetic assignment operators come into play, employed to perform these operations. The arithmetic assignment operators include:

• += or $x + $y (Addition Assignment Operator)
• -= or $x - $y (Subtraction Assignment Operator)
• *= or $x * $y (Multiplication Assignment Operator)
• /= or $x / $y (Division Assignment Operator)
• %= or $x % $y (Modulus Assignment Operator)
• **= or $x ** $y (Exponentiation Assignment Operator)

Consider the following example:

In this example, the addition assignment operator increases the value of $x by 5, and then assigns the result back to $x, producing an output of 15.

You can leverage these arithmetic assignment operators to perform complex calculations in a single statement, making your code more concise and easier to read. For more details, refer to this tutorial .

One crucial aspect of computer science involves the manipulation of binary bits in PHP. Let’s delve into one of the more complex assignment operators—specifically, the PHP bitwise operators.

Developers use bitwise operators to manipulate data at the bit level. PHP bitwise assignment operators perform bitwise operations. Here are the bitwise assignment operators:

• &= or $x & $y (Bitwise AND Assignment Operator)
• |= or $x | $y (Bitwise OR Assignment Operator)
• ^= or $x ^ $y (Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator)
• ~= or $x ~ $y (Bitwise NOT Assignment Operator)
• <<= or $x << $y (Left Shift Assignment Operator)
• >>= or $x >> $y (Right Shift Assignment Operator)

Let’s illustrate with an example:

In this example, a bitwise OR operation is performed between the values of $x and 2 using the bitwise OR assignment operator. The result is then assigned to $x, yielding an output of 7.

Here is a full explanation along with more examples of bitwise operators .

Let’s move to the section below to understand the Null Coalescing Operator in PHP.

Furthermore, developers use the null coalescing operator to assign a default value to a variable if it is null. The double question mark (??) symbolizes the null coalescing operator. Consider the following example:

In this example, the null coalescing operator is used to assign the value ‘John Doe’ to the variable $fullName. If $name is null, the value ‘John Doe’ will be assigned to $fullName.

The null coalescing operator simplifies code by enabling the assignment of default values to variables. By reading this tutorial , you will gain more information about it

Anyway, assigning a reference in PHP is one of the language’s benefits, enabling developers to set a value and refer back to it anywhere during the script-writing process. Let’s move to the section below to take a closer look at this concept.

Furthermore, individuals use the reference assignment operator =& to assign a reference to a variable rather than copying the value of the variable. Consider the following example:

In this example, a reference to the variable $x is created using the reference assignment operator. The value 10 is then assigned to $x, and the output displays the value of $y. Since $y is a reference to $x, it also changes to 10, resulting in an output of 10.

The reference assignment operator proves useful when working with large data sets, enabling you to avoid copying large amounts of data.

Let’s explore some other assignment operators in the paragraphs below.

In addition to the arithmetic, bitwise, null coalescing, and reference assignment operators, PHP provides other assignment operators for specific use cases. These operators are:

• .= (Concatenation Assignment Operator)
• ??= (Null Coalescing Assignment Operator)

Now, let’s explore each of these operators in turn:

Concatenation Assignment Operator: Used to concatenate a string onto the end of another string. For example:

In this example, the concatenation assignment operator appends the value of $string2 to the end of $string1, resulting in the output “Hello World!”.

The Null Coalescing Assignment Operator is employed to assign a default value to a variable when it is detected as null. For example:

In this example, the null coalescing assignment operator assigns the value ‘John Doe’ to the variable $name. If $name is null, the value ‘John Doe’ will be assigned to $name.

Let’s summarize it.

we’ve taken a comprehensive look at the different types of PHP assignment operators and how to use them. Assignment operators are essential tools for any PHP developer, facilitating calculations and operations on variables while assigning results to other variables in a single statement.

Moreover, leveraging assignment operators allows you to make your code more concise, easier to read, and helps in avoiding common programming errors.

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PHP Operators: Understanding the Building Blocks of PHP Programming

As one of the most popular programming languages used on the web, PHP is a powerful tool for creating dynamic and interactive web applications. Whether you’re building a simple contact form or a complex content management system, understanding PHP operators is essential for writing efficient and effective code.

In this article, we’ll explore the different types of PHP operators and how they can be used to manipulate values, make comparisons, and control program flow. By the end of this article, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of the building blocks of PHP programming .

What are Operators?

In programming, operators are special symbols or keywords that are used to perform specific actions on values or variables. In PHP, there are several different types of operators, each with their own set of rules and behaviors.

Operators can be used to perform mathematical operations, such as addition or subtraction, as well as comparison operations, such as checking if one value is equal to another. They can also be used to control program flow, such as executing code only if a certain condition is met.

Types of Operators

In PHP, there are several types of operators, each with its own set of rules and behaviors. Let’s take a closer look at each type.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on values. PHP supports the following arithmetic operators:

• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Multiplication (*)
• Division (/)
• Modulus (%)
• Exponentiation (**)

For example, the following code uses the addition operator to add two numbers:

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. In PHP, the following assignment operators are supported:

• Assignment (=)
• Addition assignment (+=)
• Subtraction assignment (-=)
• Multiplication assignment (*=)
• Division assignment (/=)
• Modulus assignment (%=)

For example, the following code uses the addition assignment operator to add a value to an existing variable:

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare values and determine if they are equal, greater than, or less than each other. PHP supports the following comparison operators:

• Not equal (!=)
• Identical (===)
• Not identical (!==)
• Greater than (>)
• Less than (<)
• Greater than or equal to (>=)
• Less than or equal to (<=)

For example, the following code uses the equal operator to check if two values are equal:

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions and determine if they are true or false. PHP supports the following logical operators:

• And (&&)

For example, the following code uses the and operator to check if two conditions are both true:

Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment and decrement operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one. PHP supports the following increment and decrement operators:

• Increment (++)
• Decrement (–)

For example, the following code uses the increment operator to increase the value of a variable by one:

String Operators

String operators are used to concatenate two or more strings together. In PHP, the concatenation operator is the period (.) symbol. For example, the following code uses the concatenation operator to concatenate two strings:

Array Operators

Array operators are used to manipulate arrays. PHP supports the following array operators:

• Equality (==)
• Identity (===)
• Inequality (!=)
• Non-identity (!==)

For example, the following code uses the union operator to combine two arrays:

Operator Precedence

When multiple operators are used in a single expression, the order in which they are evaluated is determined by their precedence. Operator precedence defines the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression.

For example, in the expression $a + $b * $c , the multiplication operator has a higher precedence than the addition operator. This means that $b * $c is evaluated first, and then the result is added to $a .

It’s important to understand operator precedence when writing complex expressions, as it can affect the outcome of the expression. To ensure that expressions are evaluated in the correct order, you can use parentheses to group sub-expressions.

In PHP programming, operators are essential for manipulating values, making comparisons, and controlling program flow. There are several types of operators in PHP, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, increment and decrement, string, and array operators.

By understanding the different types of operators and their behaviors, you can write more efficient and effective PHP code. It’s important to remember operator precedence when writing complex expressions, and to use parentheses to group sub-expressions to ensure that expressions are evaluated in the correct order.

Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced PHP programmer, understanding operators is a crucial part of building dynamic and interactive web applications. With this comprehensive guide to PHP operators, you’ll have the knowledge you need to take your PHP programming skills to the next level.

📕 Related articles about PHP

• PHP Classes: A Comprehensive Guide for Software Developers
• Understanding PHP Abstract Classes
• Understanding PHP Cookies
• The Ultimate Guide to PHP Directory
• PHP Math: A Comprehensive Guide

Patel is a skilled software developer with a passion for front-end stacks and a specific interest in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. With 3 years of experience in the industry, Patel has developed a deep understanding of front-end web development and is well-versed in the latest industry trends and best practices.

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PHP - Assignment Operators Examples

You can use assignment operators in PHP to assign values to variables. Assignment operators are shorthand notations to perform arithmetic or other operations while assigning a value to a variable. For instance, the "=" operator assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Additionally, there are compound assignment operators like +=, -= , *=, /=, and %= which combine arithmetic operations with assignment. For example, "$x += 5" is a shorthand for "$x = $x + 5", incrementing the value of $x by 5. Assignment operators offer a concise way to update variables based on their current values.

The following table highligts the assignment operators that are supported by PHP −

The following example shows how you can use these assignment operators in PHP −

It will produce the following output −

• ▼PHP Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
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PHP Assignment Operators

Description.

Assignment operators allow writing a value to a variable . The first operand must be a variable and the basic assignment operator is "=". The value of an assignment expression is the final value assigned to the variable. In addition to the regular assignment operator "=", several other assignment operators are composites of an operator followed by an equal sign.

Interestingly all five arithmetic operators have corresponding assignment operators, Here is the list.

The following table discussed more details of the said assignment operators.

View the example in the browser

Previous: Logical Operators Next: Bitwise Operators

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Home » PHP Tutorial » PHP Operators

PHP Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn about PHP operators and how to use them effectively in your script.

An operator takes one or more values, known as operands, and performs a specific operation on them.

For example, the + operator adds two numbers and returns the sum of them.

PHP supports many kinds of operators:

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment operators, bitwise operators, comparison operators.

• Increment/Decrement Operators

Logical Operators

• Concatenating Operators

The arithmetic operators require numeric values. If you apply them to non-numeric values, they’ll convert them to numeric values before carrying the arithmetic operation.

The following are the list of arithmetic operators:

The following example uses the arithmetic operators:

Comparison operators allow you to compare two operands.

A comparison operator returns a Boolean value, either true or false . If the comparison is truthful, the comparison operator returns true , otherwise, it returns false .

The following are the list of comparison operators in PHP:

Logical operators allow you to construct logical expressions. A logical operator returns a Boolean value.

PHP provides the following logical operators:

Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representation of the operands. The following illustrates bitwise operators in PHP:

Incrementing/ Decrementing Operators

Increment (++)  and decrement (–) operators give you a quick way to increase and decrease the value of a variable by 1.

The following table illustrates the increment and decrement operators:

Concatenating Operator

Concatenating operator (.) allows you to combine two strings into one. It appends the second string to the first one and returns the combined string. For example:

Assignment operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable and returns a value. The operand on the left is always a variable, while the operand on the right can be a literal value, variable, expression, or a function call that returns a value. For example:

In the first expression, we assigned $x  variable value 10 .  In the second one, we assigned the value of $x to $y variable. The third one is a little bit complicated. First, we assigned 20 to $x . The assignment operator ( = ) returns 20 and then 20 is assigned to $z  variable.

Besides the basic assignment operator( = ), PHP provides you with some assignment operators:

• plus-equal  +=
• minus-equal  -=
• divide-equal  /=
• multiplication-equal  *=
• modulus-equal  %=
• XOR-equal  ^=
• AND-equal  &=
• OR-equal  |=
• concatenate-equal  .=

PHP operators precedence

The precedence of an operator decides which order the operator is evaluated in an expression.

PHP assigned each operator precedence. Some operators have the same precedence, e.g., precedences of the addition ( + ) and subtraction( - ) are equal.

However, some operators have higher precedence than others.

For example, the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) and the subtract ( - ) operators:

Because the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) operator, PHP evaluates the multiplication operator ( * ) first and then add operator ( * ) second.

To force the evaluation in a particular order, you put the expression inside parentheses () , for example:

In this tutorial, you have briefly learned about the most commonly used PHP operators.

• Language Reference

String Operators

There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.

<?php $a = "Hello " ; $b = $a . "World!" ; // now $b contains "Hello World!" $a = "Hello " ; $a .= "World!" ; // now $a contains "Hello World!" ?>

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PHP Operators

In this article, we will see how to use the operators in PHP, & various available operators along with understanding their implementation through the examples.

Operators are used to performing operations on some values. In other words, we can describe operators as something that takes some values, performs some operation on them, and gives a result. From example, “1 + 2 = 3” in this expression ‘+’ is an operator. It takes two values 1 and 2, performs an addition operation on them to give 3. 

Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations(addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations(AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. These operators are nothing but symbols needed to perform operations of various types. Given below are the various groups of operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Logical or Relational Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Conditional or Ternary Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Spaceship Operators (Introduced in PHP 7)
• Array Operators
• Increment/Decrement Operators
• String Operators

Let us now learn about each of these operators in detail.

Arithmetic Operators: 

The arithmetic operators are used to perform simple mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. Below is the list of arithmetic operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Note : The exponentiation has been introduced in PHP 5.6. 

Example : This example explains the arithmetic operator in PHP.

Logical or Relational Operators:

These are basically used to operate with conditional statements and expressions. Conditional statements are based on conditions. Also, a condition can either be met or cannot be met so the result of a conditional statement can either be true or false. Here are the logical operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the logical & relational operator in PHP.

Comparison Operators: These operators are used to compare two elements and outputs the result in boolean form. Here are the comparison operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the comparison operator in PHP.

Conditional or Ternary Operators :

These operators are used to compare two values and take either of the results simultaneously, depending on whether the outcome is TRUE or FALSE. These are also used as a shorthand notation for if…else statement that we will read in the article on decision making. 

Here, the condition will either evaluate as true or false. If the condition evaluates to True, then value1 will be assigned to the variable $var otherwise value2 will be assigned to it.

Example : This example describes the Conditional or Ternary operators in PHP.

Assignment Operators: These operators are used to assign values to different variables, with or without mid-operations. Here are the assignment operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the operations.

Example : This example describes the assignment operator in PHP.

Array Operators: These operators are used in the case of arrays. Here are the array operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the array operation.

Example : This example describes the array operation in PHP.

Increment/Decrement Operators: These are called the unary operators as they work on single operands. These are used to increment or decrement values.

Example : This example describes the Increment/Decrement operators in PHP. 

String Operators: This operator is used for the concatenation of 2 or more strings using the concatenation operator (‘.’). We can also use the concatenating assignment operator (‘.=’) to append the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side.

Example : This example describes the string operator in PHP.

Spaceship Operators :

PHP 7 has introduced a new kind of operator called spaceship operator. The spaceship operator or combined comparison operator is denoted by “<=>“. These operators are used to compare values but instead of returning the boolean results, it returns integer values. If both the operands are equal, it returns 0. If the right operand is greater, it returns -1. If the left operand is greater, it returns 1. The following table shows how it works in detail:

Example : This example illustrates the use of the spaceship operator in PHP.

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Operators - php basics.

Operators are symbols that instruct the PHP processor to carry out specific actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol instructs PHP to add two variables or values, whereas the greater-than ( > ) symbol instructs PHP to compare two values.

PHP operators are grouped as follows:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional assignment operators

Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used in conjunction with numeric values to perform common arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on.

Sample usage of Arithmetic Operators:

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Sample usage of Assignment Operators:

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

Sample usage of Comparison Operators:

Increment / Decrement Operators

Increment operators are used to increment a variable's value while decrement operators are used to decrement.

Sample usage of Increment / Decrement Operators:

Logical Operators

Logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

Sample usage of Logical Operators:

String Operators

String operators are specifically designed for strings.

Sample usage of String Operators:

Array Operators

Array operators are used to compare arrays.

Conditional Assignment Operators

Conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions.

Sample usage of Conditional Assignment Operators:

Create the following variables: $num1 , $num2 , $num3 . Assign the integer 3 to $num1 and 9 to $num2 . Multiply $num1 by $num2 and assign the product to $num3 . Print the result on $num3

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PHP Operators

In this tutorial you will learn how to manipulate or perform the operations on variables and values using operators in PHP.

What is Operators in PHP

Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor to perform certain actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to add two variables or values, while the greater-than ( > ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to compare two values.

The following lists describe the different operators used in PHP.

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Here's a complete list of PHP's arithmetic operators:

The following example will show you these arithmetic operators in action:

PHP Assignment Operators

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

The following example will show you these assignment operators in action:

PHP Comparison Operators

The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

The following example will show you these comparison operators in action:

PHP Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

The increment/decrement operators are used to increment/decrement a variable's value.

The following example will show you these increment and decrement operators in action:

PHP Logical Operators

The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

The following example will show you these logical operators in action:

PHP String Operators

There are two operators which are specifically designed for strings .

The following example will show you these string operators in action:

PHP Array Operators

The array operators are used to compare arrays:

The following example will show you these array operators in action:

PHP Spaceship Operator PHP 7

PHP 7 introduces a new spaceship operator ( <=> ) which can be used for comparing two expressions. It is also known as combined comparison operator.

The spaceship operator returns 0 if both operands are equal, 1 if the left is greater, and -1 if the right is greater. It basically provides three-way comparison as shown in the following table:

The following example will show you how spaceship operator actually works:

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PHP Operators

Php tutorial index.

PHP operators are characters or sets of characters used to manipulate or perform operations on expressions and values.

Operators allow you to perform arithmetic operations, assign values to variables, string concatenation, compare deals, and perform boolean operations.

Types of Operators in PHP

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Concatenation Operators

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Boolean assignment operators in PHP

I find myself doing this kind of thing somewhat often:

With bitwise operators, you can use the &= and |= shorthand:

Given that bitwise operations on 1 and 0 are functionally equivalent to boolean operations on true and false , we can rely on type-casting and do something like this:

...but that's pretty ugly and defeats the purpose of using a shorthand assignment syntax, since we have to use another statement to get the type back to boolean.

What I'd really like to do is something like this:

...but &&= and ||= are not valid operators, obviously. So, my question is - is there some other sugary syntax or maybe an obscure core function that might serve as a stand-in? With variables as short as $foo , it's not a big deal to just use $foo = $foo && false syntax, but array elements with multiple dimensions, and/or object method calls can make the syntax quite lengthy.

• boolean-logic
• syntactic-sugar

• What is wrong with $foo = $foo && false;? Or is it just curiosity? –  Dany Caissy Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:08
• 2 @DanyCaissy: I explained in the last paragraph. There's nothing wrong with it; it's just that that syntax is redundant, and can get very lengthy (e.g. $some['big']['long']['variable'] = $some['big']['long']['variable'] && $some['other']['boolean']; ). –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:10
• You may want to change your examples. Logically, these will always yield the same result = $foo &= false; and $foo &&= false; for $foo = true . So I'm failing to see the problem/goal. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:19
• 2 @JasonMcCreary: It depends on your definition of "same." As my examples point out, the former yields int(0) and the latter yields bool(false) . So while 0 == false because of implicit type-casting, 0 !== false . –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:50
• This is still relevent 7 years latter with PHP7/8 type enforcement checks. Very easy to accidentally convert from a bool to an int if you use short syntax. –  evo_rob Commented Apr 6, 2021 at 11:26

3 Answers 3

In a way you have answered your own question:

bitwise operations on 1 and 0 are functionally equivalent to boolean operations on true and false

Bearing in mind that PHP is a weakly typed language, so it is not necessary to typecast to and from strict boolean values as 1 and 0 are equivalent to true and false (except strict equality, see below).

Consider the following code, using your examples:

Given PHP's implicit type juggling , falsy values , and with the exception of strict equaltiy , I'm hard pressed to see where such shorthand operations of &&= and ||= would not yield the same result as &= and |= . Especially when evaluating boolean values . It's likely why such shorthands don't exist in PHP.

Some quick benchmarks prove these are indeed equivalent, except for truthy arrays/objects:

• 1 You're correct, but I was actually looking for a solution that didn't change the type (hence why my 3rd example was explicitly type-casting back into a bool ). I have control over both the operands, and they're guaranteed to be bool s, so I'd much rather just use the longer syntax than potentially introduce errors into the code by returning "falsy" values instead of a strict bool like the interface has documented. –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:00
• 1 Fair. Even though PHP is a weakly typed, dynamic language, I support writing such explicit code. My answer is based on that fact that for boolean values (and most other simple types) bitwise operators are equivalent to boolean operators. But if you want to use such a shorthand, you have to give up strict equality checks (or compare to 0/1). In the end, I don't really see the point. Nonetheless, I wanted to provide an answer for future readers. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:24
• Keep in mind, you could always cast it before returning the value. Probably good practice anyway. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:45
• 1 @JasonMcCreary No, boolean and bitwise operators are not equivalent, though their output is. The big difference is, that PHP does not even execute an expression for boolean operates if the outcome makes no difference. So $res = sql_query() OR die(); is not equivalent to $res = sql_query(); $res |= die(); . –  Matteo B. Commented Mar 25, 2015 at 11:45
• 1 @Matmarbon, correct, in these comments I forgot a key qualifier - functionally equivalent. –  Jason McCreary Commented Mar 25, 2015 at 12:57

As Jason mentioned, bitwise operators will work and it will not be necessary to convert the result back to boolean, as PHP will already handle their value as a boolean properly.

If you want an alternative that does not use bitwise operators, for the sake of readability or if you want strict equality, you can use this method :

Which means, you could change this :

It would also work with multiple conditions :

• 2 While helpful, it seems the OP is looking for something native and aware they can write custom code. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:22
• 1 I don't think there is something native that would do it for them, this is why I put this here. I'll remove my answer if I am proven wrong. While I'm sure OP could have came up with this method by himself, future readers that are less experienced might find it useful. –  Dany Caissy Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:23
• Did someone thing to post this to the PHP dev team? –  theking2 Commented Apr 6, 2022 at 12:00
• I did: on github –  theking2 Commented Apr 6, 2022 at 12:09

Right, &&= and ||= operators are indeed missing in PHP because bitwise operators can not be used as a replacement (without casting).

Here is an example you would expect to return true but returns false :

The missing &&= operator would return true because 1 && 10 = true

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The Boston Red Sox designated pitcher Rich Hill for assignment on Friday. Hill, who signed with the team in August, made four relief appearances and had an ERA of 4.91. Noah K. Murray/Associated Press

BOSTON — One of the feel-good stories of the Boston Red Sox season didn’t last long.

Rich Hill, who returned to the team recently at age 44, was designated for assignment Friday. In Hill’s place, the Red Sox added right-hander Luis Guerrero to their active roster.

Hill, who sat out the first half of the season to coach his son’s Little League team, signed a minor league deal with the Red Sox in mid-August and was promoted to the big leagues soon after.

Hill made four appearances with the Red Sox, all in relief, compiling a 4.91 ERA. His last appearance came earlier this week when he entered a game at Citi Field against the New York Mets and issued two walks in 1/3 inning.

Guerrero, 24, had a 3.31 ERA at Worcester while holding batters to a .198 average. He averaged 13.09 strikeouts per nine innings over 42 game for the WooSox. A native of the Dominican Republic, Guerrero moved to Boston as a child. He was a 17th-round pick by the Red Sox in 2021.

It’s unknown whether Hill intends to continue his career. He’s pitched in 20 seasons, compiling a lifetime mark of 90-74 with a 4.01 ERA. Advertisement

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“It’s more about Guerrero than anything else,” said Manager Alex Cora. “With Rich, obviously, tough one. Everybody feels for him, everyone in the organization. He’s going to be a Red Sox for life. But I think it’s smart for us to start getting guys here that can contribute now and obviously in the future.”

Cora noted that Hill struggled with control, with three walks in 3 2/3 innings.

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Aaron Judge hit an RBI double and scored on Austin Wells’ two-run single as New York scored three times in the third inning in its first game at Wrigley Field since 2017. Judge went 1 for 3 with a walk in his 10th straight game without a home run – his longest streak of the season. Advertisement

ROCKIES 3, BREWERS 2: Michael Toglia hit a three-run home run, Ryan Feltner struck out six over six innings of one-run ball at Milwaukee and Colorado won consecutive games for the first time since early August.

Feltner (2-10) held Milwaukee to a pair of hits while walking three for his first victory since April 10. The only blemish came in the third when Jake Bauers walked and scored on a base hit by Joey Ortiz.

ORIOLES 2, RAYS 0: Dean Kremer took a no-hitter into the seventh inning, Gunnar Henderson hit his 36th home run and Baltimore won at home to remain atop the AL East.

Kremer lost his no-hit bid when rookie Junior Caminero led off the seventh with a sharp single to left field. Dylan Carlson then grounded a single to right. After Josh Lowe reached on an error to load the bases with no outs, Kremer was pulled by Manager Brandon Hyde with Baltimore nursing a 2-0 lead.

BRAVES 3, BLUE JAYS 1: Max Fried pitched seven strong innings and Atlanta won at home.

Fried (9-8) had command of the plate all night, striking out eight and allowing just five hits. Toronto’s lone run was unearned, coming in the third inning on an Atlanta error. Advertisement

PHILLIES 16, MARLINS 2: Trea Turner was a triple shy of the cycle, Kyle Schwarber hit his 33rd homer and Bryce Harper had three hits to help Philadelphia win at Miami.

Johan Rojas added three doubles, and Kody Clemens also had three hits for the Phillies.

METS 6, REDS 4: Mark Vientos hit a pair of two-run homers, including a leadoff shot in the 10th inning that sent New York to a win at home for its eighth consecutive victory.

New York is riding its longest winning streak since an eight-game run in August 2019. Vientos also connected in the first inning for the Mets, who remained tied with Atlanta for the last National League wild card.

ROYALS 5, TWINS 0: Cole Ragans scattered four hits in six scoreless innings as the Kansas City won at home and traded places with Minnesota in the AL Central and wild-card standings.

The Royals now hold a half-game lead for second place in the division and the second wild-card spot.

ANGELS 5, RANGERS 1: Italian rookie Sam Aldegheri won for the first time in the major leagues, allowing a run on three hits in six innings for Los Angeles at Arlington, Texas.

Aldegheri (1-1), the first major league pitcher born and raised in Italy, struck out seven and walked three in his second career start. Last Friday night, the 22-year-old left-hander gave up seven runs – two earned – in five innings in a 9-5 loss to Seattle.

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