introduction of waste management essay

Essay on Waste Management for Students and Teacher

500+ essay on waste management.

Essay on Waste Management -Waste management is essential in today’s society. Due to an increase in population, the generation of waste is getting doubled day by day. Moreover, the increase in waste is affecting the lives of many people.

For instance, people living in slums are very close to the waste disposal area. Therefore there are prone to various diseases. Hence, putting their lives in danger. In order to maintain a healthy life, proper hygiene and sanitation are necessary. Consequently, it is only possible with proper waste management .

The Meaning of Waste Management

Waste management is the managing of waste by disposal and recycling of it. Moreover, waste management needs proper techniques keeping in mind the environmental situations. For instance, there are various methods and techniques by which the waste is disposed of. Some of them are Landfills, Recycling , Composting, etc. Furthermore, these methods are much useful in disposing of the waste without causing any harm to the environment.

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Methods for Waste Management

Recycling – Above all the most important method is the recycling of waste. This method does not need any resources. Therefore this is much useful in the management of waste . Recycling is the reusing of things that are scrapped of. Moreover, recycling is further converting waste into useful resources.

Landfills – Landfills is the most common method for waste management. The garbage gets buried in large pits in the ground and then covered by the layer of mud. As a result, the garbage gets decomposed inside the pits over the years. In conclusion, in this method elimination of the odor and area taken by the waste takes place.

Composting – Composting is the converting of organic waste into fertilizers. This method increases the fertility of the soil. As a result, it is helpful in more growth in plants. Furthermore it the useful conversion of waste management that is benefiting the environment.

Advantages of Waste Management

There are various advantages of waste management. Some of them are below:

Decrease bad odor – Waste produces a lot of bad odor which is harmful to the environment. Moreover, Bad odor is responsible for various diseases in children. As a result, it hampers their growth. So waste management eliminates all these problems in an efficient way.

Reduces pollution – Waste is the major cause of environmental degradation. For instance, the waste from industries and households pollute our rivers. Therefore waste management is essential. So that the environment may not get polluted. Furthermore, it increases the hygiene of the city so that people may get a better environment to live in.

Reduces the production of waste -Recycling of the products helps in reducing waste. Furthermore, it generates new products which are again useful. Moreover, recycling reduces the use of new products. So the companies will decrease their production rate.

It generates employment – The waste management system needs workers. These workers can do various jobs from collecting to the disposing of waste. Therefore it creates opportunities for the people that do not have any job. Furthermore, this will help them in contributing to society.

Produces Energy – Many waste products can be further used to produce energy. For instance, some products can generate heat by burning. Furthermore, some organic products are useful in fertilizers. Therefore it can increase the fertility of the soil.

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Essay on Waste Management

Updated on
May 11, 2023

Every year, the amount of waste is doubling because of the increasing population around the world. The 3Rs, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle should be followed to help in waste management. Waste management is the need of the hour and should be followed by individuals globally. This is also a common essay topic in the school curriculum and various academic and competitive exams like IELTS , TOEFL , SAT , UPSC , etc. In this blog, let us explore how to write an essay on Waste Management.

This Blog Includes:

Tips for writing an essay on waste management , what is the meaning of waste management, essay on waste management in 200 words, essay on waste management in 300 words .

To write an impactful and scoring essay, here are some tips on how to manage waste and write a good essay:

The initial step is to write an introduction or background information about the topic
You must use a formal style of writing and avoid using slang language.
To make an essay more impactful, write dates, quotations, and names to provide a better understanding
You can use jargon wherever it is necessary, as it sometimes makes an essay complicated
To make an essay more creative, you can also add information in bulleted points wherever possible
Always remember to add a conclusion where you need to summarise crucial points
Once you are done, read through the lines and check spelling and grammar mistakes before submission

Waste management is the management of waste by disposal and recycling of it. It requires proper techniques while keeping in mind the environmental situations. For example, there are various methods and techniques through which the waste is disposed of. Some of these are Landfills, Recycling, Composting, etc. These methods are useful in disposing of waste without causing any harm to the environment.

Sample Essays on Waste Management

To help you write a perfect essay that would help you score well, here are some sample essays to give you an idea about the same.

One of the crucial aspects of today’s society is waste management. Due to a surge in population, the waste is generated in millions of tons day by day and affects the lives of a plethora of people across the globe. Mostly the affected people live in slums that are extremely close to the waste disposal areas; thus, they are highly prone to communicable and non-communicable diseases. These people are deprived of necessities to maintain a healthy life, including sanitation and proper hygiene.

There are various methods and techniques for disposing of waste including Composting, Landfills, Recycling, and much more. These methods are helpful in disposing of waste without being harmful to the environment. Waste management is helpful in protecting the environment and creating safety of the surrounding environment for humans and animals. The major health issue faced by people across the world is environmental pollution and this issue can only be solved or prevented by proper waste management so that a small amount of waste is there in the environment. One of the prominent and successful waste management processes, recycling enables us not only in saving resources but also in preventing the accumulation of waste. Therefore it is very important to teach and execute waste management.

The basic mantra of waste management is” Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, Repurpose, and Recycle”. Waste management is basically the collection or accumulation of waste and its disposal. This process involves the proper management of waste including recycling waste generated and even generating useful renewable energy from it. One of the most recent initiatives taken by various countries at the local, national and international levels, waste management is a way of taking care of planet earth. This responsible act helps in providing a good and stable environment for the present and future generations. In India, most animals get choked and struggle till death because they consume waste on the streets.

So far many lives are lost, not only animals but also humans due to a lack of proper waste management. There are various methods and techniques for disposing of waste including Composting, Landfills, Recycling, and much more. These methods are helpful in disposing of waste without being harmful to the environment. Waste management is helpful in protecting the environment and creating safety of the surrounding environment for humans and animals. This process of waste management evolved due to industrialization as prior to these inventions simple burying was sufficient for disposing of waste.

One of the crucial things to control waste is creating awareness among people and this can only be achieved only when the governments and stakeholders in various countries take this health issue seriously. To communicate with various communities and reach each end of the country, the message can be communicated through media and related platforms. People also need to participate in waste management procedures by getting self-motivated and taking care of activities of daily living. These steps to create consciousness about waste management are crucial to guarantee the success and welfare of the people and most importantly our planet earth.

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Essay on Waste Management

Updated December 28, 2023

Introduction to Waste Management

Effective waste management is crucial in maintaining a sustainable and healthy environment. It involves the organized collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of various waste materials generated by human activities. This comprehensive approach aims to reduce the adverse effects of waste on the environment, public health, and overall well-being. Proper waste management involves reducing, recycling, and responsibly disposing of waste to adopt environment-friendly practices. As our societies grow and urbanize, efficient waste management becomes increasingly vital in mitigating improper waste disposal’s ecological and health challenges. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of waste management, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and role in fostering a sustainable and responsible society.

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Importance of Proper Waste Management

1. environmental preservation.

Prevention of Pollution: Proper waste management is paramount in preventing air, water , and soil pollution . Inadequate waste disposal can lead to harmful substances being released into the environment, contributing to degradation and contamination.
Conservation of Ecosystems: By managing waste responsibly, we protect natural ecosystems from the adverse effects of pollution. This preservation is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, supporting ecological balance, and ensuring the sustainability of various species.

2. Public Health and Safety

Disease Prevention: Inadequate waste management can spread diseases through contaminated water sources and the breeding of disease vectors. Proper waste disposal is essential in protecting the public’s health and stopping the spread of waterborne diseases.
Cleaner Living Spaces: Well-managed waste reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous materials and enhances the overall cleanliness of living spaces. Communities benefit from a safer and healthier atmosphere as a result.

3. Resource Conservation

Energy and Material Recovery: Proper waste management includes recycling and resource recovery initiatives. Recycling materials saves energy and priceless resources by lowering the requirement for the extraction and manufacturing of raw materials.
Circular Economy Promotion: Reusing and recycling materials is encouraged by using a circular economy approach to waste management. This lessens the demand for scarce resources and the environmental damage caused by resource exploitation.

4. Mitigation of Environmental Impacts

Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Effective waste management practices, including waste-to-energy technologies, can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using waste energy can reduce the environmental damage caused by conventional energy production.
Landfill Space Preservation: The goal of effective waste management techniques is to reduce the amount of garbage that is dumped in landfills. This preservation of landfill space is essential for preventing soil and groundwater contamination and promoting sustainable land use.

Impact of Inefficient Waste Disposal on the Environment

1. pollution of air, water, and soil.

Air Pollution: Incomplete waste burning releases harmful gases, contributing to air pollution and respiratory issues.
Water Pollution: Improper disposal contaminates water sources with hazardous substances, endangering aquatic ecosystems and compromising the availability of safe drinking water.
Soil Contamination: Inadequate waste management leads to soil toxins deposition, affecting plant growth and soil fertility and potentially entering the food chain.

2. Harmful Effects on Wildlife

Ingestion and Entanglement: Improperly disposed plastics and other waste materials threaten wildlife through ingestion and entanglement, leading to injuries or fatalities.
Disruption of Ecosystems: Pollution from inefficient waste disposal disrupts natural ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and the delicate balance within ecosystems.

3. Health Risks to Humans

Waterborne Diseases: Contaminated water sources can spread waterborne diseases, affecting human health and causing widespread illness.
Respiratory Issues: Air pollution from the open burning of waste contributes to respiratory problems, impacting the health of individuals near disposal sites.

Challenges of Improper Waste Management

Improper waste management poses significant challenges with far-reaching consequences:

Environmental Degradation: The release of hazardous substances from improperly disposed waste leads to pollution of air, water, and soil, resulting in long-term environmental degradation.
Health Hazards: Inadequate waste disposal creates breeding grounds for disease vectors and contaminates water sources, contributing to the spread of waterborne diseases and posing serious health risks to communities.
Wildlife Impact: Improperly discarded waste, particularly plastics, harms wildlife through ingestion and entanglement, disrupting ecosystems and endangering various species.
Resource Depletion: Failure to implement recycling and recovery programs results in the wasteful depletion of valuable resources, contributing to environmental stress and threatening sustainability.
Landfill Overload: Improper waste disposal leads to the overuse of landfills, causing soil and groundwater contamination. This overload exacerbates the challenge of finding suitable spaces for waste disposal.
Air Pollution: Open garbage burning emits airborne contaminants that worsen respiratory conditions and air pollution in the surrounding areas.
Social Inequities: Vulnerable populations are disproportionately impacted by improper waste management, which exacerbates social injustices because these groups frequently experience the worst effects on the environment and health.

Benefits of Efficient Waste Management

Efficient waste management offers a multitude of advantages, contributing to environmental sustainability, public health, and resource conservation:

Environmental Conservation: Proper waste management minimizes pollution and preserves air, water, and soil quality. This, in turn, protects ecosystems, biodiversity, and the planet’s overall health.
Resource Recovery: Recycling and waste-to-energy technologies reduce the need to extract raw materials and advance the circular economy by recovering valuable resources from garbage.
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: By lowering the discharge of greenhouse gases, efficient waste management, such as methane collection from landfills and waste-to-energy operations, helps mitigate climate change.
Public Health Improvement: Well-managed waste systems prevent the spread of diseases by minimizing water contamination and controlling disease vectors, contributing to improved public health outcomes.
Cleaner Living Spaces: Efficient waste disposal enhances the aesthetics of communities by reducing litter and unsightly waste, creating cleaner and more pleasant living environments.
Sustainable Land Use: By minimizing the volume of waste sent to landfills, efficient waste management preserves valuable land resources, prevents soil and groundwater contamination, and supports sustainable land use practices.
Economic Opportunities: Recycling and waste management initiatives create job opportunities in waste collection, recycling facilities, and related industries, contributing to economic growth and community development.
Community Engagement: Effective waste management creates a sense of responsibility and environmental awareness by promoting recycling programs, clean-up activities, and educational projects.
Energy Generation: Waste-to-energy technologies generate electricity from waste, providing an alternative and sustainable energy source while reducing dependence on non-renewable resources.
Long-Term Cost Savings: Proactive waste management strategies reduce the long-term costs associated with environmental remediation, healthcare expenses, and the depletion of natural resources.

Components of an Effective Waste Management System

An effective waste management system comprises several key components working cohesively to address the challenges of waste generation and disposal:

Waste Reduction and Recycling: Implementing programs to reduce waste and promote recycling, encouraging individuals and businesses to minimize their environmental footprint.
Collection and Transportation: Establishing organized collection systems with efficient transportation networks to ensure the timely and proper removal of waste from communities to processing facilities.
Treatment and Disposal Facilities: Developing advanced treatment facilities for various types of waste, including biological, chemical, and electronic waste, ensuring responsible and environmentally friendly disposal methods.
Public Awareness and Education: Implementing educational initiatives to increase public understanding of the value of waste management, appropriate garbage disposal, and the advantages of recycling in local communities.
Regulatory Frameworks: Implementing and enforcing regulations that govern waste management practices, ensuring compliance with environmental standards and encouraging responsible waste handling.
Technological Integration: Incorporating advanced technologies such as smart waste bins, data analytics, and waste-to-energy solutions to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of waste management processes.
Community Engagement Programs: Involving local communities in waste management initiatives through participation in clean-up drives, recycling programs, and sustainable waste practices.
Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: Establishing monitoring mechanisms to track waste generation trends, assess the performance of waste management initiatives, and adjust strategies for continuous improvement.
Collaboration with Stakeholders: Encouraging cooperation across non-governmental organizations, businesses, and government agencies to combine resources and knowledge for efficient garbage disposal.
Incentive Programs: Introducing incentives for businesses and individuals to adopt environmentally friendly practices, such as tax benefits for recycling efforts or penalties for improper waste disposal.

Global Initiatives and Best Practices

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The United Nations has outlined goals, including Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, emphasizing sustainable waste management practices worldwide.
The Basel Convention: The Basel Convention is an international convention that controls the transboundary movements of hazardous waste to reduce hazardous waste creation.
Circular Economy Strategies: Reuse, recycling, and repurposing resources are key components of the circular economy, which is being adopted by more and more nations and organizations to reduce waste and encourage sustainable resource usage.
European Union Waste Framework Directive: The EU has implemented a comprehensive framework directing member states to adopt waste management practices focused on waste prevention, recycling, and the proper disposal of waste.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): EPR programs, implemented in various countries, hold producers accountable for the entire life cycle of their products, encouraging sustainable design, recycling, and proper disposal.
Zero Waste Cities: Cities like San Francisco and Ljubljana have set ambitious targets to achieve zero waste by implementing comprehensive waste reduction, recycling, and composting programs.
Plastic Bans and Alternatives: Many nations are implementing bans on single-use plastics, encouraging biodegradable alternatives, and promoting initiatives to clean up plastic waste from oceans and water bodies.
Waste-to-Energy Technologies: Countries like Sweden and Denmark have successfully implemented waste-to-energy facilities, converting waste into energy to reduce landfill use and contribute to renewable energy production.
Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA): GAIA works internationally to promote zero waste principles and advocate for alternatives to incineration, emphasizing waste reduction and sustainable waste management.
The Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s New Plastics Economy: This initiative focuses on rethinking and redesigning the global plastics system, promoting the circular economy for plastics to reduce pollution and environmental impact.

Community Involvement and Education

Promoting Responsibility: Engaging communities in waste management fosters a sense of responsibility, encouraging individuals to reduce, reuse, and recycle daily.
Educational Programs: Implementing educational initiatives in schools and communities raises awareness about the environmental impact of improper waste disposal and the importance of sustainable practices.
Participation in Clean-up Drives: Involving residents in clean-up campaigns enhances community pride, beautifies public spaces, and reduces the amount of litter that may end up in the environment.
Encouraging Recycling Programs: Establishing community-based recycling programs fosters the separation of recyclables, promoting a circular economy and reducing waste sent to landfills.
Local Composting Initiatives: Educating communities on the benefits of composting organic waste at the local level contributes to soil health, reduces landfill waste, and promotes sustainable gardening practices.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Conducting campaigns through various media channels informs the public about the consequences of improper waste management and encourages responsible waste disposal habits.
Collaboration with Local Organizations: Partnering with local NGOs and community groups strengthens waste management efforts, leveraging local knowledge and resources for effective implementation.
School-Based Environmental Clubs: Establishing eco-clubs in schools encourages environmental consciousness among students, fostering a generation that values sustainability and responsible waste practices.
Incentivizing Participation: Introducing incentives, such as rewards or recognition, motivates individuals and communities to engage actively in waste reduction and environmental conservation efforts.
Interactive Workshops and Seminars: By planning waste management workshops and seminars, communities are given a forum for discussion and the information and abilities necessary for sustainable living.

Technology and Innovation in Waste Management

Smart Waste Bins: Incorporating sensor-equipped waste bins allows for real-time monitoring of waste levels, optimizing collection routes, and reducing unnecessary pickups, leading to more efficient resource utilization.
Data Analytics: Utilizing data analytics tools enables the analysis of waste generation patterns, helping authorities make informed decisions for waste management strategies, resource allocation, and policy development.
Internet of Things (IoT) Applications: Connecting waste management devices through IoT facilitates communication and data exchange, improving waste collection and processing efficiency.
Blockchain for Waste Tracking: Implementing blockchain technology enhances transparency in waste management by creating a secure and unalterable record of waste movement, ensuring accountability and traceability.
Waste-to-Energy Technologies: By converting garbage into energy, innovative technologies reduce the amount of waste in landfills and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional energy sources.
Advanced Recycling Technologies: Innovations in recycling technologies, such as robotic sorting systems and chemical recycling, enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of recycling processes, increasing the recovery of valuable materials.
Mobile Apps for Waste Sorting: Developing mobile applications that provide information on proper waste sorting and disposal practices empowers individuals to make environmentally conscious decisions.
Drones for Monitoring Landfills: Using drones to monitor landfill sites offers a cost-effective and efficient way to assess waste volume, detect potential issues, and plan for optimized waste disposal.
Bioremediation: Applying biological processes to treat and remediate contaminated waste materials, bioremediation technologies offer environmentally friendly solutions for waste treatment.
Augmented Reality (AR) for Education: Implementing AR applications for educational purposes helps raise awareness about waste management, allowing users to visualize the impact of waste and understand proper disposal methods.

Waste management is imperative for environmental sustainability, public health, and resource conservation. Global initiatives, best practices, and technological innovations underscore the commitment to addressing waste challenges collectively. Community involvement and education are pivotal in empowering individuals to adopt responsible waste practices. Embracing a circular economy, promoting recycling, and harnessing cutting-edge technologies offer a path toward a more sustainable future. As stewards of the planet, we are responsible for prioritizing and implementing effective waste management strategies and fostering a cleaner, healthier, and more resilient world for future generations.

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Waste Management Essay

Waste management , often known as disposal, involves handling waste from the moment it is created until it has been completely disposed of. Waste can be liquid, solid, or occasionally even gas. Waste might be municipal, industrial, biomedical, household, or radioactive waste. It is crucial to manage waste properly. Here are a few sample essays on "waste management".

100 Words Essay On Waste Management

To protect the environment and sustain our health, waste management should be a crucial aspect of everyday life . The population is growing daily, and garbage production has no bounds. Without considering the potentially negative impacts, we either burn the garbage away or throw it all in an area where there are no proper disposal options.

All household, industrial, and factory waste must be appropriately managed; otherwise, it may result in several environmental and health hazards. We thus require efficient means of waste material collection, sorting, transportation, and disposal. We can reduce environmental degradation and safeguard the security and welfare of people and all other living things by managing garbage properly. As more individuals adopt recycling and reusing waste, there will also be a decrease in waste production.

200 Words Essay On Waste Management

Refuse, reuse, reduce, and recycle are the core principles of waste management. Waste management primarily consists of gathering and disposing of waste effectively. This process comprises managing garbage properly, recycling waste that is produced, and even turning waste into valuable renewable energy when possible.

Waste management is one of the current projects undertaken by numerous nations at the municipal, national, and international levels to care for planet Earth. This careful action contributes to creating a good and stable environment for the current and next generations. Most animals in India choke to death after eating garbage on the streets.

Many lives have already been lost as a result of improper waste disposal, including both human and animal life. There are many ways to get rid of garbage, such as composting, landfills, recycling, and many more. These techniques help get rid of garbage without harming the environment.

Waste management helps to preserve the environment and make the surrounding area safe for people and animals. People also participate in waste management by being self-motivated and attending to daily tasks vigilantly. The success and happiness of the population, and most crucially, our planet Earth, depend on these actions to raise awareness about waste management.

500 Words Essay On Waste Management

Refuse what you can, reduce what you can, reuse what you can, recycle what you can, and let the rest go to waste. Efficient waste management is essential in today's world. Population growth is causing garbage production to double every day. A lot of people's health is also impacted by the increase in the garbage. For instance, those who live in slums are close to a dump. They are, hence, at risk for a variety of diseases. Living a healthy life requires good sanitation and cleanliness. Therefore, it can only be accomplished with efficient waste management.

The Meaning Of Waste Management

Waste management is the control of waste via recycling and disposal. Additionally, effective waste management methods must be used while keeping environmental conditions in consideration. For instance, there are a variety of techniques and plans utilised to get rid of trash. Landfills, recycling, composting, etc., are a few of them. These techniques are also quite helpful for removing trash without harming the environment.

Methods For Waste Management

Recycling | The recycling of garbage is the most crucial method. Resources are not required for this technique. As a result, this is extremely beneficial for waste management. Reusing items that have been discarded is known as recycling. Recycling helps in the process of turning waste into valuable resources.

Landfills | The most popular technique for waste management is landfilling. Large earth holes are dug to bury the trash, which is then covered by a layer of mud. As a result, over time, the waste inside the pits decomposes. In general, this approach eliminates the smell and space that the garbage occupies.

Composting | The process of composting involves turning organic waste into fertilisers. The earth is made more fertile with this technique. As a result, it promotes more plant growth. The efficient transformation of waste management also benefits the ecology.

Advantages Of Waste Management

Waste management has a variety of advantages. Here are a few of them:

Decreases Bad Odour | Waste generates a lot of unpleasant odours that are harmful to the environment.

Reduces Pollution | The main factor for the environment's destruction is waste. For instance, domestic and industrial garbage contaminates our rivers. Management of waste is so crucial in order to prevent environmental pollution. Additionally, it improves the city's hygiene, giving residents a cleaner environment to live in.

Reduces The Production Of Waste | Recycling items contributes to waste reduction. Additionally, it creates new things that are once more beneficial.

It Generates Employment | Workers are needed for the waste management system. These workers can do several tasks, including garbage collection and disposal. As a result, it offers employment chances to those who are unemployed.

Produces Energy | Numerous waste materials may also be utilised to create energy. For instance, some items may burn and produce heat. Some organic items can also be used as fertilisers. As a result, the soil's fertility may be increased.

Example Of Waste Management

Swachh Bharat Mission | The Government of India has launched Swachh Bharat, also known as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Program Clean India), a nationwide campaign to clean up the nation's streets, highways, and infrastructure of the country. On August 15, 2014, on Indian Independence Day—prime minister Narendra Modi declared and began the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. This mission was to clean India and remove its dirt and dust. At that time, India had become incredibly unclean, with people throwing trash everywhere. Therefore, this mission was necessary for this nation. Because of this, people realised how important hygiene is.

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Essay on Waste Management

Students are often asked to write an essay on Waste Management in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Waste Management

Introduction to waste management.

Waste management is the process of handling and disposing of waste materials. It includes activities like collection, transportation, and disposal of waste.

Types of Waste

Importance of waste management.

Waste management is important for our health and the environment. Improper waste disposal can lead to pollution and diseases. Therefore, managing waste properly is crucial.

Methods of Waste Management

Common methods include recycling, composting, and landfilling. Recycling involves reusing materials, composting turns organic waste into nutrient-rich soil, and landfilling involves burying waste.

250 Words Essay on Waste Management

Waste management is a critical aspect of environmental conservation that focuses on the systematic control of the generation, treatment, and disposal of waste. It encompasses various methods like recycling, composting, and landfilling, which can significantly reduce the harmful environmental impact of waste.

The Importance of Waste Management

The importance of waste management cannot be overstated. It is essential for maintaining public health, preserving the environment, and saving resources. By properly managing waste, we can prevent the spread of diseases and reduce air and water pollution. Additionally, recycling and composting can conserve natural resources and energy, contributing to a sustainable future.

Challenges in Waste Management

However, waste management faces several challenges. The increasing global population and rapid urbanization have led to a surge in waste generation. Moreover, the rise in electronic waste and hazardous materials presents unique disposal problems. These challenges necessitate innovative and sustainable solutions.

Sustainable Waste Management Practices

Sustainable waste management practices, such as zero waste strategies and circular economy models, are gaining traction. These approaches aim to minimize waste generation and maximize the recovery of resources. For instance, the circular economy model promotes the reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling of existing materials and products.

500 Words Essay on Waste Management

Introduction.

Waste management is crucial for the well-being of our planet. It is our responsibility to ensure that waste is managed properly to minimize its impact on the environment. It helps to maintain cleanliness, reduces the spread of diseases, and conserves natural resources. By practicing effective waste management, we can reduce the amount of waste that ends up in our landfills and oceans, thus preserving our environment for future generations.

There are various methods of waste management, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. These include landfill, incineration, recycling, biological processing, and energy recovery. Landfills are the most commonly used method, but they contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Incineration involves burning waste to convert it into residue and gaseous products, but it also results in the emission of greenhouse gases. Recycling, biological processing, and energy recovery are more sustainable methods, but they require more resources and infrastructure.

The Future of Waste Management

The future of waste management lies in the adoption of sustainable practices and the transition to a circular economy. This involves rethinking our approach to waste and viewing it not as a problem, but as a resource. It requires a shift from the current linear model to a circular one, where waste is minimized and resources are kept in use for as long as possible. Technological advancements such as waste-to-energy technologies and smart waste management systems can also play a crucial role in transforming the waste management sector.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Happy studying!

115 Waste Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Waste management is a crucial issue in today's world, as the amount of waste produced continues to grow at an alarming rate. From household trash to industrial waste, finding sustainable solutions for managing and reducing waste is essential for protecting the environment and public health.

If you're tasked with writing an essay on waste management, you may be struggling to come up with a topic that is both interesting and relevant. To help you get started, here are 115 waste management essay topic ideas and examples that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

The importance of proper waste management in protecting the environment
The impact of waste management on public health
Strategies for reducing household waste
The role of recycling in waste management
The benefits of composting for waste reduction
The challenges of managing electronic waste
The environmental impact of plastic waste
The economic benefits of sustainable waste management practices
The ethical implications of waste disposal methods
The role of government in regulating waste management
The impact of waste management on climate change
The potential for waste-to-energy technologies to reduce landfill waste
The importance of educating the public about waste management
The role of businesses in implementing sustainable waste management practices
The social justice implications of waste management
The impact of waste management on wildlife and ecosystems
The benefits of using biodegradable materials to reduce waste
The challenges of managing construction and demolition waste
The potential for using waste as a resource in circular economy models
The role of technology in improving waste management processes
The impact of food waste on global hunger and food security
The benefits of implementing zero-waste initiatives in communities
The role of NGOs in promoting sustainable waste management practices
The potential for using drones to monitor and manage waste
The impact of waste management on water quality
The benefits of community-based waste management programs
The challenges of managing hazardous waste
The potential for using blockchain technology to track waste disposal
The role of education in promoting sustainable waste management practices
The impact of waste management on air quality
The benefits of waste segregation and sorting programs
The challenges of managing medical waste
The potential for using robots to automate waste sorting processes
The role of public-private partnerships in improving waste management
The impact of waste management on urban planning and development
The benefits of using anaerobic digestion to process organic waste
The challenges of managing electronic waste in developing countries
The potential for using machine learning algorithms to optimize waste collection routes
The role of social media in raising awareness about waste management issues
The impact of waste management on biodiversity conservation
The benefits of implementing extended producer responsibility programs
The challenges of managing marine litter
The potential for using satellite imagery to monitor illegal waste dumping
The role of indigenous communities in sustainable waste management practices
The impact of waste management on land degradation
The benefits of using biochar to improve soil quality
The challenges of managing radioactive waste
The potential for using 3D printing to create products from recycled materials
The role of artists in raising awareness about waste management issues
The impact of waste management on social inequality
The benefits of implementing pay-as-you-throw waste pricing schemes
The challenges of managing agricultural waste
The potential for using blockchain technology to create a transparent waste management system
The role of citizen science in monitoring waste pollution
The impact of waste management on tourism
The benefits of using drones to collect and transport waste
The challenges of managing industrial waste
The potential for using gene editing technologies to break down plastic waste
The role of policymakers in promoting sustainable waste management practices
The impact of waste management on public perception of cities
The benefits of using algae to clean up wastewater
The challenges of managing construction and demolition waste in urban areas
The potential for using artificial intelligence to optimize waste management processes
The role of community gardens in reducing food waste
The impact of waste management on mental health
The benefits of using green roofs to reduce stormwater runoff
The challenges of managing asbestos waste
The potential for using drones to monitor landfill sites
The role of youth groups in promoting waste management education
The impact of waste management on renewable energy production
The benefits of implementing waste audits in businesses
The challenges of managing wastewater treatment sludge
The potential for using geospatial technologies to map waste hotspots
The role of religious organizations in promoting waste reduction
The impact of waste management on indigenous rights
The benefits of using blockchain technology to create a circular economy
The challenges of managing pharmaceutical waste
The potential for using robots to clean up ocean plastic pollution
The role of community activists in advocating for waste management reform
The impact of waste management on green jobs creation
The benefits of using drones to monitor illegal waste dumping
The challenges of managing construction and demolition waste in rural areas
The potential for using satellite imagery to track waste flows
The role of citizen science in monitoring air quality near waste facilities
The impact of waste management on water scarcity
The benefits of using biopesticides to control pests in waste management facilities
The challenges of managing medical waste in conflict zones
The potential for using machine learning algorithms to predict waste generation patterns
The role of grassroots organizations in promoting waste reduction
The impact of waste management on mental well-being
The benefits of using drones to monitor illegal waste dumping in remote areas
The challenges of managing electronic waste in rural communities
The potential for using blockchain technology to create a decentralized waste management system
The role of community gardens in promoting sustainable waste management practices
The impact of waste management on social cohesion
The benefits of using drones to monitor waste collection routes
The challenges of managing hazardous waste in developing countries
The potential for using machine learning algorithms to optimize waste sorting processes
The role of social entrepreneurs in developing innovative waste management solutions
The benefits of using blockchain technology to create a transparent waste management system

These waste management essay topic ideas and examples cover a wide range of issues and perspectives, giving you plenty of options to explore in your writing. Whether you're interested in the environmental, social, economic, or technological aspects of waste management, there's sure to be a topic that piques your interest. Good luck with your essay, and happy writing!

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Short Essay on Waste Management [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF

Waste management is a matter of concern for our world in the current situation. Poor waste management eventually results in environmental pollution. Due to this extreme concern, many institutions use this context as an essay topic to evaluate their students’ overall comprehension skills. In this lesson, you will learn how to write an essay on waste management. So, let’s get started.

Feature image of Short Essay on Waste Management

Short Essay on Waste Management in 100 Words

Waste management is one of the significant processes on Earth that leads to sustainable development and habitat. It happens through the reuse and recycling of waste products in our houses, factories, industries etc. At present, the world is facing a severe threat of pollution due to poor waste management.

It is the ultimate need of the hour that wastes must be reduced and reused properly. We on a daily basis produce tons of waste materials that are harmful both for us and the environment. Thus several measures are undertaken through which the wastes accumulated are hence segregated and utilised for better purposes.

Short Essay on Waste Management in 200 Words

Waste management is the call of duty for every 21st-century person on Earth. Wastes are the degradable remnants of our daily activities. It involves household chores, as well as factory dispositions. We are clearly aware of the volume of waste materials that are regularly generated and how carelessly they are disposed of.

Such attention to fewer actions of discarding wastes results in hazards to social and public health including plants and animals. But today waste management is a matter of concern with the increasing population on Earth. The urban expansions, the industrial growth, and the changes in our lifestyle and consumption are also a reason behind this. Waste management takes place through innovations in science and technology and is transformed into a new object of reuse and renovations.

Wastes produced on a daily basis are of several types. It can be solid such as household, laboratory, and industries’ wastes; liquid wastes such as chemicals, sewage, and pipes; and also gaseous wastes like smoke from chimneys of industries, tobacco smells, burning petroleum goods, vehicle emissions, forest fire, and others. Generally, wastes are classified also as biodegradable such as the waste products that come from plants and animals, and non-biodegradable like metals and plastics waste products that cannot be decomposed. All these are rectified through waste management procedures.

Short Essay on Waste Management in 400 Words

Our lives consist of changes and the occurrence of some inevitable situations. Waste production is one such circumstance that cannot be avoided, yet is often considered as the most hazardous effect on the living world and the atmosphere. Waste is something that creates no value and only depreciates our well-being. The basic reason behind the production of waste is the growing civilisation.

The ever-increasing population demands necessities and luxuries for daily use, which in turn generates a huge amount of waste materials. The household produces wastes, industries, factories, vehicles, and laboratories are chief sources of waste production. All these only ends up polluting the environment. The population along with developed lifestyle are again key reasons for waste generation on Earth. Thus urban areas produce a greater amount than rural places due to lesser modernisation of the surroundings and lifestyle.

Waste is unarguably a disaster to humankind and so it needs immediate attention and a proper management system. Ill disposal of wastes results in more than half of the pollution in a heavily populated country like India. In India, corporations and municipal bodies are responsible for maintaining this cleanliness and preserving public health. Generally, wastes are broadly categorised as solids, liquids, and gases. But for a greater facility, it is chiefly divided into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.

Biodegradable wastes include kitchen wastes, sanitary wastes, green wastes, and wastes from shops. But the more harmful form, the non-biodegradable wastes contain plastics, papers, all packaging and containers, metals, glass, rubber that cannot be decomposed naturally. These wastes stay in nature and prolong the harm to not only terrestrial creatures but also aquatic beings.

Hence management of the filth is very important. The general disposal methods may often prove unsustainable and serious. Thus waste management is now the call of the day. It is not just a local phenomenon, but also the attention of the states countries and the globe. This management involves at the base the segregation of the wastes and likewise disposing of it.

The principal method involved here is the method of ‘’ reuse, reduce, and recycle’’. Generally, the domestic wastes can be utilised as vermicompost and fertilizers for plants. But for the non-biodegradable wastes, the process involves a higher system. The waste dealers collect them and deposit them into factories that crush the wastes into pulps and recycles them into different, helpful materials. At present, the globe has engaged in not only recycling but also refusing to use materials that create a huge amount of wastes. Thus waste management is the solution of modern society and way to development.

In this session above, I have tried to discuss all possible aspects of the topic within a recommended word limit. Hopefully, after going through this lesson, you have understood the overall approach to write these essays. If you have any doubt regarding the session, post them in the comment section below. To read more such essays on important topics, keep browsing our website.

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Waste Management

An Introduction

Waste Management or disposal includes processing and disposing of Waste starting right from its point of inception to complete disposal. Waste can be solid or liquid and sometimes even gas. It can be domestic, industrial, biomedical, municipal or radioactive Waste. Each different type of Waste has a specific disposal method and they can be classified as:

Landfill: A huge dumping ground for garbage usually located away from a city. Every kind of solid waste is disposed of in a landfill.

Incineration: Waste from municipalities and solid residue from Wastewater treatment are disposed of by resorting to combustion which converts them to residue and gaseous products. It is not an eco-friendly method as combustion leads to the release of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide.

Recycle, Reduce, Re-use

The three R’s of Waste Management, i.e., Reduce reuse and Recycle should be followed at every place possible. These methods of Waste Management are mostly environment friendly and help avoid resorting to Waste Management measures like landfill and incineration that are harmful to humans as well as the environment.

There are numerous benefits of recycling. Recycling helps recover resources that can be used to make use of them in a different way. New products can be made by recycling general Waste. Solid Wastes like wood, glass, plastic, electronic devices, clothing and leather items can be Recycled.

Wastes that are organic in nature can be Recycled and reused, often as manure or fertilizer for agriculture by the method of decomposition. Food scraps, plant products (such as cow dung) and carcasses, paper products are the most reusable for making manure.

Some Waste items that contain plastic such as polythene bags, bottles, pipes, etc. don't decompose easily and can pile up as a landfill for many years, sometimes ending up in the ocean and killing animals who choke on them accidentally. The use of such products that are harmful to everyone should be Reduced. Alternative options have been developed to Reduce the use of plastic such as jute bags instead of polythene bags, paper straws and packaging to be used in place of those made of plastic are a few to name.

FAQs on Waste Management

1. What are the Challenges Faced in Waste Management?

One of the major challenges associated with waste management is solid waste management due to an increase in industrialization. The waste disposal is only rising and in cities with high population faces the wrath of this even more as with time there is deterioration in the natural environment and thus the health of the working class.

2. How can One Tackle this Problem of Waste Management?

The most effective way to resolve this problem is by reducing the production of waste itself; one can do that by composting the food and garden waste or by segregating and sending for recycling. The other important way is by addressing the public on the importance of waste management and its benefits to the environment.

3. What are the sources of Waste?

Waste accumulates in our everyday life from different sources. Households, industries and factories produce both solid and liquid Waste, hospitals and laboratories produce biomedical Wastes like syringes, gauge pads, etc., agricultural fields and farms produce agricultural Waste that includes dung, hay, etc., and even educational institutes like schools and colleges generate some amount of Waste which are called commercial Wastes.

4. What are the types of Waste?

There are mainly two types of Wastes:

Biodegradable Waste: These kinds of Waste are usually generated from the kitchen and are mostly organic in nature and can be decomposed to make manure that is generally used for composting in the garden.

Non-Biodegradable Waste: Wastes that do not decompose easily such as plastic and glass, accumulate in the environment and harm animal life.

5. Why is Waste Management important?

Waste created by different sources in the environment has the potential to harm humans and animals alike by spreading diseases when the Waste is not taken care of through disposal. Animals grazing in the field or unsuspecting water animals can get tangled and die of suffocation from non-biodegradable Waste products like plastic bottles and straws or polythene bags. Waste Management is important to Reduce the effect of Waste on the environment as well as for building livable and sustainable cities through recycling, reusing and reducing Waste materials.

To know more about Waste Management, hop on to Vedantu's website or app and get free study materials! Download now!

6. How can individuals help in Waste Management?

Individuals can take small steps in everyday life to help Reduce the amount of Waste generated through households by reusing materials wherever possible and buying environment-friendly products as well as those which are recyclable in the future. Waste Management also includes the separation of Wastes according to the type of Waste such as solid Waste or liquid Waste, and segregating and disposing of them safely.

7. What is the role of the government in Waste Management?

Starting from municipalities, the local body has the responsibility to process and dispose of Waste from every source and take sanitary measures for keeping a city clean for healthy living.

Governments can set standards and regulate industrial Waste by encouraging research on Waste product reduction as well as safe elimination and they can also impose penalties or fines for not being able to meet standards for Waste generation and Management thus keeping the factories in check.

They can promote drives on the usefulness of recycling and reusing in rural areas which are the main sources of agricultural Waste. They should also encourage students to learn Waste Management for more sustainable and holistic growth of the future environment.

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Essay on Waste Management for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Waste Management: Did you know that every plastic that is being produced in the world still exists still today? Plastic was invented hundreds of years back and every gram of plastic that is being produced can never be degraded in our lifetime. There is no known no natural process to degrade plastic.

In this particular waste management essay, we shall be talking about the plastic waste, the organic and inorganic waste and how it adversely affects our planet and what, as a responsible citizen, we can do to tackle this waste management menace.

You can read more Essay Writing about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Waste Management for Students and Kids in English

If you are searching for a well-written Waste Management Essay in English, then this article provides you with two types of content, a 600 words long essay on waste management and another 200-word short waste management essay in English. These essays can be used by school children, students and teachers for various activities in schools and colleges.

Long Essay on Waste Management 600 Words in English

Waste Management Essay is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Waste management is one of the biggest challenges that urban India faces. It is not just India, but the whole world faces the menace of mountains of waste on our planet. Every plastic that has ever been produced on this planet still exist on our seas, oceans and lands. There has been no known natural or artificial technique to degrade plastics which means once the plastic is manufactured there is no way to get rid of that plastic in our lifetime. Scientists and engineers estimate that one gram of plastic takes more than 450 years to be completely degraded which means the plastic that we use today will still be in existence for four generations to come.

Menace of plastic waste is a big threat to the existence of our planet. In this particular waste management essay, we shall be concentrating mainly on plastic waste because it is one of the biggest looming threats to our country. There are other waste as well which are organic and inorganic nature which can be artificially or naturally degraded but plastic is one such material where scientists have failed to find a suitable solution for degradation.

The solution to waste management cannot be implemented by the government or officers sitting miles away from your home. As the saying goes, charity begins at home, the solution to waste management should be started within our homes. Firstly while disposing of waste, segregation of waste into liquid waste, solid waste, organic waste, inorganic waste and plastic waste should be categorized well. Plastic waste should be as much as possible reused and the organic and inorganic waste, instead of throwing away, can be used as compost in our backyard or in our gardens. While waste management can start at our house, there should be enough awareness and educational programs that the government should conduct to make people aware of the impending threat of plastics in our society.

Other than the individual level, on a governmental level, the massive scale of waste produced by human beings in a country is in thousands of tons every day. The government has to set up recycling plants in every district and every village so that the waste produced will be recycled immediately within the vicinity without being dumped on the land or water which causes pollution in the ecosystem. Without proper recycling and reusing and disposable systems in place, man has been dumping harmful and toxic waste on land and water for many years, without realising the fact that this waste will eventually come back to man through food or through the very air we breathe.

Industries and factories dump certain toxic wastes and oils in oceans, harming the aquatic life on the planet. When this aquatic life is consumed by human beings, this will poison the entire food chain on all levels. It is said that harmful chemical such as zinc or lead or tungsten has been already penetrated through our food cycle. It is also estimated that people have started to consume plastics through food, agricultural food, and this can have catastrophic effects on human health.

I would like to conclude by saying that waste management cannot be done effectively if each and every citizen of the country doesn’t take cognizance of the problem. All that the governments and authorities can do is create a system but the onus of separating the waste and reuse and recycling lies on the shoulders of every citizen of the country. The international community has to come together and formulate proper laws and policies to prevent the dumping of harmful waste into our ecosystem and we have to prioritize the research and development to find innovative waste disposal solutions.

Short Essay on Waste Management 200 Words in English

Waste Management Essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Waste management has become one of the leading studies for academicians around the world to invent and discover new techniques to dispose of waste. Scientists and engineers are on the verge of creating breakthrough bacteria and viruses which can decompose plastics but as of now, there is no scientific solution to get rid of plastic from the earth. Organic waste such as vegetables and fruits can be decomposed through composting, landfill or any other forms. But disposing of inorganic waste and plastic waste has been a challenge for human civilization ever since the invention of these materials.

Prioritising research and development to create and form innovative solutions for recycling and reuse of plastic in organic and toxic wastes are important to prevent the impact of of the mountains of waste that we have already produced and dumped it on nature. The international community has to come forward and stop the dumping of toxic waste on our oceans, seas, lands and air. This will eventually come back to us and start poisoning our food cycle, which in a worst-case scenario, can cause millions of deaths across the world.

I would like to conclude by saying that waste management solutions should come from an individual level and not just from a governmental level. We all are the real stakeholders of nature and it is our responsibility to save nature from being polluted and depleted.

10 Lines on Waste Management Essay in English

Disposing of plastic and non-biodegradable waste has become a challenge for the globe.
Segregation of waste into plastic waste, organic waste, inorganic waste and liquid waste is essential.
Recycling and reusing of materials like plastic bags is one way to reduce waste produced on the earth.
Alternatives to plastic such as gunny bags, jute bags and paper bags should be widely used around the world.
Proper awareness and educational campaign should be conducted to make people aware of a safe waste disposal system.
Composting of organic waste within our house premises has a lot of good effects on the soil and air.
If landfills are composted with organic waste such as vegetable and fruit leftovers, then it can increase the fertility of the soil.
If we dump harmful and toxic waste on land and oceans, then it will eventually come back to us in the form of the food chain.
It is said that plastic and harmful chemicals used in pesticides and herbicides have already entered our food and human beings are consuming it on a daily basis.
The only known solution to reduce waste and to have a proper waste management system is for reuse and recycling at an individual level.

FAQ’s on Waste Management Essay

Question 1. What is waste management?

Answer: Waste management is a study or a discipline of science for finding innovative and sustainable methods to get rid of the waste produced by human beings

Question 2. What are the best ways to reduce waste from being produced?

Answer: Recycling and reusing are the only known viable ways to reduce waste production

Question 3. What happens if we dump the waste in oceans and other water bodies?

Answer: Harmful chemicals in the waste will be consumed by the aquatic life and this aquatic life will eventually be consumed by human beings and the poisoning of living beings on Earth will start

Question 4. How many tons of plastic waste is produced each year?

Answer: It is estimated that more than 3.5 million tonnes of plastic waste is being produced every year and there is no place or method to dispose of these plastic waste safely

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Environmental Protection — Waste Management

Essays on Waste Management

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Essay on Waste Management for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Waste management means management of all the activities of handling waste from collecting waste to transporting it to its final destination for disposal. Waste management is essential for the healthy functioning of human and environment. We are generating waste on a faster pace than the disposal of waste is carried out. Many kinds of wastes are generated such as solid, gaseous and liquid. All forms of wastes created go through different processes of waste management. Efficient waste management will lead us to safe and healthy environment.

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Long and Short Essay on Waste Management in English

Here are essays on Waste Management of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Waste management essay as per your need:

Waste Management Essay 1 (200 words)

Waste management is the overall process of collection, transportation, treatment and discarding of waste products, sewage and garbage. It also includes other legal, monitoring, recycling and regulating activities.

There are many forms of waste such as solid, gas or liquid and each has different process of disposal and management. Waste management manages different types of waste created by industries, household, commercial activities or natural waste. Large segment of waste management deals with municipal solid waste i.e. the waste created by industries, housing and commercial establishments.

The general concepts of waste management are waste hierarchy, that includes three approaches that are reduce, reuse and recycle. Second is life cycle of product that includes designing, producing, distributing followed by the 3 R’s of waste hierarchy. The third concept is resource efficiency that focuses on efficient use of resources. And the fourth concept is polluter-pay principle where the polluter-party i.e. one who generates waste has to pay for the impact caused to the environment. However, waste management carried on in developing and developed countries, cities and villages varies.

Inefficient waste management has several negative effects on health of living beings, environment and economy for e.g. air pollution, soil contamination, spread of hazardous diseases, etc. Waste management is aimed to reduce the adverse effects of waste on environment, health and the beauty of nature.

Waste Management Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Solid waste management has become a major problem in many underdeveloped, developing and developed countries. The chief causes of increase in municipal solid waste are overpopulation, industrialization, economic growth and urbanization.

Waste management is a global issue but its consequences are more pronounced in developing countries. In India, solid waste management system has failed to keep pace with social and economic development in several regions. The inefficiency in management of municipal solid waste can adversely affect public health, environment and our economy.

Chief Factors Influencing Solid Municipal Waste in India

Over population

Over population is the obvious cause for major issues of our country. Increase in population results in increase in solid municipal waste. High population leads to increasing demand of basic resources which leads to waste generation.

Urbanization

Increasing population, declining employment opportunities in rural areas and migration from rural areas to enjoy the benefits of urban economic and social growth result in urbanization are some of the other reasons. Urbanization is the major cause for global warming. Industrialization in urban areas produces large amount of waste in the process of production of goods and disposal of goods after use causing waste. In many cities, overcrowding has overwhelmed the capacity of municipal authorities to manage waste.

Luxurious Life

The materialistic perception and the need of luxury products have increased immensely to lead a comfortable and luxurious life regardless of whether it is needed or not. This results in more waste generation.

As the technology advances, the demand for new technology raises e.g. mobiles, TV’s, play stations, refrigerators etc. As a result old gadgets and electronics become trash.

Government should initiate awareness campaigns and advertisements informing people about adverse effects of excess waste. New and advanced technology should be used for the disposal of waste. Maximum recycling reuse of the waste should be encouraged.

Waste Management Essay 3 (400 words)

The term waste management means the management from collection of waste to the final stage of disposal. The complete process includes collection, transport, disposal, recycling, monitoring, and regulating along with the legal aspects that enable waste management. It includes all types of waste right from the household waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, sludge, health care waste and waste due to commercialization. The methods of waste management for different kinds of waste vary.

There are different concepts of waste management and some of the general concepts are as follows:

Waste Hierarchy

The hierarchical process of waste management includes reducing, reusing and recycling of waste. The most favorable in the waste hierarchy is to reduce i.e. to avoid the consumption and source reduction followed by reuse and recycle. Let’s have a look at all three approaches of waste hierarchy in detail below:

Reduce: The most preferred approach is not to create waste i.e. to avoid over consumption of goods and services, using eco-friendly products and saving energy. It also includes source reduction by reducing the inputs that go in the production process, production of durable goods, energy conservation and use of eco-friendly technology, hybrid transport, etc. It includes energy efficient production, packaging reduction and use of renewable energy sources.
Reuse: Reuse is another useful approach to reduce waste. This includes reusing packaging systems which can help in reducing disposable waste. Reuse also includes using second hand products.
Recycling: In this process, the used products are recycled into raw materials that can be used in the production of new products. Recycling of the products provides raw materials that are energy efficient, cost effective and less polluting. This also avoids the consumption of new raw materials.
Life Cycle of a Product

Life cycle of the product includes policy intervention, rethinking the need of product, redesigning to minimize waste and production of durable goods. The main purpose of the life-cycle of the product is to use the resources to the maximum to avoid unnecessary waste.

Resource Efficiency

Economic growth and development cannot be sustained with current patterns of production and consumption. We are overusing our natural resources to produce goods and services. Resource efficiency is the reduction of the negative impact on our environment from the production and consumption of goods. Reducing the use of energy associated in packaging and transport of goods by reusing the products. We are wasting our resources by wasting food, e-waste and wasting water.

Polluter Pays Principle

In polluter-pay principle, the polluter party i.e. waste generator pays for the impact caused to environment.

These are the most common factors of waste management. However, the waste management practices of underdeveloped, developing and developed countries are not uniform currently.

Waste Management Essay 4 (500 words)

Waste management is the complete process of handling, processing, transporting, storage, recycling and disposal of human, industrial and environmental waste. Waste management is a global phenomenon but its ramifications are more prominent in developing countries.

Solid waste management which is a very massive task is getting more complicated with rise in urbanization, overpopulation, commercialization, social and economic growth, etc. Institutional fragility, financial constrains and public attitude towards waste management has made the issue even worse.

There are several methods of waste management and some of the most common methods are as follows:

Landfills : Throwing away waste and garbage in landfills is the most common method of waste disposal. In this process, the odors and dangers of the garbage are eliminated. The garbage is then buried on the landfill sites. Landfills are also the cause of global warming which is why many countries are reconsidering the use of landfills.
Incineration : In this method, municipal solid wastes are buried to convert them into residue, heat, ash, steam and gases. It reduces the volume of solid waste by 30% of the real volume.
Recycling : It is the process in which discarded items are recycled for reuse. The waste materials are recycled to extract resources or convert into energies in the form of electricity, heat or fuel.
Composting : It is a bio-degradation process in which the organic waste i.e. remains of plants and kitchen waste are converted into nutrient rich food for plants. Composting is the method used for organic-farming that also improves the fertility of soil.
Anaerobic Digestion : It is also the process that decomposes organic materials through biological processes. It uses oxygen and bacteria-free environment for decomposing. Composting requires air to aid the growth of microbes.
Waste to Energy : In this process, non-recyclable waste is converted into energy sources such heat, fuel or electricity. This is the renewable source of energy as non-recyclable waste can be used to create energy again and again.
Waste Minimization : The simplest method of waste management is to create less waste. Waste reduction can be done by you and me by reducing the waste creation and recycling and reusing the old materials. Using eco-friendly products and reducing the use of plastic, paper, etc. is vital. Community participation has a direct impact on waste management system.
Gasification and Pyrolysis : These two methods are used to decompose organic waste materials by exposing it to low amount of oxygen and high temperature. No oxygen is used in the process of pyrolysis and very low amount of oxygen is used in process of gasification. Gasification is the most advantageous process as no air pollution is created to recover energy by burning process.

Environmental associations have established several methods in dealing with waste management. Strategies are designed by civic bodies keeping in mind the long term vision. The use of new advanced technologies for treating and disposing solid waste is also initiated. The concept of common waste treatment is being encouraged and promoted as it uses waste as resource as raw material or co-fuel in manufacturing processes.

Waste Management Essay 5 (600 words)

Waste management or waste disposal, include all the activities required to manage waste from its collection to disposal. Other activities are collecting, transporting, handling, supervising, regulating and discarding of waste and other legal procedures. We cannot imagine our environment with the waste chunks all around us spreading diseases and damaging environment. Waste management practices performed efficiently and consistently can benefit immensely. There are various pros and cons of waste management.

Let’s have a look at some pros and cons of waste management:

Pros of Waste Management

Keeps the environment clean: The process of waste management helps keep the environment clean though we all as individuals need to participate in keeping our surroundings clean to achieve the goal. Waste management units work to collect the garbage and waste materials from public areas and transport to the landfill sites and other disposal units for its disposal. The odor and gases from the garbage are eliminated before disposal thus the whole process results in keeping the environment clean.
Conserves energy: The process of waste management includes recycling. Recycling of the products helps in reducing the production of new products and raw materials. Recycling also helps conserve energy as the process of recycling utilizes less energy.
Reduce air pollution: Waste management helps reduce pollution and global warming. It reduces the intensity of gases like carbon dioxide and methane emitted from waste.
Generate employment opportunities: Huge amount of manpower is needed in all the sections of waste management. From collection to the final stage of disposal there are several job opportunities in waste management sectors.
Sustainable use of resources: Minimum use of energy and resources is planned in the process of waste management. The waste management concept life-cycle of the product aims the efficient use of resources.
Health: Exposure to waste can effect human health and cause several diseases. Waste management activities include collecting the waste from the landfills around us and transporting to the areas where the waste can be disposed in a safe manner saving us from several health hazards.
Inter-generational Equity: Effective waste management practices will provide following generations strong economy and clean environment.

Cons of Waste Management

Finance: The amount of waste generated is in very large amounts and so the management of it and the overall process needs a lot of planning and implementing of the various tasks. Secondly, lot of manpower and new technologies are needed to manage the various kinds of waste materials. The complete waste management system and the process of reducing, recycling and reusing in an effective manner needs a lot of funding and investment.
Health of workers: The process of waste management includes waste of course that attracts many insects, pests, bacteria and microbes, etc that can cause harm to anyone’s health. The landfills are highly prone to bacterial and fungal growth that may cause various diseases making it an unsafe place for workers involved. Harmful gasses are released in the process of burning disposal that spread widely endangering human health. The sites may get contaminated due to inefficient waste management effecting human health.
Inefficient waste management: Waste management in developing countries experience fragile waste collection services and inefficiently managed dumpsites. The waste management practices are not uniform in underdeveloped, developing and developed countries. Waste management units are unable to keep pace with increasing amount of waste generation.

Irresponsible discarding of waste and not considering its negative impact on environment and others is wrong. We all are a part of nature and it’s our duty to prevent nature from the hazardous effects of waste. As managing waste is a massive process it begins by keeping your surroundings clean and the rest will be taken care of by waste management units.

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Essay on Waste Management with Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages in 1000 Words

In this Essay on Waste Management, We have explained Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Waste Management in 1000 Words for Children and Students.

Table of Contents

Introduction (Essay on Waste Management – 1000 Words)

Types of waste management.

There are several methods of waste management, and some standard techniques are:

1. Landfill

2. destruction of waste, 3. recycling.

It is a bio-degradation process in which organic waste to plants is converted to nutrient-rich food. Composting is a method used for organic farming, which also improves soil fertility.

5. Anaerobic digestion

6. for waste energy, 7. waste minimization, 8. gasification and pyrolysis.

Both methods are used to expose organic waste to low amounts of oxygen and high temperatures. Oxygen is not used in the pyrolysis process, and tiny amounts of oxygen are used in the gasification process. Gasification is the most beneficial process because air pollution is not created to recover energy from the burning process.

Advantages and Importance of Waste Management

1. keeping the environment clean, 2. saves energy, 3. reduce air pollution, 4. job opportunities.

Large amounts of human resources are needed to manage all classes of waste. There are many employment opportunities in the final stage, from disposal to waste management areas.

5. Sustainable use of resources

7. inter-generation equity, disadvantages of waste management.

The volume of waste generated is vast, and therefore the planning and execution of various tasks are essential for its management and the overall process. Secondly, many workforce and new technologies are needed to manage different types of waste. Complete waste management system and efficient reduction,

2. Workers Health

3. unpracticed waste administration.

In creating nations, squander the executives’ encounters delicate waste assortment benefits and works wastefully oversaw dumpsites. Waste management practices are not the same in developing, developing, and developed countries. With the increasing volume of waste products, waste management units are unable to accelerate.

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Essay on Waste Management

List of essay on waste management in english, essay on waste management – essay 1 (250 words), essay on waste management: with concepts – essay 2 (300 words), essay on waste management: significance and conclusion – essay 3 (400 words), essay on waste management: with methods and conclusion – essay 4 (500 words), essay on waste management: introduction, methods and importance – essay 5 (600 words), essay on waste management: with advantages and disadvantages – essay 6 (750 words), essay on waste management in india – essay 7 (1000 words).

Introduction:

Due to impacts of environmental pollution, people have been more cautious on waste disposal. Waste management involves processes of collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. Depending on the different types and nature of wastes, their management differs.

Types of Wastes:

Wastes are classified into different types based on the physical appearance. Liquid wastes are liquid in nature, solid wastes are solid and organic wastes are organic in nature. Waste management for liquid wastes is different from solid and organic wastes. Wastes are also classified based on the degree of harm like hospital wastes are classified as infectious, highly infectious and general wastes.

The Process of Waste Management:

Waste management begins from the point of collection. It is necessary to segregate wastes from the point of collection so that the process becomes easier. The transportation of wastes is the next step and it is different for liquid, solid, organic, hazardous and infectious wastes. Disposal of wastes is the final step in waste management whereby incineration, burying, recycling and treatment of wastes is done.

Importance of Waste Management:

Waste management is aimed at protection of the environment and to enhance the safety of surrounding environment for humans and animals. Hazardous wastes are disposed far from reach of humans and animals to prevent harm. Environmental pollution is a major public health issue that is prevented by proper waste management because fewer wastes end up in the environment. Recycling as a waste management process enables saving of resources and prevention of accumulation of wastes.

Waste management in an efficient way is a necessary step to be taken in this developing world. With all the growth in hands, improper disposal of waste and carelessness have created many forms of consequences and inconveniences among us. Waste management means the proper processing and management of different types of wastes, from the time it is disposed of.

Wastes that are produced by human activities are nowadays disposed irresponsibly on roadsides, unused lands, etc. Lack of proper treatment of such wastes creates many problems like a bad odor, harmful disease-causing germs spread all over the place and more. Most commonly domestic wastes are being thrown like this by the people.

Waste Management Concepts:

Waste management starts with the collection of waste from the source itself. Transportation of such collected waste is another important factor. Once the waste is carefully transported to appropriate places suitable for disposal, then comes the processing and proper disposal stage of waste management.

However, there are many other important aspects of waste management. One of them is the three R’s concept: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Reducing the production of waste by controlling excess use of products, and also by the reduction of sources while the product is manufactured, will help in the waste management. Use more eco-friendly items so that they can be disposed of easily without polluting our environment.

Reuse is another concept of waste management in which the product instead of being disposed of should be reused in a more creative way. Waste management also means using a product till it completely becomes unusable to avoid excess waste disposal.

Recycle is the concept of converting the waste into the raw material so that they can be used again for the manufacturing process. This method of waste management will reduce the cost of production, pollution and will be of better quality.

Production of unwanted materials should be reduced to help in creating a better waste management hierarchy. We humans should be more careful in using and disposing of products after its use.

Waste Management is the systematic collection of wastes and its disposal. It includes proper recycling of collected wastes and generation of renewable energy from it. Waste management is the recent initiative taken by countries at local, national and international levels to care about planet earth. It is the responsible act to provide good environment for the present and future generations.

Significance:

In human history, waste management has become necessary after inventions and industrializations. Prior to industrialization, simple burying was sufficient to handle wastes, as they were mostly biodegradable. Equipment’s, utensils, tools etc., were passed down from generation to generation, as mass production was unknown in those days. But with industrialization and increase in population along with the indulgence for recreation, more than manageable wastes are getting produced day by day. Since, these wastes pose serious threat to health and environment, waste management has become one of the priority issues of the century.

Sources & Treatment:

Solid, liquid, and organic wastes are produced starting from homes to business establishments and industries. Each type of waste originated from these sources has different methods to systematically collect, transport, treat and properly dispose without affecting the environment. Apart from common wastes, there are also hazardous wastes that require special treatment. Hence, waste management plays an important role in the society to effectively handle these wastes.

Residential Waste Management:

Residential wastes consists about 65% of the trash generated from everyday activities. These are collected from door to door and segregated before disposal to landfills. The biodegradable organic wastes are composted and reused as manure. The non-biodegradable wastes like rigid plastic containers, glass, tin and aluminium metal cans are recycled for new use. The use of non-recyclable plastic bags and polystyrene foams cups have been reduced in the recent days and even banned by some local Governments. Electronic and other hazardous wastes require proper disposal through vendors, who specialize in their recycle process.

Business Waste Management:

Apart from the common wastes listed out under the residential category, business houses generate additional waste specific to their industries. They include construction debris, pesticides, automotive parts, electronics, pharmaceutical and medical wastes, etc. Relevant waste management techniques are included as part of their processes to sustain the environment.

Industrial Waste Management:

The challenges of waste management are higher for oil and gas, refineries and petrochemical industries, etc. Starting from construction of pipelines or production facilities to the end-dumps of processes, the challenges faced by them are manifold. Proper collection and disposal methods are introduced at every level for efficient waste management. These methods form part of their daily routine and are monitored by local authorities.

Tagline for Waste Management:

The best waste management tagline propagated the world over is 3Rs namely – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. At the first level, waste management would be effective if all individuals, corporates and industries take care to reduce their use of things. Secondly, if everyone could creatively find means to reuse the things that would contribute significantly to the waste management efforts. The final and important emphasis is on use of recyclable things, so that they do not end in landfills. Incineration of landfills, as a method of waste management, should be the last resort, as they cause air pollution.

Conclusion:

The Governments and Stakeholders in developed and developing countries have seriously taken up the cause of creating awareness on waste management. Through various media, the message is communicated to reach the communities. Stringent measures are also taken up by them against defaulters in businesses and industries. At a personal level, we need to be motivated to care for waste management in every activity of our daily living. This consciousness is required to guarantee the success of ambitious goals set by stakeholders.

The complete procedure of controlling, handling, storage, transporting, reprocessing and discarding of industrial, human and environmental waste is known as waste management. Waste management is a worldwide subject; however, its consequences are more noticeable in emerging nations.

Solid waste management that is a quite huge task is becoming more complex with growth in overpopulation, suburbanization, social and economic growth, commercialization, etc. Official insubstantiality, economic limits and public approach in the direction of waste management has converted the problem into the worse.

Methods of Waste Management:

The following are the common methods of waste management:

Incineration:

Under this method of waste management, public solid wastes get buried for converting them into heat, residue, steam, ash, and gases. It decreases the amount of solid waste by around 31% of the actual quantity.

Discarding garbage and waste inside the landfills is one of the most known methods of waste management. Under this method, the problems like dangers and odor of the garbage are eradicated. The compost is buried on the locations of the landfill. Today the landfills are also considered as the reason for global warming and that is the reason that numerous nations are thinking again about the use of landfills.

Composting:

Composting is a process of bio-degradation of waste management in which the organic waste i.e., leftovers of floras and pantry waste are transformed into the nourishment for floras. This technique is utilized for organic-agriculture which also increases the productiveness of the soil.

In this method of waste management, the waste items are reprocessed for using again. The waste things are reprocessed for taking out the resources or transforming into energies like heat, electricity, fuel.

Anaerobic Digestion:

Anaerobic digestion is the method of waste management which decays biological materials with the help of organic procedures. It utilizes the germs-free surroundings and oxygen for decaying. Composting needs air to help in the development of bacteria.

Waste Minimization:

It is the simplest way of waste management that helps in creating less amount of waste. The declination of waste can be performed by anybody by decreasing the waste formation and reprocessing and recycling the old resources. The usage of ecological products and decreasing the usage of paper, plastic, etc., is essential. The public contribution has a straight influence on the system of waste management.

Waste to Energy:

Under this procedure of waste management, non-biodegradable wastage is transformed into the sources of energy like fuel, heat, or electricity. All of these are renewable energy sources since the non-biodegradable wastage might be utilized for creating energy repeatedly.

Pyrolysis and Gasification:

These two techniques of waste management are utilized for decomposing the organic leftover materials by divulging it to little quantity of oxygen and elevated the temperature. There is no usage of oxygen in the procedure of pyrolysis and a very small amount of oxygen is utilized in the procedure of gasification.

The organizations that are working for the environment have created numerous methods that deal in waste management. The usage of new innovative technologies for handling and disposing of solid waste also helps in the direction of waste management.

Waste Management is arising as a major problem in almost all countries. In order to have a healthy life and a clean environment, managing of waste materials is very important. Imparting knowledge on waste management is the need of the hour. So, what is meant by waste management?

Waste Management refers to the process of removing waste and this includes each and every processes right from the collection of waste materials, transporting it, treating them and its disposal. Key factors such as increase in population, industrialization, urbanization etc., add to the excess generation of wastes. The percentage of waste generated is high compared to the percentage of disposal. Although waste management is a global issue, the worst affected are the developing countries.

There are different types of waste produced such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, house hold waste, waste from health care centers, organic waste and toxic wastes. These wastes are also in different forms such as solid, liquid and gas. The method of waste management differs according to the type of waste materials.

In modern methods of waste management, importance is given not only to clear waste but to convert them into useful substances.

Some of the common methods of clearing waste are stated below:

i. The most common method of disposing waste is throwing them in landfills which is then buried. This is one of the oldest techniques and this method helps in the removal of bad odor. But many countries are currently reconsidering this method as landfills are found to increase global warming.

ii. Recycling is one of the best method for waste management. In this process, waste materials are recycled and energy resources like fuel, electricity etc., are generated.

iii. Composting is another process where waste materials are turned into useful manures. This method is also called the bio-degradation process where the kitchen waste and remains of plants and trees are again converted into manure for plants. The fertility of soil is improved by this process.

iv. Organic waste materials are decomposed by two methods namely Gasification and Pyrolysis . In the Gasification process of waste management, waste materials are exposed to low amount of oxygen and high temperature and in Pyrolysis method no oxygen is used.

v. Non-recyclable waste materials are also converted into fuel, heat or electricity.

Apart from all the above methods, there is one simple method that can be practiced by everyone to reduce waste. Yes, the best way to reduce waste is to create less waste.

Why Waste Management is Important?

Waste management is very important to preserve the health of living beings and also to create a strong environment for the future generation.

Waste Management helps in reducing pollution and by adapting to efficient waste management techniques, emission of gases like Carbon dioxide and Methane from wastes can be reduced to a large extent.

Waste Management helps in the prevention of contagious diseases .

We saw that recycling is a method of waste management and it has a lot of benefits. When products are recycled, there is no need to produce new products which saves raw materials. The energy consumption will also be much less.

Waste Management is a big industry as it contains various stages and procedures. Human resources are required in large numbers at every stage. Thus waste management as an industry creates several job opportunities . People with less education and skilled labor can also be utilized in high number in this sector.

Waste management is insisted so much because our planet Earth has already started facing the consequences of dumping tons of garbage. The governments and the local civic bodies must create new strategies to reduce waste and should also create awareness among people on the benefits of using eco-friendly products.

Waste management is basically the management of every of the activities that involves waste starting from the collection of waste to the transportation of waste t where it is finally disposed. Waste management is extremely important for the healthy and sound functioning of us humans and our environment. Wastes are generated on an exponential rate when compared with the rate at which we dispose waste. We generate a lot of various types of waste including liquid, gaseous and solid wastes. All the different forms of wastes that are produced undergo a lot of various processes employed in the management of waste. When waste is managed efficiently and effectively, the environment would be healthy and safe for all of us.

Some of the many activities that are involved in the management of waste include transporting, collecting, supervising, handling, discarding and the regulating of the waste and all the other procedures involved in the management of waste. Our environment would be totally unimaginable with wastes everywhere spreading various diseases and causing serious damage to our environment. When the management of waste is done consistently, the many benefits to the environment can be very immense.

Advantages of Waste Management:

1. Waste management helps in keeping the environment very clean:

When we carry out the management of waste, we help in keeping our environment very clean and all of us as persons should do our very best to keep our immediate and non-immediate environment clean in order to achieve the ultimate goal of a clean environment. A unit of waste management collects waste materials and garbage from different places in the public and then transport the collected waste materials and garbage to sites of landfill and other forms of disposal systems and units that are used for its disposal. The different gases and odours that are emitted by the garbage and wastes are removed before the disposal and this makes the entire process result in a very clean environment.

2. Waste management conserves energy:

Recycling is a very important part of waste management. The recycling of all the various products and items helps in the reduction of use of raw materials for the creation of new items and products. Energy conservation also occurs during recycling since the recycling of goods uses less energy than the creation of entirely new goods from raw materials.

3. Waste management helps in the reduction of air pollution:

Global warming and air pollution can be reduced through the help of waste management. The intensity and the levels of gases like methane and carbon dioxide that are emitted and released from waste into the atmosphere are reduced through the help of waste management.

4. Employment opportunities are generated through waste management:

A large quantity of manpower and skill is needed for the various processes involved in waste management. Starting with the collection of the waste to where it is disposed, a lot of job opportunities are created through the management of waste.

5. Waste management encourages sustainability in resources use:

The process and system of the management of waste highly minimises the use of resources and energy. The use and employment of resources in an efficient way is encouraged by the life-cycle concept of waste management.

6. Health: If human beings are exposed to waste, the health of humans can be affected negatively and can result in a lot of diseases and illness. As we all know, activities carried out in the management of waste include waste collection from different landfills and the transportation of waste to places where they can be safely disposed without causing any harm to our health.

7. Waste management helps keep the future generation in mind:

By managing our waste properly we are providing the future generation with a clean environment and a very strong economy.

Disadvantages of Waste Management:

1. Finance:

Waste management on a large can require a lot of man power and technology to be carried out successfully. There is the need for planning and implementation of the many processes and activities involved in the management of waste. Also, a lot of varieties of waste need to managed and there is the need for different methods of waste management for the different types of wastes; this means a higher cost for the management of waste.

2. Health of Workers:

The management of wastes and all of the processes involved can lead to a number of fungal and bacterial infections and diseases on the part of those working in the waste management sector.

Waste management techniques have been in place ever since man learnt to live in communities and settle at one place. However, with the growing population, technologies and urbanisation, we have not been able to upkeep the waste management methods and thus this has created a problem of large dumping of wastes which are a cause of concern as on date.

Waste Management System in India:

Waste management in India depends on the standards of sustainable development, polluter pace and precaution. These standards make the regions and business foundations to act in an earth responsible and a mindful way by re-establishing the ecological balance, their activities in any manner upset it. The expansion in a waste generation as a side-effect of financial advancement has prompted different subordinate enactments for directing the way of transfer and waste management has been made under the Environment Protection Act (EPA) enacted in the year 1986. Explicit types of waste come under different rules and require separate compliances, for the most part in the idea of authorisations, upkeep of records and proper disposable mechanisms.

Waste Generation Statistics in India:

With quick urbanization, the nation is confronting monstrous waste management challenge. More than 377 million urban individuals live in 7,935 towns and urban areas and create 62 million tons of metropolitan strong waste per annum. Just 43 million tons (MT) of the waste is gathered, 11.9 MT is dealt with and 31 MT is dumped in landfill destinations. Strong Waste Management (SWM) is one among the fundamental thing administrations given by city experts in the nation to keep urban focuses clean. However, in a bid to keep the urban areas clean of waste, most of the municipal bodies dump large amounts of waste on the outskirts of the cities. As per specialists, India is following a defective arrangement of waste management and there is a strong need to correct it.

Effective Waste Management:

The way to effective waste management is to guarantee legitimate isolation of waste at source and to guarantee that the waste is recycled as much as possible and recovery of resources is done in a proper manner. In that case, the final waste is quite less and can be dumped at the landfills. Sanitary landfills are definitive methods for transfer for unutilised metropolitan strong waste from the waste of offices and different kinds of inorganic waste that can’t be recycled. However, the transportation of the waste to far away landfill sites is a costly affair.

Report by IIT Kanpur on Waste Management:

A report by IIT Kanpur in the year 2006 found the capability of reuse of at least 15 per cent or 15,000 MT of waste generated each day in the nation. This, the report stated, could likewise give work chances to around 500,000 rag pickers. The report included that in spite of monstrous potential in huge urban areas around there, cooperation from the community is restricted.

Waste Management Processing:

There have been mechanical headway for handling, treatment and transfer of waste in the last few years. Vitality from waste is a critical component of SWM on the grounds that it lessens the volume of waste from transfer likewise helps in changing over the loss into a sustainable power source and natural compost. In a perfect world, it falls in the stream graph after isolation, accumulation, reusing and before getting to the landfill. However, the irony of the situation is that many wastes to energy plants in India are not working to their maximum capacity.

Better Ways Ahead to Waste Management:

Establishment of waste-to-compost and bio-methanation plants would lessen the heap of landfill sites. The biodegradable part of India’s strong waste is at present assessed at a little more than 50 per cent. Bio-methanation is an answer to handling biodegradable waste which likewise remains underexploited. It is trusted that on the off chance that we isolate biodegradable waste from the rest, it could lessen the difficulties considerably. E-waste parts contain poisonous materials and are non-biodegradable which present both word related and ecological wellbeing dangers including harmful smoke from reusing procedures and draining from e-waste in a landfill into neighbourhood water tables.

Around 100 urban communities are set to be created as keen urban areas. Urban bodies need to redraw long-haul vision in strong waste management and modify their methodologies according to evolving ways of life. They ought to re-evaluate waste management techniques in urban communities so we can process waste and not just dump it. To do this, families and organizations must segregate their waste at source so it could be overseen as an asset.

Waste Management Rules in Place:

Bio-restorative waste rules, 1998 recommend that there ought to be a Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) at every 150 kms in the nation. CBWTFs have been set up and are working in urban areas and towns. In any case, the foundation of utilitarian CBWTF all through the nation must be guaranteed. Incorporated basic dangerous waste management offices consolidate anchored landfill sites, cementing/adjustment and burning to treat risky squanders produced by different modern units. They contribute about 97.8 per cent of aggregate landfill waste and 88 per cent of aggregate hazardous waste created in the nation.

We all need to contribute towards effective waste management in our country. The government has also identified some plans to get rid of landfill sites in 20 urban cities. There is no extra land for dumping waste, the current ones are already over utilised. It is accounted for that right around 80 per cent of the waste at Delhi landfill locales could be reused given the fact that community bodies begin enabling rag pickers to segregate waste at source and reuse it. Manure pits ought to be developed in each territory to process natural waste. Network cooperation has an immediate bearing on effective waste management. Recuperation of e-waste is appallingly low, we have to support reusing of e-waste on a substantial scale level with the goal that issue of e-waste disposal is managed. We all must ensure that we segregate all types of waste at source and help the government in the effective disposal and recycle of waste wherever possible. Otherwise, we may not even find aground to serve as a landfill site in the times to come.

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Essay on solid waste management.

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Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Solid Waste Management’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Solid Waste Management’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on the Introduction to Solid Waste Management
Essay on Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM)
Essay on Urban Solid Waste Management
Essay on the Safe Disposal of Solid Wastes
Essay on Resource Recovery
Essay on Waste Handling, Collection and Transport
Essay on the Sanitary Landfill for Safe Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste
Essay on Solution to Solid Waste Management

Essay # 1. Introduction to Solid Waste Management:

The Solid Waste Management is defined as ‘the source separation, collection, storage, transport, processing, treatment, recovery managing and monitoring and disposal of solid waste materials’. The management refers to the solid wastes produced by the human activity, and the process is undertaken to reduce their effects on the health of humans and animals, the environment and the aesthetics.

Waste management is a distinct practice from the ‘resource recovery’ which focuses on delaying the consumption rate of the natural resources. All waste materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive materials, fall within the purview of waste management.

The waste management practices can differ from place to place:

i. From affluent nations to not-so-affluent countries,

ii. In industrialized world and in places where industrialization is yet to take place,

iii. For urban and rural areas, and

iv. For residential and industrial producers.

Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually undertaken by the local government authorities, whereas management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

Improperly managed solid wastes pose a variety of risks to the human health and the environment. Uncontrolled dumping and improper waste handling causes a variety of problems, including contaminating water, attracting insects, pests, infectants and rodents, and increasing the flooding risk due to blocked or altered drainage routes such as rivers, streams, canals or gullies. In addition, it may result in hazards like fires or explosions.

Improper waste management also increases the production of toxic and greenhouse gases and their emission in the air and atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. Management of solid waste therefore presents an increasingly acute problem to the entire world with each passing day. Planning for and implementing a comprehensive program for waste collection, transport, and disposal, along with activities to prevent or recycle waste, can eliminate these problems.

In India, it would seem that barring the biomedical wastes and industrial wastes within the industrial estates, there is not much provision in the rules for the planned management of other categories of solid wastes. As a result, it is a common sight of construction wastes dumped indiscriminately; and the domestic waste not being collected and transported from residential localities by the civic authorities on a regular basis.

The result as we see are obvious-urban drains getting clogged by construction and domestic wastes in the monsoon season, thereby inundating the roads and houses, choked sewage lines, creation of breeding sites for flies, mosquitoes, and the accompanying diseases to the human population due to the viruses generated in the decaying wastes.

Essay # 2. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) :

ISWM is a comprehensive waste prevention, recycling, composting, and disposal program. An effective ISWM system considers how to prevent, recycle and manage solid waste in ways that most effectively protect human health and the environment. ISWM involves evaluating local needs and conditions, and then selecting and combining the most appropriate waste management activities for those conditions. The major ISWM activities are waste prevention, recycling and composting, and combustion and disposal in properly designed, constructed, and managed landfills.

The Waste Hierarchy :

There are a number of concepts about waste management. One such widely employed concept is the Waste Hierarchy’. The waste hierarchy refers to the three R’ namely Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, and classifies the waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of effective waste minimization strategies.

Globally, the philosophy of solid waste management hinges on the waste hierarchy, reduce, reuse and recycle. These three processes help to cut down on the amount of waste we throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy. A lot of study and research were conducted globally and the study is still on. Let us review these three processes.

Essay # 3. Urban Solid Waste Management :

Addition of numerous kinds of solid wastes in the soil is called landscape pollution or third pollution. In India, urban waste is growing at a phenomenal rate, hi Delhi alone, the current 4,000 tonnes of urban waste produced daily is expected to increase to 30,000 to 40,000 tonnes by 2020 A.D. During the mid-70s, daily per capita waste generation was 150-350 grams for most Indian cities, which increased to 350-530 grams in late 1980s.

Solid waste management involves collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. It requires mechanical, operational and management skills, all of which are not available in India. A recent study showed that the Ahmedabad city spends about 85% of its budget on solid waste management on collection, 13 to 14% on transportation and only one per cent on its disposal.

Almost 60 per cent of a typical sample of household garbage of a city contains organic and biodegradable matter while it contains 35% recyclable matter and 5% of miscellaneous matter.

Growing heaps of stinking garbage in Indian cities are a sufficient pointer that urban solid waste management in the country is an utter failure. It is mainly due to absence of low-cost waste disposal technology.

Essay # 4. Safe Disposal of Solid Wastes:

1. Segregation:

It involves separation of different types of waste materials e.g. biodegradable (e.g. refuge) from non-biodegradable wastes (e.g. scrap metal, glass, plastic, etc.) for their separating reprocessing for reuse.

Segregation can be done in two ways:

(i) On-Site Segregation:

At the point of generation of wastes with the cooperation of the waste producer (e.g., houses, industries, commercial establishments, biomedical wastes, etc.).

In compliance of the directions of the Hon’ble Delhi High Court, all the wastes generated at source are required to be segregated in two different bins w.e.f. 1st January, 2004. In view of this, it is enjoined upon the general public, owners of premises, offices, houses, bungalows and other residential and commercial establishments that they should keep two grabage bins (one of green-colour and the other of blue colour) in their premises for collection of garbage at source. The Green coloured bin/receptacle will be for biodegradable waste and the other Blue-coloured bin/receptacle will be for non-biodegradable waste.

The wastes at source segregated in this manner are subsequently deposited daily at the nearest garbage cycling station which has the facilities for their further processing.

(ii) Central Processing Facility:

It involves separation of different kinds of wastes by screening, air classifying and magnetic separators.

Biodegradable solid wastes are disposed by composting while non-biodegradable solid wastes are disposed by incineration, land filling, pyrolysis, etc.

2. Dumping:

In this, solid wastes are dumped into low lying areas and is also called land filling. The refuge is dumped in layers of about 1.5 metre and each layer is covered by good earth of about 20 cm thickness. Each layer is compacted by trucks to allow its settlement and then insecticides like DDT are sprayed on the top of each layer to prevent breeding of mosquitoes and flies.

The refuge gets stabilised generally within a period of 2 to 12 months during which organic matter of the refuge undergoes decomposition under anaerobic conditions into stable compounds. Such landfills can be used for developing parks or other recreational sites. So dumping is simple and economical method to manage the urban solid wastes and reclaim the low-lying areas for better use.

3. Composting:

In this, the putrescible organic matter of solid wastes is digested anaerobically or aerobically by microbial action and converted into humus and stable mineral compounds. Although aerobic composting is more attractive but it has drawback that most of the commercial plants have unacceptable odour. But is of much use that if its products are used as manures in soil then crop yield is improved and there is reduced need of fertilizers and pesticides.

Anaerobic composting is more advantageous due to:

i. No need of aeration.

ii. Produces biogas (55% methane + 45% CO 2 ) which can be used for heating or electric power generation.

Wastes also become free from most of the pathogenic organisms.

This method is best suited to Indian conditions since it solves three problems simultaneously:

(i) Disposal of solid wastes.

(ii) Disposal of night soil in the absence of proper sanitation.

(iii) Production of valuable manure for crops.

Composting can be done by one of the following three methods:

(i) Trench composting.

(ii) Open window composting.

(iii) Mechanical composting.

4. Incineration:

It involves the aerobic burning of the combustible constituents of solid wastes like garbage, rubbish and dead animals in the properly-constructed hearth of furnaces at high temperature (> 670°C). It reduces the volume of waste by 20 to 30% of original volume and makes the product stable. The final products are ashes and clinkers out of which clinkers can be used as aggregate for low grade concrete.

It can also be used to generate steam power (when burnt at about 1000°C temperature). Thermal incinerator or after burner is the instrument used for thermal combustion of low amount of combustible gaseous pollutants. This is also the ideal method for medical waste management as eliminates the infectious organisms.

But incineration technique also has certain drawbacks:

i. Incinerator ash is toxic and contains toxic chemicals like Dioxin (a chlorinated compound and adversely affecting humans and animals even in low doses) and mercury (damages the kidneys and brain).

ii. Its leachate can pollute ground water.

5. Pyrolysis:

It involves anaerobic destructive distillation of the combustible constituents of the solid wastes at high temperature (650° to 1000°C) in a pyrolysis chamber so as to recover the chemical constituents and chemical energy of organic wastes. It is an endothermic process.

Essay # 5. Resource Recovery :

‘Resource Recovery’ practice is a kind of recycling process that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as cartons, containers and a host of other things in such a way that they can be directly sorted out at the source for effective recycling without additional cost for reuse. The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.

Material for recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Known also as kerb-side recycling, it requires the waste producer to separate and sort out the waste products into different wheeled bins and prior to the waste collection.

Resource recovery uses the life cycle analysis (LCA) attempts to offer alternatives to the waste management. A number of studies have indicated that for the management of municipal solid waste which is a highly mixed waste, source separation and collection, followed by reuse and recycling of the non-organic fraction, and subsequently energy and compost/fertilizer production from the organic material by anaerobic digestion as a preferred solution.

The citizens may take cue from the artistic monuments of Chandigarh which are built using broken ceramics, glasses and metallic pieces, which are normally disposed of as waste.

It needs to be acknowledged that recycling too needs to stop at some point of time. We can close the recycling circle by buying things made from and packaged in the recycled materials. Eventually, the recycled materials need to be disposed of as non- recyclable wastes, and at that stage we need to look for ways for their safe and ultimate disposal, without causing environmental degradation which is the ultimate objective of waste management. At this stage, we need to look for safe methods of waste disposal.

Biological Reprocessing :

Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The intention of biological processing in waste management is to control and accelerate the natural process of decomposition of organic matter.

The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. Waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity and heat (CHP/cogeneration) maximising efficiencies. Proper treatment of kitchen and horticulture wastes not only ensures a better living environment but it also provides us with compost, a useful commodity.

Energy Recovery :

The energy contents of the solid waste materials can be harnessed by using the wastes as direct combustion fuel, or by processing them to generate another fuel. Thermal treatments vary since using the waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating, and the use of the gas as fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a turbine.

Pyrolysis is a thermal treatment where waste materials are heated to high temperatures. In this process, thermal decomposition of wastes takes place in controlled amounts of oxygen to produce valuable petrochemicals. The residue is a small quantity of inert char. Pyrolysis is carried out in a sealed vessel under high pressure.

Pyrolysis of solid waste converts the solid waste material into solid, liquid and gas products. The liquid and gas can be burnt to produce energy or refined into other chemical products. The solid residue namely the char can be further refined into products such as activated carbon.

Gasification and advanced plasma arc gasification (APAG) are employed to transform organic materials directly into a synthetic gas composed of carbon-monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is then burnt to produce steam and electricity.

In India, energy recovery techniques such as anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment, pyrolysis and gasification techniques are yet to be employed in any location in a big way. The gas recovered from solid wastes comes absolutely free, pre-processed and without further possible need of investment in terms of money. Only one-time plants need to be erected in places where energy recovery process is proposed.

In energy- starved country like India, energy recovery from solid waste that is generated in millions of tonnes daily offers an excellent source for generating alternative energy. What is required is conviction on the part of those in the governments at the helm of affairs in decision making, a one-time large investment in installing the energy recovery plants and subsequent maintenance charges.

Essay # 6. Waste Handling, Collection and Transport :

Waste collection and transport methods vary widely from place to place. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities, or by private companies in the industry. Some areas do not have a formal waste-collection system at all. In many parts of Europe and a few other places, the citizens use a proprietary collection system, which transports the waste through underground conduits using vacuum.

In the Canadian urban centres curb-side or kerb-side collection is the common method of disposal, whereby the city administration collects the waste and/or recyclables and/or organics on a scheduled manner. The rural population in these countries dispose of their waste by transporting it to transfer stations, from where the waste is then transported to regional landfills.

In a few countries, the civic authorities of the government collect charges from the households and industries for the volume of rubbish they produce. In some other countries, the waste is collected by the city administration if waste is disposed in the bags issued by the government. This measure has significantly reduced the amount of waste produced by the population and increased the volume of recycling.

The first step in the waste collection process is to sort the waste by type, and define what will and won’t be disposed of. Once the waste has been sorted, usually by the residents putting it in the proper bin or container, the next step in collection can take place. The first step in the collection process is to sort the waste by type and define what will and won’t be disposed of. Once the waste has been sorted, usually by the residents putting it in the proper bin or container, the next step in collection can take place.

There are a variety of pickup options. Trash can be placed on the curb near a home, and garbage collectors can go house to house and take it. There are also community trash bins in some apartment complexes, as well as county recycling containers for glass, plastic, paper and organic waste. Some sites may collect hazardous waste materials like syringes, which can’t be left in regular trash sites. The waste is taken from all of these sites on a schedule and then transported to a final destination.

Transport and disposal of solid wastes employing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and tracking by Global Positioning System (GPS) is nowadays employed to collect data on waste volume and presentation rate, and transportation of wastes by the pick-ups. Advantages of GPS tracking of the wastes is manifold considering the requisitioning of pick-ups to the places where collection of waste is to be made on a need basis.

In Israel a private company has designed a system which takes the collected trash from trucks and separates organic and inorganic materials by gravitational settling, screening and hydro-mechanical shredding. The system sorts out huge volumes of solid waste, salvaging recyclables and transforming the degradable wastes into biogas and nutrient-rich compost. This system is employed also in Australia, Greece, Mexico, UK and a few parts of USA. This system processes the solid wastes in the range of 150 tons per day.

Whereas the transport of waste within the countries is under national regulation of a particular country, the trans-boundary (across the nations) transport of waste is subject to international treaties. In this respect, the major concern too many countries is the hazardous waste. Under the Basel Convention, which is agreed upon by 172 countries, the movement of hazardous wastes from the ‘developed’ to ‘less developed’ countries is prohibited.

Nuclear waste, although considered hazardous, does not fall under the jurisdiction of the Basel Convention. The material containing the unusable radioactive by-products of the scientific, military, and industrial applications of nuclear energy poses a serious health hazard, disposing of such material is an important issue too.

Worldwide, a major section of environmentalists protest that the solid waste management by both landfilling and incineration is controversial. Incineration, in particular, is considered harmful to the environment, as it adds a lot of emission to the atmosphere accelerating the enhanced greenhouse of global warming effects, and aiding them to escalate even further.

Though there is an element of substance in such protests, controversies and demand for discontinuance of such practices, it should be simultaneously borne in mind that till safer alternative methods are discovered and put in place, the current solid management techniques need to be adopted for a comparatively cleaner life, since it would seem that there are no better alternative techniques to these practices in current times.

Solid wastes will always be generated and perhaps accumulated till they disappear, as long as the human species subsist. And, as long as human civilization is present, solid waste management will continue to be a matter of concern to be dealt with. It is just a matter of our ingenuity to innovate proper waste disposal with care that matters. It is further our own initiatives and resolve to find scientific methods with a human touch to get rid of the wastes that we generate that also matter while finding solution to this undying problem.

We need to conduct ourselves as ethical persons and ensure that the Earth’s resources are conserved in such a way that least or no waste is produced from these resources. With concern and love for our Planet Earth and its environment, and a starting action as awakening of responsibility, the end result is bound to be a zero-waste society.

Essay # 7. Sanitary Landfill for Safe Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste:

Sanitary landfill is a method of controlled disposal of municipal solid waste on land as landfills. The method was introduced in England in 1912. These landfills are isolated from the environment until they are safe to humans and animals. Sanitary landfills are known also as engineered landfills because they are engineered means of disposing of the waste.

In sanitary landfills, the concept of dumping and burying into the ground are followed, but all factors pertaining to environmental problems are addressed carefully, such that it is even possible to live near or on the landfill sites, and useful by-products such as methane can be converted to electricity for use by the inhabitants.

Engineered landfill operation has to be integrated with the collection, transportation and management of the solid wastes from individual households up to the landfill itself. The concept of waste management education is integrated to initiate the waste separation at household level itself and recycling becomes an industry with the participation of all at grass-root level to industry.

Types of Sanitary Landfills :

There are two types of sanitary landfills:

(i) Municipal solid wastes landfill, and

(ii) Municipal toxic wastes landfill.

In the first type, the household, commercial, institutional and industrial solid wastes are disposed. In the second type, wastes derived from oils, medical, industrial and commercial products, which if directly dumped into the environment will cause instant pollution and degradation of the ecosystem, are disposed.

The design and collection methods vary between the two types. It is important to distinguish the waste types to be disposed of, so that right type of engineered landfill may be designed. It is possible to combine these two types into one common engineered landfill, if the quantity of one type of waste is small compared to the other, to save the space and operational and maintenance.

Sanitary landfill is considered safe when it has completely degraded biologically, chemically and physically. Large landfills require more investment to improve standards than smaller sites. The unit cost of these landfills, measured per tonne of waste landfilled or per head of population served, decreases with increasing size of the site. There are financial and other benefits to sites with long operating lifetimes, say ten years or more. Large regional landfill sites serving two or more cities could be economically beneficial, if waste transport costs are not too high.

In a typical sanitary landfill the waste is spread in layers on land. The objective is to spread the layers and then compact them tightly, to reduce the volume of the waste. The waste is then covered by soil. Four basic conditions should be met by any site design and operation before it can be regarded as a sanitary landfill.

They are briefly discussed as follows:

(i) Total or Partial Hydro-Geological Isolation:

If a site cannot be located on land which needs leachate security, additional lining materials should be provided to the site to reduce leakage from the base of the site (leachate) and help reduce contamination of groundwater by percolation and the surrounding soil. If a soil or synthetic liner is provided without a system of leachate collection, all leachate will eventually reach the surrounding environment. Leachate collection and treatment must be stressed as a basic requirement in sanitary landfilling.

(ii) Formal Engineering Preparations:

Design of the landfill should be prepared after geological and hydro-geological investigations. A waste disposal plan and a final restoration plan should also be developed.

(iii) Permanent Control:

Trained staff should be employed at the landfill to supervise site preparation and construction, the depositing of waste and the regular operation and maintenance.

(iv) Planned Waste Emplacement and Covering:

Waste should be spread in layers and compacted. A small working area which is covered daily helps make the waste less accessible to pests and vermin.

There are two main methods used in sanitary landfills, the trench method and the area method.

Both of them are developed in similar manner excepting marginal difference. The waste is laid and spread in thin layers of about 1 metre, and instantly compacted by running heavy machinery such as bulldozers or rollers over it. Several layers are laid and compacted on top of each other to form a 3-metre thick refuse cell. (The basic element of a sanitary landfill is the refuse cell. This is a confined portion of the site in which refuse is spread and compacted in layer over layer).

At the end of each day the compacted refuse cell is covered with a layer of compacted soil to prevent odours and windblown debris. All modern landfill sites are carefully selected and prepared, as for example sealed with impermeable synthetic bottom liners, to prevent pollution of groundwater or other environmental problems.

When the landfill is completed, it is capped with a layer of clay or a synthetic liner in order to prevent water from entering. A final topsoil cover is placed, compacted and graded, and various forms of vegetation may be planted in order to reclaim otherwise useless land, like fill declivities (downward slopes) to levels convenient for building parks, golf courses or other suitable public projects.

Problems faced in open dumping (like insects, rodents, safety hazards and fire hazards) can be avoided with sanitary landfilling. A landfill should not be located in areas with high groundwater tables. Leachate migration control standards must be followed in the design, construction and operation of landfills during the use of the facility and during the post-closure period.

Most of the waste in a sanitary landfill decomposes through biological and chemical processes that produce solid, liquid, and gaseous products. Food wastes degrade rapidly, whereas plastics, glass and construction wastes do not. The most common types of gas produced by the decomposition of the wastes are methane and carbon dioxide.

Methane is produced by anaerobic decomposition of landfill materials, and is hazardous because it is explosive. Depending on the landfill composition, gases can be recovered and utilized in the generation of power or heat. After a sanitary landfill has reached its capacity, it is closed for waste deposition and covered.

In some cases it can be used as pasture, as cropland or for recreational purposes. Maintenance of the closed landfill is important to avoid soil erosion and excess runoff into desirable areas. Sanitary landfills are safe when they are completely degraded biologically, chemically, and physically.

Essay # 8. Solution to Solid Waste Management:

1. Reduce :

The ideal way to manage waste is to not produce it.

This can be achieved by shopping judiciously under a few principles as follows:

i. Products can be bought in bulk. Larger the products, they are more economical and they use less packaging materials that need disposal.

ii. Over-packed materials or those packed with several layers such as foil, polystyrene, thermoplastics, thermocol, paper and plastic. They are not only difficult to recycle, but we pay for the packaging materials too.

iii. Disposable materials such as paper plates, cups, tissues, razors and so on have to be avoided or minimized. Throwaways contribute to the wastes, and cost more because they need replacement. We can use cloth napkins and dish cloth instead of paper napkins.

iv. Only durable goods need to be bought, because they last longer and economical in long run.

v. In office, we have to print or copy on both sides of the paper since it reduces the number of papers used. We have to use electronic mail for correspondence and main notice board or routine information.

vi. As a society, we should avoid generating waste by buying items that have little or no packaging, rechargeable batteries and reusable materials, we have to lessen the detrimental effects on the environment by conserving water, fuel and energy.

vii. The electricity consumers have to unplug electronic devices when not in use, and use energy-efficient appliances.

viii. Pool up vehicular use by individuals or use public transportation; these measures along with regular servicing of the cars and maintaining correct tyre- pressure ensure less fuel consumption.

ix. Turn off the water tap while brushing the teeth and shaving; put off air- conditioners, fans and lights when not in use. These measures help reduction in pollution and warming effects on the environment.

Reuse in the context of waste management means that an item is used several times before consigning it to the trash. The fundamental aim of reuse is to put to use the items we normally throw away after use once, as for example, using lunch bags multiple times instead of throwing them away after just one use.

There are a lot of advantages in terms of economic and environmental sense if we reuse the products which are otherwise known as solid wastes or garbage. Further, often it adds to the creativity too to the individual in the course of reuse of the wastes.

Some of the simple measures for reuse are as follows:

i. Reuse the products for the same purpose. Save paper/plastic bags, and repair broken appliances, furniture, electronic goods and so on.

ii. Reuse products in different ways. For example, paper coffee cup to pack a lunch, and plastic microwave dinner trays as dishes.

iii. Used clothes, appliances, toys and furniture can be sold for reuse or donated.

iv. Ceramic mug can be used instead of paper cups, cloth bags instead of plastic bags; use own cloth bags for shopping.

v. It should be ensured that the article that is put to reuse has not undergone decomposition or degradation in such a way that it has become toxic or it has started releasing chemicals or it has started hosting bacteria or other microorganisms.

3. Recycle :

Recycling is a set of steps taken by appropriate processes by a manufacturer in respect of the production of usable new products from unserviceable/used materials. When the things are recycled, items such as paper, plastic, glass and metal are taken to processing centres. At these facilities, the recyclable products are cleaned and subjected to processes that turn them back into useable goods.

It would be appropriate for the local administration or non-governmental agencies to organize pickup of recyclable goods such as papers, cloth, ceramics, plastics, glass and metals from residential/industrial areas for industrial recycling to make them as recycled usable goods.

The common consumer products that are recycled are:

i. Aluminium metal from beverage cans, copper from used wire, quality steel from food and aerosol cans, and steel from scraps, construction wastes, furnishings and equipment.

ii. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, glass bottles, buckets and jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines and light paper, and corrugated and fibreboard boxes, and jute articles are also frequently recycled.

iii. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene and polystyrene are also recyclable, since these are composed of a single type of material, making them relatively easy to recycle into new products.

The recycling of complex products such as computers, cellular phones and electronic equipment is more difficult, due to the additional dismantling and separation of parts having toxic chemicals are required for them. The printed circuit boards (PCBs) in cell phones contain a host of toxins such as arsenic, antimony, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc.

Brominated flame retardants are present in the plastic housing of the cellular phone, printed wiring board, and cables. The lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries contain heavy metals such as cobalt, zinc, and copper. The other electronic products and therefore the e-wastes contain bromine, chlorine and phthalates which are hazardous.

There are a few simple steps that can be taken by the citizens as discussed below to facilitate recycling processes:

i. Buy the products made from recycled materials. The recycling symbol means either the product is made of recycled material, or the product can be recycled.

ii. Look for waste collection points and/or pickup services to see what they accept/buy, and collect, sort and accumulate those materials.

iii. Consider purchasing recycled materials at work when purchasing material for office supply, materials and equipment.

iv. Ask for such products in which packaging material is minimally used; that helps cut down on waste, such as recycled products and products that are not over packaged.

v. Use recycled paper for letterhead, copier paper, greeting and invitation cards, envelopes, bill-papers, notices and newsletters.

vi. We need to continuously look for new ways to recycle the materials that are currently non-recyclable items.

Recycling of solid wastes is a method that many countries are resorting to in current times. It not only facilitates the waste disposal, but also conserves energy, minimizes pollution, and preserves natural resources such as ores.

For example, manufacture of cans from recovered aluminium requires 10% of the energy needed to make them from original ore. Recycling ensures that the ore is saved, and the pollution resulting from mining and processing are avoided. Making steel bars from scrap requires 74% less energy and 50% less water, while reducing air-polluting emissions by 85% and mining wastes by 95%.

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Essay on Waste Management for Students [500 Words Essay]

January 5, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Waste Management: Effectively managing the segregation of waste and following the activities until their final disposal is termed waste management. The biggest concern about waste management technologies is to clear off the waste generated from every household. The process consists of several stages like waste collection, transportation and finally, disposal. Waste management is based on the type of waste, the level of harm it causes, and the waste’s infection quotient.

Essay on Waste Management 500 Words in English

Below we have provided the Waste Management Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

The whole method of managing, treating, storing, shipping, reprocessing and disposing of chemical, human and environmental waste is known as waste management. Waste management is a global subject, but its implications are more evident in developing nations. With the growth in population , sub-urbanization, social and economic growth, marketing, etc., solid waste management that is a relatively colossal activity is becoming more complex. Official insubstantiality, economic constraints and a public approach to waste management have made the issue worse.

Waste management is essential for maintaining living beings’ well being and also for building a healthy atmosphere for the generations to come. It helps to minimize pollution and can substantially reduce emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from waste by adapting to effective waste management techniques. It also helps in avoiding infectious diseases.

Methods for Waste Management

Incineration – Under this waste management system, public solid waste is buried for turning it into oil, dust, steam, ash and gases. It eliminates solid waste by about 31 per cent of the total amount.
Landfills – Disposal of garbage and waste within landfills is one of the most common waste management methods. Under this process, problems such as garbage hazards and odour are eradicated. The waste is deposited at landfill sites.
Composting – Composting is a method of biodegradation of waste management in which the agricultural waste, i.e., flora leftovers and pantry waste, is converted into flora feed. This method is used for organic-farming that often improves soil fertility.
Recycling – In this waste management system, the waste products are reprocessed for reuse. The waste stuff is reprocessed for extracting resources or converting it into energy such as heat, electricity, coal.
Anaerobic Digestion – Anaerobic digestion is the waste management method which with the aid of organic procedures degrades biological materials. It uses the surroundings free of germs and oxygen for decay. Composting requires air to aid in bacteria growth.
Waste Minimization – This is the easiest way to handle waste and helps to generate less waste. Anyone can achieve declining waste by reducing waste creation and reprocessing and recycling of old resources. It is important to use sustainable products and to decrease the use of paper, plastics etc. The public input has a direct impact on the waste management system.
Waste to Energy Conversion – Under this waste management process, non-biodegradable wastage is converted into energy sources such as coal, heat, or electricity. Both of these are sources of renewable energy as the non-biodegradable waste could be used repeatedly to produce electricity.
Pyrolysis and Gasification – These two waste management methods are used to decompose the remaining organic materials by exposing them to a limited amount of oxygen and elevating the temperature. Oxygen is not used in the pyrolysis procedure and, only a minimal amount of oxygen is used in the gasification process.

Waste Management System in India

Waste management in India relies on sustainable growth, polluter speed and precautionary standards. These principles allow the regions and business foundations to behave responsibly and conscientiously on Earth by restoring the ecological balance, their actions in some way upset it. The expansion of waste generation as a side-effect of financial development has prompted numerous subordinate enactments to direct the mode of transfer and was rendered under the Environment Protection Act (EPA) enacted in the year 1986.

When we see waste generation in the context of India, according to Environment Ministry of the country, “62 million tonnes of waste is generated annually in the country at present, out of which 5.6 million tonnes is plastic waste, 0.17 million tonnes is biomedical waste, hazardous waste generation is 7.90 million tonnes per annum, and 15 lakh tonnes is e-waste. Only about 75-80 per cent of the municipal waste gets collected, and only 22-28 per cent of this waste is processed and treated.” (source: moef.gov.in, Minister of Environment, India)

Plastic Waste Management Essay

Introduction

Take a look around, and do you find anything that is not made from plastic? The pen with which you write, water bottle, mobile phone covers, everything and anything that is near you is made up of plastic. In this age, plastic has become an unavoidable part of our lives, but we need to switch to eco-friendly materials. Have you thought about how plastic waste is treated? What will you do with your used refill of the pen, or where do all the plastic covers end up? The essay on plastic waste management will give you answers to these questions. You can check out other trivia questions on BYJU’S website and make kids’ learning interesting.

Although the answers are disturbing, as they mostly turn up in landfills without decomposing or get burned down by emitting poisonous chemicals in the air, we can tackle this issue if we follow certain measures. Plastic pollution is becoming a grave concern, and that is why we need proper ways for plastic waste management.

Causes and Effects of Plastic Waste

Let us understand the impact of plastic waste on the environment through this plastic waste management essay in English. But first, let us see how plastic waste gets accumulates in our surroundings. It is considered that human negligence is the main culprit behind the cause of plastic waste. We carelessly throw plastic litter around, and they remain abandoned, thus polluting water and land resources. Even after years, they will not decompose and find their way into aquatic life, thereby threatening their lives. We must treat plastic waste differently from other garbage, and this highlights the importance of proper plastic waste management.

Plastic waste has serious effects on both the environment and living beings. If we just throw plastics around, it will act as a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes and other insects and cause us acute diseases. As plastic waste does not degrade completely, they remain on the land for many years, which affects soil fertility. There is also a high chance of clogging drains and pipes when the plastic enters the drainage system. Besides, when small plastic covers and sachets are disposed of, they get eaten by animals and fishes, thus threatening their lives. Therefore, plastic waste is a grave threat to everything in the environment at all levels.

Ways for Plastic Waste Management

The best way for plastic waste management is through the 3 Rs – reduce, reuse and recycle. We can understand this further in BYJU’S essay on plastic waste management. We must reduce the use of plastic by carrying a cloth bag or paper bag while shopping and refusing to accept plastic bags from shops. We can also replace plastic containers with metal/wooden boxes to store goods and clothes. If you buy a bottled drink from a supermarket, remember not to throw away the plastic bottle after use, but instead, reuse it to store water or create something unique. In addition, we can recycle plastic and try to use recycled products. Apart from these, let us make a vow not to burn or dump plastics, as plastic waste management will only be complete with these measures.

If you found the plastic waste management essay informative, you can find similar essays on BYJU’S website to enhance kids’ learning experience.

Frequently Asked Questions on Plastic Waste Management Essay

What is meant by plastic waste management.

Plastic waste is a rising problem in the environment that pollutes air, water and land. There must be proper and effective methods to treat plastic waste, and this is known as plastic waste management.

How to reduce plastic waste?

Reducing, reusing and recycling plastic is the most sustainable way to reduce plastic waste. In doing so, the amount of plastic waste will decrease gradually, and thus we can save our environment.

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A critical review and analysis of plastic waste management practices in Rwanda

Review Article
Published: 10 August 2024

Cite this article

Gratien Twagirayezu 1 , 2 ,
Hongguang Cheng 1 ,
Olivier Irumva 3 ,
Jean Claude Nizeyimana 2 , 4 ,
Ildephonse Nizeyimana 5 ,
Philippe Bakunzibake 6 ,
Abias Uwimana 7 &
Christian Sekomo Birame 8

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Plastic products are now essential commodities, yet their widespread disposal leads to environmental and human health effects, particularly in developing nations. Therefore, developing nations require comprehensive studies to assess the current state of plastic and plastic waste production to enhance plastic waste management practices. This review analyzes the import and export of plastic and the production of plastic waste in Rwanda, aiming to improve waste management practices. This review used open-access papers, reports, and websites dealing with plastic waste management. In this review, 58 articles from the Web of Science and 86 from other search engines were consulted to write this review. The findings revealed that the daily estimated plastic waste produced per person ranges between 0.012 and 0.056 kg. The estimated amount of plastic waste generated per person per year in Rwanda could be between 4.38 and 20.44 kg. Plastic waste accounts for between 1 and 8% of the total municipal solid waste produced per person per day in the country, which ranges from 219 to 255.5 kg. The average annual amount of imported plastics could reach 568.2881 tons, whereas the average quantity of exported plastics could reach 103.7414 tons. This shows that plastic management practices have not yet adopted technically advanced or improved practices, which should concern efforts to protect our environment. This study suggests approaches that can vastly improve plastic waste management and potentially open massive opportunities for the people of Rwanda.

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Situational analysis of plastic waste management in India and Japan: cross-country learnings to increase plastic circularity

The plastic waste problem in Malaysia: management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste

Plastic Waste Management: Current Overview and Future Prospects

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Acknowledgements

The authors deeply acknowledge the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the “Light of West China” Program, and the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry for funding. Gratien Twagirayezu would like to acknowledge the ANSO Scholarship for Young Talents in China.

This research was financed by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1802601), The “Light of West China” Program, Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry (SKLEG 2022216).

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The research concept and methodology were developed through collaboration among all authors. Gratien Twagirayezu, Hongguang Cheng, Olivier Irumva, and Jean Claude Nizeyimana conducted the data collection and analysis. After Gratien Twagirayezu wrote the work, it was reviewed by Ildephonse Nizeyimana, Bakunzibake Philippe, Abias Uwimana, and Christian Sekomo Birame. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Twagirayezu, G., Cheng, H., Irumva, O. et al. A critical review and analysis of plastic waste management practices in Rwanda. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34572-4

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Two decades of advancements in cold supply chain logistics for reducing food waste: a review with focus on the meat industry.

1. Introduction

Objective and scope of study.

What is the current state of the art on beef CSCL in terms of management, sustainability, network design, and the use of information technologies for red meat waste reduction?
To provide an overview of the current state of the art and to identify the gaps and contemporary challenges to red meat waste reduction;
To identify key research themes and their potential role and associated elements in mitigating red meat waste reduction, especially across the beef CSCL systems;
To pinpoint the directions in each theme that warrant further research advancement.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. literature retrieval and selection, 2.2. extracting the research themes, 3.1. the literature review identified themes and subjects, 3.2. the literature’s evolution and descriptive results, 3.3. management, 3.3.1. logistics management and chronological evolution, 3.3.2. management and regulations, 3.3.3. management and collaboration, 3.3.4. management and costs, 3.3.5. management and inventory, 3.3.6. management and decision-making, 3.3.7. management and risks, 3.3.8. management and waste reduction, 3.3.9. management and information, 3.3.10. management and cold chain deficiencies, 3.4. sustainability, 3.4.1. sustainability and closed-loop scs (clscs), 3.4.2. sustainability and business models, 3.4.3. sustainability and wastage hotspots, 3.4.4. sustainability and packing, 3.4.5. sustainability and information flow, 3.5. network design optimisation, 3.5.1. network design and decision levels, 3.5.2. network design and the location–inventory problem, 3.5.3. network design and routing-inventory problem, 3.5.4. network design and the location routing problem, 3.5.5. network design and the integrated location–inventory routing problem, 3.5.6. network design and sustainability, 3.5.7. network design and information flow, 3.6. information technologies, 3.6.1. it and meat sc transformation, 3.6.2. emerging information technologies and meat scs, technical instruments, technological systems, 4. discussion, 4.1. management, 4.2. sustainability, 4.3. network design, 4.4. information technology, 5. conclusions.

Management: ◦ Effective management practices are crucial for addressing FLW in beef CSCL systems. ◦ There is a notable transition from LM to FLM and SFLM, with the potential for emerging technologies to create an “Intelligent Sustainable Food Logistics Management” phase. ◦ Suboptimal management practices continue to contribute significantly to FLW, underscoring the need for enhanced strategies and adherence to regulations and standards.
Sustainability: ◦ Sustainability in beef CSCL involves addressing social, economic, and environmental benefits. ◦ Reducing FLW can lead to increased profits, improved customer satisfaction, public health, equity, and environmental conservation by minimising resource use and emissions. ◦ Comprehensive research integrating all sustainability dimensions is needed to fully understand and mitigate FLW. Current efforts often address only parts of sustainability. A more holistic approach is required to balance environmental, economic, and social dimensions effectively.
Network Design: ◦ Effective network design and optimisation are pivotal in reducing FLW within beef CSCL systems. ◦ There is a necessity for integrating all three levels of management decisions in the logistics network design process. Decision levels in network design must be considered to understand trade-offs among sustainability components in this process. ◦ Future research should focus on integrating management decisions and network design, CSCL uncertainties, sustainability dimensions, and advanced technologies to enhance efficiency and reduce waste in beef CSCL systems.
Information Technologies: ◦ Information technologies such as Digital Twins (DTs) and Blockchain (BC) play a significant role in improving efficiency and reducing FLW in beef CSCL. ◦ The integration of these technologies can enhance understanding of fluid dynamics, thermal exchange, and meat quality variations, optimising the cooling process and reducing energy usage. ◦ Challenges like data security and management efficiency need to be addressed to maximise the benefits of these technologies.

Author Contributions

Data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

Scholar, Ref.	Year	Subject	Objectives I	II	Methodology	Industry (Product)	Measures to Reduce FLW
Gunasekaran et al. [ ]	2008	Logistics management	To improve the responsiveness of SCs	To increase the competitiveness of SCs	Group Process and Analytical Hierarchy Process	Multi-industry	-
Dabbene et al. [ ]	2008	Food logistics management	To minimise logistic costs	To maintain food product quality	Stochastic optimisation	Fresh food	-
Lipinski et al. [ ]	2013	Food logistics management	To minimise the costs associated with food waste	To reduce food waste	Qualitative analysis	Food products	Proposing appropriate strategies
van der Vorst et al. [ ]	2011	Food logistics management	To improve the competitiveness level, maintaining the quality of products	To improve efficiency and reduce food waste levels	Qualitative analysis	Agrifood products	The development of a diagnostic instrument for quality-controlled logistics
Soysal et al. [ ]	2012	Sustainable logistics management	To enhance the level of sustainability and efficiency in food supply chains	To reduce FLW levels	Qualitative analysis	Food supply chains	The analysis of existing quantitative models, contributing to their development
Bettley and Burnley [ ]	2008	Sustainable logistics management (SLM)	To improving environmental and social sustainability	To reduce costs and food waste	Qualitative analysis	Multi-industry	application of a closed-loop supply chain concept to incorporate sustainability into operational strategies and practices
Zokaei and Simons, [ ]	2006	SML, Collaboration, Regulation, Cost, Inventory, Waste reduction, Information sharing,	To introduce the food value chain analysis (FVCA) methodology for improving consumer focus in the agri-food sector	To present how the FVCA method enabled practitioners to identify the misalignments of both product attributes and supply chain activities with consumer needs	Statistical analysis/FVCA	Red meat	Suggesting the application of FVCA can improve the overall efficiency and reduce the waste level
Cox et al. [ ]	2007	SML, Cost, Decision-making, Risks, Waste reduction, Sustainability	To demonstrate the proactive alignment of sourcing with marketing and branding strategies in the red meat industry	To showcase how this alignment can contribute to competitive advantage in the food industry	Qualitative	Beef and Red meat	Emphasising the role of the lean approach, identifying waste hotspots, and collaboration in reducing food loss and waste
Jie and Gengatharen, [ ]	2019	SML, Regulation, Collaboration, Cost, Inventory, Waste reduction, Info. Sharing, IT, Sustainability, Sco	To empirically investigate the adoption of supply chain management practices on small and medium enterprises in the Australian food retail sector	To analyse the structure of food and beverage distribution in the Australian retail market	Statistical analysis	Food/Beef Meat Industry	Adopting lean thinking and improving information sharing in the supply chains
Knoll et al. [ ]	2017	SML, Collaboration, Regulation, Cost, Inventory, Decision-making, Risks, Information sharing, Deficiencies, Network design	To characterise the supply chain structure	To identify its major fragilities	Qualitative	Beef meat	-
Schilling-Vacaflor, A., [ ]	2021	Regulation, Sustainability	To analyse the institutional design of supply chain regulations	To integrate human rights and environmental concerns into these regulations	Qualitative	Beef and Soy Industries	-
Knoll et al. [ ]	2018	Regulation, Collaboration, Cost, Risks, Deficiencies, Decision-making, Sustainability, Information sharing	To analyse the information flow within the Sino-Brazilian beef trade, considering the opportunities presented by the Chinese beef market and the vulnerabilities in the supply chain	To investigate the challenges and opportunities in the information exchange process between China and Brazil within the beef trade sector	Mixed method	Beef Industry	-
E-Fatima et al. [ ]	2022	Regulation, Risks, Safety, Collaboration, Business model, Packing, information sharing	To critically examine the potential barriers to the implementation and adoption of Robotic Process Automation in beef supply chains	To investigate the financial risks and barriers to the adoption of RPA in beef supply chains	Mixed method	Beef supply chain	-
Jedermann et al. [ ]	2014	Regulations and Food Safety	To reduce food loss and waste	To improve traceability	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Proposing appropriate strategies to improve quality monitoring
Kayikci et al. [ ]	2018	Regulations, Sustainability, Waste reduction	To minimise food waste by investigating the role of regulations	To improve sustainability, social and environmental benefits	Grey prediction method	Red meat	Proposing circular and central slaughterhouse model and emphasising efficiency of regulations based on circular economy comparing with the linear economy model
Storer et al. [ ]	2014	Regulation, Collaboration, Cost, Inventory, Decision-making, Risks, IT, Sustainability	To examine how forming strategic supply chain relationships and developing strategic supply chain capability influences beneficial supply chain outcomes	To understand the factors influencing the utilisation of industry-led innovation in the form of electronic business solutions	Mixed methods	Beef supply chain	-
Liljestrand, K., [ ]	2017	Collaboration, FLW, Information sharing	To analyse sustainability practices adopted in collaboration, including vertical collaboration in the food supply chain	To explore the role of collaboration in tackling food loss and waste	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Investigating how Food Policy can foster collaborations to reduce FLW
Mangla et al. [ ]	2021	Collaboration, food safety and traceability	To enhance food safety and traceability levels through collaboration lens	To examine traceability dimensions and decrease information hiding	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Offering a framework for collaboration role in reducing info hiding and FLW in the circular economy
Liljestrand, K. [ ]	2017	Collaboration, FLW, Information sharing	To investigate the role of logistics management and relevant solutions in reducing FLW	To explore the role of collaboration in food supply chains	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Examining the role of collaborative forecasting in reducing food waste
Esmizadeh et al. [ ]	2021	Cost and Network design	To investigate the relations among cost, freshness, travel time, and Hub facilities vs Distribution centres	To investigate the product perishability effect in the distribution phase under hierarchical hub network design	Deterministic optimisation	Meat and food products	-
Cristóbal et al. [ ]	2018	Cost, FLW and Sustainability	To consider the cost factor in the planning to reduce FLW	To develop a method to reduce costs and FLW environmental effects and improve the sustainability level	Mixed method	Meat and Food products	Proposing novel methods and programmes for cost effective and sustainable FLW management
Esmizadeh et al. [ ]	2021	Cost and Network design	To investigate the relations among cost, freshness, travel time, and Hub facilities vs Distribution centres	To investigate the product perishability effect in the distribution phase under hierarchical hub network design	Deterministic optimisation	Meat and food products	-
Faisal. M. N., [ ]	2015	Cost, Risks, Regulations, Deficiencies, Collaboration, Decision-making, IT, Information sharing	To identify variables that act as inhibitors to transparency in a red meat supply chain	To contribute to making the supply chain more transparent	Mixed method	Red meat	-
Shanoyan et al. [ ]	2019	Cost, Risks, Information sharing	To analyse the incentive structures at the producer–processor interface within the beef supply chain in Brazil	To assess the dynamics and effectiveness of incentive mechanisms between producers and processors in the Brazilian beef supply chain	Qualitative	Beef Industry	-
Nakandala et al. [ ]	2016	Cost, Sustainability	To minimise transportation costs and CO emissions	To maximise product freshness and quality	Stochastic optimisation	Meat and food products	-
Ge et al. [ ]	2022	Cost, Decision-making,	To develop an optimal network model for the beef supply chain in the Northeastern US	To optimize the operations within this supply chain	Mathematical modelling	Beef meat	-
Hsiao et al. [ ]	2017	Cost, Inventory, Network design	To maximise distribution efficiency and customer satisfaction	ZTo minimise the quality drop of perishable food products/meat	Deterministic optimisation	Meat products	-
Shanoyan et al. [ ]	2019	Cost, Risks, Information sharing	To analyse the incentive structures at the producer–processor interface within the beef supply chain in Brazil	To assess the dynamics and effectiveness of incentive mechanisms between producers and processors in the Brazilian beef supply chain	Qualitative	Beef Industry	-
Magalhães et al. [ ]	2020	Inventory and FW	To identify FLW causes in the beef supply chain in Brazil and explore the role of inventory management strategies and demand forecasting in FLW issue	To investigate their interconnections	Mixed method	Beef meat industry	Providing a theoretical basis to implement appropriate FLW mitigation strategies
Jedermann et al. [ ]	2014	Inventory and Food Safety	To reduce food loss and waste	To improve traceability	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Proposing appropriate strategies to improve quality monitoring
Meksavang et al. [ ]	2019	Inventory, Cost, Decision-making, Information sharing, Sustainability	To develop an extended picture fuzzy VIKOR approach for sustainable supplier management	To apply the developed approach in the beef industry for sustainable supplier management	Mixed methods	Beef meat	-
Herron et al. [ ]	2022	Inventory and Sustainability	To identify the minimum shelf life required to prevent food waste and develop FEFO models	To identify the risk of food products reaching the bacterial danger zone	Deterministic optimisation	Meat products	Building a decision-making model and incorporating quality and microbiological data
Rahbari et al. [ ]	2021	Decision-making and Network design	To minimise distribution cost, variable cost	To reduce inventory costs, the total cost	Deterministic optimisation	Red meat	-
Taylor D.H., [ ]	2006	Decision-making, Cost Risks, Inventory, Waste Reduction, Deficiencies, Sustainability, Env.	To examine the adoption and implementation of lean thinking in food supply chains, particularly in the UK pork sector	To assess the environmental and economic impact of lean practices in the agri-food supply chain	Qualitative	Red meat	Suggesting the combination of Value Chain Analysis and Lean principles
Erol and Saghaian, [ ]	2022	Risks, Cost, Regulation	To investigate the dynamics of price adjustment in the US beef sector during the COVID-19 pandemic	To analyse the impact of the pandemic on price adjustments within the US beef sector	Mixed method	Beef Industry	-
Galuchi et al. [ ]	2019	Risks, Regulations, Sustainability, Soc., Env.	To identify the main sources of reputational risks in Brazilian Amazon beef supply chains	To analyse the actions taken by slaughterhouses to manage these risks	Mixed method	Beef supply chain	Mitigating risks
Silvestre et al. [ ]	2018	Risks, Collaboration, Regulation, Management, Sustainability	To examine the challenges associated with sustainable supply chain management	To propose strategies for addressing identified challenges	Qualitative	Beef Industry	-
Bogataj et al. [ ]	2020	Risks, Cost, Sustainability, Inventory	To maximise the profit	To improve sustainability performance	Mixed method	Beef industry	Incorporating the remaining shelf life in the decision-making process
Nguyen et al. [ ]	2023	Risks, Waste reduction, Sustainability, Cost, Inventory	To improve the operational efficiency	To reduce carbon footprint and food waste	Statistical analysis	Beef industry	Identifying the root causes of waste and proposing a framework composed of autonomous agents to minimise waste
Amani and Sarkodie, [ ]	2022	Risks, Information technologies, Sustainability	To minimise overall cost and waste	To improve the sustainability performance	Stochastic optimisation	Meat products	Incorporating artificial intelligence in the management context
Klein et al. [ ]	2014	Risks, Information Technologies	To analyse the use of mobile technology for management and risk control	To identify drivers and barriers to mobile technology adoption in risk reduction	-	Beef meat	Introducing a framework that connects the challenges associated with the utilisation of mobile technology in SCM and risk control
Gholami-Zanjani et al. [ ]	2021	Risk, ND, Inventory, Wastage Hot Spots, Sustainability	To reduce the risk effect and improve the resiliency against disruptions	To minimise environmental implications	Stochastic optimisation	Meat products	-
Buisman et al. [ ]	2019	Waste reduction	To reduce food loss and waste at the retailer level	To improve food safety level and maximise the profit	Stochastic optimisation	Meat and Food products	Employing a dynamically adjustable expiration date strategy and discounting policy
Verghese et al. [ ]	2015	Waste reduction, Information Technologies and Sustainability	To reduce food waste in food supply chains and relevant costs	To improve the sustainability performance	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Applying of information technologies and improved packaging
Jedermann et al. [ ]	2014	Waste reduction	To reduce food loss and waste	To improve traceability	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	Introducing some initiatives and waste reduction action plans
Mohebi and Marquez, [ ]	2015	Waste reduction and Information Technologies	To improve the customer satisfaction and the quality of food products	To reduce food waste and loss	Qualitative analysis	Meat products	Proposing strategies and technologies for meat quality monitoring during the transport and storage phases
Kowalski et al. [ ]	2021	Waste reduction and Information Technologies	To reduce food waste	To create a zero-waste solution for handling dangerous meat waste	Mixed method	Meat products	Recovering meat waste and transforming it into raw, useful materials
Beheshti et al. [ ]	2022	Waste reduction, Network design, and Information Technologies	To reduce food waste by optimising the initial rental capacity and pre-equipped capacity required for the maximisation of profit	To optimise CLSCs and to improve cooperation level among supply chain stakeholders	Stochastic optimisation	Meat products	Applying optimisation across reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains
Albrecht et al. [ ]	2020	Waste reduction, IT, Decision-making, Inventory	To examine the effectiveness of sourcing strategy in reducing food loss and waste and product quality	To validate the applicability of the TTI monitoring system for meat products	Mixed method	Meat products	Applying of new information technologies in order to monitor the quality of products
Eriksson et al. [ ]	2014	Waste reduction and Sustainability	To compare the wastage of organic and conventional meats	To compare the wastage of organic and conventional food products	Mixed method	Meat and perishable food products	Providing hints to reduce the amount of food loss and waste based on research findings
Accorsi et al. [ ]	2019	Waste reduction, Decision support, Sustainability (Eco., Soc., Env.)	To address sustainability and environmental concerns related to meat production and distribution	To maximise the profit	Deterministic optimisation	Beef and meat products	Providing a decision-support model for the optimal allocation flows across the supply chain and a system of valorisation for the network
Jo et al. [ ]	2015	Information technologies, Sustainability	To reduce food loss and waste levels, improve food traceability and sustainability	To minimise CO emissions	Mixed method	Beef meat products	Incorporating blockchain technology
Ersoy et al. [ ]	2022	Information technologies, Sustainability, Food loss and Waste	To improve collaboration among multi-tier suppliers through knowledge transfer and to provide green growth in the industry	To improve traceability in the circular economy context through information technology innovations	Statistical analysis	Meat products	Suggesting a validated conceptual framework expressing the role of information technologies in information sharing
Kler et al. [ ]	2022	Information technologies, Sustainability	To minimise transport CO emission level and food waste level	To improve traceability and demand monitoring levels	Data Analytics	Meat products	Employing information technologies (IoT) and utilising data analytics for optimising the performance
Singh et al. [ ]	2018	IT, Information sharing, Waste reduction, Decision-making, and Packing	To explore the application of social media data analytics in enhancing supply chain management within the food industry	To investigate how social media data analytics can be utilised to improve decision-making processes and operational efficiency	Mixed method	Beef and food supply chain	Highlighting the role of content analysis of Twitter data obtained from beef supply chains and retailers
Martinez et al. [ ]	2007	Deficiencies, Regulation, Cost, Inventory	To improve food safety	To lower regulatory cost	Statistical analysis	Meat and food products	-
Kayikci et al. [ ]	2018	Deficiencies, Regulations, Waste reduction, Sustainability	To minimise food waste by investigating the role of regulations	To improve sustainability, social and environmental benefits	Grey prediction method	Red meat	Proposing circular and central slaughterhouse model and emphasising efficiency of regulations based on circular economy comparing with the linear economy model
Nychas et al. [ ]	2008	Deficiencies, Waste reduction, Information Technologies	To characterise the microbial spoilage of meat samples during distribution	To assess the factors contributing to meat spoilage	Mixed method	Meat products	Identifying and discussing factors contributing to meat spoilage
Sander et al. [ ]	2018	Deficiencies, Risks, Information Technologies	To investigate meat traceability by outlining the different aspects of transparency	To understand the perspectives of various stakeholders regarding BCT	Qualitative analysis	Meat products	-

Scholar, Ref.	Year	Subject	Objectives I	II	Methodology	Industry (Product)	Measures to Reduce FLW
Mahbubi and Uchiyama, [ ]	2020	Eco, Soc., Evn., Management, Collaboration, IT, Information sharing	To identify the Indonesian halal beef supply chain’s basic system	To assess the sustainability level in the Indonesian halal beef supply chain	Life cycle assessment	Beef Industry	Identifying waste in different actors’ sections
Bragaglio et al. [ ]	2018	Env., Management, Inventory, Decision-making	To assess and compare the environmental impacts of different beef production systems in Italy	To provide a comprehensive analysis of the environmental implications	Life cycle assessment	Beef Industry	-
Zeidan et al. [ ]	2020	Env., Management, Collaboration, Cost	To develop an existence inductive theory	To study coordination failures in sustainable beef production	Qualitative	Beef Industry	-
Santos and Costa, [ ]	2018	Env., Packing, Management, Cost, Regulations	To assess the role of large slaughterhouses in promoting sustainable intensification of cattle ranching in the Amazon and the Cerrado	To evaluate the environmental and social impacts of large slaughterhouses	Statistical Analysis	Beef Industry	-
E-Fatima et al. [ ]	2023	Business model, Packing, Eco., Socio., Env., Management, Waste reduction	To investigate the financial risks and barriers in the adoption of robotic process automation (RPA) in the beef supply chains	To examine the potential influence of RPA on sustainability in the beef industry	Simulation	Beef Industry	Adopting Robotic Process Automation
Huerta et al. [ ]	2015	Env., Packing, Waste Management, Waste	To assess the environmental impact of beef production in Mexico	To conduct a life cycle assessment of the beef production process	Life cycle assessment	Beef Industry	Suggesting utilising generated organic waste to produce usable energy
Cox et al. [ ]	2007	Env., Business model, Packing, Management, Waste reduction, Information sharing, Cost, Risk	To explore the creation of sustainable strategies within red meat supply chains	To investigate the development of sustainable practices and strategies in the context of red meat supply chains	Qualitative	Red meat Industry	Proposing the adoption of lean strategies in the red meat supply chain industry
Teresa et al. [ ]	2018	Eco., Env., Business model, Management, Deficiencies, Regulation, Collaboration, Cost	To provide current perspectives on cooperation among Irish beef farmers	To explore the future prospects of cooperation within the context of new producer organisation legislation	Qualitative	Beef Industry	Highlighting the role of legislation in the joint management of waste
Kyayesimira et al. [ ]	2019	Eco., Waste hotspots, Management, Regulations	To identify and analyse the causes of losses at various post-harvest handling points along the beef value chain in Uganda	To estimate the economic losses incurred due to those factors	Statistical analysis	Beef Industry	Providing insights into potential improvements in the beef value chain management
Ranaei et al. [ ]	2021	Env., Eco., Wastage hotspots Management, deficiencies, Waste reduction, Regulation, Collaboration	To identify the causes of meat waste and meat value chain losses in Iran	To propose solutions to reduce meat value chain losses	Qualitative	Meat/Red Meat Industry	Identifying the causes and hotspots of wastage points and proposing solutions
Wiedemann et al. [ ]	2015	Env., Eco., Waste hotspots, Manag., Inventory	To assess the environmental impacts and resource use associated with meat export	To determine the environmental footprint	Life Cycle Assessment	Red meat Industry	Providing insights into potential improvements
Pinto et al. [ ]	2022	Sustainability (Eco., Evo., Soc.) Management	To explore the sustainable management and utilisation of animal by-products and food waste in the meat industry	To analyse the food loss and waste valorisation of animal by-products	Mixed method	Meat products and industry	Employing the CE concept in the context of the meat supply chain suggested the development of effective integrated logistics for wasted product collection
Chen et al. [ ]	2021	Sustainability (Env.) and Management	To identify existing similarities among animal-based supply chains	To measure the reduction effect of interventions applied	Mixed method	Beef meat and food products	Applying the food waste reduction scenario known to be effective in emission reduction
Martínez and Poveda, [ ]	2022	Sustainability (Env.), Management	To minimise environmental impacts by exploring refrigeration system characteristics	To develop refrigeration systems-based policies for improving food quality	Mixed method	Meat and food products	-
Peters et al. [ ]	2010	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots	To assess the environmental impacts of red meat in a lifecycle scope	To compare the findings with similar cases across the world	Life Cycle Impact Assessment	Beef meat and red meat	-
Soysal et al. [ ]	2014	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots, Network Design	To minimise inventory and transportation costs	To minimise CO emissions	Deterministic optimisation	Beef meat	-
Mohebalizadehgashti et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots, Network Design	To maximise facility capacity, minimise total cost	To minimise CO emissions	Deterministic optimisation	Meat products	-
Fattahi et al. [ ]	2013	Sustainability (Env.), Packing, Management	To develop a model for measuring the performance of meat SC	To analyse the operational efficiency of meat SC	Mixed method	Meat products	-
Florindo et al. [ ]	2018	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots, Management	To reduce carbon footprint	To evaluate performance	Mixed method	Beef meat	-
Diaz et al. [ ]	2021	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots	To conduct a lifecycle-based study to find the impact of energy efficiency measures	To evaluate environmental impacts and to optimise the energy performance	Life Cycle Impact Assessment	Beef meat	Reconversing of Energy from Food Waste through Anaerobic Processes
Schmidt et al. [ ]	2022	Sustainability (Env.), Wastage hotspots, Management, Information Technologies	To optimise the supply chain by considering food traceability, economic, and environmental issues	To reduce the impact and cost of recalls in case of food safety issues	Deterministic optimisation	Meat products	-
Mohammed and Wang, [ ]	2017	Sustainability (Eco.) Management, Decision-making, Network design	To minimise total cost, To maximise delivery rate	To minimise CO emissions and distribution time	Stochastic optimisation	Meat products	-
Asem-Hiablie et al. [ ]	2019	Sustainability (Env.), energy consumption, greenhouse gas	To quantify the sustainability impacts associated with beef products	To identify opportunities for reducing its environmental impacts	Life cycle assessment	Beef industry	-
Bottani et al. [ ]	2019	Sustainability (Eco., and Env.), Packaging, Waste management	To conduct an economic assessment of various reverse logistics scenarios for food waste recovery	To perform an environmental assessment for them	Life cycle assessment	Meat and food industry	Examining and employing different reverse logistics scenarios
Kayikci et al. [ ]	2018	Sustainability (Eco., Soc., Env.) Management, Regulations, Waste reduction	To minimise food waste by investigating the role of regulations	To improve sustainability, social and environmental benefits	Grey prediction method	Red meat	Proposing circular and central slaughterhouse model and emphasising efficiency of regulations based on circular economy comparing with the linear economy model
Tsakiridis et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Env.), Information technologies	To compare the economic and environmental impact of aquatic and livestock products	To employ environmental impacts into the Bio-Economy model	Life cycle assessment	Beef and meat products	-
Jo et al. [ ]	2015	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.), Management, Cost, Food Safety, Risks, Information Technologies	To reduce food loss and waste levels, improve food traceability and sustainability	To minimise CO emissions	Mixed method	Beef meat products	Incorporating blockchain technology
Jeswani et al. [ ]	2021	Sustainability (Env.), Waste management	To assess the extent of food waste generation in the UK	To evaluate its environmental impacts	Life cycle assessment	Meat products	Quantifying the extent of FW and impact assessment
Accorsi et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.), Waste Management, Decision-making, Network design (LIP)	To reduce waste and enhance sustainability performance	To assess the economic and environmental implications of the proposed FSC	Deterministic optimisation	Meat and food industry	Designing a closed-loop packaging network
Chen et al. [ ]	2021	Sustainability (Env.) and Waste Management	To identify the environmental commonality among selected FSCs	To measure the reduction effect of novel interventions for market characteristics	Life cycle assessment	Beef meat and food products	Confirming the efficiency of food waste management and reduction scenario
Sgarbossa et al. [ ]	2017	Sustainability (Eco., Evo., Soc.) Network design	To develop a sustainable model for CLSC	To incorporate all three dimensions of sustainability	Deterministic optimisation	Meat products	Converting food waste into an output of a new supply chain
Zhang et al. [ ]	2022	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.), Packaging, Network design	To maximise total profit	To minimise environmental impact, carbon emissions	Stochastic optimisation	Meat and food products	Using Returnable transport items instead of one-way packaging
Irani and Sharif., [ ]	2016	Sustainability (Soc.) Management, IT	To explore sustainable food security futures	To provide perspectives on FW and IT across the food supply chain	Qualitative analysis	Meat and food products	Discussing potential strategies for waste reduction
Martindale et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.), Management, food safety, IT (BCT)	To develop CE theory application in FSCs by employing a large geographical database	To test the data platforms for improving sustainability	Mixed method	Meat and food products	-
Mundler, and Laughrea, [ ]	2016	Sustainability (Eco., Env., Soc.)	To evaluate short food supply chains’ contributions to the territorial development	To characterise their economic, social, and environmental benefits	Mixed method	Meat and food products	-
Vittersø et al. [ ]	2019	Sustainability (Eco., Env., Soc.)	To explore the contributions of short food supply chains to sustainability	To understand its impact on all sustainability dimensions	Mixed method	Meat and food products	-
Bernardi and Tirabeni, [ ]	2018	Sustainability (Eco., Env., Soc.)	To explore alternative food networks as sustainable business models	To explore the potentiality of the sustainable business model proposed	Mixed method	Meat and food products	Emphasising the role of accurate demand forecast
Bonou et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Env.)	To evaluate the environmental impact of using six different cooling technologies	To conduct a comparative study of pork supply chain efficiency	Life cycle assessment	Pork products	-
Apaiah et al. [ ]	2006	Sustainability (Env.), Energy consumption	To examine and measure the environmental sustainability of food supply chains using exergy analysis	To identify improvement areas to diminish their environmental implications	Exergy analysis	Meat products	-
Peters et al. [ ]	2010	Sustainability (Env.), energy consumption, greenhouse gas	To assess greenhouse gas emissions and energy use levels of red meat products in Australia	To compare its environmental impacts with other countries	Life cycle assessment	Red meat products	-
Farooque et al. [ ]	2019	Sustainability (Env., and Eco.) Management, Regulation, Collaboration	To identify barriers to employing the circular economy concept in food supply chains	To analyse the relationship of identified barriers	Mixed method	Food products	Employing the CE concept in the context of the food supply chain
Kaipia et al. [ ]	2013	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.) Management, Inventory, Information Technologies	To improve sustainability performance via information sharing	To reduce FLW level	Qualitative analysis	Food products	Incorporating demand and shelf-life data information sharing effect
Majewski et al. [ ]	2020	Sustainability (Env.) and Waste management	To determine the environmental impact of short and longfood supply chains	To compare the environmental sustainability of short and long-food supply chains	Life cycle assessment	Food products	-
Rijpkema et al. [ ]	2014	Sustainability (Eco. and Env.) Management, Waste reduction, Information Technologies	To create effective sourcing strategies for supply chains dealing with perishable products	To provide a method to reduce food waste and loss amounts	Simulation model	Food products	Proposing effective sourcing strategies

Scholar, Ref.	Year	Modelling Stages: Single or Multi	Solving Approach	Objectives I	II/III	Model Type	Supply Chain Industry (Product)	Main Attributes
Domingues Zucchi et al. [ ]	2011	M	Metaheuristic/GA and CPLEX	To minimise the cost of facility installation	To minimise costs for sea and road transportation	MIP	Beef meat	LP
Soysal et al. [ ]	2014	S	ε-constraint method	To minimise inventory and transportation cost	To minimise CO emissions	LP	Beef meat	PIAP
Rahbari et al. [ ]	2021	M	GAMS	To minimise total cost	To minimise inventory, transport, storage costs	MIP	Red meat	PLIRP
Rahbari et al. [ ]	2020	S	GAMS	To minimise total cost		MIP	Red meat	PLIRP
Neves-Moreira et al. [ ]	2019	S	Metaheuristic	To minimise routing cost	To minimise inventory holding cost	MIP	Meat	PRP
Mohammadi et al. [ ]	2023	S	Pre-emptive fuzzy goal programming	To maximise total profit	To minimise adverse environmental impacts	MINLP	Meat/Perishable food products	LIP
Mohebalizadehgashti et al. [ ]	2020	S	ε-constraint method	To maximise facility capacity, minimise total cost	To minimise CO emissions	MILP	Meat	LAP
Mohammed and Wang, [ ]	2017a	S	LINGO	To minimise total cost	To minimise number of vehicles/delivery time	MOPP	Meat	LRP
Mohammed and Wang, [ ]	2017b	S	LINGO	To minimise otal cost, to maximise delivery rate	To minimise CO emissions and distribution time	FMOP	Meat	LRP
Gholami Zanjani et al. [ ]	2021	M	Metaheuristic	To improve the resilience and sustainability	To minimise inventory holding cost	MP	Meat	IP
Tarantilis and Kiranoudis, [ ]	2002	S	Metaheuristic	To minimise total cost	To maximise the efficiency of distribution	OMDVRP	Meat	LRP
Dorcheh and Rahbari, [ ]	2023	M	GAMS	To minimise total cost	To minimise CO emissions	MP	Meat/Poultry	IRP
Al Theeb et al. [ ]	2020	M	Heuristic CPLEX	To minimise total cost, holding costs, and penalty cost	To maximise the efficiency of transport and distribution phase	MILP	Meat/Perishable food products	IRP
Moreno et al. [ ]	2020	S	Metaheuristic/hybrid approach	To maximise the profit	To minimise the costs, delivery times	MIP	Meat	LRP
Javanmard et al. [ ]	2014	S	Metaheuristic/Imperialist competitive algorithm	To minimise inventory holding cost	To minimise total cost	NS	Food and Meat	IRP
Ge et al. [ ]	2022	S	Heuristic algorithm	To develop an optimal network model for the beef supply chain in the Northeastern US	To optimize the operations within this supply chain	MILP	Beef meat	LRP
Hsiao et al. [ ]	2017	S	Metaheuristic/GA	To maximise distribution efficiency and customer satisfaction	To minimise the quality drop of perishable food products/meat	MILP *	Meat/Perishable food products	LRP
Govindan et al. [ ]	2014	M	Metaheuristic/MHPV	To minimise carbon footprint	To minimise of the cost of greenhouse gas emissions	MOMIP *	Perishable food products	LRP
Zhang et al. [ ]	2003	S	Metaheuristic	To minimise cost, food safety risks	To maximise the distribution efficiency	MP *	Perishable food products	LRP
Wang and Ying, [ ]	2012	S	Heuristic, Lagrange slack algorithm	To maximise the delivery efficiency	To minimise the total costs	MINLP *	Perishable food products	LRP
Liu et al. [ ]	2021	S	YALMIP toolbox	To minimise cost and carbon emission	To maximise product freshness	MP/MINLP	Perishable food products	LIRP
Dia et al. [ ]	2018	S	Metaheuristic/GA	To minimise total cost	To reduce greenhouse gas emissions/maximise facility capacity	MINLP	Perishable food products	LIP
Saragih et al. [ ]	2019	S	Simulated annealing	To fix warehouse cost	To minimise nventory cost, holding cost, and total cost	MINLP	Food products	LIRP
Biuki et al. [ ]	2020	M	GA and PSO	To incorporate the three dimensions of sustainability	To minimise total cost, maximise facility capacity	MIP *	Perishable products	LIRP
Hiassat et al. [ ]	2017	S	Genetic algorithm	To implement facility and inventory storage cost	To minimise routing cost	MIP	Perishable products	LIRP
Le et al. [ ]	2013	S	Heuristic- Column generation	To minimise transport cost	To minimise inventory cost	MP	Perishable products	IRP
Wang et al. [ ]	2016	S	Two-phase Heuristic and Genetic algorithm	To minimise total cost	To maximise the freshness of product quality	MP	Perishable food products	RP
Rafie-Majd et al. [ ]	2018	S	Lagrangian relaxation/GAMS	To minimise total cost	To minimise product wastage	MINLP *	Perishable products	LIRP

Scholar, Ref.	Year	Subject	Objectives I	II	Methodology	Industry (Product)	Measures to Reduce FLW
Singh et al. [ ]	2018	Information technologies, Sustainability, Regulations, Management	To measure greenhouse emission levels and select green suppliers with top-quality products	To reduce carbon footprint and environmental implications	Mixed method	Beef supply chain	-
Singh et al. [ ]	2015	Information technologies, Sus. (Env.), Inventory, Collaboration, Management	To reduce carbon footprint and carbon emissions	To propose an integrated system for beef supply chain via the application of IT	Simulation	Beef supply chain	-
Juan et al. [ ]	2014	Information technologies, Management, Inventory, Collaboration, Management	To explore the role of supply chain practices, strategic alliance, customer focus, and information sharing on food quality	To explore the role of lean system and cooperation, trust, commitment, and information quality on food quality	Statistical analysis	Beef supply chain	By application of IT and Lean system strategy
Zhang et al. [ ]	2020	Information technologies, Management, Inventory, Food quality and safety	To develop a performance-driven conceptual framework regarding product quality information in supply chains	To enhance the understanding of the impact of product quality information on performance	Statistical analysis	Red meat supply chain	-
Cao et al. [ ]	2021	IT, Blockchain, Management, Regulation, Collaboration, Risks, Cost, Waste reduction	To enhance consumer trust in the beef supply chain traceability through the implementation of a blockchain-based human–machine reconciliation mechanism	To investigate the role of blockchain technology in improving transparency and trust within the beef supply chain	Mixed method	Beef products	By applying new information technologies
Kassahun et al. [ ]	2016	IT and ICTs	To provide a systematic approach for designing and implementing chain-wide transparency systems	To design and implement a transparency system/software for beef supply chains	Simulation	Beef meat Industry	By improving the traceability
Ribeiro et al. [ ]	2011	IT and ICTs	To present and discuss the application of RFID technology in Brazilian harvest facilities	To analyse the benefits and challenges of implementing RFID	Qualitative	Beef Industry	-
Jo et al. [ ]	2015	IT (BCT) Sustainability (Eco. and Env.), Management, Cost, Food safety, Risks	To reduce food loss and waste levels, improve food traceability and sustainability	To minimise CO emissions	Mixed method	Beef meat products	By incorporating blockchain technology
Rejeb, A., [ ]	2018	IT (IoT, BCT), Management, risks, food safety	To propose a traceability system for the Halal meat supply chain	To mitigate the centralised, opaque issues and the lack of transparency in traceability systems	Mixed method	Beef meat and meat products	-
Cao et al. [ ]	2022	IT and blockchain, Management, Collaboration, Risk, Cost, Sustainability	To propose a blockchain-based multisignature approach for supply chain governance	To present a specific use case from the Australian beef industry	A novel blockchain-based multi-signature approach	Beef Industry	-
Kuffi et al. [ ]	2016	Digital 3D geometry scanning	To develop a CFD model to predict the changes in temperature and pH distribution of a beef carcass during chilling	To improve the performance of industrial cooling of large beef carcasses	Simulations	Beef meat products	-
Powell et al. [ ]	2022	Information technologies, (IoT and BCT)	To examine the link between IoT and BCT in FSC for traceability improvement	To propose solutions for data integrity and trust in the BCT and IoT-enabled food SCs	Mixed method	Beef meat products	-
Jedermann et al. [ ]	2014	Management, Regulations and Food Safety, FW, Information sharing, RFID	To reduce food loss and waste	To improve traceability	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	By proposing appropriate strategies to improve quality monitoring
Liljestrand, K., [ ]	2017	Collaboration, FLW, Information sharing	To analyse sustainability practices adopted in collaboration, including vertical collaboration in the food supply chain	To explore the role of collaboration in tackling food loss and waste	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	By investigating how Food Policy can foster collaborations to reduce FLW
Liljestrand, K., [ ]	2017	Collaboration, FLW, Information sharing	To analyse sustainability practices adopted in collaboration, including vertical collaboration in the food supply chain	To explore the role of collaboration in tackling food loss and waste	Qualitative analysis	Meat and Food products	By investigating how Food Policy can foster collaborations to reduce FLW
Harvey, J. et al. [ ]	2020	IT and ICTs, Sustainability (Env. and Sco.), waste reduction, Management, decision-making	To conduct social network analysis of food sharing, redistribution, and waste reduction	To reduce food waste via information sharing and IT application	Mixed method	Food products	By examining the potential of social media applications in reducing food waste through sharing and redistribution
Rijpkema et al. [ ]	2014	IT (Sharing), Sustainability Management, Waste reduction	To create effective sourcing strategies for SCs dealing with perishable products	To provide a method to reduce food waste and loss amounts	Simulation model	Food products	By proposing effective sourcing strategies
Wu, and Hsiao., [ ]	2021	Information technologies, Management, Inventory, Food quality and safety, Risks	To identify and evaluate high-risk factors	To mitigate risks and food safety accidents	Mixed method	Food supply chain	By reducing food quality and safety risks and employing improvement plans
Kaipia et al. [ ]	2013	IT (Sharing), Sustainability (Eco. and Env.) Management, Inventory	To improve sustainability performance via information sharing	To reduce FLW level	Qualitative analysis	Food products	By incorporating demand and shelf-life data information sharing effect
Mishra, N., and Singh, A., [ ]	2018	IT and ICTs, Sustainability (Env.), waste reduction, Management, decision-making	To utilise Twitter data for waste minimisation in the beef supply chain	To contribute to the reduction in food waste	Mixed method	Food products	By offering insights into potential strategies for reducing food waste via social media and IT
Parashar et al. [ ]	2020	Information sharing (IT), Sustainability (Env.), FW Management (regulation, inventory, risks)	To model the enablers of the food supply chain and improve its sustainability performance	To address the reducing carbon footprints in the food supply chains	Mixed method	Food products	By facilitating the strategic decision-making regarding reducing food waste
Tseng et al. [ ]	2022	Regulations, Sustainability, Information technologies, (IoT and BCT)	To conduct a data-driven comparison of halal and non-halal sustainable food supply chains	To explore the role of regulations and standards in ensuring the compliance of food products with Halal requirements and FW reduction	Mixed method	Food products	By highlighting the role of legislation in reducing food waste and promoting sustainable food management
Mejjaouli, and Babiceanu, [ ]	2018	Information technologies (RFID-WSN), Management, Decision-making	To optimise logistics decisions based on actual transportation conditions and delivery locations	To develop a logistics decision model via an IT application	Stochastic optimisation	Food products	-
Wu et al. [ ]	2019	IT (Information exchange), Sustainability (Eco., and Env.)	To analyse the trade-offs between maintaining fruit quality and reducing environmental impacts	To combine virtual cold chains with life cycle assessment to provide a holistic approach for evaluating the environmental trade-offs	Mixed method	Food/fruit products	By suggesting a more sustainability-driven cold chain scenario

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Davoudi, S.; Stasinopoulos, P.; Shiwakoti, N. Two Decades of Advancements in Cold Supply Chain Logistics for Reducing Food Waste: A Review with Focus on the Meat Industry. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 6986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166986

Davoudi S, Stasinopoulos P, Shiwakoti N. Two Decades of Advancements in Cold Supply Chain Logistics for Reducing Food Waste: A Review with Focus on the Meat Industry. Sustainability . 2024; 16(16):6986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166986

Davoudi, Sina, Peter Stasinopoulos, and Nirajan Shiwakoti. 2024. "Two Decades of Advancements in Cold Supply Chain Logistics for Reducing Food Waste: A Review with Focus on the Meat Industry" Sustainability 16, no. 16: 6986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166986

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E-Waste Management in the School Environment Essay

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Introduction

E-waste management strategies, poster preparation, reference list.

E-wastes have presented a serious challenge to the concerns on environmental sustainability. Unlike the organic wastes, e-wastes do not decompose and can remain in the same state for several decades after the end of their usefulness.

Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly present an e-waste management module for the school environment. The e-waste management focuses on the used computers, printers and other electronic office equipments for the school.

Recycling is one of the best ways of managing e-waste in the school. The school should purchase a container or a bin where used electronic equipments should be stored. The bins should have a tight seal to avoid the instances of bad gases escaping into the environment. Specifically, the school should roll out a comprehensive campaign on the need to dump the e-wastes in these bins.

The campaign can be in the form of posters, creation of a website, and partnership with the local environmental authority. When these bins are full, the school should then send them to recycling companies (Prashant 2008). This approach is likely to facilitate environmental conservation concerns of the school. At the same time, the school will make some money from the sales of the used computers to recycling plants.

Establishment of an environmental club

The school should establish an environment club or partner with an existing environmental club within the school to offer lesson on e-waste management. These lessons may be in the form of visiting the institutions that have succeeded in managing their e-wastes.

During such lessons, all the stakeholders of the school will embrace the e-waste management and properly dispose their used computers in the designated areas of e-waste collection. The environmental club may also be encouraged to organize an e-waste campaign and several events to increase the visibility of the school’s efforts towards managing and controlling the e-wastes (Prashant 2008).

When designing a waste management campaign poster, it is imperative to review the basics of environmental waste management such as the cost and sustainability elements. The first step involves separating the wastes into organic and non organic forms. After this step, it is critical to focus on the best practices and cost effective ways of managing these wastes at micro level.

In addition, the poster should appeal to the target persons. The poster presented below is designed to assist the facilities manager, of a multi-storey office building in Melbourne, who wants to enhance the types and quantities of materials diverted from a land field.

The design of the poster focuses on encouraging staff to deposit food into the organic recycling system (Wang and Tay 2002). The poster also suggest on the simple ways that the employees may use in recycling food in their homes.

Conclusively, e-waste management involves recycling and awareness campaigns. Waste management posters should be visible and easy to interpret as is the case with the Grin Bin Magic poster.

Prashant, N 2008, Green Technology , Norwalk, Connecticut.

Wang, J., & Tay, H 2002, “A hybrid two-phase system for anaerobic digestion of food waste,” Water Science and Technology , vol. 45 no. 12, pp. 159–165.

Types of Management Information Systems in Business
Greensburg KS SWOT Analysis
Proper Recycling of E-Waste in the Southern New Jersey Community
Nokia's E-Waste Policy in India
Management of E-Waste
NEC3 ECC Contract Structure
Bureaucracy is the Best Way to Deliver Change and Innovation in an Organization
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Review Article
Published: 06 August 2024

Tailings storage facilities, failures and disaster risk

Karen A. Hudson-Edwards ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-2658 1 ,
Deanna Kemp 2 , 3 ,
Luis Alberto Torres-Cruz ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-0070 4 ,
Mark G. Macklin 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ,
Paul A. Brewer ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-8848 9 ,
John R. Owen 3 ,
Daniel M. Franks ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1217-2128 8 , 10 ,
Eva Marquis ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-1008 1 &
Christopher J. Thomas 5

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Mining generates 13 billion tonnes per year of potentially toxic wet slurry waste, called tailings, commonly deposited in tailings storage facilities (TSF). Since 1915, 257 TSF failures have occurred, releasing a total of ~250 million m 3 of tailings, destroying areas up to ~5,000 km 2 , killing an estimated 2,650 people and impacting ~317,000 people through displacement, property damage, and risks to livelihoods and health. In this Review, we provide an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the causes, effects and response to TSF failures, applying a disaster risk reduction framework. TSF failures can occur owing to earthquakes, overtopping, weak foundations and liquefaction, among other mechanisms. The severities and volumes of TSF failures have increased since the year 2000, owing to increasing mine waste generation from the exploitation of larger, lower-grade deposits. Despite the increasingly severe impacts, the mining industry has been hesitant to use the term ‘disaster’ to analyse TSF failure, presumably to avoid liability. TSF failures should be considered as disasters when they cause severe disruption to the functioning of ecological and social systems. Future research should build on attempts to link tailings facility locations to situated risk factors by improving spatial and time series analysis, reducing reliance on corporate disclosures, and increasing the visibility of priority locations and patterns of concern.

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Acknowledgements

The contribution of D.K. was in part supported by the Australian Research Council grant LP200301160. The authors are grateful to A. Amanda Andrade for her feedback on an early draft of the manuscript. K.A.H.-E., D.K., D.M.F. and E.M. acknowledge the QUEX Institute ( https://www.exeter.ac.uk/global/quex/ ) for helping to facilitate our collaboration.

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The powdery inorganic waste material remaining after the combustion of mineral materials.

(BAP). Best available practices for tailings storage facilities, which include monitoring of physical mechanisms and human factors that could result in tailings storage facility failures.

(GISTM). The global standard developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) and Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) in 2020 that requires operators to be responsible for, and prioritize the safety of, TSF throughout its life cycle.

The glassy siliceous waste materials remaining after the smelting of metal ores.

Finely crushed rock and processing fluids left over after the economic materials of the mined resource have been extracted; they can contain potentially toxic, corrosive and radioactive components.

TSF barriers constructed to hold back the tailings; it is the part of the TSF that has the highest tendency to fail.

(TSF). Engineered facility designed to contain tailings; it can be an open pit, a dammed impoundment or an underground void.

TSF failures that cause severe impacts and result in serious disruption to social, environmental and economic systems.

Failures of the dam or other part of the storage facility designed to hold back the tailings in the TSF.

Mined rock that does not contain ore minerals at sufficient grades to be economic and does not undergo mineral processing.

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Hudson-Edwards, K.A., Kemp, D., Torres-Cruz, L.A. et al. Tailings storage facilities, failures and disaster risk. Nat Rev Earth Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00576-4

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Essay on Waste Management for Students and Professional
Proper waste management involves reducing, recycling, and responsibly disposing of waste to adopt environment-friendly practices. As our societies grow and urbanize, efficient waste management becomes increasingly vital in mitigating improper waste disposal's ecological and health challenges. In this essay, we will delve into the significance ...
(PDF) Introduction to Waste Management
Introduction to Waste Management. Waste disposal leads to direct an d in direct environmental impacts, such as land. occupation, resource depletion, a mplification of global warming due to methane ...
Waste Management Essay
Waste Management Essay. Waste management, often known as disposal, involves handling waste from the moment it is created until it has been completely disposed of. Waste can be liquid, solid, or occasionally even gas. Waste might be municipal, industrial, biomedical, household, or radioactive waste. It is crucial to manage waste properly.
Essay on Waste Management
500 Words Essay on Waste Management Introduction. Waste management is an integral part of our everyday life, yet it is often overlooked. It involves the process of treating solid wastes and offering a variety of solutions for recycling items that don't belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be used as a valuable resource.
115 Waste Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
To help you get started, here are 115 waste management essay topic ideas and examples that you can use as inspiration for your own writing: The importance of proper waste management in protecting the environment. The impact of waste management on public health. Strategies for reducing household waste.
Short Essay on Waste Management [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF
This management involves at the base the segregation of the wastes and likewise disposing of it. Visa Guide: Short Essay on Gender Equality [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF. The principal method involved here is the method of '' reuse, reduce, and recycle''. Generally, the domestic wastes can be utilised as vermicompost and fertilizers ...
Essay on Waste Management for Students in English
An Introduction. Waste Management or disposal includes processing and disposing of Waste starting right from its point of inception to complete disposal. Waste can be solid or liquid and sometimes even gas. It can be domestic, industrial, biomedical, municipal or radioactive Waste. Each different type of Waste has a specific disposal method and ...
Sustainability and Waste Management
Additionally, there are other methods of deriving energy from waste. For example, one can mention pyrolysis, thermal depolymerization, or plasma arc classification (Letcher 2008, p. 151). These processes can produce fuel-cell hydrogen, biodiesel, bioethanal, or crude oil that are necessary for the generation of energy (Letcher 2008, p. 151).
Essay on Waste Management for Students and Children in English
10 Lines on Waste Management Essay in English. Disposing of plastic and non-biodegradable waste has become a challenge for the globe. Segregation of waste into plastic waste, organic waste, inorganic waste and liquid waste is essential. Recycling and reusing of materials like plastic bags is one way to reduce waste produced on the earth.
97 Waste Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
Secondly, this approach can decrease the cost of energy, and this opportunity is important for the economic sustainability of the country. Step 6: To guarantee the effective reuse of the waste, it is necessary to pay attention to the containers for storing the waste and to the method used for reusing the substances.
Essays on Waste Management
Essays on Waste Management. Essay examples. Essay topics. 42 essay samples found. Sort & filter. 1 Importance of Recycling . ... Introduction Management of waste is a global challenge that must be significantly considered for sustainable development and the protection of biodiversity. It refers to the process that involves the inception ...
Essay on Waste Management for Children and Students
Waste Management Essay 4 (500 words) Introduction. Waste management is the complete process of handling, processing, transporting, storage, recycling and disposal of human, industrial and environmental waste. Waste management is a global phenomenon but its ramifications are more prominent in developing countries.
Essay on Waste Management with Types, Advantages, Disadvantages
Introduction (Essay on Waste Management - 1000 Words) Squander the board or removal of waste incorporates all exercises essential to deal with the loss from its assortment to removal. Different practices include gathering, shipping, taking care of, observing, controlling, and disposing of waste and other legitimate procedures. ...
Essay on Waste Management
Essay on Waste Management: Introduction, Methods and Importance - Essay 5 (600 Words) Introduction: Waste Management is arising as a major problem in almost all countries. In order to have a healthy life and a clean environment, managing of waste materials is very important. Imparting knowledge on waste management is the need of the hour.
Essay on Solid Waste Management
Here is a compilation of essays on 'Solid Waste Management' for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on 'Solid Waste Management' especially written for school and college students. ... Introduction to Solid Waste Management: The Solid Waste Management is defined as 'the source separation, collection, storage ...
Essay on Waste Management for Students [500 Words Essay]
Methods for Waste Management. Incineration - Under this waste management system, public solid waste is buried for turning it into oil, dust, steam, ash and gases. It eliminates solid waste by about 31 per cent of the total amount. Landfills - Disposal of garbage and waste within landfills is one of the most common waste management methods.
The Importance of Zero Waste Management
First of all, the zero-waste management model is a highly valid approach to reducing the amount of waste produced by people all over the world. The benefits of zero waste are numerous, including the reduction of dangerous pollution, the decrease in waste and material disposal, and the increase in reusability of things.
Waste Management Essay
All the waste from homes, industries and factories must be properly managed; otherwise, it could lead to various environmental problems and health issues. This is why we need effective ways to collect, segregate, transport and dispose of waste materials, which we will be discussing in this solid waste management essay.
Plastic Waste Management Essay
The best way for plastic waste management is through the 3 Rs - reduce, reuse and recycle. We can understand this further in BYJU'S essay on plastic waste management. We must reduce the use of plastic by carrying a cloth bag or paper bag while shopping and refusing to accept plastic bags from shops. We can also replace plastic containers ...
A critical review and analysis of plastic waste management ...
The waste hierarchy is an essential framework for waste management that helps prevent waste disposal and promotes the circularity of plastics. The quality of solid waste management services could be improved, and financial support for reliable waste management infrastructure can be secured using policy tools (Iyamu et al. 2020 ; Khan et al. 2022 ).
Sustainability
The current study focuses on the critical role of efficient cold supply chain logistics (CSCL) within the beef meat supply chain (SC), ensuring the timely delivery of premium products. Despite its significance, substantial food loss and waste (FLW) in CSCL pose multifaceted challenges across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This comprehensive literature review aims to identify ...
E-Waste Management in the School Environment Essay
Recycling. Recycling is one of the best ways of managing e-waste in the school. The school should purchase a container or a bin where used electronic equipments should be stored. The bins should have a tight seal to avoid the instances of bad gases escaping into the environment. Specifically, the school should roll out a comprehensive campaign ...
Tailings storage facilities, failures and disaster risk
Mining generates 13 billion tonnes per year of potentially toxic wet slurry waste, called tailings, commonly deposited in tailings storage facilities (TSF). Since 1915, 257 TSF failures have ...

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Essay on Waste Management

Introduction to Waste Management

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Impact of Inefficient Waste Disposal on the Environment

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