ncert class 10 geography chapter 1 case study questions

Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Geography Forest and Wildlife Resource

Case study questions class 10 social science geography chapter 2 forest and wildlife resource.

India, known for its rich biodiversity and vast forested areas, is facing an alarming issue – the depletion of its forest cover. This decline in forested regions is a cause for concern due to its far-reaching ecological, economic, and social consequences. Several factors contribute to the diminishing forest area in India. Deforestation driven by urbanization, infrastructure development, agriculture expansion, and illegal logging poses a significant threat. Additionally, forest fragmentation disrupts wildlife habitats and ecological balance. The consequences are severe: loss of biodiversity, reduced water retention, increased carbon emissions, and diminished livelihoods for forest-dependent communities. Recognizing the urgency, India has implemented afforestation and reforestation programs, strengthened conservation efforts, and promoted sustainable forestry practices. Preserving and expanding forest cover is imperative for India’s sustainable future. This requires a concerted effort from government, communities, and individuals to protect and restore these invaluable ecosystems.

Forest conflicts in India are complex struggles between various stakeholders, including indigenous and local communities, the government, and industries. These conflicts typically arise due to competing interests over forest resources and land. Indigenous and local communities often find themselves marginalized, facing threats to their traditional way of life and land rights when forest land is allocated for infrastructure, mining, or large-scale development projects.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

• NCERT Solutions
• Social Science Contemporary India
• Chapter 1 Resources And Development

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 Resources and Development Class 10 - FREE PDF Download

Vedantu's Class 10 Geography NCERT Solutions are your life raft! Aligned with the latest CBSE Class 10 Social Science syllabus , the Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 offers a comprehensive guide to understanding this pivotal era. Dive deep into sustainable development, resource planning, land resources, and more, explaining clearly and breaking down complex terms, making geography accessible and engaging.

Conquer your exams with a solid grasp of Chapter 1 content, boost your historical knowledge, and develop critical thinking skills. Download your FREE PDF for resources and development class 10 today and embark on a successful journey. 

Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Uncover the different types of resources – natural, human, and man-made – and understand how we classify them based on their availability (renewable vs. non-renewable) with class 10th geography chapter 1.

Learn how resource utilisation is linked to a country's economic and social progress. 

Explore the concept of sustainable development and its importance for the resources and development class 10 questions and answers.

Gain insights into the challenges of resource depletion and environmental degradation. 

Discover strategies for responsible resource management and conservation practices and can also refer to class 10 geography chapter 1 question answer PDF download.

See how resource availability from the Resources and Development class 10 PDF is impacted by land degradation, soil erosion, and deforestation.

Analyse case studies to understand the interconnectedness of resources and development from Geography Chapter 1, class 10.

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Access NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development

1. Multiple choice questions. 

(i) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? 

(a) Intensive cultivation 

(b) Deforestation

(c) Over irrigation 

(d) Overgrazing

Ans: (c) Over irrigation

(ii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced? 

(a) Punjab 

(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh

(c) Haryana

(d) Uttarakhand

Ans:  (d) Uttarakhand

(iii) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found? 

(a) Uttar Pradesh

(b) Maharashtra 

(c) Rajasthan

(d) Jharkhand

Ans: (b) Maharashtra 

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it. 

Ans: Maharashtra: This state is known for its black cotton soil, particularly suitable for growing cotton.

Madhya Pradesh: Similar to Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh also has black soil regions where cotton is a major crop.

Andhra Pradesh: Cotton cultivation thrives in Andhra Pradesh's black soil areas. While cotton is prominent, other crops like tobacco can also be grown in this type of soil.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil. 

Ans: The type of soil found in the river deltas of the eastern coast of India is alluvial soil. Here are three main features of alluvial soil:

High fertility: Alluvial soil is rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid, and lime due to the constant deposition of sediments from rivers. This makes it highly fertile and ideal for agriculture.

Light and well-drained: Alluvial soil is generally loose and sandy in texture, allowing for good drainage and aeration. This is beneficial for plant root growth and prevents waterlogging.

Varied composition: The exact composition of alluvial soil can vary depending on the source river and the distance from the delta.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Ans: Land Management Practices:

Contour ploughing and planting

Cover cropping

Drainage ditches

Rotational grazing

Bioengineering

Education and Awareness:

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use patterns in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61? 

Ans: India's land use reflects a balancing act. Over 50% is dedicated to agriculture, with forests covering about 22% (below the recommended 33%). 

Urbanization and infrastructure needs are also rising. 

Limited forest cover increase since the 1960s stems from competing needs for land, encroachment, deforestation, and slow forest regrowth. 

Sustainable practices like agroforestry and stricter environmental regulations are key to achieving a more balanced and sustainable land use pattern in India.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Ans: Technical and economic advancements have become double-edged swords for resource consumption. 

Improved technology allows for greater production, requiring more materials. 

New industries and products constantly emerge, each demanding resources. 

As economies grow, living standards rise, leading to increased consumption of goods and services. 

While technology might unlock new resources, it can also accelerate their exploitation. 

To ensure a sustainable future, we need to find a balance between development and responsible resource management through methods like renewable energy and promoting conservation.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 

Benefits of NCERT Solutions For Geography Class 10 Chapter 1

A few advantages you will get by opting for the class 10 geography chapter 1 question answers are:

Gain a clear understanding of different resource types (natural, human, man-made) and their classification with geography class 10 chapter 1 question answers.

Enhance your exam skills with diverse question formats aligned with the CBSE curriculum for Geography class 10, chapter 1.

Break down complex concepts with easy-to-follow explanations, ensuring a solid grasp of the material for Geography Chapter 1 class 10.

Develop critical thinking skills by analysing real-world examples like land degradation and deforestation by referring to resources and development class 10 PDF.

Learn responsible resource management and conservation strategies with resources and development class 10 questions and answers.

Download your FREE PDF of NCERT Solutions for class 10th Geography Chapter 1 today and become a champion of sustainable development!

In addition to these NCERT Solutions, the official website provides Class 10 Resources and Development Revision Notes . Utilise both resources for effective practice and a deeper understanding of the chapter.

Mastering resources and development is key to a sustainable future. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography (Chapter 1) empowers you. Make informed choices about resource use, advocate for sustainable practices, and become an active citizen. This knowledge goes beyond exams – use it to understand current events, explore solutions, and contribute to a more sustainable world. Access class 10 geography chapter 1 question answer PDF download and keep learning!

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography- Other Chapter-wise Links for FREE PDF

Dive into our FREE PDF links offering chapter-wise NCERT solutions prepared by Vedantu Experts, to help you understand and master the social concepts.

Related Important Links for Class 10 Geography

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

1. Why do we Need resources and development class 10 PDF?

Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development Solutions are important because they help students understand the chapter in detail and prepare for their final exams. The chapter covers topics such as resource planning in India, identification and inventory of resources, evolving a planning structure, and appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science give students a further advantage to answer different questions that may come in their exams from various topics. These solutions provide clear and understandable answers in an engaging and easy-to-learn manner. Students can download these solutions for free from Vedantu website.

2. How can Vedantu Help You understand Geography Chapter 1 class 10?

Vedantu can help you in understanding Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Ch 1 by providing NCERT Solutions for the chapter. These solutions are crafted by subject matter experts and are available for free download on Vedantu's website. The solutions are provided in a simple language that is easily understandable and helps students understand the chapter in detail. Vedantu also provides chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, including History, Geography, Political Science and Economics, which can help students prepare for their exams and score good marks. Students can download these solutions in PDF format from Vedantu's website or app and revise the complete syllabus to score more marks.

3. What about geography class 10, chapter 1  from Contemporary India?

Chapter 1 of Class 10 Contemporary India is about Resources and Development. This chapter introduces students to resources and their classification. It covers topics such as resource planning in India, identification and inventory of resources, evolving a planning structure, and appropriate technology, skill, and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. The chapter also discusses the three stages of resource planning in India, which are identification and inventory of resources, evolving a planned structure, and matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans. Students can find NCERT Solutions and notes for this chapter on our Vedantu website.

4. How can you categorise resources based on ownership from Geography class 10 chapter 1 question answers?

On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified as (1) Individual or Community-owned resources and (2) Natural or International resources. Individual resources are the resources that are privately owned by individuals whereas community-owned resources are those that belong to the entire community and are accessible to all the members. All the resources such as minerals, water resources, forests, etc. found in a nation and up to 12 nautical miles from the coastline belong to the nation. Oceanic resources beyond 200 nm are regulated by international institutions. 

5. What are the obstacles to the development of resources as discussed in class 10 geography chapter 1 question answers?

Resources are vital for our survival, sustenance and development, and well-being. Human beings have used the resources indiscriminately over the course of history. There are various problems that need to be overcome to ensure optimum development of resources. These include depletion of resources, resources accumulation in a few hands, and indiscriminate exploitation of resources. Consequently, the climatic conditions across the world have deteriorated. 

6. Does resource availability ensure a region's development from resources and development class 10?

Resources are crucial for our survival and the development of quality of life but the availability of resources does not automatically translate into the development of the region. There are regions that are rich in resources but are not entirely developed. Availability of resources is important. But what is equally important is the availability of necessary technology and institutions to ensure that resources are used in an optimum, efficient, and judicious way.

7. Where can I find solutions to class 10 Geography Chapter 1?

Vedantu  is one of the websites on which you can trust. The Vedantu website will help you to tackle all your doubts and concerns related to important questions or solutions smartly. The solutions are provided in PDF format and are accessible even on the go. These materials are also available on the Vedantu app. All the material is free of cost. The answers are crafted to satisfy every demand of the question and allow you to find for yourself the best way of presenting the answer and score an extra mark in the final battle. 

8. What are some key topics covered in the NCERT resources and development class 10 questions and answers?

Classification of resources (natural, human-made, renewable, non-renewable)

The importance of resource development for a nation's economic and social progress

The concept of sustainable development and its principles

Challenges of resource depletion and environmental degradation

Strategies for responsible resource management and conservation practices.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

• 15th January 2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers and based on the latest pattern and edition of NCERT book. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Questions and Answers

Question 1. Multiple choice questions 

(i) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation (b) Deforestation                (c) Over irrigation (d) Overgrazing

Answer: (c) Over irrigation

(ii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

(a) Punjab    (b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh                                     (c) Haryana (d) Uttarakhand

Answer: (d) Uttarakhand 

(iii) In which of the following states is black soil found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir       (b) Gujarat    (c) Rajasthan           (d) Jharkhand

Answer: (b) Gujarat 

Question 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it. 

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil. 

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas? 

  Answer: (i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil. 

(ii) Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.

Three features of alluvial soil:

• Alluvial soil is rich in nutrients like potash and lime, making it highly fertile.
• Alluvial soil has a fine texture, owing to the fine silt deposited by river waters. The fine particles allow the soil to retain moisture effectively.
• The fertility and texture of Alluvial soil make it ideal for agriculture. They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.

(iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines, making use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water. 

Question 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words. 

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61? 

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources? 

Answer: (I) The land use pattern in India involves diverse uses, including agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, and other activities. Since 1960-61, the land under forest in India has not increased significantly due to several factors:

• The growing population has led to increased demand for food, resulting in the conversion of forest land to agricultural land.
• Rapid urbanization and industrialization have required more land, often at the expense of forest areas.
• Over the years, forests have been overexploited for timber, fuelwood, and other resources, leading to deforestation.
• While there have been policies aimed at increasing forest cover, their implementation has often been ineffective or insufficient.

(ii) Technical and economic development has led to more consumption of resources on account of various factors such as:

• Technological advancements have enabled mass production in industries, increasing the consumption of natural resources like minerals, fossil fuels, and water.
• Economic development has fueled urbanization, leading to the construction of more buildings, roads, and infrastructure, thereby consuming large amounts of materials like cement, steel, and energy.
• Technological advancements in transportation have resulted in more vehicles and travel, increasing the consumption of fossil fuels.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development in English and Hindi Medium updated for new academic session 2024-25 based on current CBSE Curriculum and new NCERT Books for 2024-25. Ask your doubts and reply to the questions asked by other users through Discussion Forum of Tiwari Academy. Download Offline Apps for offline use without internet it works properly.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1

• Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 NCERT Solutions
• Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Hindi Medium
• Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Important Questions
• NCERT Book Geography Chapter 1
• Notes and Study Material Chapter 1
• Class 10 Geography NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 in PDF format updated for new academic session 2024-25 is given here to free download. Download NCERT Solutions based Offline Apps for offline use. Contents are updated as per new NCERT Books following the latest CBSE Syllabus 2024-25.

Exatra Questions Class 10 Geography Chapter 1

What is meant by resources.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resources’.

What are Biotic Resources?

Resources which are obtained from biosphere and have life known as Biotic Resources. Such as human beings, flora and fauna.

What are Abiotic Resources?

All those things which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources. For example: Rocks and metals.

What are Renewable resources?

The Resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable resources. For example: Solar and Wind

What is meant by Non Renewable Resources?

These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.

What is Alluvial Soil?

Made of river deposits, consist of sand silt and clay, its types-Bangar and Khadar. Intensively cultivated, supports dense population.. Ideal for paddy, wheat, sugarcane. Northern Plains and deltas.

It includes human activities like deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining, defective method of farming etc. Natural forces like wind, glacier and water flow.

Development should take place without damaging the environment. Present development status should continue and grow in future. Development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future.

An equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues the future of our planet is in danger. Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life. Utilizing the resources in a judicial manner so as our future generation is not deprived of them.

The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as gullies. This makes the land bad land and in the Chambal basin such land is known as ravines.

Important Questions on Class 10 Geography Chapter 1

Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it..

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are some states where black soil is found and cotton is the main crop grown on black soil.

What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Alluvial soil is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime. It has a high water retention capacity and it is highly fertile soil.

What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Terrace farming and shelter belt plantation can be done to prevent soil erosion in hilly areas.

What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Biotic Resources: All living organisms in our environment are called biotic resources. For example, trees, animals, insects, etc. Abiotic Resources: All non-living things present in our environment are termed as abiotic resources. For example – earth, air, water, metals, rocks, etc.

Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?

About 45% of land is used as net sown area, i.e. for farming. About 22% of the land is under forest and the rest of the land is used for various purposes; like housing, recreation and industrial activities. Increasing population and subsequent increase in demand for resources is the main reason that forested land has not increased much during this period.

How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Economic development creates demand for various resources and technical development gives the knowhow to exploit those resources. Thus, technical and economic development; together lead to more consumption of resources.

Forest and Wildlife Resources »

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Home » 10th Class » NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources And Development | Question Answer PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources And Development | Question Answer PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources And Development has been published by Aglasem. You can now download the Class 10 Geography Ch 1 Questions and Answers PDF here. This NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography contains answers of all questions asked in Chapter 1 in textbook, Contemporary India II . Therefore you can refer it to solve Resources And Development exercise questions and learn more about the topic.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources And Development

Class – Class 10 Subject – Geography Chapter – Ch 1 Chapter Name – Resources And Development Book – Contemporary India II Study Material – NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 PDF

While you can read NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Ch 1 for all exercises here on aglasem. You can also download this NCERT Solutions PDF to refer ncer question answer at anytime when you study Resources And Development. Here it is.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 PDF Download Link – Click Here to Download Solutions PDF

How to download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 PDF?

You can download the complete NCERT solutions for chapter 1 of this NCERT Book i.e. Contemporary India II with following steps.

• First search NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Ch 1 PDF aglasem and come to this page.
• Now you will see the exercise questions answers of Resources And Development and download pdf link on it.
• Click the Download PDF link to obtain the Resources And Development questions with answers document.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

There are more chapters to study besides Resources And Development in this subject. So here are NCERT solutions for all topics of Geography taught in 10th class here at aglasem.

• History – India and the Contemporary World II
• Chapter 1 The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe
• Chapter 2 Nationalism In India
• Chapter 3 The Making Of A Global World
• Chapter 4 The Age Of Industrialisation
• Chapter 5 Print Culture And The Modern World
• Civics – Democratic Politics II
• Chapter 1 Power-sharing
• Chapter 2 Federalism
• Chapter 3 Gender, Religion And Caste
• Chapter 4 Political Parties
• Chapter 5 Outcomes Of Democracy
• Geography – Contemporary India II
• Chapter 1 Resources And Development
• Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Water Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals And Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
• Chapter 7 Lifelines Of National Economy
• Economics – Understanding Economic Development
• Chapter 1 Development
• Chapter 2 Sectors Of Indian Economy
• Chapter 3 Money And Credit
• Chapter 4 Globalisation And The Indian Economy
• Chapter 5 Consumer Rights

NCERT Solutions for Class 10

Just like you got Geography Ch 1 solutions here. You can see exercise questions answers of other subjects and their topics too on aglasem. Here are NCERT solutions for all subjects of 10th standard NCERT books.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – An Overview

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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Download the app to get CBSE Sample Papers 2023-24, NCERT Solutions (Revised), Most Important Questions, Previous Year Question Bank, Mock Tests, and Detailed Notes.

If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

• French artist
• German Artist
• Italian Artist
• British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

• Monarchical Government
• Democratic Government
• Uncentralised Government
• Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

• Homogenous society
• Monarchical society
• Ideal society
• All are correct

Answer Key:

• (a) French artist
• (a) Monarchical Government
• (c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

• Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
• Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
• Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
• The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
• The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
• Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
• (Any two relevant points)
• Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
• Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
•  Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
• Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

• Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
• Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
• Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• India, Srilanka
• Belgium, Sri Lanka
• Wallonia, Brussels
• Flemish, Wallonia
• Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
• Equal number of ministers for both the groups
• Setting up of Community Government
• More power to the central government
• Equal representation at the state and central level
• “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
• The unique government is Community Government
• A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
• Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
• Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
• Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
• The ethnic composition of Belgium
• Accommodation in Sri Lanka
• Accommodation in Belgium
• The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
• (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
• (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
• (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
• (c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

• Opportunity to learn
• Working atmosphere
• Job security
• All of the above
• The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
• Materialistic
• Both a and c
• “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
• A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
• If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
• If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
• “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
• Mixed goals are important for people for development.
• Common goals are important for people for development.
• Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
• Similar goals are important for people for development.
• (d) All of the above
• (a) Materialistic
• (c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
• (a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

Reasons to choose myCBSEguide for class 10

There are many reasons to choose myCBSEguide for CBSE social science Class 10.

• First and foremost, myCBSEguide provides comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the entire syllabus including class 10 social science case study questions. In addition, myCBSEguide also provides practice questions, sample papers and previous year question papers to help students prepare for the exams.
• Another reason to choose myCBSEguide is the online tests. Online tests are a great way to test your knowledge and prepare for the exams.
• Finally, myCBSEguide also provides a “Home Work help” forum where students can ask questions and get answers.

In conclusion, myCBSEguide is the ideal resource for CBSE social science Class 10 students, offering everything they need to excel in their studies.

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• Resources and Development Class 10 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 1

Last Updated on September 3, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 10 social science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 10 social science. In this article, you will find case study for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Resources and Development Class 10

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future generations too. Ninety five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land.

Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned, after excavation work is complete, leaving deep scars and traces of over burdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, over-grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states like Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

Q 1. How does human activities have brought about land degradation? Ans. Human activities have brought about land degradation through the factors like deforestation, over-grazing, mining and quarrying.

Q 2. How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation? Ans. Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity in soil.

Q 3. Why is human considered as the main culprit for land degradation? Ans. Human is considered as the main culprit for land degradation due to the following reasons: (i) His excavation work at mining sites. (ii) His significant contribution to deforestation. (iii) He has aggravated the pace of natural forces causing damage to land. (Any two)

Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources. There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. It has very rich cultural heritage, but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals. This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels.

Q. 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes about resource planning? a. Identification and quantification of available resources. b. Development of available resources. c. Both a. and b. d. Uneven distribution of resources.

Ans. Option (c) is correct.

Q. 2. Resource planning is important in a country like India due to: a. enormous diversity in availability of resources b. deficiency in certain types of resources c. abundance of water resources d. rich cultural heritage

Ans. Option (a) is correct.

Q. 3. The state(s) which is/are rich in minerals and coal deposits is/are: a. Jharkhand b. Chhattisgarh c. Madhya Pradesh d. All of these

Ans. Option (d) is correct.

Q. 4. The states like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh are rich in coal and minerals but have less development in resources as: a. they are economically less developed b. they have rich cultural heritage c. they lack water resources d. they lack technological and institutional support

• Power Sharing Class 10 Case Study Social Science Political Science Chapter 1
• Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 2
• The Making of a Global World Class 10 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 3

Nationalism in India Class 10 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 2

The rise of nationalism in europe class 10 case study social science history chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Types – natural and human
• Need for resource planning
• Natural resources
• Land as a resource
• Soil types and distribution
• Changing land-use pattern
• Land degradation and conservation measures.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable, can be termed as ‘resource’.

The first International Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 endorsed global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving sustainable development.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Resources and Development Class 10 Case Study

Q1: what are case study questions.

A1: Case study questions are a type of question that presents a detailed scenario or a real-life situation related to a specific topic. Students are required to analyze the situation, apply their knowledge, and provide answers or solutions based on the information given in the case study. These questions help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q2: How should I approach case study questions in exams?

A2: To approach case study questions effectively, follow these steps: Read the case study carefully: Understand the scenario and identify the key points. Analyze the information: Look for clues and relevant details that will help you answer the questions. Apply your knowledge: Use what you have learned in your course to interpret the case study and answer the questions. Structure your answers: Write clear and concise responses, making sure to address all parts of the question.

Q3: What are the benefits of practicing case study questions from your website?

A3: Practicing case study questions from our website offers several benefits: Enhanced understanding: Our case studies are designed to deepen your understanding of historical events and concepts. Exam preparation: Regular practice helps you become familiar with the format and types of questions you might encounter in exams. Critical thinking: Analyzing case studies improves your ability to think critically and make connections between different historical events and ideas. Confidence: Practicing with our materials can boost your confidence and improve your performance in exams.

Q4: What are the important keywords in this chapter “Resources and Development”?

A4: Important keywords for CBSE Class 10 Resources and Development are given below: Land Use Pattern: Use of land for different purposes like forests, cultivation, fallow land, etc. Ecological Balance: The balance in our physical and cultural environment. Man’s activities cause disturbances in this balance. For example, two important aspects are balance of gases in air and balance of constituents in soil. Land Degradation: Depletion of the resources of the land through soil erosion, mining, deforestation, etc. Khadar: The new alluvium. Kankar: Substance now containing calcium carbonates. Laterite: Soils from which silicates have been leached out and iron and aluminium predominate. Bangar: The old alluvium. Conservation: Preservation and protection of natural or man-made resources. Regur: Black soil of extremely fine clayey material. Basin: A wide depression or an area drained by a river. Sub-soil: Part of the soil below the top layer, normally used for cultivation to the depth to which most plant roots grow. Fallow Land: Agricultural land left uncultivated after two-three crops to restore its natural fertility. Marginal Land: Land which is difficult to cultivate and yields little profit. Net Sown Area: The total land under crop production excluding wasteland or land left fallow. Soil: Top layer of earth containing humus.

Q5: When and why was the Rio-de-Janeiro Earth summit held?

A5: Rio-de-Janeiro summit was held in 1992 in Brazil. Earth Summit: To achieve sustainable development in order to combat environment damage, poverty and disease, it laid emphasis on global cooperation, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

Q6: What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Write three main features of this type of soil.

A6: Alluvial Soil: Its main features are: (i) Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, etc. (ii) Such a soil is the result of deposits of river. (iii) Very fertile soil

Q7: What do you mean by land use pattern? Name the factors that determine the use of land.

A7: Utilisation of land for various purposes, such as cultivation, grazing of animals, mining, construction of roads, etc. Factors that determine land use pattern are: (i) Topography (ii) Climate (iii) Human Factor (iv) Accessibility

Q8: What does the term ‘sustainable economic development’ mean? How can we eradicate irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources?

A8: Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment’ and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations. We can eradicate irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources through conservation of resources. Irrational consumption and over-exploitation of resources lead to many socioeconomic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems and to preserve resources for our future generation as well, proper management and conservation of resources is essential

Q9: What is resource planning? Write three phases of resource planning.

A9: Resource planning is a proper and judicious planning of resources. Resources are put to use according to availability and needs for development of the economy. Three processes which are involved in resource planning are: (a) Identification and inventory of resources across various regions of the country. It involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. (b) Evolving a planning structure, endowed with appropriate technological skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. (c) Synchronizing the resource development with overall national development plans.

Q10: Explain the role of human in resource development

A10: Human is at the centre of resource development. Actually all resources become resources only when they are put to use by humans. It is human who makes natural things usable with the help of technology. Had no technology been there, development would not have been possible. There are regions where natural resources are in abundance but the regions are not developed, e.g., Africa. But if humans are developed, they make the region developed with technology, e.g., Japan.

Q11: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing “ Resources and Development” case study questions?

A11: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science on our  website . Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.

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Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Resource and Development

September 4, 2021 by Prasanna

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Resource and Development Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science . Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development.

Learnintsa.com Committed to provides Extensive NCERT Solutions for  Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development, Students can read and score more marks in your CBSE board examination.

Resource and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 1

QUESTIONS OF 1 MARK

Answers should not exceed 30 words.

Question 1. What do you understand by Resource ? Answer: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.

Question 2. Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility. Answer: Renewable and non-renewable resources.

Question 3. Classify resources on the basis of development. Answer: Potential, developed stock and reserves.

Question 4. Give an example of Biotic resources. Answer: Human beings, flora and fauna are examples of biotic resources.

Question 5. What types of resources are solar and wind energy ? Answer: Solar and wind energy are renewable resources.

Question 6. Mention a non-renewable source that cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use. Answer: Fossil fuel.

Question 7. What do you understand by international resources ? Give example. Answer: These resources are regulated by international institutions. Examples are the oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no [ individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

Question 8. What are developed resources ? Answer: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility.

Question 9. Which are the results of using resources indiscriminately by human beings ? Mention any one. Answer:

• Accumulation of resources in a few hands.
• Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.

Question 10. What is sustainable development ? Answer: Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations’.

Question 11. What was the object of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992 ? Answer: The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.

Question 12. What is Agenda 21 ? Answer: It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nation’s Conference on Environment and Development which took place at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

Question 13. Which states in India are rich in minerals and coal deposits ? Answer: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 14. How did Gandhiji voice his concern about resource conservation ? Answer: Gandhiji said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.”

Question 15. What was the main reason for the colonial countries to exploit resources of countries under their control ? Answer: High level of technological development.

Question 16. Which report in 1987 introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ ? Answer: Brundtland Commission Report.

Question 17. How much area of land in India is plain and what is its importance ? Answer: About 43 per cent of the land area is plain. It provides facilities for agriculture and industry.

Question 18. What is the use of mountains ? Answer: Mountains ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.

Question 19. What is gross cropped area ? Answer: Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.

Question 20. What is total geographical area of India ? Answer: 3.28 million sq. km.

Question 21. When the National Forest Policy was formed in India ? Answer: 1952.

Question 22. How much degraded land is in India ? Answer: At present there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.

Question 23. Which are the factors that determine the use of land ? Answer: The factors are topography, climate, soil types, population, density, technological capability and culture and traditions.

Question 24. State factors responsible for land degradation. Answer: Overgrazing, mining, quarrying and deforestation.

Question 25. Which are the ways to solve the problems of land degradation ? Answer: Afforestation, proper management of grazing, control of mining activities etc.

Question 26. How mining is responsible for the degradation of land ? Answer: Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening.

Question 27. Mention the states where overgrazing and over-irrigation are responsible for degradation. Answer:

• Overgrazing – Gujarat, Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• Over-irrigation – Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh.

Question 28. Which part of India is made of alluvial soil ? Answer: The entire Northern Plains are made of alluvial soil.

Question 29. How are alluvial soils classified on the basis of their age ? Answer: According to their age alluvial soils can be classified as old alluvial soil — Bangar and new alluvial – Khadar.

Question 30. What is the other name of black soils ? Answer: Regur soils.

Question 31. Where are red and yellow soils found ? Answer: Red and yellow soils are found in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau, in parts of Orissa, Chattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.

Question 32. State one feature of laterite soils. Answer: The laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilisers.

Question 33. Which soil is suitable for production of Cashew Nut and where ? Answer: Red laterite soil in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala is suitable for the crop of cashew nuts.

Question 34. What is soil erosion ? Answer: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.

Question 35. Which are two causes for soil erosion ? Answer: Deforestation, overgrazing and mining activities.

Question 36. What are ravines ? Answer: The land that becomes unfit for cultivation is known as bad land. In the Chambal basin such lands are called ravines.

Question 37. What is the significance of the shelter belts in the desert in western India ? Answer: The shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in western India.

Question 38. What is the use of contour ploughing ? Answer: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.

Question 39. What is use of shelter belts ? Answer: Shelter belts contribute significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in western India.

QUESTIONS OF 3/4 MARKS

Answers should he in about 80/100 words.

Question 1. What is meant by resource ? Mention the four basis to classify the resources. Answer: (1) Resource : Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as resource. (2) Four basis to classify resources are as mentioned below :

• On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic.
• On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable.
• On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international.
• On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.

Question 2. Are resources free gifts of nature ? Answer: No. Resources are not free gifts of nature. Resources are a function of human activities. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.

Question 3. What are biotic and abiotic resources ? Give two examples for each. Answer: On the basis of origin resources are divided as given below :

• Biotic resources : These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries and livestock.
• Abiotic resources : All those things which are composed of non-living things are called aboitic resources e.g., rocks and metals.

Question 4. Explain the types of resources on the basis of exhaustibility by giving examples. Answer: On the basis of exhaustibility, the resources are of two types as mentioned below : (1) Renewable resources :

• These can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical process. Examples are solar and wind energy, water and forests.
• The renewable resources may further be divided into continuous or flow and biological,
• Continuous or flow resources are wind and water,
• Biological resources are vegetation (forests) and wildlife,
• These resources are available continuously.

(2) Non-renewable resources :

• They exhaust and take millions of years in their formation.
• Examples are minerals and fossil fuels,
• Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
• These resources cannot be regenerated.

Question 5. Provide a suitable classification for resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of any three types of such resources. Answer: These are divided as individual, community owned, national and international resources. (1) Individual resources :

• These are owned privately by individuals,
• Many farmers own land in the villages which is allotted to them by government against payment of revenue,
• Urban people .own plots, houses and other property,
• Plantation, pasture lands, ponds are also owned by individuals.

(2) Community owned resources :

• These are owned by community.
• These are accessible to all the members of the community,
•  Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds), public parks, picnic spots in urban areas are accessible to all the people living there.

(3) National resources :

• These are owned and belong to the nation or state,
• All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife land within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles (19.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources there-in belong to the nation.

(4) International resources : These do not belong to any country. Some of these resources are regulated by international institutions. Oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive. Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

Question 6. How are the resources divided on the basis of the status of development ? Give example of each type.                                  Or Differentiate between stock resources and reserves. Answer: These can be divided into four types :

(1) Potential resources : These are found in a region but have not been utilised, e.g., enormous potential for development of wind and solar energy in Rajasthan and Gujarat. But so far these have not been developed properly.

(2) Developed resources :

• Resources whose quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation.
• Their development depends on technology and their level of feasibility.

(3) Stock : Materials in the environment which can satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these e.g., two components of water — hydrogen and oxygen can be used as a rich source of energy but we, human beings, do not have technology to use them. Hence it is considered as stock.

(4) Reserves :

• These are the subset of the stock which can be used by present technology but their use has not been started fully.
• River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently it is being used only to a limited extent,
• Such resources can be used for meeting future requirements,
• Water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future.

Question 7. Highlight any three problems associated with the indiscriminate use of resources by the human beings. Answer: The indiscriminate use of resources by the human beings has resulted in the following :

• Accumulation of resources in few hands which has divided the society into rich and poor or have and have nots.
• Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation. Thus, an equitable distribution of resources has become essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by some individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger.

Question 8. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development ? Explain. Answer: Sustainable development means that a development should meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type and levels of development are not sustainable. The issue of sustainable development has emerged from rapid industrialisation of the world in the past century. It is felt that the economic growth and industrialisation have led to reckless exploitation of natural resources. On the other hand, the stock of natural resources are limited. So, the growth of all countries in future is likely to be endangered if the limited resources are completely exhausted. Under these circumstances, the issue of sustainability has become important for development.

Question 9. Write a note on the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit 1992. Answer: (1) Place : In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil for the first International Earth Summit. (2) Objective : The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. (3) Achievements :

• The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity,
• The Rio convention endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.

Question 10. Explain Agenda 21. Answer:

• Declaration : It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) which took place at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
• It aims at achieving global sustainable development.
• It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation on common interest, mutual needs and shared responsibilities,
• One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

Question 11. Explain the consequences of indiscriminate use of resources by human beings. How has the indiscriminate use of resources led to the necessity of resource development or resource planning ?                                              Or Why is it essential to have resource planning ? Explain with reasons. Answer:

• Development of resources or resource development implies not only exploitation, but also preservation and reuse. In case of natural resources, at the time of using them, their nature, type and the size of their reserve should be considered. These should not be used indiscriminately. Therefore, an equitable distribution of resources is necessary for a sustained quality of life and global peace. The resources must not be put to wrong use. This may lead to their depletion.
• Some resources like coal and petroleum are available in limited quantity. If they are continued to be used at the present rate, they would not be left for the future generations.
• Accumulation of resources in a few hands has also restricted equitable access to the resources. Thus, in view of above factors resource planning is necessary.

Question 12. “In India some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Do you agree with the statement ? Support your answer with any three examples. Answer: (1) I agree with the statement that in India some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources as mentioned below :

• Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh – rich in minerals and coal deposits.
• Arunachal Pradesh – abundance of water resources.
• Rajasthan — lot of solar and wind energy.
• Ladakh – rich cultural heritage.

(2) There is great variation in the availability of resources. Some regions are rich in one resource but deficient in other, as mentioned below : 

• Arunachal Pradesh – Lack of infrastructural development.
• Rajasthan – Lack of water resources.
• Ladakh – Deficient in water, infrastructure and vital minerals.

(3) There is lack of technology in some regions. Thus there are regions that are rich in resources but these are included in economically backward regions.

Question 13. Explain the three stages of Resource Planning in India. [CBSE 2016-17] Answer: Three stages of Resource Planning in India are as given below :

• Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of resources.
• Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
• Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Question 14. How did Gandhiji voice his concern about resource conservation ? Explain. [CBSE 2016-17]                                                  Or What is conservation ? Why is conservation of resources necessary ? What are the views of Gandhiji about resource conservation ? Answer: (1) Conservation is defined as the management of resources by human beings in a judicious and planned way without disturbing environment. (2) It is necessary due to the following reasons :

• We have limited quantity of resources.
• Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
• It is also required for sustainable development.

(3) Gandhiji said, ‘There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed’. He stated that the root cause for resource depletion at the global level was the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. He was against mass production and was in favour of the production by the masses.

Question 15. Describe the relief features of land in India and their importance. Answer: India has a variety of relief features of land i.e., mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.

• 43 per cent of land is plain. It is useful for agriculture and industry.
• 30 per cent of the total land area is mountainous which ensures perennial flow of some rivers. The mountains provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
• 27 per cent area is plateau region which possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

Question 16. How are land resources used ? Answer: Land resources are used for the following purposes :

• Barren and wasteland.
• Land put to non-agricultural uses e.g., buildings, roads and factories etc.
• Permanent pastures and grazing land.
• Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (not included in net sown area).
• Culturable wasteland (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
• Current fallow (left without cultivation for Ghe or less than one agricultural year).
• Other than current fallow (left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).
• Net sown area : Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.

Question 17. Explain causes for land degradation.                                                       Or Explain any four human activities which are mainly responsible for land degradation in India. Answer: (1) At present there is about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India as mentioned below :

• Forest degraded area — 28%
• Water eroded area — 56%
• Wind eroded area — 10%
• Saline and Alkaline land — 6%

(2) Following factors/human factors are responsible for land degradation in India :

• Mining : Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over burdening.
• Deforestation : In states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.
• Overgrazing : In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is the main reason for land degradation.
• Over-irrigation : In the states of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
• The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry generate dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into soil after it settles down on the land. Thus industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Question 18. What are the ways to solve the problem of land degradation ? Answer: There are many ways to solve the problem of land degradation. These are as given below :

• Afforestation – Plantation of trees should be encouraged.
• Proper management of grazing – Separate sites should be fixed for grazing.
• Planting of shelter belts of plants.
• Control on overgrazing – Rules for grazing should be framed.
• Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes to stop land degradation.
• Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment in industrial and suburban areas.

Question 19. Explain any three factors responsible for the formation of soil.                             Or Give the importance of soil. Explain factors responsible for soil formation. Answer: (1) Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organism on the earth. (2)

• The soil is a living system. It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few centimeter in depth.
• Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
•  Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers contribute to the formation of soil.
• Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
• Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

Question 20. How are alluvial soils formed ? How is Bangar different from Khadar ? Answer:

• Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition by three important Himalayan river systems – The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
• The Bangar is the old alluvial soil. It is less fertile because it has higher concentration of kankar nodules. The Khadar is the new alluvial soil. It has more fine particles and is more fertile than the bangar.

Question 21. Describe features of alluvial soils. Name the places where these are found in India. Answer: (1) The features of the alluvial soils are explained as below :

• The alluvial soils consist of sand, silt and clay,
• These soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime,
• These soils are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops,
• Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and need proper treatment and irrigation,
• These soils are of two types – old alluvial soil known as bangar and new alluvial soil known as khadar.

(2) Places : These soils are found in the entire northern plains, Rajasthan, Gujarat (a narrow corridor), eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.

Question 22. What broad category do the soils of Maharashtra fall ?                          Or Mention three characteristics of black soil.                          Or Describe the features of black soil. Name the places where it is found in India. Answer: Black soil (1) Features :

• This soil is black in colour,
• It is also known as regur soil.
• It is ideal for growing cotton and is known as black cotton soil also,
•  It is believed that climatic condition along with parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil,
• It is made of clayey material,
• It can hold moisture,
• It is rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime,
• It is poor in phosphoric contents, It develops deep cracks during hot weather which helps in the proper aeration of the soil,
• These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period.

(2) Places : It is found in Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over northwest Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, and extend in the south-east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.

Question 23. Describe the features of red and yellow soils. Mention the places where they are found in India. Answer: Red and yellow soils : (1) Features :

• These soils develop reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks,
• It looks yellow in a hydrated form.
• They are highly porous and fertile when they are fine grained and deep.

(2) Places : Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. They are also found in parts of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.

Question 24. Describe features of laterite soil. Mention the places where they are found in India. Answer: Laterite soil : (1) Features :

• Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’ which means brick. It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall
• Humus content of the soil is low.
• They lack in elements of fertility and are of low value for crop production,
• They are composed of little clay and much gravel of red sandstones,
• They are suitable for cultivation with manures and fertilizers

(2) Places :

• They are found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam,
• After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques particularly in the hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, this soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee,
• Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.

Question 25. Describe the features of Arid soils and Forest soils. Mention the places where they are found in India. Answer: (1) Arid soils :

• They range from red to brown in colour.
• They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature,
• In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture,
• The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by kankar because of increasing calcium content downward.
• These soils can become cultivable if irrigation facilities are made available as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
• These soils are found in arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.

(2) Forest soils :

• They are found in mountainous area,
• They are loamy and silty in valley slides and coarse grained in the upper slopes,
• In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas they are acidic with low humus content.
• Places : They are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. These places are Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. The soils found in the lower parts of the valleys particularly on the river terraces and alluvial fans are fertile.

Question 26. What is soil erosion ? Write human activities that lead to soil erosion.                           Or Describe the causes for soil erosion. Answer:

• Soil erosion : The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
• The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In Chambal basin such lands are called ravines.
• Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope and washes away the top soil. It is known as sheet erosion.
• When wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land, it is known as wind erosion.
• Soil erosion is also caused by ploughing in a wrong way i.e., up and down the slope from channels for the quick flow of water leading is soil erosion.

Question 27. Describe measures of soil conservation. Answer: The measures for soil conservation are as follows :

• Contour ploughing i.e., ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
• Terrace cultivation : Steps are cut on the slopes making terraces which restrict erosion. It is done in western and central Himalayas.
• Strip cropping : It divides large fields into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
• Planting of trees to create shelters are called shelter belts. These shelter belts help in stabilising the desert in western India.

Question 28. What is the state of India’s environment as depicted by the village Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua ?                                            Or Describe state of India’s environment with reference to village Sukhomajri and district Jhabua. Answer:

• The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation by plantation of trees. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,272 per hectare in 1992.
• Regeneration of the environment has led to economic well-being of the people. The annual average household income in Sukhomajri ranged from ? 10,000-15,000 between 1979 and 1984. This was due to greater resource availability, improved agriculture and animal care.
• Madhya Pradesh government has made people the decision-makers because their participation is essential for ecological restoration. Thus, 2.9 million hectares or 1 per cent of India’s land area are being greened across the state through watershed management.

MAP QUESTION

Question 1. On the map of India show the places where different types of soils are found. Answer: The different types of soils are found as mentioned below :

• Alluvial soils : Entire northern plains, Rajasthan and Gujarat in a narrow corridor, eastern coastal plains in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
• Black soils : Deccan trap (Basalt) region i.e., plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and extend in the southeast direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
• Red and yellow soils : Red soils are found in eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are found in parts of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga Plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
• Laterite soils : Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
• Arid soils : Western Rajasthan.
• Forest soils : Areas of Himalayas – the soils on lower parts of the valleys on the river terraces are fertile.

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NCERT Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Table of Contents

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development are given here.

NCERT Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 Resources and Development MCQs

1. Multiple choice questions 

(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore? (a)  Renewable (b) Biotic (c) Flow (d) Non-renewable

Answer: (d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put? (a) Replenishable (b) Human-made (c) Abiotic (d) Non-recyclable

Answer: (a) Replenishable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (a) Intensive cultivation (b) Deforestation (c) Over irrigation (d) Overgrazing

Answer: (c) Over irrigation

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised? (a) Punjab (b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh (c) Haryana (d) Uttarakhand

Answer: (d) Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states is black soil found? (a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Gujarat (c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand

Answer: (b) Gujarat

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Answer: (i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil.  Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

(ii) Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.

Three features of alluvial soil are:

• Alluvial soils are very fertile.
• They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.
• The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

(iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines, making use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water.

(iv) Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. For example, animals and plants including human beings.

Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words. 

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Answer: (i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, pasture and grazing land, and wasteland. Wasteland includes rocky, arid and desert areas and land used for non-agricultural purposes like housing, roads, industry, etc.

According to recent data available, the percentage of net sown area (NSA) in India is about 54% of the total reporting area (if, the other than current fallow lands is included). 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is a wasteland, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.

Improper use of forest land has led to land degradation and made conservation of forests difficult. Human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, mining, quarrying, etc have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

(ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources on account of various factors such as:

• Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, production increases ultimately leading to consumption of more resources.
• Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again results into more consumption of resources.
• Economic development provides favourable environment for the development of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around us into resources. Finally, it results into the consumption of new available resources too.

NCERT Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 Resources and Development Extra Questions

Very short answer type questions.

1. What is a Resource? Give two examples.

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Coal, water, air, minerals etc. are some examples of resource.

2. What is the role of humans in resource development ?

Answer:  (i) Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (ii) Human beings transfer material available in our environment into resource and use them.

3. How can the resources be classified on the basis of origin ? [NCERT 2010] Answer:  Biotic and Abiotic.

4. What are abiotic resources? [NCERT 2014] Answer:  All those things which are composed of non – living things are called abiotic resources.

5. A gas reserve has been discovered in an Ocean. The reserve is 19 km from the coast of the nation. Will it be considered an international resource or a national resource. Answer:  All the resources upto 12 nautical miles (19.2 km) from the coast are termed as national resources. So this will be a national resource.

6. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. Who said these words? Answer:  Mahatma Gandhi

7. It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning”. Give reason. Answer:  Because land is an asset of a finite magnitude.

8. How can the resources be divided on the basis of exhaustibility? Answer:  Renewable and Non-renewable.

9. Classify the following resources as biotic and abiotic. (i) Metals (ii) Fauna

Answer:  (i) Metals – abiotic (ii) Fauna – biotic

10. Give a single word for the following : (i) Materials which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology. (ii) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes. Answer:  (i) Stock (ii) Renewable

11. Name any two states of India which are well endowed with solar energy. Answer:  Gujarat and Rajasthan.

12. Name any two factors on which resource development depends. Answer:  (i) Technology (ii) Quality of human resources.

13. What is total geographical area of India? Answer:  3.28 million s km.

14. Mention any two factors which determines the land use pattern of a nation. Answer:  (i) Topography (ii) Population

15. What is wasteland? Answer:  An unused area of land like rocky, arid and desert areas.

16. What is net sown area? [NCERT 2014] Answer:  Area sown once a year is known as net sown area.

17. What is gross sown area? Answer:  This represents the total sown area once/or more than once in a particular year i.e. the area is counted as many as times as there are sowings in a year.

18. Name any two states which have high percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Punjab and Haryana

19. Name any two states Which have very low percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram

20. How much degraded land is present in India ?  Answer:  130 million hectares.

21. Name any two states where over grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Madhya Pradesh (ii) Rajasthan

22. What are biotic resources? [NCERT 2014] Answer:  These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.

23. Name any two states where over irrigation is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Punjab (ii) Haryana

24. Name any two states where mining is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.

25. How over-irrigation leads to land degradation? Answer:  Over-irrigation degrades land due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity of the soil.

26. How can land degradation be checked in Rajasthan as the state is having arid soil? Mention any two methods. Answer:  (i) Control on over grazing. (ii) Stabilisation of sand dunes.

27. Suggest any two ways to check land degradation. [NCERT 2013, 14] Answer:  (i) Afforestation (ii) Proper management of grazing

28. Mention any two factors which have contributed in the development of various types of soils. Answer:  (i) Varied relief features. (ii) Varied climatic conditions.

29. ‘The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soils. Name the rivers due to which the soils have been deposited. Answer:  The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

30. How can the alluvial soil be classified according to their age ? Answer:  (i) Khadar (ii) Bangar

31. Out of Khadar and Bangar soil which is more fertile ? Give one reason. Answer:  Khadar soil is more fertile because it has more fine particles.

32. Name any two minerals present in alluvial soil which makes it ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereals. Answer:  Potash and lime.

33. Name one important crop cultivated in : (i) Alluvial soil (ii) Black-soil Answer:  (i) Alluvial – Wheat (ii) Black – Cotton.

34. Which soil is ideal for growing cotton ? [NCERT 2014] Answer:  Black soil.

35. Which soil is well known for their capacity to hold moisture ? Give reason. Answer:  Black soil. Because black soil is made up of extremely fine clayey material.

36. Name a mineral in which the black soil is poor. Answer:  Phosphoric contents.

37. Why black soil is tilled immediately after the first shower ? Answer:  These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on.

38. Name the soil which develops on crystalline igneous rocks. Answer:  Red soil.

39. ‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’. What does the term later mean? Answer:  Brick.

40. The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels. What are they called?

Answer:  Gully erosion.

41. Which state has mostly laterite soil? Answer:  Karnataka.

42. Which soil types is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rainfall? Answer:  Laterite soil.

43. Name the soil which develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Answer:  Laterite soil.

44. Name any two crops associated with laterite soil. Answer: Tea and coffee.

45. Which soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature? Answer:  Arid soils.

46. ‘The lower horizon of the arid soils are occupied by kankar’. Give reason. Answer:  This is because of increasing calcium content downwards.

47. Name any two natural factors which are responsible for soil erosion. Answer:  Wind and glacier.

48. By which name is the bad land known in chambal basin? Answer:  Ravines.

49. What is sheet erosion? Answer:  When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by running water, it is called sheet erosion.

50. What is wind erosion? Answer:  Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land. This is known as wind erosion.

51. What is contour ploughing? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines is known as contour ploughing.

52. How contour ploughing helps in the soil conservation? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of water down the slopes.

53. What are shelter belts? Answer:  Rows of trees which are planted in between the crops are known as shelter belts.

54. How shelter belts help in file conservation of soil? Answer:  The shelter belts break up the force of the wind.

55. Name a method which has contributed significantly in soil conservation in western India. Answer:  Shelter belts.

56. What is net sown area? What percentage of total area is under net sown area in India? Answer: Area sown once in a year is known as net sown area. In 2008-2009, 46.24% of India’s area was under net sown area.

57. What is gross sown area? Answer:  Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross sown area.

58. Which soils is the most widely spread in India? Answer:  Alluvial soil.

59. What is bad land? Answer:  It is a land which is unsuitable for cultivation. Mainly soil erosion converts a fertile land into a bad land.

60. What is gully erosion? Answer:  Gully erosion takes place when running water cuts deep ravines in the absence of vegetation. This type of erosion makes soil unfit for cultivation.

61. What is strip cropping? Answer:  Under strip cropping large fields are divided into strips and different types of crops are grown on alternative strips along contours or across the prevailing direction of winds. This breaks up the force of the wind.

62. Mention any two man-made and two natural factors responsible for land degradation. [NCERT 2014]

Answer:  (i) Man-made: Deforestation, over- grazing, mining, quarrying. (ii) Natural: Water logging, wind, running water

63. Name any four minerals in which the black soil is rich. Answer:  (i) Calcium carbonate (ii) Magnesium (iii) Potash (iv) Lime

64. What is leaching? Name the soils which develop due to leaching. Answer: Leaching is a process by which the nutrients in the soil are washed away by heavy rains. Laterite soils develop due to leaching.

65. Mention any four proper farming technique which can be helpful in conservation of soil. Answer:  (a) Strip cropping (b) Shelter belt (c) Contour ploughing (d) Terracing

66. State two disadvantages of the red soil. Answer:  (i) The soil lacks in nitrogen, organic and phosphoric acid contents and is less fertile. (ii) Red soils are porous in nature but not retentive to moisture.

67. ‘It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning’. Give reason. Answer:  Because it is an asset of a finite magnitude.

68. Mention the various forces of nature which contribute to the formation of soil. Answer:  Change in temperature, action of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Examples, coal, water, air, minerals, etc.

2. What is the importance of natural resource? Why is it necessary to conserve them?

Answer:  Resources are important for the development of any country. For example, fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are important for industrial development, etc. Necessary to conserve resources because: (i) Their irrational consumption and over utilisation have led to socio-economic and environmental problems. (ii) It takes million of years for the formation of natural resources. (iii) Natural resources are available in fixed quantity and they are non – renewable.

3. What are the ways to classify resources?

Answer:  (i) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic. (ii) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable. (iii) On the basis of ownership-individual, community, national and international. (iv) On the basis of the state of development- potential, developed and stock.

4. What is the role of humans in resource development ? [NCERT 2014] Or Explain the role of humans in resource development. [NCERT Sept. 2010, 2011],

Answer:  (i) Resources are function of human activities. (ii) Human beings interact with-nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (iii) Human beings transfer materials available in our environment into resource, and use them. (iv) For example, river is a natural endowment and it becomes resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

5. What are renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.

 6. What are non renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use. For example, coal, bauxite.

7. What are individual resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, house, car, book, etc. are some examples of individual resources.

8. What are community owned resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which are accessible to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc. are some examples of community resources.

9. What are national resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even private property. For example, Indian railway, Bhakra dam.

10. What are potential resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.

11. What are developed resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of 2,47,847 million tones of coal resources.

12. What is stock? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but could not be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases i.e., hydrogen and oxygen but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

13. What are reserves? Explain with examples.

Answer:  Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

14. “Planning of resources is very important for a country like India”. Justify by giving three reasons.

Answer:  (i) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are many regions which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in some other resources. (ii) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits but lacks in infrastructural development. (iii) The states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are rich in soil but lacks minerals.

15. ‘The availability of resources is the only condition for the development of any region’. What is your opinion on the statement? Explain. Or Mention any three necessary conditions for the development of resources.

Answer:  (i) Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. (ii) There is need for quality of human resources i.e., skilled workers who can convert natural resources into more useable form. (iii) There is also a need for capital which is required to develop technology.

16. Explain the relationship between nature, technology and institutions.

Answer:  Nature contains resources. These resources are converted into usable form with the help of technology. Human beings interact with nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

17. ‘India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.’ Explain. Or “India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Support your answer with examples. [NCERT Sept. 2012, 2014] 

Answer:  (i) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lack industrialisation. (ii) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of transportation and communication. (iii) Most of North-Eastern states are rich in natural vegetation but lacks in fertile soil.

18. Study the following data carefully and answer the questions that follow: LAND FEATURES OF INDIA Land Features Area Covered (in percentage) (i) Plains 43%  (ii) Mountains 30%  (iii) Plateaus 27%  Total 100%  (i) Name the land feature which occupies the highest surface area of India. (ii) Give two advantages of the above land feature.

Answer:  (i) The plains (43%) occupy the highest surface area of India. (ii) (a) The plains provide opportunity for crop farming. (b) The plains have good climatic conditions for human habitation.

19. How over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation? Or How is over-irrigation responsible for land degradation? Which states of India face this problem? [NCERT 2013]

Answer:  Over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation as : (i) Over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Water logging is a major issue in Punjab, Haryana, UR (ii) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.

20. Explain the major factors which are responsible for the formation of soil. [NCERT 2009 (O), Sept. 2011] Or Explain any three factors responsible for the formation of soil. [NCERT 2013]

Answer:  (i) Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil. (ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc. contribute to the formation of soil. (iii) Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important. (iv) Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

21. Mention the criteria on the basis of which Indian soils can be classified.

Answer:  (i) Factors responsible for soil formation. (ii) Colour (iii) Thickness (iv) Texture (v) Age (vi) Chemical and Physical properties.

22. Explain the distribution of alluvial soils.

Answer:  (i) This is the most widely spread and important soil of India. (ii)These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. (iii)Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and Kaveri rivers.

23. With reference to alluvial soil answer the following questions- (i) How is it classified on the basis of its age? (ii) Alluvial soil as a whole is very fertile. Give reasons.

Answer:  (i) On the basis of age alluvial soil is classified as Bangar and Khadar. (ii) Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.

24. Explain the distribution of black soil.

Answer:  (i) Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau. (ii) They cover the plateau of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. (iii) They are also found in the Godavari and Krishna valleys.

25. Which soil is considered ideal for growing cotton? How is the soil formed?

Answer:  Black soil. These soils have been formed due to the weathering of the lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan Plateau and different climatic conditions.

26. (I) Which soils develop on crystalline igneous rocks? (ii) Why do the soils develop a reddish colour? (iii) Name any two states where this soil is found.

Answer:  (i) Red soil (ii) The soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron crystalline and metamorphic rocks. (iii) Odisha and Chhattisgarh

27. Mention the factors on which the land- use pattern of India depends upon. [NCERT Sept. 2012]

Answer:  The use of land is determined by physical as well as human factors. (i) Physical factors: Topography, climate and soil types. (ii) Human factors: Population density, technological capability, culture and traditions.

28. (i) ‘Humus content of the laterite soil is very low.’ Explain by giving two reasons. (ii) Mention any two crops associated with the soil.

Answer:  (i) (a) The soil is formed due to intense leaching. So the nutrients of the soil are washed away by heavy rains. (b) The soil is formed in the regions of high temperature. So most of the microorganisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed. (ii) Tea and Coffee.

29. (i) ‘The arid soil lacks humus and moisture.’ Explain. (ii) Name any two states where this soil is formed.

Answer:  (i) The arid soil is found in dry climatic conditions. Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture. (ii) Rajasthan and Gujarat

30. What is soil erosion? Name any four states which have been affected by gully erosion.

Answer:  The removal of soil by the forces of nature, particularly wind and water is called soil erosion. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.

31. How does the soil of the Ganga-Yamuna plain differ from that of central Maharashtra?

Answer:  The Ganga-Yamuna plain has alluvial soils, whereas the central Maharashtra has black soils. The alluvial soils are formed by the depositional work of rivers in the river ualleys, flood plains and deltas. The black soils develop from volcanic rocks from where the lava flows.

32. What are the causes of soil erosion in : (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India. (iii) Arid regions of India.

Answer:  (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas : Destruction of vegetation is the main cause of soil erosion in hilly areas because when vegetation is removed, the soil surface becomes loose, and is more easily removed by the running water. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India : Heavy rainfall which leads to frequent floods is responsible for soil erosion. (iii) Arid regions of India : In deserts and dry regions, where there is little or no vegetation, wind is the most powerful agent of soil erosion, blowing away fine particles of sand depositing them in other areas making both the areas unproductive.

33. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it be checked? Explain. [NCERT 2012] Answer:  Large scale over-grazing has caused severe land degradation. Measures to check : (i)Afforestation and proper management of grazing. (ii)Planting of shelter belts. (iii)Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. (iv) Control on overgrazing.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. What is resource planning? Mention the steps which are involved in resource planning. [NCERT 2009 (F); Sept. 2010, 14] Or Explain the three steps involved in the resource planning in India. [NCERT Sept. 20W] Or What are the three stages of resource planning in India?

Answer:  “Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources. ” Resource planning is a complex process which involves : (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

2. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility. [NCERT 2009 (D), Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer:  (i) Renewable resources: “Renewable resources are the natural resources which can be used again and again or can be reproduced by physical, mechanical and chemical processes.” Solar energy, air, water and soil are some of the renewable resources of energy.

(ii) Non-renewable resources: “Non renewable resources are the natural resources that cannot be replaced at all or within a reasonable time.” Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are examples of non renewable resources. These resources are accumulated over millions of years. They are considered to be non-renewable resources because once they are used up, they are gone forever.

3. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership. [NCERT 2009 (O), 2014] Or Explain what is meant by national resources and individual resources. [NCERT Sept. 2010, 2014]

Answer:  (a) Individual Resources: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, houses, cars, books, etc., are some examples of individual resources.

(b) Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible .to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc., are some examples of community resources.

(c) National Resources: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even the private properties.

(d) International Resources: These resources are owned and regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean, and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions. India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone.

4. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of the state of development. [NCERT 2008] Or Distinguish between stock resources and reserve resources. [NCERT Sept. 2010,12]

Answer: (i) Potential Resources : Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example: the western parts of India, particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far, these have not been developed properly.

(ii) Developed Resources : These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and the level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of about 2,47,847 million tonnes of coal resources.

(iii) Stock : These are the materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but cannot be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen, but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

(iv) Reserves : These are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the existing technology, but their uses have been postponed keeping in mind the needs of the future generations. For example, India has sufficient amount of forests to fulfil the needs of the present generation, but they are being protected for the future generations.

5. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance ? Explain with four facts. [NCERT 2008 (O), 2012, 2013] Or “Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.” Elaborate the statement with the help of suitable examples highlighting the value of land resource. [NCERT 2013]

Answer: Land is an important natural resource, because : (i)All economic activities are performed on land. (ii)It supports natural vegetation and wildlife. (iii)Most of the minerals are formed in land. (iv)It is used for transport and communication system.

6. Which is the most widely spread and important soil of India? State any six characteristics of this type of soil. [NCERT 2008 (F), Sept. 2010] Or Mention any four characteristics of alluvial soils. Or How are alluvial soils formed? How is Bangar different from Khadar? [NCERT 2012]

Answer:   Characteristics of the Alluvial soil are :

(i) Alluvial soils are transported soils. Most of the soils are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Thus, the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.

(ii) These soils consist of varying proportion of sand, silt and clay. In the upper course of the river, the soil is coarse. In the middle course, it is medium, and fine grained in the lower course.

(iii) Apart from the size of their grains or particles, soils are described according to their age as well. They are old alluvium and new alluvium. Locally, the old alluvium is called ‘Bhangar’ and the new alluvium is called ‘Khadar’.

(iv) The old alluvium often contains ‘kankar, nodules, with calcium carbonates in the sub-soil. The new alluvium is more fertile than the old alluvium.

7. Which soil is called ‘regur soil? Mention any four characteristics of this type of soil. [NCERT 2009 (F), Sept. 2010, 2012, 2013] 

Answer: (i) These have been formed due to withering of lava. (if) The black soils are made of extremely fine materials, i.e., clayey materials. (iii)These soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime. (iv)These soils are generally poor in phosphoric content. (v)The soil is well known for its capacity to hold moisture.

8. How is red soil formed? Mention its three characteristics. [NCERT Sept. 2010] Or How does red soil develop? What makes it look red and yellow? [NCERT 2014] 

Answer:  Formation : Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks. Characteristics/Features : (i) Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands. They consist of loose gravels and highly coarse materials. (ii) The colour of these soils is generally red, often grading into brown, chocolate or yellow. The red colour is due to wide diffusion rather than high percentage of iron content. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form. (iii) Soils are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous materials but are fairly rich in potash. But crops are cultivated with the use of fertilizers.

9. Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cotton? [NCERT 2012, 2013] 

Answer:  (1) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc. along with present rock material are important factors for making of black soil. The parent rock is volcanic rock.

(2) It is ideal for growing cotton because: (i)It has capacity to hold moisture. (ii)They are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. (iii)This soil is also known as black cotton soil, (iv) They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which help in the proper aeration of the soil.

10. How is mountain soil (forest soil) formed? Mention any four characteristics of forest soil. .

Answer:  Formation: The soils are formed due to mechanical weathering caused by snow, rain, temperature variation, etc. Characteristics/Features: (i) These soils are heterogeneous in nature, and their character changes with mountainous environment and altitude. (ii) The soils are very rich in humus, but are deficient in potash, phosphorus and lime. (iii) The soils are especially suitable for plantation of tea, coffee, spices and tropical fruits. (iv) The soil is loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. It is acidic with low humus content in the snow covered areas. It is fertile in the lower parts of the valleys.

11. Mention any four features of the arid soils. Or Name the soil type which is widely found in Western Rajasthan. Explain two important characteristics of this soil type which make it unsuitable for cultivation. [NCERT 2012]

Answer:  Arid soil is widely found in Western Rajasthan. (i) The soil ranges red to brown in colour. (ii) The soils contain considerable amount of soluble salts. (iii) The soils contain a low percentage of organic matter due to dry climate and absence of vegetation. (iv) The soil is alkaline in nature as there is no rainfall to wash soluble salts. (v) The lower horizon of the soil is occupied by ‘kankar’ because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The ‘kankar’ layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. (vi) The soils are infertile but with irrigation and fertilizers, the drought resistant and salt tolerant dry crops such as barley, cotton, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, etc., are grown. (Any Four)

12. Explain the formation and important features of the laterite soil. [NCERT 2013, 14]

Answer:  Formation: It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains. Features : (i) The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture. (ii) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements, the laterite soils lack fertility, and are not suitable for cultivation. But when the soils are manured and irrigated, some crops can be cultivated. (iii) As the soils are indefinitely durable, so they provide valuable building materials.

13. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India. [NCERT Sept. 2010]

Answer:  “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.” Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors.

Types of Soil Erosion : (a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water.

(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion.

(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape. Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree. This is called as rill erosion.

(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies. The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots. Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography. Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines.

(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area. The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding.

14. Give reasons : (i) Alluvial soil can hold moisture, and is very fertile. (ii) Black soil needs to be tilled after the first rain. (iii) Red soil is ideal for dry farming. (iv) The percentage of organic matter in desert soil is very low. (v) Red soil is less fertile.

Answer:  (i) Because the alluvial soil is made up of fine particles. The soil is very fertile because it is rich in mineral nutrients like potash and lime. (ii) The soil is sticky, and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first rain. (iii) Because it does not require much moisture. (iv) Because of the dry climate and absence of vegetation. (v) Because it is deficient in phosphorus, nitrogen, lime and humus.

15. Name two important crops associated with the following types of soil : (a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Desert soil (d) Laterite soil

Answer:  (a) Alluvial: Wheat and rice. (b) Black: Cotton and sugarcane. (c) Desert: Barley and ragi. (d) Laterite: Coffee and tea.

16. Explain the land-use pattern of India.

Answer: (i) The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities. This is not a healthy trend, and must be checked. The steps taken by government has resulted in increase of net sown area to 47% in 2005-06.

(ii) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana, and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iii) The area under forests has increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-03 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.

(iv) The land under permanent pasture is very low, i.e., only 3.45% (Fallen to 3%). This shows the tremendous pressure of livestock population on agricultural land. Cattle are reared mainly on the farm wastes, grain chaff and a few fodder crops.

(v) Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence agriculture is being replaced by commercial agriculture.

(vi) A part of the land is termed as waste land, and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land put to other non- agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc.

17. Explain any four proper fanning techniques which can be used for soil conservation. Or Suggest any three measures of soil conservation. [NCERT Sept. 2010, 2011] Or What is soil conservation? Explain any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions. [NCERT 2013, 14]

Answer:  Soil conservation includes all those measures which help in protecting the soil from erosion or degradation.

(i) Crop rotation : If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes certain nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can check this type of erosion.

(ii) Settled agriculture : Checking and reducing shifting agriculture by persuading the tribal people to switch over to settled agriculture.

(iii) Terracing and contour bunding : Terracing and contour bunding across the hill slopes is a very effective, and one of the oldest methods of soil conservation. Hill slope is cut into a number of terraces having horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front. Contour bunding involves the construction of bank along the contour.

(iv) Strip cropping : Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

(v) Shelter Belt : Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in western India.

HOTS Questions and Answers

1. Do you think that resources are free gifts of nature as is assumed by many? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments. [NCERT 2012]

Answer:  They are not free gifts of nature as : (i) Resources are a function of human activities, (ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. (iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them. For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

2. What is the importance of natural resources? [NCERT 2014]

Answer: (i) Resources are used to satisfy human wants. (ii) Resources are base for economic development for example water, fossil fuel, solar energy is required for power production. (iii) Resources are vital for human survival as well as maintaining the quality of life. (iv) Land which is a natural resource support natural vegetation, wild life, human life and all economic activities. (v) Water which is another natural resource is essential for human, plant and wild life.

3. “India has land under a variety of relief features.” Justify. [NCERT 2014] Or What are the main advantages of India’s land under a variety of relief features? [NCERT 2010, 2011]

Answer:  India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. (i) About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. (ii) Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area. They ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. (iii) About 27 per cent of the land area is plateau. It possesses reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

4. Discuss the problems which have been caused due to over-utilisation of resources. Suggest any two ways to save the resources. Or “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems”. Justify the statement in three points. [GBSE 2012, 14]

Answer:  (I) Depletion of resources : Over-utilisation has led to the depletion of the resources for meeting the greed of a few individuals. For example, over-utilisation of petroleum products has led to a situation where most of the countries of the world are facing energy crisis.

(ii) Concentration of resources: This has divided the society into ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ or the rich and the poor.

(iii) Global ecological crisis : Over utilisation of resources has led to the global ecological crisis such as global warming, depletion of ozone layer, pollution and land degradation.

Suggestions : (i) Minimising wastage. (ii) Use of renewable resources.

5. “The earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss. [NCERT 2013]

Answer:  (i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity. (ii) The irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to socio economic and environmental problems. (iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources led to global ecological crises such as global warming, environmental pollution, etc (iv) The greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modem technology is the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. (v) If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger. (vi) There is need for sustainable development. It means development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present shout not compromise with the need of future generations’.

6. Why is there a need to conserve resources? What was Gandhiji’s opinion regarding the conservation of resources? [NCERT Sept. 2012] Or Explain the importance of conservation of resources. [NCERT Sept. 2010, 2011,2014] Or Why is it essential to have resource planning? Give three reasons. [NCERT 2014]

Answer:  (i) Limited supply : Most of the resources have limited supply as compared to their demand for example supply of fossil fuels is limited.

(ii) Pollution and global warming : Overutilisation of natural resources may lead to environmental pollution for example over use of fossil fuel is a major factor responsible for global warming.

(iii) Socio economic problem : The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation. He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need, and not for anybody’s greed. ” According to him, they were the greedy and selfish individuals who were responsible for depletion of resources. He was in favour of producing for the masses than mass production.

7. Why is there a need for resource planning? What can happen if we don’t follow the principle of resource planning?

Answer:  (i) Most of the resources are limited in supply. (ii) Most of the resources are unevenly distributed over the country. (iii) Overutilisation of the resources may lead to pollution of the environment. (iv) There is a need to plan the human resources because only then we would be able to develop our natural resources. Effects : (i) Energy crisis (ii) Global warming

8. Explain any four reasons responsible for land degradation in India. Or Explain any four human activities which are mainly responsible for land degradation in India. Give any two suggestions to check land degradation. [NCERT 2014]

Answer:  (i) Mining : Mining is one of the major factors responsible for land degradation. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.

(ii) Overgrazing : During the long dry period, grass is grazed to the ground and torn out by the roots by animals. This leads to loosening of soil and it is easily washed away by rains. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.

(iii) Overirrigation : In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

(iv) Processing of minerals : The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Suggestions : (i) Plant more trees (ii) We should not waste paper.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Download chapter-wise ncert solutions for class 10 geography.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography are important resources for board exam preparation. For most students, scoring marks in Geography is easy, as 70 to 80% of the questions appearing in exams are asked directly from NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook. So, to help them prepare better for the exam, we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10  Geography.

Students can have a look at the chapter-wise solutions of Geography – Contemporary India II from the table below. These NCERT Solutions provide the answers to all exercise questions. These answers will provide in-depth knowledge of each chapter and important topics. To access these solutions, click the links below.

Overview of CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapters

There are a total of 7 chapters in Class 10 Geography book. Here, we have provided a brief description of each chapter.

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Geography Chapter 1 starts with the definition of resources. The classification of resources is explained based on the origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and potential of development. Further, the chapter talks about the development of resources and resource planning. This chapter mainly focuses on land resources by describing land utilisation, land use patterns in India, land degradation and conservation measures, soil as a resource and the classification of soil in-depth.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development 

• Development of Resources
• Resource Planning – Resource Planning in India, Conservation of Resources
• Land Resources
• Land Utilisation
• Land Use Pattern in India
• Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
• Soil as a Resource – Classification of Soils, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation (excluding Box Information on State of India’s Environment)

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development 

a. Major soil Types

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

This chapter helps in understanding the different variety of flora and fauna that exists in nature and the reason behind the depletion of flora and fauna. The chapter further describes the conservation and distribution of forests and wildlife in India. In the end, students will get to know about some of the steps taken by common people to conserve the forests and wildlife resources.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
• Types and Distribution of Forests and Wildlife Resources
• Community and Conservation

Chapter 3: Water Resources

The chapter starts by describing the availability of fresh water on the earth’s surface. Further, it explains the causes of water scarcity and the need for conserving and managing water resources. Students will learn about multi-purpose river projects and integrated water resources management. In the end, rain water harvesting and different methods of adopted rain water harvesting in different areas are explained in-depth.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

• Water Scarcity and the Need for Water Conservation and Management
• Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
• Rainwater Harvesting

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources 

Dams: a. Salal b. Bhakra Nangal c. Tehri d. Rana Pratap Sagar e. Sardar Sarovar f. Hirakud g. Nagarjuna Sagar h. Tungabhadra

Chapter 4: Agriculture

India is primarily an Agriculture country. Farming has been practised in India for ages. This chapter is included in the textbook to help students understand the type of farming system practised in India, cropping pattern and major crops produced in India.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture 

• Types of Farming – Primitive Subsistence, Intensive Subsistence, Commercial
• Cropping Pattern – Major Crops, Food Crops Other Than Grains, Non Food Crops, Technological and Institutional Reforms
• Food Security (excluding the impact of globalisation on agriculture)

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture 

a. Major Areas of Rice and Wheat b. Largest/Major Producer States of Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton and Jute

Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

The earth’s crust is made up of different minerals. This chapter will explain Minerals and the occurrence of Minerals. The chapter further describes the classification of Minerals. Under the classification of minerals, each type is described in detail. In the end, the chapter briefs about conventional and non-conventional energy resources.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources 

• What Is a Mineral?
• Mode of Occurrence of Minerals – Where Are These Minerals Found?, Ferrous Minerals, Non-Ferrous Minerals, Nonmetallic Minerals, Rock Minerals
• Conservation of Minerals
• Energy Resources – Conventional Sources of Energy, Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
• Conservation of Energy Resources

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources 

Minerals – (Identification only) a. Iron Ore mine

b. Coal Mines

c. Oil Fields

• Mumbai High

Power Plants (Locating and Labelling only)

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development. This chapter is especially included in the NCERT Geography book to help students understand the importance of manufacturing and the contribution of Industries to the National Economy. They will know the factors that impact the industrial location. Moreover, this chapter explains Ago-based Industries, Mineral-based industries, Chemical Industries, etc. In the end, the chapter explains how industrial pollution is degrading the environment and the major steps taken to prevent its degradation.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries 

• Importance of Manufacturing – Industrial Location (excluding Industry Market Linkage), Agro-based Industry (excluding Cotton Textiles, Jute Textiles, Sugar Industry), Mineral based Industries (excluding Iron Steel Industry, Cement Industry), Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation, Control of Environmental Degradation

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries 

Manufacturing Industries (Locating and Labelling Only) Software Technology Parks a. Noida b. Gandhinagar c. Mumbai d. Pune e. Hyderabad f. Bengaluru g. Chennai h. Thiruvananthapuram

Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

The modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of the nation and its Economy. This chapter will help students understand how roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, seaports, and airways have linked humans to the world and have contributed significantly to the growth of the Indian Economy. The chapter ends by describing the means of communication in India, International Trade and Tourism as Trade.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy 

• Major Seaports
• Communication
• International Trade
• Tourism as a Trade

List of Map Items in  C lass 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy 

Major Ports: (Locating and Labelling) a. Kandla b. Mumbai c. Marmagao d. New Mangalore e. Kochi f. Tuticorin g. Chennai h. Vishakhapatnam i. Paradip j. Haldia International Airports: a. Amritsar (Raja Sansi – Sri Guru Ram Dass jee) b. Delhi (Indira Gandhi) c. Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji) d. Chennai (Meenam Bakkam) e. Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose) f. Hyderabad (Rajiv Gandhi)

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

• Last modified on: 1 year ago
• Reading Time: 8 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development.

Case Study Question 1:

Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socioeconomic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. This had been the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past. For example, Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:

(i) Resources are vital for (a) Developmental activity (b) Commercial activity (c) Social activity (d) Environmental activity

(ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to (a) Social Problems (b) Commercial Problems (c) Environmental Problems (d) All of the above

(iii) “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” Who said this? (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Vinoba Bhave

(iv) What had been the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past? (a) Ocean conservation (b) Soil conservation (c) Biodiversity conservation (d) Resource conservation

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Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

• Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
• Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
• Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
• Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
• Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Geography) – Free PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography.

NCERT is on the priority list of recommendation of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Here, you will find all the chapter-wise NCERT solutions for Class 10 Geography. It will help you to understand the subject and perform well in exams.

Geography is a very important part of our education system as along with having great importance from the examination point of view, it is very important from the practical aspect also. Hence, NCERT solutions help the students to clear their respective doubts from reading the NCERT. Moreover, it will help them to score well in exams.

Toppr.com has a specialized team who provide NCERT solutions considering the needs of the students. Moreover, the team is available to clear all doubts of the students.

You can download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography from the links below. For more study materials and NCERT Solutions for other subjects download Toppr app for Android and iOS .

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Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 here.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapterwise

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3: Water Resources

Chapter 4: Agriculture

Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

Chapterwise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography chapter 1 resources and development.

Resource in itself is a wide term due to the availability of various resources throughout the globe. This chapter discusses the classification of resources on various basis. Moreover, it covers topics like Development of Resources, Resource Conservation, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Indian biodiversity is incomplete without flora and fauna. The chapter highlights the concept of biodiversity. Moreover, it states the various kinds of species found in different bio-diversities and regions along with the conservation methods to protect the species. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Do you know that 70% of Earth is covered by water? But still, we face water scarcity. This chapter highlights the issues of water scarcity and various reasons behind it. It also suggests some measures to conserve water and manage the problem of water scarcity. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

60% of the Indian Population is engaged in agriculture and its related activities. It is one of the most important sectors as it provides employment, removes poverty, etc. In this chapter, you will witness topics like Types of Farming, Different types of crops and its respective distribution throughout the map of India. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources

This chapter deals with the concept of minerals, types, and classification of minerals, availability, and extraction of resources from different parts of the country, and conversation of minerals. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

If agriculture is the cart of growth of the economy then manufacturing industries are the wheels. It is believed that behind the success of any developed country, industries have played an important role. This chapter highlights the importance of Manufacturing, Types of Industries, Availability of various kinds of industries in different parts of the country, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Lifelines or the service sector of the economy is the most important sector for economic development in the present era. In starting, this chapter talks about the various means of transport. Moreover, it shows the distribution of means of transport throughout the country. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

Solved Questions for You

Question 1: What is the significance of border roads?

Answer:   Border roads are strategically important as they improve accessibility to areas like the northern and north eastern border areas which have a difficult terrain.

Question 2: What is manufacturing?

Answer: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Question 3: Distinguish between the ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Answer:  The mineral which contains iron is termed as a ferrous mineral. Iron-ore, manganese, chromite, pyrites, tungsten, nickel, Cobalt, etc. are important examples of ferrous minerals.

On the other hand, non-ferrous minerals are those which do not have an iron contact in it. Gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, tin, magnesium, etc are the examples of non-ferrous minerals.

Question 4: Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Answer: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10

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Geography is the study of the planet Earth and the various life sustaining elements that are found on it. You will study about this subject in every class of your secondary school life as it is one of the most important subjects to know about the place you are living in.

In Class X - Contemporary India - you will learn about various kinds of resources that are found on our planet. These resources are also known as the natural resources as they exist naturally and humans are not responsible for their existence.

You will start your journey by learning about the forest and wildlife resources which will teach you about the flora and fauna of our planet. 

After forest, you will move to learning about Water which is one of the most important natural resources for the existence of life on the planet.

At last, you will learn about various minerals and other energy resources that are necessary for the operations of various industries and how these manufacturing industries act as the lifelines of our economy.

At Teachoo, you will find everything related to the subject which includes concepts , NCERT questions, previous year questions as well as extra questions that we like to call Teachoo questions , which are specially curated for you by our experts .

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Chapter 1 Class 10 Geography - Resources and Development

Chapter 2 class 10 geography - forest and wildlife resources, chapter 3 class 10 geography - water resources, chapter 4 class 10 geography - agriculture, chapter 5 class 10 geography - minerals and energy resources, chapter 6 class 10 geography - manufacturing industries, chapter 7 class 10 geography - lifelines of national economy.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Here, we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1. Students can view these NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 before exams for better understanding of the chapter.

April 7, 2024

Table of Contents

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1:  Students can use NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development as a valuable study tool to help them get ready for the CBSE exams.

Students will learn the answer writing style by reading through these solutions, which will help them receive higher exam scores. By including all the pertinent information, they will also comprehend how to write their responses.

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Experts in the field have prepared these NCERT Class 10 Solutions, which aid students in properly preparing for their Social Science exams.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Overview

NCERT Solutions for Resource and Development Class 10 Chapter 1 of Social Science Geography. “Resource”: In this chapter students will learn thoroughly about resources.

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Anything in our surroundings that we can use to meet our requirements is referred to as a resource. It must be economically viable, culturally acceptable, and technologically accessible.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 PDF

Our website provides a convenient way to download the NCERT Solution for Class 10 Social Science  Contemporary India Resources and Development in PDF format.Any student may readily understand the straightforward language used in the NCERT Solution.

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You will therefore become more confident in your writing abilities and regularize your study according to the requirements of the exam by consulting this answer book. Get the expertly chosen NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India from here. Science students will also find the solutions chosen by our master teachers to be quite helpful if they are looking for Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?

(a) Renewable

(d) Non-renewable

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Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resources can tidal energy not be put?

(a) Replenishable

(b) Human-made

(c) Abiotic

(d) Non-recyclable

Replenishable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation

(b) Deforestation

(c) Over-irrigation

(d) Overgrazing

Over-irrigation

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh

(c) Haryana

(d) Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states is black soil predominantly found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir

(b) Maharashtra

(c) Rajasthan

(d) Jharkhand

• Maharashtra

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words .

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

3 states are

• Madhya Pradesh

The crop grown is cotton.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Alluvial soil is the kind of soil that is found in river deltas.

Because of its high fertility, it is suitable for crop cultivation. It is made up of different amounts of clay, silt, and sand. Alluvial soil is rich in phosphoric acid, lime, and potash, all of which are beneficial to the growth of sugarcane and paddy.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?

The primary methods that are applicable are listed below.

Ploughs with contours cultivating terraces Grass is permitted to grow in strips between the crops. Strip cropping is the term for this technique.

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Biotic resource

These are materials derived from the biosphere. These materials are living Plants, animals, fish, people, cattle, etc. are a few examples.

An abiotic source

These resources are made up of dead things. Water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy, etc. are a few examples.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.

Answer:  The physical characteristics of topography, climate, and soil types, as well as the human elements of population density, technological prowess, culture, and customs, all influence how land is used.

States differ significantly in their net sown area patterns. In Punjab and Haryana, it makes up more than 80% of the entire area, while in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and the Andaman Nicobar Islands, it makes up less than 10%.

As stated in the National Forest Policy (1952), the country’s forest area is much less than the targeted 33% of its total land area. It was thought to be crucial for preserving the ecological equilibrium. Wasteland is a term used to describe a portion of the land used for purposes other than agriculture, such as roads, railroads, industries, and communities.

It contains desert, rocky, and arid regions. Land degradation is the result of long-term, continuous exploitation of a resource without the necessary conservation and management actions.

(ii) How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

This is due to a number of factors.

Extensive manufacturing resulted in excessive resource usage. The development of technology increased resource exploitation. Increased access to health and medical resources resulted in massive resource use.

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1

One of the fundamental subjects that demands for a well-reasoned interpretation together with accurate comprehension and analysis to test your knowledge is social science.

Class 10 students are extremely competitive and under constant pressure to perform well on their final examinations as the results will determine their course of study moving forward.

In addition to textbooks, students also need solution books, which will save them time while also assisting them in answering the questions.

The seven extremely large subtopics in Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Ch 1 NCERT Solutions require careful attention to acquire, comprehend, and retain for exams.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 FAQs

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development introduces students to the concept of resources and their classification.

To get good marks in Geography, students must devote sufficient time and attention to each chapter.

Yes, Geography class 10 is easy.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 8 Novels Society and History

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10th: Ch 1 Resources and Development Geography

Ncert solutions for class 10th: ch 1 resources and development geography social studies (s.st), contact form.

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Class 10 Geography NCERT Solution

NCERT Solution for Class 10 Social Science of book Geography. Here you can view all Chapters Notes, Summary, Textual Question Answer, Important Question Answer, MCQ ( Objective Type ).

Chapter 1 –  Resources and Development

• Question Answer 
• Important Questions

Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3 – Water Resources

Chapter 4 – Agriculture

Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

• Question Answer

Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7 – Lifelines of National Economy

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Resources and Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Resources and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 1

Very short answer type questions.

1. What is a Resource? Give two examples.

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Coal, water, air, minerals etc. are some examples of resource.

2. What is the role of humans in resource development ?

Answer:  (i) Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (ii) Human beings transfer material available in our environment into resource and use them.

3. How can the resources be classified on the basis of origin ? [CBSE 2010] Answer:  Biotic and Abiotic.

4. What are abiotic resources? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  All those things which are composed of non – living things are called abiotic resources.

5. A gas reserve has been discovered in an Ocean. The reserve is 19 km from the coast of the nation. Will it be considered an international resource or a national resource. Answer:  All the resources upto 12 nautical miles (19.2 km) from the coast are termed as national resources. So this will be a national resource.

6. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. Who said these words? Answer:  Mahatma Gandhi

7. It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning”. Give reason. Answer:  Because land is an asset of a finite magnitude.

8. How can the resources be divided on the basis of exhaustibility? Answer:  Renewable and Non-renewable.

9. Classify the following resources as biotic and abiotic. (i) Metals (ii) Fauna

Answer:  (i) Metals – abiotic (ii) Fauna – biotic

10. Give a single word for the following : (i) Materials which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology. (ii) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes. Answer:  (i) Stock (ii) Renewable

11. Name any two states of India which are well endowed with solar energy. Answer:  Gujarat and Rajasthan.

12. Name any two factors on which resource development depends. Answer:  (i) Technology (ii) Quality of human resources.

13. What is total geographical area of India? Answer:  3.28 million s km.

14. Mention any two factors which determines the land use pattern of a nation. Answer:  (i) Topography (ii) Population

15. What is wasteland? Answer:  An unused area of land like rocky, arid and desert areas.

16. What is net sown area? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Area sown once a year is known as net sown area.

17. What is gross sown area? Answer:  This represents the total sown area once/or more than once in a particular year i.e. the area is counted as many as times as there are sowings in a year.

18. Name any two states which have high percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Punjab and Haryana

19. Name any two states Which have very low percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram

20. How much degraded land is present in India ?  Answer:  130 million hectares.

21. Name any two states where over grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Madhya Pradesh (ii) Rajasthan

22. What are biotic resources? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.

23. Name any two states where over irrigation is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Punjab (ii) Haryana

24. Name any two states where mining is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.

25. How over-irrigation leads to land degradation? Answer:  Over-irrigation degrades land due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity of the soil.

26. How can land degradation be checked in Rajasthan as the state is having arid soil? Mention any two methods. Answer:  (i) Control on over grazing. (ii) Stabilisation of sand dunes.

27. Suggest any two ways to check land degradation. [CBSE 2013, 14] Answer:  (i) Afforestation (ii) Proper management of grazing

28. Mention any two factors which have contributed in the development of various types of soils. Answer:  (i) Varied relief features. (ii) Varied climatic conditions.

29. ‘The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soils. Name the rivers due to which the soils have been deposited. Answer:  The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

30. How can the alluvial soil be classified according to their age ? Answer:  (i) Khadar (ii) Bangar

31. Out of Khadar and Bangar soil which is more fertile ? Give one reason. Answer:  Khadar soil is more fertile because it has more fine particles.

32. Name any two minerals present in alluvial soil which makes it ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereals. Answer:  Potash and lime.

33. Name one important crop cultivated in : (i) Alluvial soil (ii) Black-soil Answer:  (i) Alluvial – Wheat (ii) Black – Cotton.

34. Which soil is ideal for growing cotton ? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Black soil.

35. Which soil is well known for their capacity to hold moisture ? Give reason. Answer:  Black soil. Because black soil is made up of extremely fine clayey material.

36. Name a mineral in which the black soil is poor. Answer:  Phosphoric contents.

37. Why black soil is tilled immediately after the first shower ? Answer:  These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on.

38. Name the soil which develops on crystalline igneous rocks. Answer:  Red soil.

39. ‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’. What does the term later mean? Answer:  Brick.

40. The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels. What are they called?

Answer:  Gully erosion.

41. Which state has mostly laterite soil? Answer:  Karnataka.

42. Which soil types is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rainfall? Answer:  Laterite soil.

43. Name the soil which develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Answer:  Laterite soil.

44. Name any two crops associated with laterite soil. Answer: Tea and coffee.

45. Which soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature? Answer:  Arid soils.

46. ‘The lower horizon of the arid soils are occupied by kankar’. Give reason. Answer:  This is because of increasing calcium content downwards.

47. Name any two natural factors which are responsible for soil erosion. Answer:  Wind and glacier.

48. By which name is the bad land known in chambal basin? Answer:  Ravines.

49. What is sheet erosion? Answer:  When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by running water, it is called sheet erosion.

50. What is wind erosion? Answer:  Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land. This is known as wind erosion.

51. What is contour ploughing? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines is known as contour ploughing.

52. How contour ploughing helps in the soil conservation? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of water down the slopes.

53. What are shelter belts? Answer:  Rows of trees which are planted in between the crops are known as shelter belts.

54. How shelter belts help in file conservation of soil? Answer:  The shelter belts break up the force of the wind.

55. Name a method which has contributed significantly in soil conservation in western India. Answer:  Shelter belts.

56. What is net sown area? What percentage of total area is under net sown area in India? Answer: Area sown once in a year is known as net sown area. In 2008-2009, 46.24% of India’s area was under net sown area.

57. What is gross sown area? Answer:  Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross sown area.

58. Which soils is the most widely spread in India? Answer:  Alluvial soil.

59. What is bad land? Answer:  It is a land which is unsuitable for cultivation. Mainly soil erosion converts a fertile land into a bad land.

60. What is gully erosion? Answer:  Gully erosion takes place when running water cuts deep ravines in the absence of vegetation. This type of erosion makes soil unfit for cultivation.

61. What is strip cropping? Answer:  Under strip cropping large fields are divided into strips and different types of crops are grown on alternative strips along contours or across the prevailing direction of winds. This breaks up the force of the wind.

62. Mention any two man-made and two natural factors responsible for land degradation. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Man-made: Deforestation, over- grazing, mining, quarrying. (ii) Natural: Water logging, wind, running water

63. Name any four minerals in which the black soil is rich. Answer:  (i) Calcium carbonate (ii) Magnesium (iii) Potash (iv) Lime

64. What is leaching? Name the soils which develop due to leaching. Answer: Leaching is a process by which the nutrients in the soil are washed away by heavy rains. Laterite soils develop due to leaching.

65. Mention any four proper farming technique which can be helpful in conservation of soil. Answer:  (a) Strip cropping (b) Shelter belt (c) Contour ploughing (d) Terracing

66. State two disadvantages of the red soil. Answer:  (i) The soil lacks in nitrogen, organic and phosphoric acid contents and is less fertile. (ii) Red soils are porous in nature but not retentive to moisture.

67. ‘It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning’. Give reason. Answer:  Because it is an asset of a finite magnitude.

68. Mention the various forces of nature which contribute to the formation of soil. Answer:  Change in temperature, action of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Examples, coal, water, air, minerals, etc.

2. What is the importance of natural resource? Why is it necessary to conserve them?

Answer:  Resources are important for the development of any country. For example, fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are important for industrial development, etc. Necessary to conserve resources because: (i) Their irrational consumption and over utilisation have led to socio-economic and environmental problems. (ii) It takes million of years for the formation of natural resources. (iii) Natural resources are available in fixed quantity and they are non – renewable.

3. What are the ways to classify resources?

Answer:  (i) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic. (ii) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable. (iii) On the basis of ownership-individual, community, national and international. (iv) On the basis of the state of development- potential, developed and stock.

4. What is the role of humans in resource development ? [CBSE 2014] Or Explain the role of humans in resource development. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011],

Answer:  (i) Resources are function of human activities. (ii) Human beings interact with-nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (iii) Human beings transfer materials available in our environment into resource, and use them. (iv) For example, river is a natural endowment and it becomes resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

5. What are renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.

 6. What are non renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use. For example, coal, bauxite.

7. What are individual resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, house, car, book, etc. are some examples of individual resources.

8. What are community owned resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which are accessible to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc. are some examples of community resources.

9. What are national resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even private property. For example, Indian railway, Bhakra dam.

10. What are potential resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.

11. What are developed resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of 2,47,847 million tones of coal resources.

12. What is stock? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but could not be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases i.e., hydrogen and oxygen but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

13. What are reserves? Explain with examples.

Answer:  Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

14. “Planning of resources is very important for a country like India”. Justify by giving three reasons.

Answer:  (i) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are many regions which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in some other resources. (ii) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits but lacks in infrastructural development. (iii) The states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are rich in soil but lacks minerals.

15. ‘The availability of resources is the only condition for the development of any region’. What is your opinion on the statement? Explain. Or Mention any three necessary conditions for the development of resources.

Answer:  (i) Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. (ii) There is need for quality of human resources i.e., skilled workers who can convert natural resources into more useable form. (iii) There is also a need for capital which is required to develop technology.

16. Explain the relationship between nature, technology and institutions.

Answer:  Nature contains resources. These resources are converted into usable form with the help of technology. Human beings interact with nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

17. ‘India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.’ Explain. Or “India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Support your answer with examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2014] 

Answer:  (i) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lack industrialisation. (ii) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of transportation and communication. (iii) Most of North-Eastern states are rich in natural vegetation but lacks in fertile soil.

18. Study the following data carefully and answer the questions that follow: LAND FEATURES OF INDIA Land Features Area Covered (in percentage) (i) Plains 43%  (ii) Mountains 30%  (iii) Plateaus 27%  Total 100%  (i) Name the land feature which occupies the highest surface area of India. (ii) Give two advantages of the above land feature.

Answer:  (i) The plains (43%) occupy the highest surface area of India. (ii) (a) The plains provide opportunity for crop farming. (b) The plains have good climatic conditions for human habitation.

19. How over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation? Or How is over-irrigation responsible for land degradation? Which states of India face this problem? [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  Over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation as : (i) Over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Water logging is a major issue in Punjab, Haryana, UR (ii) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.

20. Explain the major factors which are responsible for the formation of soil. [CBSE 2009 (O), Sept. 2011] Or Explain any three factors responsible for the formation of soil. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil. (ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc. contribute to the formation of soil. (iii) Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important. (iv) Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

21. Mention the criteria on the basis of which Indian soils can be classified.

Answer:  (i) Factors responsible for soil formation. (ii) Colour (iii) Thickness (iv) Texture (v) Age (vi) Chemical and Physical properties.

22. Explain the distribution of alluvial soils.

Answer:  (i) This is the most widely spread and important soil of India. (ii)These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. (iii)Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and Kaveri rivers.

23. With reference to alluvial soil answer the following questions- (i) How is it classified on the basis of its age? (ii) Alluvial soil as a whole is very fertile. Give reasons.

Answer:  (i) On the basis of age alluvial soil is classified as Bangar and Khadar. (ii) Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.

24. Explain the distribution of black soil.

Answer:  (i) Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau. (ii) They cover the plateau of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. (iii) They are also found in the Godavari and Krishna valleys.

25. Which soil is considered ideal for growing cotton? How is the soil formed?

Answer:  Black soil. These soils have been formed due to the weathering of the lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan Plateau and different climatic conditions.

26. (I) Which soils develop on crystalline igneous rocks? (ii) Why do the soils develop a reddish colour? (iii) Name any two states where this soil is found.

Answer:  (i) Red soil (ii) The soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron crystalline and metamorphic rocks. (iii) Odisha and Chhattisgarh

27. Mention the factors on which the land- use pattern of India depends upon. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Answer:  The use of land is determined by physical as well as human factors. (i) Physical factors: Topography, climate and soil types. (ii) Human factors: Population density, technological capability, culture and traditions.

28. (i) ‘Humus content of the laterite soil is very low.’ Explain by giving two reasons. (ii) Mention any two crops associated with the soil.

Answer:  (i) (a) The soil is formed due to intense leaching. So the nutrients of the soil are washed away by heavy rains. (b) The soil is formed in the regions of high temperature. So most of the microorganisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed. (ii) Tea and Coffee.

29. (i) ‘The arid soil lacks humus and moisture.’ Explain. (ii) Name any two states where this soil is formed.

Answer:  (i) The arid soil is found in dry climatic conditions. Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture. (ii) Rajasthan and Gujarat

30. What is soil erosion? Name any four states which have been affected by gully erosion.

Answer:  The removal of soil by the forces of nature, particularly wind and water is called soil erosion. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.

31. How does the soil of the Ganga-Yamuna plain differ from that of central Maharashtra?

Answer:  The Ganga-Yamuna plain has alluvial soils, whereas the central Maharashtra has black soils. The alluvial soils are formed by the depositional work of rivers in the river ualleys, flood plains and deltas. The black soils develop from volcanic rocks from where the lava flows.

32. What are the causes of soil erosion in : (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India. (iii) Arid regions of India.

Answer:  (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas : Destruction of vegetation is the main cause of soil erosion in hilly areas because when vegetation is removed, the soil surface becomes loose, and is more easily removed by the running water. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India : Heavy rainfall which leads to frequent floods is responsible for soil erosion. (iii) Arid regions of India : In deserts and dry regions, where there is little or no vegetation, wind is the most powerful agent of soil erosion, blowing away fine particles of sand depositing them in other areas making both the areas unproductive.

33. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it be checked? Explain. [CBSE 2012] Answer:  Large scale over-grazing has caused severe land degradation. Measures to check : (i)Afforestation and proper management of grazing. (ii)Planting of shelter belts. (iii)Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. (iv) Control on overgrazing.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. What is resource planning? Mention the steps which are involved in resource planning. [CBSE 2009 (F); Sept. 2010, 14] Or Explain the three steps involved in the resource planning in India. [CBSE Sept. 20W] Or What are the three stages of resource planning in India?

Answer:  “Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources. ” Resource planning is a complex process which involves : (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

2. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility. [CBSE 2009 (D), Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer:  (i) Renewable resources: “Renewable resources are the natural resources which can be used again and again or can be reproduced by physical, mechanical and chemical processes.” Solar energy, air, water and soil are some of the renewable resources of energy.

(ii) Non-renewable resources: “Non renewable resources are the natural resources that cannot be replaced at all or within a reasonable time.” Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are examples of non renewable resources. These resources are accumulated over millions of years. They are considered to be non-renewable resources because once they are used up, they are gone forever.

3. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership. [CBSE 2009 (O), 2014] Or Explain what is meant by national resources and individual resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]

Answer:  (a) Individual Resources: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, houses, cars, books, etc., are some examples of individual resources.

(b) Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible .to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc., are some examples of community resources.

(c) National Resources: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even the private properties.

(d) International Resources: These resources are owned and regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean, and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions. India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone.

4. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of the state of development. [CBSE 2008] Or Distinguish between stock resources and reserve resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010,12]

Answer: (i) Potential Resources : Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example: the western parts of India, particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far, these have not been developed properly.

(ii) Developed Resources : These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and the level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of about 2,47,847 million tonnes of coal resources.

(iii) Stock : These are the materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but cannot be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen, but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

(iv) Reserves : These are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the existing technology, but their uses have been postponed keeping in mind the needs of the future generations. For example, India has sufficient amount of forests to fulfil the needs of the present generation, but they are being protected for the future generations.

5. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance ? Explain with four facts. [CBSE 2008 (O), 2012, 2013] Or “Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.” Elaborate the statement with the help of suitable examples highlighting the value of land resource. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: Land is an important natural resource, because : (i)All economic activities are performed on land. (ii)It supports natural vegetation and wildlife. (iii)Most of the minerals are formed in land. (iv)It is used for transport and communication system.

6. Which is the most widely spread and important soil of India? State any six characteristics of this type of soil. [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2010] Or Mention any four characteristics of alluvial soils. Or How are alluvial soils formed? How is Bangar different from Khadar? [CBSE 2012]

Answer:   Characteristics of the Alluvial soil are :

(i) Alluvial soils are transported soils. Most of the soils are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Thus, the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.

(ii) These soils consist of varying proportion of sand, silt and clay. In the upper course of the river, the soil is coarse. In the middle course, it is medium, and fine grained in the lower course.

(iii) Apart from the size of their grains or particles, soils are described according to their age as well. They are old alluvium and new alluvium. Locally, the old alluvium is called ‘Bhangar’ and the new alluvium is called ‘Khadar’.

(iv) The old alluvium often contains ‘kankar, nodules, with calcium carbonates in the sub-soil. The new alluvium is more fertile than the old alluvium.

7. Which soil is called ‘regur soil? Mention any four characteristics of this type of soil. [CBSE 2009 (F), Sept. 2010, 2012, 2013] 

Answer: (i) These have been formed due to withering of lava. (if) The black soils are made of extremely fine materials, i.e., clayey materials. (iii)These soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime. (iv)These soils are generally poor in phosphoric content. (v)The soil is well known for its capacity to hold moisture.

8. How is red soil formed? Mention its three characteristics. [CBSE Sept. 2010] Or How does red soil develop? What makes it look red and yellow? [CBSE 2014] 

Answer:  Formation : Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks. Characteristics/Features : (i) Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands. They consist of loose gravels and highly coarse materials. (ii) The colour of these soils is generally red, often grading into brown, chocolate or yellow. The red colour is due to wide diffusion rather than high percentage of iron content. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form. (iii) Soils are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous materials but are fairly rich in potash. But crops are cultivated with the use of fertilizers.

9. Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cotton? [CBSE 2012, 2013] 

Answer:  (1) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc. along with present rock material are important factors for making of black soil. The parent rock is volcanic rock.

(2) It is ideal for growing cotton because: (i)It has capacity to hold moisture. (ii)They are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. (iii)This soil is also known as black cotton soil, (iv) They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which help in the proper aeration of the soil.

10. How is mountain soil (forest soil) formed? Mention any four characteristics of forest soil. .

Answer:  Formation: The soils are formed due to mechanical weathering caused by snow, rain, temperature variation, etc. Characteristics/Features: (i) These soils are heterogeneous in nature, and their character changes with mountainous environment and altitude. (ii) The soils are very rich in humus, but are deficient in potash, phosphorus and lime. (iii) The soils are especially suitable for plantation of tea, coffee, spices and tropical fruits. (iv) The soil is loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. It is acidic with low humus content in the snow covered areas. It is fertile in the lower parts of the valleys.

11. Mention any four features of the arid soils. Or Name the soil type which is widely found in Western Rajasthan. Explain two important characteristics of this soil type which make it unsuitable for cultivation. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  Arid soil is widely found in Western Rajasthan. (i) The soil ranges red to brown in colour. (ii) The soils contain considerable amount of soluble salts. (iii) The soils contain a low percentage of organic matter due to dry climate and absence of vegetation. (iv) The soil is alkaline in nature as there is no rainfall to wash soluble salts. (v) The lower horizon of the soil is occupied by ‘kankar’ because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The ‘kankar’ layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. (vi) The soils are infertile but with irrigation and fertilizers, the drought resistant and salt tolerant dry crops such as barley, cotton, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, etc., are grown. (Any Four)

12. Explain the formation and important features of the laterite soil. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer:  Formation: It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains. Features : (i) The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture. (ii) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements, the laterite soils lack fertility, and are not suitable for cultivation. But when the soils are manured and irrigated, some crops can be cultivated. (iii) As the soils are indefinitely durable, so they provide valuable building materials.

13. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer:  “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.” Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors.

Types of Soil Erosion : (a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water.

(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion.

(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape. Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree. This is called as rill erosion.

(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies. The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots. Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography. Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines.

(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area. The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding.

14. Give reasons : (i) Alluvial soil can hold moisture, and is very fertile. (ii) Black soil needs to be tilled after the first rain. (iii) Red soil is ideal for dry farming. (iv) The percentage of organic matter in desert soil is very low. (v) Red soil is less fertile.

Answer:  (i) Because the alluvial soil is made up of fine particles. The soil is very fertile because it is rich in mineral nutrients like potash and lime. (ii) The soil is sticky, and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first rain. (iii) Because it does not require much moisture. (iv) Because of the dry climate and absence of vegetation. (v) Because it is deficient in phosphorus, nitrogen, lime and humus.

15. Name two important crops associated with the following types of soil : (a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Desert soil (d) Laterite soil

Answer:  (a) Alluvial: Wheat and rice. (b) Black: Cotton and sugarcane. (c) Desert: Barley and ragi. (d) Laterite: Coffee and tea.

16. Explain the land-use pattern of India.

Answer: (i) The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities. This is not a healthy trend, and must be checked. The steps taken by government has resulted in increase of net sown area to 47% in 2005-06.

(ii) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana, and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iii) The area under forests has increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-03 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.

(iv) The land under permanent pasture is very low, i.e., only 3.45% (Fallen to 3%). This shows the tremendous pressure of livestock population on agricultural land. Cattle are reared mainly on the farm wastes, grain chaff and a few fodder crops.

(v) Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence agriculture is being replaced by commercial agriculture.

(vi) A part of the land is termed as waste land, and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land put to other non- agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc.

17. Explain any four proper fanning techniques which can be used for soil conservation. Or Suggest any three measures of soil conservation. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011] Or What is soil conservation? Explain any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer:  Soil conservation includes all those measures which help in protecting the soil from erosion or degradation.

(i) Crop rotation : If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes certain nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can check this type of erosion.

(ii) Settled agriculture : Checking and reducing shifting agriculture by persuading the tribal people to switch over to settled agriculture.

(iii) Terracing and contour bunding : Terracing and contour bunding across the hill slopes is a very effective, and one of the oldest methods of soil conservation. Hill slope is cut into a number of terraces having horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front. Contour bunding involves the construction of bank along the contour.

(iv) Strip cropping : Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

(v) Shelter Belt : Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in western India.

HOTS Questions and Answers

1. Do you think that resources are free gifts of nature as is assumed by many? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  They are not free gifts of nature as : (i) Resources are a function of human activities, (ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. (iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them. For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

2. What is the importance of natural resources? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: (i) Resources are used to satisfy human wants. (ii) Resources are base for economic development for example water, fossil fuel, solar energy is required for power production. (iii) Resources are vital for human survival as well as maintaining the quality of life. (iv) Land which is a natural resource support natural vegetation, wild life, human life and all economic activities. (v) Water which is another natural resource is essential for human, plant and wild life.

3. “India has land under a variety of relief features.” Justify. [CBSE 2014] Or What are the main advantages of India’s land under a variety of relief features? [CBSE 2010, 2011]

Answer:  India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. (i) About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. (ii) Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area. They ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. (iii) About 27 per cent of the land area is plateau. It possesses reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

4. Discuss the problems which have been caused due to over-utilisation of resources. Suggest any two ways to save the resources. Or “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems”. Justify the statement in three points. [GBSE 2012, 14]

Answer:  (I) Depletion of resources : Over-utilisation has led to the depletion of the resources for meeting the greed of a few individuals. For example, over-utilisation of petroleum products has led to a situation where most of the countries of the world are facing energy crisis.

(ii) Concentration of resources: This has divided the society into ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ or the rich and the poor.

(iii) Global ecological crisis : Over utilisation of resources has led to the global ecological crisis such as global warming, depletion of ozone layer, pollution and land degradation.

Suggestions : (i) Minimising wastage. (ii) Use of renewable resources.

5. “The earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity. (ii) The irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to socio economic and environmental problems. (iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources led to global ecological crises such as global warming, environmental pollution, etc (iv) The greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modem technology is the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. (v) If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger. (vi) There is need for sustainable development. It means development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present shout not compromise with the need of future generations’.

6. Why is there a need to conserve resources? What was Gandhiji’s opinion regarding the conservation of resources? [CBSE Sept. 2012] Or Explain the importance of conservation of resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011,2014] Or Why is it essential to have resource planning? Give three reasons. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Limited supply : Most of the resources have limited supply as compared to their demand for example supply of fossil fuels is limited.

(ii) Pollution and global warming : Overutilisation of natural resources may lead to environmental pollution for example over use of fossil fuel is a major factor responsible for global warming.

(iii) Socio economic problem : The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation. He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need, and not for anybody’s greed. ” According to him, they were the greedy and selfish individuals who were responsible for depletion of resources. He was in favour of producing for the masses than mass production.

7. Why is there a need for resource planning? What can happen if we don’t follow the principle of resource planning?

Answer:  (i) Most of the resources are limited in supply. (ii) Most of the resources are unevenly distributed over the country. (iii) Overutilisation of the resources may lead to pollution of the environment. (iv) There is a need to plan the human resources because only then we would be able to develop our natural resources. Effects : (i) Energy crisis (ii) Global warming

8. Explain any four reasons responsible for land degradation in India. Or Explain any four human activities which are mainly responsible for land degradation in India. Give any two suggestions to check land degradation. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Mining : Mining is one of the major factors responsible for land degradation. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.

(ii) Overgrazing : During the long dry period, grass is grazed to the ground and torn out by the roots by animals. This leads to loosening of soil and it is easily washed away by rains. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.

(iii) Overirrigation : In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

(iv) Processing of minerals : The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Suggestions : (i) Plant more trees (ii) We should not waste paper.

Question and Answer forum for K12 Students

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development with Answers

We have compiled the NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development with Answers Pdf free download covering the entire syllabus. Practice MCQ Questions for Class 10 Geography with Answers on a daily basis and score well in exams. Refer to the Resources and Development Class 10 MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

Resources and Development Class 10 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1. In which of the following states is overgrazing responsible for land degradation? (a) Jharkhand and Orissa (b) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan (c) Punjab and Haryana (d) Kerala and Tamil Nadu

Answer: (b) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

Question 2. How can the resources be classified on the basis of their origin? (a) Biotic and Abiotic (b) Renewable and Non-renewable (c) Individual and Community (d) Potential and Reserves

Answer: (a) Biotic and Abiotic

Question 3. Which one of the following is not the community owned resource? (a) Grazing grounds (b) Burial grounds (c) Village ponds (d) Privately owned house

Answer: (d) Privately owned house

Question 4. When running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels, they lead to: (a) Gully erosion (b) Sheet erosion (c) Deforestation (d) Afforestation

Answer: (a) Gully erosion

Question 5. Which one of the following is a Biotic Resource? (a) Land (b) Water (c) Human beings (d) Rocks

Answer: (c) Human beings

Question 6. Which one of the following is an example of biotic resources? (a) Rock (b) Iron ore (c) Gold (d) Animal

Answer: (d) Animal

Question 7. There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed,’’ who among the following has given the above statement? (a) Vinoba Bhave (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Atal Behari Vajpayee

Answer: (b) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 8. The mountain share in the total land area is: (a) 30% (b) 27% (c) 43% (d) 40%

Answer: (a) 30%

Question 9. Which one of the following states mostly has laterite soil? (a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Bihar (c) Rajasthan (d) Meghalaya

Answer: (d) Meghalaya

Question 10. Which one of the following is not a ‘Biotic Resource’? (a) Flora and Fauna (b) Rocks (c) Fisheries (d) Livestock

Answer: (b) Rocks

Question 11. What is the percentage share of plains in the total land area? (a) 43% (b) 23% (c) 33% (d) 27%

Answer: (a) 43%

Question 12. Which one of the following is not a renewable resource? (a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy (c) Forests (d) Fossil fuels

Answer: (d) Fossil fuels

Question 13. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (a) Intensive Cultivation (b) Overgrazing (c) Deforestation (d) Over-irrigation

Answer: (d) Over-irrigation

Question 14. Under which of the following types of resource can tidal energy be put? (a) Human made (b) Biotic (c) Non-recyclable (d) None of these

Answer: (d) None of these

Question 15. Which cold desert is relatively isolated from the rest of country? (a) Leh (b) Kargil (c) Ladakh (d) Dras

Answer: (c) Ladakh

Question 16. Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised are called (a) developed resources (b) stock (c) international resources (d) potential resources

Answer: (d) potential resources

Question 17. Soil formed by intense leaching is: (a) alluvial soil (b) red soil (c) laterite soil (d) desert soil

Answer: (c) laterite soil

Question 18. In which of the following states is black soil found? (a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Bihar (c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand

Answer: (c) Rajasthan

Question 19. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (a) Extensive cultivation (b) Deforestation (c) Overgrazing (d) Over-irrigation

Question 20. Which one of the following crops is grown in the black soil? (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Tea

Answer: (c) Cotton

Question 21. Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised are called (a) developed resources (b) stock (c) international resources (d) potential resources

Question 22. Fossil fuels are examples of which of the following types of resources? (a) Renewable (b) Flow (c) Biological (d) Non-renewable

Answer: (d) Non-renewable

Question 23. Which of the following resource is non-recyclable? (a) Coal (b) Iron-ore (c) Copper (d) Gold

Answer: (a) Coal

Question 24. What is the main reason behind global ecological crises such as global warming and environmental pollution ? (a) Depletion of resources (b) Accumulation of resources in a few hands (c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources (d) Use of resources

Answer: (c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources

Question 25. Which are the main factors that determine creation of a resource? (a) Nature and technology (b) Nature and human beings (c) Nature, human beings and technology (d) Technology and human beings

Answer: (c) Nature, human beings and technology

Question 26. Under which of the following types of resources can solar energy be categorised? (a) Flow resource (b) Human-made resource (c) Non-recyclable resource (d) Exhaustible resource

Answer: (a) Flow resource

Question 27. From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning ? (a) First Five Year Plan (b) Fifth Five Year Plan (c) Annual Plans (d) Tenth Five Year Plan

Answer: (a) First Five Year Plan

Question 28. On the basis of ownership, plantations can be better considered as which of the following types of resources? (a) Individual resource (b) Community owned resource (c) National resource (d) International resource

Answer: (a) Individual resource

Question 29. What is necessary for sustained quality of life and global peace? (a) Stopping use of resources (b) Saving resources for future (c) Exploitation of resources (d) Equitable distribution of resources

Answer: (d) Equitable distribution of resources

Question 30. Which of the following is a human-made resource? (a) Petroleum (b) Forests (c) Machines (d) Land

Answer: (c) Machines

Question 31. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone can be termed as which of the following types of resource ? (a) Individual resources (b) Community owned resources (c) National resources (d) International resources

Answer: (d) International resources

Question 32. What was the main contribution of the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987? (a) Sustainable development as means for resource conservation (b) Advocated resource conservation for the first time (c) Presented Gandhian philosophy (d) All the above

Answer: (a) Sustainable development as means for resource conservation

Question 33. What is land used for grazing cattle and livestock known as? (a) Forests (b) Barren land (c) Pasture land (d) Fallow land

Answer: (c) Pasture land

Question 34. Which of the following is the root cause for resource depletion at global level, according to Gandhiji? (a) Conservation of resources (b) Use of resources (c) Greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology. (d) Backward technology.

Answer: (c) Greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology.

Question 35. What is arrangement of soil in different layers or horizons known as? (a) Soil Composition (b) Soil Erosion (c) Soil Profile (d) Soil Texture

Answer: (c) Soil Profile

Question 36. Which of the following regions in India possesses rich reserves of minerals and fossil fuels? (a) Plains (b) Mountains (c) Plateaus (d) Deserts

Answer: (c) Plateaus

Question 37. Which among the following is a type of resources classified on the basis of exhaustibility? (a) Biotic and abiotic (b) Renewable and non-renewable (c) National and individual (d) Potential and reserves

Answer: (b) Renewable and non-renewable

Question 38. How much desired area is required for forest in our country? (a) 16% (b) 20% (c) 23.2% (d) 33%

Answer: (d) 33%

Question 39. Which one of the following soil is ideal for growing cotton? (a) Regur Soil (b) Laterite Soil (c) Desert Soil (d) Mountainous Soil

Answer: (a) Regur Soil

Question 40. Which of the following method will not help in soil conservation? (a) Contour ploughing (b) Strip cropping (c) Creating shelter belts (d) Ploughing up and down the slopes

Answer: (d) Ploughing up and down the slopes

Question 41. How can the resources be classified on the basis of their origin? (a) Biotic and Abiotic (b) Renewable and Non-renewable (c) Individual and Community (d) Potential and Reserves

Question 42. ‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’ which means: (a) Mountain (b) Brick (c) Rock (d) Stone

Answer: (b) Brick

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