education in pakistan essay

Essay On Education System Of Pakistan 2023 (200 & 500 Words) For Students

The education system in Pakistan is a complex and multifaceted system that has been shaped by a variety of factors, including the country’s colonial history, its political instability, and its economic challenges.

The education system in Pakistan is divided into two main sectors: the public sector and the private sector. The public sector is responsible for providing education to the majority of students in Pakistan, while the private sector caters to a smaller but growing number of students.

Essay on Education System in Pakistan – 200 Words

Education is the primary need for the development of humanity. Education shows us what we should do and how we should do it. The power of education can be used to change the world.

Education is the only key to success. Behind every successful man, there is education. Education is the only issue that has the power to bring people together. Education is the most challenging job in human life and also the most crucial cause. Education can lift a country from poverty to prosperity. The education system is complex. It consists of multiple factors that need to be appropriately aligned.

The government plays a vital role in the education system of the nation. The government takes responsibility for making policies for the betterment of the education sector. Pakistan’s education system, while a disgrace, urgently needs improvement.

Even after 70 years of independence, the government has failed to introduce a single education system. The education system is divided into six categories, which have relied on a flawed social engineering policy. It’s time to re-consider it.

There are six categories of education, which are:

• Pre-Primary schools (Beginning Classes)
• Primary schools (class I-V)
• Middle schools (class VI-VIII)
• Secondary schools (class IX-X)
• Higher secondary schools ( class XI-XII)
• University level ( Graduation/ Masters)

Essay on Education System in Pakistan – 500 Words

My topic for the essay is the education system in Pakistan. It is essential because around 3 million students are studying in different country areas, which makes possible 6% of the population. There are many problems and shortcomings that can be solved by both the Pakistani government and the people.

The Pakistani education system is one of the oldest in the world. They boast of having one of the most extensive and effective curricula in all of Asia. However, there are several flaws within the student system that need to be fixed.

Helping to reduce the extreme economic burden on parents, Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan provides that all children receive free and compulsory education between the ages of five and sixteen. The article has been revised to include this provision.

Literacy rates in Pakistan differ significantly from district to district. In Islamabad, the literacy rate is 96%, while in Kohlu, it’s a mere 28%.

We need to recognize the importance of literacy and encourage people to read. The younger generation can learn from books with the example of citizenship, honesty, work ethic, and kindness.

The age range of people has a massive effect on their literacy rate. People between the ages of 55 and 64 have a literacy rate of 38%. Shouldn’t it be more?

Among American adults aged 45-54, only 46% have a high school diploma or equivalent. Meanwhile, 57% of Americans age 25-34 and 72% of Americans age 15-24 possess a high school diploma or equivalent.

It’s clear there is room for improvement, but the situation is gradually improving. With a literacy rate of 65%, Pakistan is still far behind other countries that have literacy rates over 90%, such as Norway with a literacy rate of 99%, Japan with a literacy rate of 97%, and the United States and Canada with literacy rates of 95%.

The Pakistani education system is a long one, with five levels. The first of these is the primary level for grades one to five. There are 64 national examinations a student must pass to advance to the next level.

From grades 6 to 8, we are at the middle level. The third level goes from grades nine to ten. Students at this point can achieve his or her Secondary School Certificate (SSC).

There are several reasons for which education is essential. There are many advantages to having an education. The first reason is apparent. It gives your children a better chance of a high-profile job in the future. Also, the better-educated population of the country automatically raises the public service and infrastructure by reducing the crime rate through more noble citizens.

The state of Pakistani education has seen substantial progress over the years, though it could still do a lot better. They generate around 10,000 computer scientists and 445,000 college grads annually. As you can see, this is excellent news for the country as a whole, and there is even talk of Pakistan.

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Education System in Pakistan: Issues, Problems and Solutions

Welcome to an exploration of Pakistan’s education system : its challenges, its promises, and the path forward. This article dissects the issues plaguing education, offers solutions, and dives into the diverse landscape of learning in Pakistan.

Join us in uncovering the hurdles, understanding the complexities, and discovering the solutions vital for transforming education in this dynamic nation.”

Issues Impacting Education

Education in Pakistan faces multifaceted challenges, hindering its progress and impeding the fulfillment of crucial global commitments. Understanding these issues is pivotal in devising effective solutions.

Meeting MDGs and Pakistan’s Status:

Pakistan is dedicated to attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which encompass achieving education. However, despite making progress the country faces challenges in meeting these objectives. Issues, like poverty, gender inequality, and insufficient infrastructure pose barriers, to accessing quality education in regions and marginalized communities. This discrepancy between commitment and reality highlights a critical issue that needs urgent attention.

Challenges with Education for All Commitment:

The Education for All (EFA) commitment remains a formidable challenge. While strides have been made in increasing enrollment, retention rates, teacher quality, and curriculum relevance remain problematic. Disparities in education persist based on gender, socio-economic status, and geographical location, posing significant hurdles to achieving comprehensive education for all.

Vision 2030 and Education Goals:

Vision 2030 outlines ambitious goals for Pakistan’s development, including educational reforms. However, inadequate policy implementation, insufficient budget allocation, and bureaucratic hurdles hamper progress. Bridging the gap between vision and execution is essential for realizing sustainable advancements in the education sector.

These issues collectively illustrate the systemic challenges embedded in Pakistan’s education system. Tackling these hurdles demands a holistic approach, addressing infrastructure gaps, socio-economic disparities, policy execution, and societal mindsets toward education. The subsequent sections will delve into specific problems within various educational tiers and propose actionable solutions to combat these pressing issues.

Identified Problems

The educational landscape in Pakistan is marred by a spectrum of challenges across different tiers, hindering the holistic development of its populace.

Primary, Middle, and Secondary Education Challenges:

Challenges, in education include facilities, a shortage of qualified teachers, and low enrollment rates, particularly in rural areas. Middle and secondary education encounter difficulties such, as dropout rates, outdated curricula, and limited availability of quality learning materials. These challenges perpetuate an environment where foundational knowledge and skills remain deficient among a significant portion of the population.

Vocational and Tertiary Education Issues:

Vocational education encounters a lack of emphasis and recognition, leading to a dearth of skilled labor. Tertiary education confronts challenges related to limited access to quality institutions, outdated teaching methodologies, and a mismatch between curriculum and industry needs. These factors hinder the country’s ability to produce a competitive, skilled workforce equipped for a rapidly evolving job market.

Issues with Secondary/Higher Secondary Education System:

The secondary and higher secondary education system struggles with disparities in quality between public and private institutions. Moreover, the emphasis on rote learning over critical thinking stifles creativity and innovation among students. Standardized testing and assessment methodologies often fail to evaluate holistic learning, focusing primarily on memorization.

The Role of Community Colleges:

Community colleges intended to bridge the gap between secondary education and higher learning, face challenges in recognition, funding, and curriculum relevance. Lack of awareness and support limits their efficacy in offering diverse educational opportunities beyond traditional pathways.

Addressing these problems necessitates a comprehensive overhaul of educational policies, infrastructure development, teacher training, curriculum redesign, and a shift in societal perspectives towards alternative educational pathways. The subsequent section will outline actionable solutions and recommendations aimed at tackling these entrenched issues to foster a more robust and inclusive educational system in Pakistan.

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Solutions and Recommendations

Resolving the intricate issues entrenched within Pakistan’s education system demands a multifaceted approach, combining policy reforms, infrastructure enhancement, and a paradigm shift in educational practices.

Revamping Primary, Middle, and Secondary Education:

• Infrastructure Improvement:  Investing in infrastructure upgrades in rural areas, ensuring schools have adequate facilities and are accessible to all communities.
• Teacher Training and Support:  Enhancing teacher training programs, incentivizing qualified educators to work in remote areas, and ensuring ongoing professional development.
• Curriculum Enhancement:  Updating curricula to be more relevant, inclusive, and aligned with modern pedagogical approaches, focusing on critical thinking and practical skills.

Enhancing Vocational and Tertiary Education:

• Promoting Vocational Training:  Elevating the status of vocational education, expanding vocational training centers, and forging industry partnerships for practical skill development.
• Quality Assurance in Tertiary Institutes:  Implementing rigorous quality standards in tertiary institutions, updating course content to meet industry demands, and fostering research and innovation.

Strengthening Community Colleges:

• Awareness and Promotion:  Raising awareness about the benefits of community colleges, promoting their role in providing alternative educational pathways, and ensuring their accreditation and integration within the broader educational framework.
• Expanding Curriculum Options:  Diversifying course offerings in community colleges to cater to a wide array of interests and career paths, incorporating practical, job-oriented skills.

Strategies for Improvement in Higher Education:

• Industry-Academia Collaboration:  Promoting collaborations, between institutions and businesses to synchronize the curriculum with the demands of the job market guaranteeing that graduates acquire the necessary skills.
• Research and Innovation:  Promoting the development of research infrastructure, cultivating a climate of creativity and ingenuity, and providing incentives for research endeavors to stay on par with progress.

When these solutions are implemented together in a manner they have the potential to bring about a transformation, in the education system of Pakistan. However, it is crucial for the government, educational institutions, civil society, and the private sector to work together diligently and make progress to ensure development in the field of education.

Education Landscape in Pakistan

Understanding the historical context, current allocations, and various stages of formal education elucidates the intricate tapestry of Pakistan’s educational system.

Historical Context of Education:

• Early Educational Systems:  Pakistan’s educational journey traces back to ancient civilizations, with an early emphasis on religious education and centers of learning.
• Colonial Influence:  British rule introduced a formal education system, primarily serving the elite, leading to a disparity in educational access and quality among different societal strata.

Government’s Budgetary Allocation for Education:

• Budgetary Trends:  Analyzing the government’s allocation for education over the years, highlighting any fluctuations, trends, or inadequacies.
• Impact of Budgetary Policies:  Understanding the correlation between budgetary allocations, infrastructure development, and educational outcomes.

Different Stages of Formal Education:

• Primary Education:  Describing the foundational stage of education, its importance, challenges, and enrollment statistics.
• Secondary Education:  Exploring the transition from primary to secondary education, challenges faced, and the impact on future opportunities.
• Tertiary Education:  Investigating the landscape of higher education, including universities, colleges, and their contributions to workforce development.
• Quaternary Education:  Examining specialized higher education, research institutions, and their role in advancing knowledge and innovation.
• Non-formal and Informal Education:  Recognizing alternative learning pathways, their significance in addressing educational disparities, and their integration within the formal system.
• Madrassas:  Understanding the role, challenges, and reforms in religious educational institutions.

Analyzing these different facets provides a comprehensive overview of Pakistan’s educational landscape, shedding light on the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities present within the system. This understanding is crucial for devising targeted interventions and policies aimed at fostering a more inclusive, accessible, and effective education system in the country.

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Focus Areas for Progress

Within Pakistan’s education system, specific sectors and initiatives require focused attention to drive meaningful progress and ensure comprehensive development.

Degree Awarding Institutions/Universities in Pakistan:

• Quality and Accreditation:  Evaluating the caliber of universities and colleges and the criteria, for accreditation. How they influence brilliance and career prospects.
• Research and Innovation:  Universities play a role, in driving knowledge and technology showcasing their research output, and fostering innovation hubs.

Technical & Vocational Education and Training (TVET):

• Aligning with Industry Needs:  Strengthening TVET programs to meet the demands of evolving industries, ensuring graduates possess practical skills and are job-ready.
• Promoting Vocational Training:  Encouraging the perception shift towards vocational education, emphasizing its importance in national development.

Skill Development and Incubation Centers:

• Entrepreneurship and Skill Enhancement:  Empowering youth through skill development programs, fostering an entrepreneurial mindset, and establishing incubation centers for startups and innovation.
• Partnerships and Support:  Collaborating with private enterprises and government initiatives to support skill development and incubation programs.

Government Policies and Initiatives:

• Policy Analysis:  Evaluating existing educational policies, their efficacy, implementation challenges, and potential areas for improvement.
• Initiatives for Access:  Highlighting government initiatives aimed at increasing access to education, addressing disparities, and promoting inclusivity.

Market Insights:

• Aligning Education with Market Demands:  Understanding market trends, skills in demand, and aligning educational curricula to bridge the gap between academia and industry.
• Employment Opportunities:  Exploring job prospects, identifying sectors with growth potential, and preparing students accordingly.

Focusing on these areas presents opportunities for targeted interventions and strategic investments, fostering a more responsive, inclusive, and dynamic educational ecosystem in Pakistan. Collaboration among stakeholders, innovative approaches, and a commitment to addressing these focal points can pave the way for a brighter future for education in the country.

Conclusion 

Pakistan’s education system stands at a critical juncture, grappling with myriad challenges while holding immense potential for transformation. From issues in access and quality across different educational tiers to the need for policy reforms, infrastructure enhancements, and a paradigm shift in educational practices, the landscape is complex and multifaceted.

However, within these challenges lie opportunities for progress and innovation. By implementing the outlined solutions, focusing on key sectors, and fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders, Pakistan can pave the way for a more inclusive, accessible, and effective educational system.

It’s a collective responsibility to invest in education, a fundamental cornerstone for societal growth, economic prosperity, and individual empowerment. The journey toward an improved education system requires sustained dedication, visionary leadership, and a commitment to nurturing the potential of every learner, ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.

Inadequate infrastructure, low budget, outdated curricula, and a shortage of qualified teachers.

Girls face barriers; solutions include gender-sensitive curricula, improved infrastructure for girls’ schools, and changing societal attitudes.

Poverty prevents attendance; solutions include need-based scholarships, increased funding in low-income areas, and free or subsidized textbooks.

Insufficient training affects quality; solutions include ongoing teacher training, updated methodologies, and incentives for professional development.

Outdated curricula hinder relevance; solutions include a comprehensive overhaul, modern teaching methods, and collaboration with industry experts.

Limited access hinders tech use; solutions include digital learning initiatives, infrastructure investment, and training for teachers and students.

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Education System of Pakistan: Issues, Problems and Solutions

Introduction

It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult literacy. With the 18th constitutional amendment the concurrent list which comprised of 47 subjects was abolished and these subjects, including education, were transferred to federating units as a move towards provincial autonomy.

The year 2015 is important in the context that it marks the deadline for the participants of Dakar declaration (Education For All [EFA] commitment) including Pakistan. Education related statistics coupled with Pakistan’s progress regarding education targets set in Vision 2030 and Pakistan’s lagging behind in achieving EFA targets and its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) for education call for an analysis of the education system of Pakistan and to look into the issues and problems it is facing so that workable solutions could be recommended.

What is Education System?

The system of education includes all institutions that are involved in delivering formal education (public and private, for-profit and nonprofit, onsite or virtual instruction) and their faculties, students, physical infrastructure, resources and rules. In a broader definition the system also includes the institutions that are directly involved in financing, managing, operating or regulating such institutions (like government ministries and regulatory bodies, central testing organizations, textbook boards and accreditation boards). The rules and regulations that guide the individual and institutional interactions within the set up are also part of the education system.

Education system of Pakistan:

The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 260,903 institutions and is facilitating 41,018,384 students with the help of 1,535,461 teachers. The system includes 180,846 public institutions and 80,057 private institutions. Hence 31% educational institutes are run by private sector while 69% are public institutes.

Analysis of education system in Pakistan

Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promote education and literacy in the country by education policies at domestic level and getting involved into international commitments on education. In this regard national education policies are the visions which suggest strategies to increase literacy rate, capacity building, and enhance facilities in the schools and educational institutes. MDGs and EFA programmes are global commitments of Pakistan for the promotion of literacy.

A review of the education system of Pakistan suggests that there has been little change in Pakistan’s schools since 2010, when the 18th Amendment enshrined education as a fundamental human right in the constitution. Problems of access, quality, infrastructure and inequality of opportunity, remain endemic.

A)    MDGs and Pakistan

Due to the problems in education system of Pakistan, the country is lagging behind in achieving its MDGs of education. The MDGs have laid down two goals for education sector:

Goal 2 : The goal 2 of MDGs is to achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE) and by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. By the year 2014 the enrolment statistics show an increase in the enrolment of students of the age of 3-16 year while dropout rate decreased. But the need for increasing enrolment of students remains high to achieve MDGs target. Punjab is leading province wise in net primary enrolment rate with 62% enrolment. The enrolment rate in Sindh province is 52%, in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) 54% and primary enrolment rate in Balochistan is 45%.

Goal 3: The goal 3 of MDGs is Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. It is aimed at eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and in all levels of education not later than 2015. There is a stark disparity between male and female literacy rates. The national literacy rate of male was 71% while that of female was 48% in 2012-13. Provinces reported the same gender disparity. Punjab literacy rate in male was 71% and for females it was 54%. In Sindh literacy rate in male was 72% and female 47%, in KPK male 70% and females 35%, while in Balochistan male 62% and female 23%.

B)    Education for All (EFA) Commitment

The EFA goals focus on early childhood care and education including pre-schooling, universal primary education and secondary education to youth, adult literacy with gender parity and quality of education as crosscutting thematic and programme priorities.

EFA Review Report October 2014 outlines that despite repeated policy commitments, primary education in Pakistan is lagging behind in achieving its target of universal primary education. Currently the primary gross enrolment rate stands at 85.9% while Pakistan requires increasing it up to 100% by 2015-16 to fulfil EFA goals.  Of the estimated total primary school going 21.4 million children of ages 5-9 years, 68.5% are enrolled in schools, of which 8.2 million or 56% are boys and 6.5 million or 44% are girls. Economic Survey of Pakistan confirms that during the year 2013-14 literacy remained much higher in urban areas than in rural areas and higher among males.

C)    Vision 2030

Vision 2030 of Planning Commission of Pakistan looks for an academic environment which promotes the thinking mind. The goal under Vision 2030 is one curriculum and one national examination system under state responsibility. The strategies charted out to achieve the goal included:

(i)                  Increasing public expenditure on education and skills generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% by 2010 and 7% by 2015.

(ii)                Re-introduce the technical and vocational stream in the last two years of secondary schools.

(iii)             Gradually increase vocational and technical education numbers to 25-30% of all secondary enrolment by 2015 and 50 per cent by 2030.

(iv)              Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.

Problems: The issues lead to the comprehension of the problems which are faced in the development of education system and promotion of literacy. The study outlines seven major problems such as:

1)      Lack of Proper Planning: Pakistan is a signatory to MDGs and EFA goals. However it seems that it will not be able to achieve these international commitments because of financial management issues and constraints to achieve the MDGs and EFA goals.

2)      Social constraints: It is important to realize that the problems which hinder the provision of education are not just due to issues of management by government but some of them are deeply rooted in the social and cultural orientation of the people. Overcoming the latter is difficult and would require a change in attitude of the people, until then universal primary education is difficult to achieve.

3)      Gender gap: Major factors that hinder enrolment rates of girls include poverty, cultural constraints, illiteracy of parents and parental concerns about safety and mobility of their daughters. Society’s emphasis on girl’s modesty, protection and early marriages may limit family’s willingness to send them to school. Enrolment of rural girls is 45% lower than that of urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only, showing that gender gap is an important factor.

4)      Cost of education: The economic cost is higher in private schools, but these are located in richer settlements only. The paradox is that private schools are better but not everywhere and government schools ensure equitable access but do not provide quality education.

5)      War on Terror: Pakistan’s engagement in war against terrorism also affected the promotion of literacy campaign. The militants targeted schools and students; several educational institutions were blown up, teachers and students were killed in Balochistan, KPK and FATA. This may have to contribute not as much as other factors, but this remains an important factor.

6)      Funds for Education: Pakistan spends 2.4% GDP on education. At national level, 89% education expenditure comprises of current expenses such as teachers’ salaries, while only 11% comprises of development expenditure which is not sufficient to raise quality of education.

7)      Technical Education: Sufficient attention has not been paid to the technical and vocational education in Pakistan. The number of technical and vocational training institutes is not sufficient and many are deprived of infrastructure, teachers and tools for training. The population of a state is one of the main elements of its national power. It can become an asset once it is skilled. Unskilled population means more jobless people in the country, which affects the national development negatively. Therefore, technical education needs priority handling by the government.

Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints, lack of access, poor quality, equity, and governance have also contributed in less enrolments.

An analysis of the issues and problems suggest that:

The official data shows the allocation of funds for educational projects but there is no mechanism which ensures the proper expenditure of those funds on education.

• The existing infrastructure is not being properly utilized in several parts of the country.
• There are various challenges that include expertise, institutional and capacity issues, forging national cohesion, uniform standards for textbook development, and quality assurance.
• The faculty hiring process is historically known to be politicized. It is because of this that the quality of teaching suffers and even more so when low investments are made in teachers’ training. As a result teachers are not regular and their time at school is not as productive as it would be with a well-trained teacher.
• Inside schools there are challenges which include shortage of teachers, teacher absenteeism, missing basic facilities and lack of friendly environment.
• Out of school challenges include shortage of schools, distance – especially for females, insecurity, poverty, cultural norms, parents are reluctant or parents lack awareness.

There is a need for implementation of national education policy and vision 2030 education goals. An analysis of education policy suggests that at the policy level there are several admirable ideas, but practically there are some shortcomings also.

It may not be possible for the government at the moment to implement uniform education system in the country, but a uniform curriculum can be introduced in educational institutes of the country. This will provide equal opportunity to the students of rural areas to compete with students of urban areas in the job market.

Since majority of Pakistani population resides in rural areas and the access to education is a major problem for them, it seems feasible that a balanced approach for formal and informal education be adopted. Government as well as non-government sector should work together to promote education in rural areas.

The government should take measures to get school buildings vacated which are occupied by feudal lords of Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab. Efforts should be made to ensure that proper education is provided in those schools.

The federal government is paying attention to the vocational and technical training, but it is important to make the already existing vocational and technical training centres more efficient so that skilled youth could be produced.

Since education is a provincial subject, the provincial education secretariats need to be strengthened. Special policy planning units should be established in provinces’ education departments for implementation of educational policies and formulation of new policies whenever needed. The provincial education departments need to work out financial resources required for realising the compliance of Article 25-A.

Federal Government should play a supportive role vis-à-vis the provinces for the early compliance of the constitutional obligation laid down in Article 25-A. Special grants can be provided to the provinces where the literacy rate is low.

Pakistan is not the only country which is facing challenges regarding promotion of literacy and meeting EFA and MDGs commitments. Education remains a subject which is paid least attention in the whole South Asian region. UNDP report 2014 suggests that there has been an improvement in other elements of human development such as life expectancy, per capita income and human development index value (in past 3 years); but there has been no progress in the number of schooling years. The expected average for years of schooling in 2010 was 10.6 years but the actual average of schooling remained 4.7 for all South Asian countries. In the year 2013 the expected average of number of years increased to 11.2 but the actual average of years of schooling of South Asian countries remained 4.7.  Regional cooperation mechanism can also be developed to promote literacy in South Asian region. Sharing success stories, making country-specific modifications and their implementation can generate positive results.

Recommendations

• Technical education should be made a part of secondary education. Classes for carpentry, electrical, and other technical education must be included in the curriculum.
• Providing economic incentives to the students may encourage the parents to send their children to school and may help in reducing the dropout ratio.
• Local government system is helpful in promoting education and literacy in the country. In local government system the funds for education would be spent on a need basis by the locality.
• Corruption in education departments is one of the factors for the poor literacy in the country. An effective monitoring system is needed in education departments.
• For any system to work it is imperative that relevant structures are developed. Legislation and structure should be framed to plan for the promotion of education in the country. After the 18 th amendment the education has become a provincial subject, therefore, the provinces should form legislations and design educational policies which ensure quality education.
• Unemployment of educated men and women is a major concern for Pakistan. There should be career counselling of the pupils in schools so that they have an understanding of job market and they can develop their skills accordingly.
• Counselling of parents is required, so that they can choose a career for their child which is market friendly.
• There are two approaches to acquiring education: First, which is being followed by many in Pakistan is to get education to earn bread and butter. The second approach is to get education for the sake of personal development and learning. This approach is followed by affluent and economically stable people who send their children to private schools and abroad for education. The problem arises when non-affluent families send their children to private schools, and universities. This aspiration for sending children for higher education is wrong, because the country does not need managers and officers only. There are several other jobs where people are needed. Hence the mind-set of sending one’s children to university only for becoming officers and managers needs to be changed.

Conclusion:                                                        

The reforms required in the education system of Pakistan cannot be done by the government alone, public-private participation and a mix of formal as well as non-formal education can pull out majority of country’s population from illiteracy. Similarly, to make the youth of the country an asset, attention should also be paid to vocational and technical training.

References:

Human Development Report 2014 “Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience,” United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (New York: UNDP, 2014).

Mehnaz Aziz et al, “Education System Reform in Pakistan: Why, When, and How?” IZA Policy Paper No. 76, January 2014 (Institute for the Study of Labor, 2014), P 4.

Annual Report: Pakistan Education Statistics 2011-12, National Education Management Information System Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Trainings & Standards in Higher Education, Government of Pakistan, (Islamabad, AEPAM, 2013).

Economic Survey of Pakistan 2014, Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan.

Pakistan: Education for All 2015 National Review , Ministry of Education, Trainings and Standards in Higher Education Academy of Educational Planning and Management Islamabad, Pakistan June, 2014 (available at : http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002297/229718E.pdf).

Maliha Naveed, Reasons of Low Levels of Education in Pakistan, Pakistan Herald, January 03, 2013 (available at: http://www.pakistanherald.com/articles/reasons-of-low-levels-of-education-in-pakistan-3065 ).

“Pakistan may miss EFA goals by 2015-16: Report,” Daily Nation , October, 3, 2014.

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Education system in Pakistan: Key issues, problems and future challenges

This paper reviews the current key issues and problems in the education system of Pakistan that pose a challenge for the future growth of the country. The paper uses documentary analysis as the research methodology for data collection. The paper attempts to understand which factors have contributed to the downfall of Pakistani education system. The first part of the paper explains how the system is operated by the government. Moving on, the problems be them external or internal in nature are highlighted and it is delineated how these problems have contributed to greater social demise. The paper further looks into some solutions to the problems aforementioned and urges the government to contribute in due diligence what is required to the education system.

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This study was meant to explore and report the problems being confronted by the education in Pakistan and suggest for the resolution of these problems. Education plays the role of leadership in the society. The functions of the educational institutions are to develop the people physically, mentally, psychologically, socially and spiritually. It improves and promotes the economic, social, political and cultural life of the nation. There is no doubt in accepting the fact that education brings about a change in the social, political and cultural scenario of the country; though the change remains slow but it does have an impact on the society at large. Until now the role of secondary and college education in Pakistan has been simply preparation for tertiary education, which in the minds of most people means strictly a university education. All over the world universities are guiding and co-operating with the industrial and agricultural development organizations and they are developing their economics rapidly and meaningfully. There is a close link between education and development. In Pakistan, after more than five decades, the developmental indicators are not showing positive results. The participation rate at higher education is low comparatively to other countries of the region. There are problems of quality of staff, students, library and laboratory. Considering the gigantic problems of education in Pakistan, I select this topic for research.

This paper aimed to look at present education system of Pakistan. There exists an inherent promise and intensive potential in educational policies of Pakistan for revolutionizing socioeconomic change in the country through education. Pakistan since its independence in 1947 has faced the insufficient educational institutions and lack of qualified teachers which resulted in challenges of access and quality. To deal with educational problems, a number of educational policies were released. The policies came at different times, during different regimes, in with diverse policy document. They varied in their size, intention and seriousness. The existing education system in Pakistan is considered not being adequately responsive to the demand of quality education. There is a wide range of issues and concerns related to the teaching and learning setup. To improve the existing education system of Pakistan development of any strategy should give due consideration to these issues and concerns. Introduction:

Pakistan Education System is not according to the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. It is moulding youth in divergent matrixes that cause injustice and disappointment in society. Therefore, it a barrier in achieving the goal of national harmony and social cohesion; and also, it is one of the contributory factors in dispersing the nation from its ideals. This paper discusses the key flaw in the educational structure of Pakistan, and suggests the ways to achieve the goal of " uniform, equitable and effective system of education " through a " national education system " as ensured in the Constitution of Pakistan.

The Pakistan Development Review, 2009

After six decades of its existence, Pakistan finds itself in an educational quagmire. There is not much to show in terms of national, provincial and local indicators of a standard variety. At the international level, the country has earned the notoriety of being regularly lower down on all known indices and league tables on human development, competitiveness and governance. Neglect of education lies at the heart of the problem. This is surprising because the thinking on the nature of the educational system required for the newly emerging country had started quite early. An All Pakistan Educational Conference was held on November 27, 1947 in Karachi. Education thus was the subject of the very first professional conference held in the country, bringing together all the stakeholders. The Father of the Nation set the guidelines in his detailed message: “Under foreign rule for over a century, in the very nature of things, I regret, sufficient attention has not been paid to the education ...

Journal of Management and Social …, 2007

Going the Extra Mile: Reflections on Biblical Studies in Africa and the Contributions of Joachim Kügler, 2024

In honouring both Joachim Kügler’s commitment to biblical scholarship and to African contexts, this essay reflects on the Ujamaa Centre’s work over more than twenty-five years with organised communities of those living with disability. The essay follows the See-Judge-Act process, so familiar to Kügler, beginning with See: the reality of those living with disability in South Africa (and further north in the continent). The essay then turns to actual biblical text (Judge), from three different perspectives. First, I reflect on texts used against those living with disability, recognising a pervasive voice in scripture which discriminates against and stigmatises those living with disability. Second, I reflect on texts selected by those living with disability as potentially useful resources in their struggle for a full and dignified life. Third, I reflect on the kind of Bible that these two trajectories evidence, a Bible that is inherently a site of struggle with respect to disability – a disabled Bible. Fourth, the essay also reflects on the pervasive interlocking theological system of retribution that stigmatises, discriminates, and condemns those living with disability, alongside their HIV-positive, unemployed, and queer compatriots. Finally, the Act component of the essay reflects on the ongoing work of the Ujamaa Centre in this area and the kinds of actions particular organised groups of people living with disability take up.

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Education system in Pakistan – Exploratory Essay

Introduction

In my essay, I intend to explore the education system in Pakistan. In Pakistan, education is overseen by the Ministry of Education, which works for the government and provincial governments. The federal government assists with accreditation, financing of development and research, and assists with the creation of nationwide curriculums. Here are the other things I discovered about the Pakistani education system.

Children between the ages of five to sixteen are obligated to have free education thanks to article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan. The manner to which they are entitled to free education is determined by the law.

Literacy rates vary wildly from area to area. In Islamabad, the literacy level of inhabitants is at its highest at 96%, and in the Kohlu District it is its lowest at 28%. The age range of people has a massive effect on their literacy rate. People between the ages of 55 to 64 have a literacy rate of 38%. People between the ages of 45 and 54 have a literacy rate of 46%. People between the ages of 25 and 34 have a literacy rate of 57%, and people between the ages of 15 and 24 have literacy rate of 72%. These are only averages based on age, but it is a clear indication that the education system in Pakistan has been slowly improving over the years, as the literacy rate seems to go up at ages go down.

Literacy rates are the lowest within female populations, with many women not being literate at all. There are tribal areas in Pakistan where the literacy rate for women is as low as 9.5%.

There are five levels within the Pakistani education system. This means that like the US education system it has grades, and in this case, the grades work in levels. Level one starts at primary and that is for grades one to five. The middle level goes through grades six to eight. The third level goes from grades nine to ten. At this point, the student may be able to achieve his or her Secondary School Certificate (SSC). The fourth level goes from grade eleven to twelve, through which a student may receive his or her HSC, which is the Higher Secondary Certificate. The fifth level includes attendance at a University, in which a student may earn an undergraduate and graduate degree.

The English language is the fastest spreading language in Pakistan, with over 11% of the population speaking it, which is 18 million Pakistani people. Though it is only 11% of the population, it does mean that Pakistan is the third largest nation of English speakers in the world, with it being the second largest nation of English speakers in Asia. Conclusion

The state of Pakistani education could still be a lot better, but they do produce around 10,000 computer science graduates and 445,000 university graduates per year. They also have a reasonably high literacy rate when compared with other countries, and is true even though their out-of-school population currently stands at 5.1 children, which is the second largest out-of-school population in the world–beaten only by Nigeria.

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