assignment of title virginia

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How to Transfer a Virginia Vehicle Title?

You will need to visit a Virginia DMV office and file an Application for Certificate of Title and Registration (VSA 17A) while showing proof of ID to transfer your car’s title. This process doesn’t take long if you have documents and payment ready.

Usually, you will receive a temporary vehicle registration card after submitting the application and paying the fee. Your permanent card should arrive in the mail within 10 business days. Be sure to keep your temporary registration until you get your permanent one.

Table of Contents

Title Transfers in Virginia: Step-by-Step

A title transfer is simple, with both parties present and paperwork ready. The transfer should happen within 30 days of the transaction; else,  you may need to pay a late fee. Every vehicle transferred requires a safety (emissions) inspection done at a local VA DMV.

Note : If you need the title, but it’s lost, damaged, or stolen, refer to our title replacement guide before you can begin the title transfer process.

Ready? Let’s begin!

Private Vehicle Title Transfers

The title transfer includes the following if it’s bought or sold through a private sale:

• Valid safety inspection
• Odometer reading
• Bill of sale
• Vehicle Price Certificate (SUT 1) if over 5 years old
• Lienholders: Fil the Transfer of Certificate of Title with Lien (SUT 4)
• File the Application for Certificate of Title and Registration (VSA 17A)
• Proof of ID
• Proof of insurance
• Proof of current VA address
• Pay the $15 title transfer fee
• Pay the 4.15% SUT tax or $75
• Electric Vehicles: $64
• Exemption: Purchaser’s Statement of Tax Exemption (SUT 3)

When you’re ready, Head down to your VA DMV and complete the transaction. Use our VA DMV finder to select an office nearest to you.

Dealer Bought or Leased

Dealerships handle the title and registration most times, though you may choose to submit this information yourself. You will repeat the same process as above once they provide the documents. Follow the vehicle registration guide once you’re at the DMV.

When registering, new vehicles require a Manufacturer’s Certificate of Origin or Statement of Origin. You’ll file the VSA 1A form and provide the rest of your details.

Transferring a Title for Out-of-state Vehicles

Bringing a vehicle from out of state requires it to be titled and registered within 30 days. An emissions test is required before you register the vehicle. You’ll then file the VSA 17A form, provide current VA proof of residency and insurance, and pay fees/taxes as you would in-state.

• Driver’s license or ID
• Auto insurance
• Proof of VA residency
• Vehicle documents
• Out-of-state title or registration
• Emissions/safety certificate
• Proof of sales tax
• Applications
• Title Application (VSA 17A)
• $15 title transfer
• 4.15% tax (if applicable)

These documents are then handed to your DMV rep and processed. You can go ahead and register the vehicle. Congratulations, you’re now registered in VA!

Transferring Title from Gifted and Inherited Vehicles

Gifted vehicles are marked GIFT on the title but require a SUT 3 form if the vehicle goes to a spouse or child. The registration is then done in person at a local DMV. Inherited cars do not need the SUT 3 filed, though will need the title and death certificate when transferring.

Standard fees, documents, and proof of ID, insurance, and title apply.

Substitute titles are available upon request. You will file the VSA 66 form, show documentation, provide the title, and pay the $15 substitution fee. This process also works for changing driver information or removing a lien from the title.

Removing Deceased Owners from Virginia Title

If you and a co-owner had the right of survivorship and the co-owner has passed away, submit the following to DMV to obtain a substitute title in your name only:

• Notarized or Certified Death Certificate along with existing vehicle title
• Substitute Title Fee of $15.00

If you are not a joint owner and do not have the right of survivorship , and there is no appointed executor or administrator to the estate, you will need to submit the following to the DMV:

• Death Certificate (Notarized and Certificate)
• Existing Title
• $15 Substitute Title Fee
• Notarized Copy of Will

Virginia Title Fees and Taxes

Typical fees include:

• Title Transfer: $15
• Replacement Title: $15
• Substitute Title: $15

…plus, applicable county and state taxes. Refer to the VA’s DMV site for additional information about applicable fees. Or, give your local office a call.

How to Replace a VA Title?

If a vehicle’s title is lost, damaged, or unreadable, replacement titles can be issued.

• Apply for a VA replacement title.
• To proceed with transferring and supplementing liens, you must fill out an “Application for Transfer and Supplemental Liens” (VSA 66) or an “Application for Replacement and Substitute Titles” (VSA 67).
• A copy of the will and a completed “Authority to Transfer Virginia Title Certification.”
• A court-issued document  or  copy of the will appointing the executor or administrator.
• Proof of legal heir (VSA 24)
• An affidavit indicating that the estate of the deceased is eligible for small estate laws, which currently only apply if the estate is valued at less than $50,000.
• If you are a joint owner with the right of survivorship and your co-owner is deceased, you may apply for a substitute title to remove the deceased owner’s name without applying for a replacement title.
• Pay the Virginia title replacement fee.

Need to Register Something Else?

Thinking about riding a motorcycle? What about boating? Read our Other Vehicle Registration Guide for more details.

That about covers it! Now you know how to complete a vehicle title transfer in Virginia. Be sure to have your documents ready, pay applicable fees, and follow the process outlined by the DMV. Remember, if you need help, don’t hesitate to contact your local VA DMV office for assistance. Good luck!

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Virginia DMV Vehicle Title Transfer Guide

In the state of Virginia, there are different situations when you will need to transfer the ownership of a vehicle by transferring the vehicle’s title. In order to successfully transfer the title of a vehicle in Virginia, you will need different documents and payment(s) for the vehicle title transfer fee. You will also need to:

• Fill in the vehicle buyer and seller information on the vehicle title, including the vehicle’s sales price
• Present the vehicle title, proof of address, and other relevant documents to the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (VA DMV)
• Pay the vehicle title transfer fee and sales tax

Keep in mind, you may be required to submit additional documents and payments at the time of the vehicle title transfer.

Smog Certification/Vehicle Inspection

In the state of Virginia, all registered vehicles are required to pass a safety inspection. In eligible counties in Virginia, most gas-powered and diesel-powered vehicles are required to pass a vehicle emissions test.

Vehicles in this state must pass a smog check when the owner is obtaining their original vehicle registration, and again every two years during the vehicle registration renewal process.

New residents of Virginia must follow the same requirements for their vehicle(s) unless their vehicle has already passed a safety and vehicle emissions test in a state with reciprocal testing standards with Virginia.

Virginia Emissions and Smog Check Requirements

As a resident of Virginia, if you have a non-exempt vehicle registered in one of the following cities and/or counties, you are required to have your vehicle pass a Virginia smog check:

• Prince William
• Falls Church
• Manassas Park

Vehicles that are registered in one of the above Virginia counties or cities, and fall into one of the following categories, are required to pass a smog check before obtaining a Virginia vehicle registration and a renewal every 2 years after that:

• Gasoline-powered passenger and property-carrying vehicles made in a model year that is less than 25 years old as of January 1st of the present year, and weighing less than 10,000 lbs
• Diesel passenger and property-carrying vehicles made in the 1997 model year or newer and exceed a weight of 8,500 lbs

All non-exempt vehicles in Virginia must also complete a safety inspection every year.

Smog Check Exemptions in Virginia

If a vehicle falls into one of the following categories, it is exempt and does not need to pass a smog check in order to obtain a Virginia vehicle registration:

• New vehicles with a manufacturer’s certificate of origin getting titled for the first time
• Gasoline vehicles that are older than 25 years, regardless if they possess an antique registration
• Gasoline-powered vehicles that exceed 10,000 lbs
• Diesel-powered vehicles made before the 1997 model year and exceed, 8500 lbs
• Clean fuel vehicles (Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Electric, and Solar)
• Some hybrid vehicles (Gasoline Hybrids are not exempt)
• Motorcycles

Also, vehicles that fall into one of the following categories are not required to pass a Virginia vehicle safety inspection:

• Vehicles registered as antique vehicles and made at least 25 years ago
• Trailers that do not have brakes and with a gross weight of fewer than 3000 lbs (Trailers with brakes must pass a safety inspection)

How to Transfer Your Vehicle Title in Virginia?

Whether you decide to sell your vehicle or purchase a vehicle in Virginia, the ownership of the vehicle will need to be transferred. In order to transfer ownership of a Virginia vehicle, you need to transfer the vehicle’s title.

Transferring a Vehicle’s Title As a New Resident of Virginia

As a new resident of Virginia, you are required to transfer your out-of-state vehicle with the VA DMV within 30 days of establishing residency in the state. Before you can complete the vehicle title transfer in VA, your vehicle must pass a VA vehicle safety inspection.

In order to successfully complete a vehicle title transfer, you need to appear in person at your local VA DMV office with:

• The Application for Certificate of Title and Registration ( Form VSA 17A )
• A pay stub dated within the last 2 months
• A utility bill dated within the last 2 months
• A bank statement dated within the last 2 months
• The out-of-state vehicle title or vehicle registration card
• Proof of the purchase price if you purchase the vehicle within the last 12 months
• Proof of paid sales tax in a different state if you purchased the vehicle in the last 12 months
• Payment for the VA vehicle title transfer fee of $15

You have the option of an electronic or paper vehicle title. If you choose an electronic vehicle title, you can order a paper vehicle title from the VA DMV if you ever need one. Once the VA vehicle title transfer is complete, you can register your vehicle.

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle Purchased From a Private Seller

If you purchased a vehicle from a private seller, the vehicle buyer and seller are both responsible for completing a vehicle title transfer with the VA DMV.

As the seller of the vehicle, in Virginia, you are responsible for providing the vehicle’s buyer with the following:

• A valid vehicle safety inspection sticker
• The VA vehicle title with the Assignment of Title By Owner section completed, including the odometer reading
• A generic bill of sale
• The purchase price listed on the vehicle title or the Vehicle Price Certification ( Form SUT 1 ) Only required if the vehicle is over 5 years old
• The Transfer of Certificate of Title with Lien ( Form SUT 4 ) from the lien holder if the vehicle’s buyer is taking over your lien on the vehicle

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle Purchased From a Dealership

When you purchase a vehicle from a Virginia dealership, the dealer usually handles the vehicle title and registration paperwork on your behalf. If the dealership does not handle the necessary paperwork on your behalf, you need to obtain the necessary paperwork from the dealer and complete the VA DMV title transfer on your own.

Be advised, you need to ensure the vehicle you purchase has a valid safety inspection sticker before you title and register it. In most instances, the dealer will provide the safety sticker.

For used vehicles in Virginia, you will title and register the vehicle in person at your local VA DMV office.

If you purchased a new vehicle from a dealership, you can title and register the vehicle in person at your VA DMV office. You will need the Manufacturer’s Certificate of Origin (MCO) or Manufacturer’s Statement of Origin (MSO) from the vehicle dealer.

You are also responsible for submitting:

• Proof of your Virginia address
• Payment for the VA vehicle titling fees (vehicle title transfer fee: $15. Tax: 4.15% of the sale price or $75 – whichever is higher)

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle You’re Selling in Virginia

When you’re selling a vehicle in Virginia, you are responsible for giving the vehicle’s buyer:

• The VA vehicle title with the Assignment of Title by Owner section completed, including the odometer reading
• Proof of the vehicle’s sales price, such as a generic bill of sale, the purchase price listed on the vehicle title or the Vehicle Price Certification ( Form SUT 1) This form is only required if the vehicle is over 5 years old
• The Transfer of Certificate of Title with Lien ( Form SUT 4 ) from the lien holder only if the buyer is taking over your lien on the vehicle

How to Transfer a Vehicle Title When the Owner is Deceased?

You must transfer a vehicle’s title when the owner is deceased if you want to keep the vehicle, gift the vehicle to a family member or sell it to someone. You can be the surviving spouse, beneficiary, or joint-owner and obtain the legal authority to transfer the vehicle’s title to someone else when the owner passes away. The steps you are required to take depend on if the vehicle is part of a probated estate.

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle in a Probated Estate

When the owner of a vehicle passes away, the process you follow for transferring the vehicle title will vary depending on whether the vehicle was in the individual’s name as a descendant or joint ownership. If the vehicle’s title was solely in the descendant’s name, you need to determine if the estate is being probated.

Probate occurs when there is no beneficiary or living spouse provided in the will. This legal process administers the estate of the deceased individual. Probate validates the deceased individual’s property and assets and proves that the last will and testament are legitimate. During this legal process, the deceased individual’s property will be distributed according to their will.

If the vehicle is part of a probated estate, you must follow these steps to transfer the vehicle title:

Contact Probate Court or an Attorney

The executor or administrator of the deceased needs to contact the Probate Court or an attorney immediately because the vehicle title transfer can’t take place until the probate process is completed. Once the probate process is complete, the heir will receive the vehicle, unless the executor was given the vehicle. If the executor was given the vehicle, they can choose to sell it.

Gather the Necessary Documents

The documents that are required to transfer the vehicle title of a deceased owner varies by state, but in Virginia, you must obtain all the following documents in order to transfer the vehicle’s title:

• Death certificate
• Order from Probate Court to transfer the vehicle’s title
• Certificate of the vehicle title
• Odometer disclosure statement
• Transfer fee

Visit the Title Office

As the beneficiary of the vehicle or the administrator of the deceased’s estate, you can visit your local VA title office with the above-listed documents to start the vehicle title transfer process.

How to Transfer a Car Title Without Probate

The process you will follow to transfer the title of a vehicle without probate will vary depending on the state in which you live. In the state of Virginia, the deceased individual’s property can’t exceed a certain amount and a specific amount of time needs to have passed since the individual passed away before the vehicle title transfer process can be initiated.

If you are listed as the beneficiary, joint-owner, administrator, or spouse, you may only be required to take the death certificate and the vehicle’s title to your local VA title office and have them retitle the vehicle’s title. Court orders and attorneys are not required.

Transferring the Title of an Inherited Vehicle in Virginia

In the state of Virginia, the process for transferring the title of an inherited vehicle will differ depending on how the vehicle is titled. Keep in mind, you don’t have to pay sales and use tax (SUT) if you are the heir or spouse of the deceased.

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle When Inheriting a Vehicle Through Joint Ownership

If you are the joint owner of a vehicle with the person who is deceased, you are allowed to transfer the vehicle’s title if your names are linked with “or”, or the names on the vehicle title are followed by “or survivor”.

You must submit the following documents and payment(s) in person at your local VA DMV office to apply for a vehicle title transfer and vehicle registration:

• The death certificate (must be certified or notarized) The VA DMV can request a copy of the death certificate from the Office of Vital Records (if required)
• The vehicle’s title (If the title of the vehicle is missing or illegible, you are required to complete an Application for Supplemental and Transfer Liens or Replacement and Substitute Titles ( Form VSA 66 ) to request a substitute vehicle title.)
• Payment for all applicable fees (vehicle title transfer fee: $15 and all applicable vehicle registration fees)

Transferring the Title of a Vehicle Inherited from a Will or as Legal Heir

If you are listed as the legal heir and/or inherit a vehicle from a will, you need to submit the following vehicle title transfer documents in person at your local VA DMV office:

• A certified or notarized copy of the death certificate
• The vehicle title
• Proof of your VA address
• Virginia Vehicle title transfer fee of $15

Be advised, you will also need the appropriate inheritance documents:

• If there is an executor or administrator, you need to provide either the court document that names the executor or administrator or the will naming the executor or administrator.
• If there is no executor or administrator, you need to provide either the Certification of Authority to Transfer Virginia Title ( Form VSA 24 ) with or without a copy of the will or an affidavit stating the estate is covered by Virginia small estate laws.

How to Transfer Ownership of a Vehicle Without a Title in Virginia?

In the state of Virginia, you must have a vehicle title to transfer ownership of a vehicle. If you have lost or damaged the vehicle’s title, you must apply for a duplicate vehicle title ( Form VSA 67 ).

Can I Gift a Car to a Family Member?

The good news is, you are able to gift a vehicle to a family member with the proper documentation. If you received a vehicle as a gift, or the vehicle is being transferred from a relative, you must complete a vehicle title transfer at your local VA DMV office. The process for transferring the vehicle title of a gifted vehicle is similar to the steps you need to take when you are buying or selling a vehicle in Virginia.

There are multiple sections listed on the vehicle’s title. In the “price” section of the vehicle’s title, write “0”. The individual receiving the vehicle may be exempt from paying taxes on the vehicle. Just as you would with a private vehicle sale, you must fill out the transfer of ownership sections on the back of the original vehicle title.

Even if the vehicle is being gifted to a family member, they may owe a tax on the current market value of the vehicle when they attempt to register the vehicle. Make sure you take the signed original vehicle title to the VA city clerk to have the application for a new vehicle title completed.

Transferring a Vehicle Title When You Have an Out-of-State Title

When you are transferring the title of an out-of-state vehicle in Virginia, you are required to meet a variety of requirements. The following out-of-state vehicle title transfer paperwork is required to correctly transfer the title from one state to Virginia:

• The original out-of-state vehicle title
• A completed application for a certificate of ownership
• A completed Virginia vehicle registration application
• Proof of a valid VA vehicle insurance policy
• Proof of identification (ex. A valid driver’s license)

If a lien holder is in possession of your vehicle title, you need to fill out an application for the release of the title, which will be sent to the VA DMV. Keep in mind, you may be required to submit additional information.

Requesting a Duplicate Vehicle Title in Virginia

If you have lost or damaged your original VA vehicle title, you can apply for a duplicate VA vehicle title (Form VSA 66) online or in person at your local VA DMV office.

If you are applying for your replacement VA vehicle title online, you must provide:

• Customer number (located on your driver’s license or ID card)
• Date of birth
• Payment for the VA vehicle title replacement fee of $15

If you are applying for your duplicate VA vehicle title in person, you need to visit a customer care center and bring:

• A completed Application for Supplemental and Transfer Liens or Replacement and Substitute Titles ( Form VSA 66 ) or a completed Application for Replacement and Substitute Title ( Form VSA 67 ) You will need to provide your social security number and all relevant lien information, as well as details regarding the vehicle.
• Your vehicle registration certificate and your license or photo ID
• Supporting documentation, such as a will or court order (only required if you are changing the vehicle title of an inherited vehicle)
• Payment for the VA replacement vehicle title fee of $15

Be advised, if your vehicle has a lien, the replacement vehicle title will be sent to the lien holder. If there is no lien on the vehicle, the replacement VA vehicle title will be given to you. A replacement vehicle title invalidates the original vehicle title.

Transferring a Vehicle Title With a Lien

Congratulations! You paid off the loan on your vehicle. Once you pay off your vehicle loan, the lien holder will send you either the vehicle title if there are no other liens or proof of lien release if there is another lien on the vehicle.

To obtain a clean vehicle title with the lien removed, you need to submit:

• The Application for Supplemental and Transfer Liens or Replacement and Substitute Title ( Form VSA 66 )
• The vehicle title or lien release
• Payment for the substitute VA vehicle title of $15

You can apply for a substitute VA vehicle title by mailing the form to the address provided on the form or in person at your local VA DMV office.

How Much Does a Title Transfer Cost in Virginia?

There are different fees associated with vehicle title transfer costs in Virginia. The VA DMV charges the following fees for vehicle title transfers and other vehicle title transactions:

• Vehicle title transfer fee (buying and selling a vehicle): $15
• New VA vehicle title fee: $15
• Substitute vehicle title fee (name change, address change, or lien removal): $15
• Replacement vehicle title fee: $15
• All applicable registration fees

Where Can I Go to Transfer a Vehicle Title in Virginia?

There are different DMV locations in Virginia where you can transfer a vehicle’s title.

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Alexandria Office) 6306 Grovedale Dr. Alexandria, VA 22310

Monday-Friday (8 AM to 5 PM) Saturday and Sunday (Closed)

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Harrisonburg Office) 3281 Peoples Dr. Harrisonburg, VA 22801

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Chesterfield Office) 610 Johnston Willis Dr. Richmond, VA 23236 (804) 497-7100

Monday-Friday (8 AM to 5 PM) Saturday (8 AM to 12 PM) Sunday (Closed)

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Hampton Office) 1 Franklin St. Ste 100 (804) 497-7100

Monday-Friday (8:30 AM to 4 PM) Saturday and Sunday (Closed)

How to Fill Out the Virginia Title and Title Transfer Forms

In order to ensure you complete the Virginia vehicle title and title transfer forms, you need to make sure you have the required signatures of the vehicle’s seller and buyer in the designated areas on the vehicle title. You also need to complete a bill of sale that provides information pertaining to the vehicle, such as its make, year, model, and color and don’t forget to include the vehicle’s VIN.

If you sold a vehicle instead of gifting the vehicle, the correct sales tax needs to be added to the vehicle’s total price. In the “transfer of title by seller” section of the vehicle title, provide an accurate odometer reading, and make sure the recipient of the vehicle signs the vehicle’s title in the designated spaces.

Keep in mind, that you may be requested to provide additional documentation, including a valid Virginia vehicle insurance policy that meets or exceeds the minimum coverage limits set by the state of Virginia. You may also be required to provide a valid government-issued photo ID or a foreign passport for proof of identification.

My Vehicle Title Was Signed But Never Transferred. What Do I Do?

When a Virginia vehicle’s title is signed but not transferred, the vehicle has an open title. Also, with an open vehicle title, the vehicle’s seller didn’t transfer ownership of or register the vehicle in their name.

Since the vehicle seller’s name is not on the VA vehicle title, they do not assume any legal responsibility for anything associated with the vehicle, such as taxes and other fees.

If the vehicle’s seller has lost the title, they can apply for a duplicate VA vehicle title ( Form VSA 67 ) and sign it over to you for you to put in your name. Be advised, the individual who is listed on the vehicle’s title is responsible for requesting a duplicate vehicle title.

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How to Sign an Assignment of Title by a Registered Owner

When you're ready to sell a car, sign the Assignment of Title by Registered Owner to get the buyer on his way to transferring the title into his name. Most states require the Assignment of Title -- which can be found on the back of your personal title -- as proof that the sale is legitimate. Signing the Assignment of Title by Registered Owner should take mere minutes. Once it's gone, your vehicle is as good as registered to someone else.

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Flip over your car title to find the Assignment of Title by Owner.

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Print your name, the date you're selling the vehicle and the price of the sale.

Fill in the odometer reading, if necessary. In Tennessee, for example, an odometer reading is only required on vehicles newer than 10 years.

Sign your name as the seller, where indicated.

Give the form to the buyer. She should fill out her name and address and then sign as the buyer.

Bring the Assignment of Title by Registered Owner to the office that issues new motor vehicle titles. In Virginia, for example, it's the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles.

This is How to Sign or Transfer Your Title in Virginia

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How to Sign Your Title in Virginia (VA)

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• Front of the title bottom half - sign name(s) on the line where it reads "Signature(s) of Seller(s)."
• Front of the title right next to where you signed name(s) - print name(s) on the line where it reads "Printed Name of Seller(s)."

Multiple Owners

All owners listed on the front of title must sign the title.

Lien or Bank Name on Title

If your Virginia title shows a lien or a bank name printed on the front, then your title will need to be signed off by the lien holder or have a separate lien release letter.

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Ultimate Guide to Transferring Your Vehicle Title at the Virginia DMV

January 03, 2021 • 2 min read

VIRGINIA TITLE TRANSFER

Here's the ultimate guide to transferring your vehicle title at the Virginia DMV. We've simplified the entire process to save you time.

What You’ll Need to Transfer your Vehicle Title in Virginia

For in-state vehicles or trailers, you will need:.

• Virginia title with the "Assignment of Title by Owner" and "Application for New Owner Certificate of Title and Registration"
• If titling with an MCO or MSO, complete an Application for Title and Registration ( VSA 17A )
• Proof of address
• Proof of purchase price, such as a buyer's order, bill of sale, or the seller's declared sale price on the title. The bill of sale can be a handwritten statement signed by the seller and purchaser or a Vehicle Price Certification (Bill of Sale) ( SUT 1 ) signed by the seller or purchaser.
• $15 titling fee
• Motor vehicle sales and use tax

For out-of-state vehicles or trailers, you will need:

• Completed Application for Title and Registration ( VSA 17A )
• Title or registration card from your previous state of residence or a branch of the United States Armed Forces with your name appearing as owner, OR previous owner's out-of-state title signed over to you.
• Proof of purchase price if you purchased the vehicle within the preceding 12 months. The proof of purchase may be a buyer's order, bill of sale, or the seller's declared sale price on the title.

For out-of-state trailers with no title:

• A registration card that is either unexpired or expired for less than one year
• A Manufacturer’s Certificate of Origin, if available
• A completed "Application for Certificate of Title and Registration" ( VSA 17A )
• A completed, signed and notarized "Application in Lieu of Title Certificate" ( VSA 12 ). Indicate why the title is not available, describe the efforts made to obtain a certificate of title, and provide all supporting documentation to provide a trail of ownership.
• If the trailer was recently purchased, a completed and signed Vehicle Price Certification (Bill of Sale) ( SUT 1 )

For imported vehicles:

• Refer to Titling an Imported Vehicle in Virginia for any vehicle brought into the United States from any foreign country, including Canadian vehicles and US manufactured vehicles that are manufactured for export and subsequently imported.

What You’ll Need to Do to Transfer your Vehicle Title in Virginia

• Visit the DMV near your area. Consider making a DMV appointment or getting a line waiting concierge .
• Submit the documents
• Pay the fees
• Record the odometer reading
• Select electronic or paper title

NOTE: Instead of receiving the title in paper form, you may request that DMV retain an electronic record of the title to ensure the safety of your title. If you have selected the electronic option, you may visit any customer service center and request a paper title if you require one. You will be required to show proof that you are the registered owner.

If you are unable to visit a customer service center , you may request in writing or online to have a paper title sent to you. The paper title will be mailed to your address on record with DMV, providing there are no held or stop conditions on the record. Send your written request and payment (if applicable) to:

• Virginia DMV
• Attn: Titling Work Center
• PO Box 27412
• Richmond, VA 23269

Need more Virginia DMV help?

Search the Skip blog or download the free Skip app on the App Store or Google Play . On the app, you can find more help, book services, and even ask our team questions via chat.

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We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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Predicting Every Game on WVU Football's 2024 Schedule (Projected Bowl Included)

Schuyler callihan | 12 hours ago.

• West Virginia Mountaineers

The dog days of summer are just about over, thankfully. Here soon, you'll be able to take a break from playing your College Football 25 dynasty to watch the real deal West Virginia Mountaineers in live action when they host top-10 Penn State on August 31st.

How will this year go for Neal Brown and co.? Here is my annual game-by-game prediction for the upcoming season.

8/31 vs. Penn State - Loss (0-1)

Believe it or not, I went back and forth on this one. On paper, it's easy to see the difference between the two rosters and think Penn State has this game in the bag. But there's something about kicking the season off in Morgantown with a big-time opponent that has me believing West Virginia will keep it a tight game throughout. I'd be the least bit surprised if WVU finds a way to win, but I'm going with my gut.

9/7 vs. Albany - Win (1-1)

After winning five games combined in 2021-22, Albany turned things around in a big way last year. The Great Danes won 11 games and made it to the semifinals of the FCS playoffs. This is a much better team than most think. West Virginia shouldn't sweat this one, but Albany will show up ready to play.

9/14 at Pitt - Win (2-1)

The Panthers lost so much talent off of last year's team, a group that managed to only win three games. In some instances you would think that may be a good thing. But not with the guys they lost in the portal. There are glaring holes all over this roster and unless West Virginia just comes out flat, Pitt should lose this game by at least two scores.

9/21 vs. Kansas - Win (3-1, 1-0)

What a way to start Big 12 play, huh? Two years ago, WVU opened up league play with a home game against Kansas the week after losing to Pitt in the Backyard Brawl. The set up of the schedule can give you that nauseating feeling from those two weeks in 2022, but take a deep breath. Things are different. Kansas QB Jalon Daniels is a special player, as is running back Devin Neal. The Jayhawks have the talent to win a bunch of games this season thanks to a favorable schedule, but they'll drop what is likely viewed as their toughest road game of the year.

10/5 at Oklahoma State - Loss (3-2, 1-1)

For a second, it looked like West Virginia was on their way to picking up their second straight win over Oklahoma State. And then the botched punt return happened. The Mountaineers have had so many bad breaks in this series and have not fared well when meeting in Stillwater. Ollie Gordon ran rampant on Jordan Lesley's defense last season and I'd say there's a good chance history repeats itself. The Pokes are more experienced and are equipped to make a run at the conference crown.

10/12 vs. Iowa State - Win (4-2, 2-1)

This is going to be a really good football game. It has a low-scoring, slug it out type of feel to it. Soon-to-be WVU Hall of Famer Anthony Becht will be in town to watch his son, Rocco, quarterback the Cyclones. I'm interested to see what his gameday attire will be on this particular Saturday, along with his rooting interests. West Virginia grounds and pounds their way to victory in a hard-fought battle.

10/19 vs. Kansas State - Loss (4-3, 2-2)

I went with WVU initially. But after thinking about it some more, I flipped my decision to K-State. WVU is going to be coming off a physical game against Iowa State and could be starting to feel the effects of the early portion of the Big 12 schedule. Plus, Kansas State is going to be a team right in the thick of it once again with presumably an upgrade at quarterback in Avery Johnson. Splitting this two-game homestand is not the end of the world, considering the opponents.

10/26 at Arizona - Loss (4-4, 2-3)

This is another 50/50 one, if I'm being honest. For months, I've considered this a loss for the Mighty Mountaineers. I'm still leaning that way, but this one is probably more winnable than you and I believe. The Wildcats have a phenomenal QB-WR connection in Noah Fifita and Tetairoa McMillan, but they can't just lean on those two throughout the entire season. This feels like a back and forth, high-scoring, "old-fashioned" Big 12 shootout. In that case, I'll give the slight edge to the home team.

11/9 at Cincinnati - Win (5-4, 3-3)

I know what you're thinking, oh boy, the wheels are starting to fall off. R-E-L-A-X, as the great Aaron Rodgers once said. Assuming the teams I predict WVU to lose to are as good as advertised, it's not like you're underperforming. And as I mentioned in a couple of those losses, there's a chance I'm wrong and things look a lot different at this point in the season. Oh yeah, back to Cincinnati. Uh, yeah...no sweat here. Chalk it up as a W. The Bearcats will likely finish in the bottom three of the league.

11/16 vs. Baylor - Win (6-4, 4-3)

Dave Aranda's Bears should be slightly improved in 2024, but not to the point where they're going to waltz into Milan Puskar Stadium and pick up a win. I expect this to be a statement game of sorts for WVU, proving that although the record isn't exactly what they had hoped for, they have their minds on finishing the season out strong.

11/23 vs. UCF - Win (7-4, 5-3)

Everyone is hopping on the preseason UCF bandwagon. Why? I don't know. Probably because they landed former Arkansas QB KJ Jefferson out of the portal and return some key guys at the skill positions. Big whoop. Okay, maybe that's a little harsh, but I'm just not sold on the Knights being a legitimate contender in 2024. And do you really think Garrett Greene is going to lose the final home game of his career? I don't think so.

11/30 at Texas Tech - Win 8-4 (6-3)

Texas Tech is in a weird spot. The expectation was that Joey McGuire would have this thing turned around by now, but injuries played a big hand in messing up their 2023 campaign. Aside from running back Tahj Brooks, there's not much to like about this group. Playing in Lubbock is never fun, but for an average team that may not make a bowl game, it shouldn't be too rowdy of a crowd. West Virginia wins its fourth straight to end the season, finishing in the top five of the Big 12 Conference for the second consecutive year.

TaxAct Texas Bowl vs. Missouri - Win (9-4)

Honestly, I'm hoping to see West Virginia make it to the Pop-Tarts Bowl because Neal Brown deserves the opportunity to eat a massive Pop Tart after taking the Mayo plunge a year ago. Instead, I think with this record, they land in the TaxAct Texas Bowl with a middle of the pack SEC team in Missouri. Brown has been successful in bowl games throughout his career and will close out the season with a fifth straight win.

Final thoughts

I get a lot of folks won't be happy with another nine-win season, expecting bigger things such as an appearance in the Big 12 championship or College Football Playoff. But the reality is, winning nine games with this schedule is way more impressive than the nine Ws they picked up a year ago. This type of season doesn't mean West Virginia won't ever make it to those desired destinations under Neal Brown, it just takes time. If things go as I predicted (it won't), it'll be a big step toward getting West Virginia back on the map. This is still a fairly young team and don't forget, Nicco Marchiol is waiting in the wings and can help the Mountaineers in their continued climb.

MORE STORIES FROM WEST VIRGINIA ON SI

Preseason Big 12 Power Rankings + Record Predictions

Between The Eers: Playoffs or Bust for WVU?

There's No Easing Into it for WVU: 'August 31st, We Better Be Ready'

How Zach Frazier & Beanie Bishop Did in Their NFL Debut with the Steelers

SCHUYLER CALLIHAN

Publisher of Mountaineers Now on FanNation/Sports Illustrated. Lead recruiting expert and co-host of Between the Eers, Walk Thru GameDay Show, Mountaineers Now Postgame Show, and In the Gun Podcast.

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