types of essays o level

• (65) 9646 0930

[email protected]

7 Essay Types at the O Level

• Posted By Randall Chew

Hello everyone! I’m Mr Ng Guo Liang, an English Language Curriculum Specialist and Teacher at Lil’ but Mighty.

When I was still teaching in a secondary school, I often had to address many questions — from both parents and students alike — about the different composition or essay types being tested in the O Level examinations; chief amongst which were:

– What composition or essay types will appear in the O Level examinations? – What is the difference between a discursive essay and an argumentative essay? – What is the difference between a recount and narrative essay? – What is the difference between a descriptive and reflective essay?

There were (and are) of course, many other questions pertaining to composition writing for the O Level. The ones above however — those concerned with conceptualising the types of compositions — are the ones I have had to address the most. In this blog post therefore, I will list the various types of compositions that could be tested in the O Level English Language Paper 1, and attempt to very briefly describe each of them.

Before I continue, I must make a disclaimer. This post is not meant to be a comprehensive set of notes or guide detailing and explaining each individual essay type, their features, and nuances. I must make it very clear to my readers that what I write and elaborate on in this post should not be taken as the absolute and definitive word on the various essay types; we should note that different teachers, authors, publishers, and reference materials describe, explain, and conceptualise the various essay types differently (and very possibly with different terminology). That being said, the descriptions I’ll make in this post are meant only as a very brief explanation of the various types of essays so that you can better understand what they generally require students to address in the examination.

Should you wish to enquire about and discuss the individual essay types at a more comprehensive and deeper level than that provided in this post, you can do so with your English teacher in school, or contact us and we shall endeavour to address your queries!

In the O Level examination, the following essay types could be tested:

1. Narrative 2. Personal Recount 3. Descriptive 4. Reflective 5. Discursive 6. Argumentative 7. Two-Part Essays

1. Narrative Essays

Narrative essays, as the name suggests, are essays that narrate a story. Most students reading this post should, by the end of primary school, be familiar with narrative essays as this is perhaps the essay type that they see the most in primary school and in creative writing classes. These essays are generally fictional in nature, and adhere to how narrative stories are developed in terms of their plots (beginning —> build up —> climax —> events that lead to a resolution —> a resolution —> and a coda/conclusion). Although these essays are generally fictional, that is not to say that students cannot use their own experiences to address the question. As long as the experience is relevant to the question, and features a rising plot which leads to a resolution, students are free to use their own experiences to inspire the narrative essay.

Sample questions:

– Freedom. – A challenge. – Write a story about kindness. – ‘It was my proudest moment.’ Write a story based on this.

2. Personal Recount Essays

Similar to a narrative essay, a personal recount essay retells a series of events that should be written in a linear and sequential manner. A personal recount essay is not to be confused with a narrative one. Narratives are often fictional in nature, and generally adhere to a rising plot development structure (most often with a climax and resolution). Personal recounts however, are not fictional in nature, and often relate to an event or experience which is meaningful or memorable to you (in other words, you should have personally experienced or witnessed this event or experience taking place.) Depending on the question asked, it can, of course, include a plot structure with elements similar to a narrative. However, unlike narrative essay writing, it does not require students to adhere strictly to a rising plot structure.

Personal recount essays, by nature of the questions given, typically require students to include an element of reflection. This usually focuses on the impact and significance that an event or experience have on them, and their thoughts, feelings, changing beliefs and attitudes as the series of events unfold. Such reflections should be interspersed and woven in and between the paragraphs of the essay. This is different for narratives, where reflections typically appear in the coda.

– Write about an interesting day out with your family. – Write about a mistake you regret making. – Write about how you conquered one of your fears. – Write about a task which turned out to be more difficult than you initially thought. – Write about a time a great act of kindness took place.

3. Descriptive Essays

Descriptive essays contain and emphasise descriptive elements. That is to say, such essays are written to appeal to the five senses, and should create vivid mental images for the reader when it is being read. This genre goes beyond describing physical attributes, but abstract ones as well (e.g. feelings, ideas, or a situation), and often involves reflecting on why something or someone is special or important. Unlike narrative essays, descriptive essays do not require a plot structure or storyline. This essay type most typically require students to write about and describe in detail one of the following topics:

1. An object 2. A person 3. A place 4. An event or incident 5. An experience

– Describe an individual who has had a great influence on you. – Describe a memorable celebration. – Describe your typical day in school. – Describe an object which you hold dear.

4. Reflective Essays

Essays of this genre require the students to reflect on themselves. Despite the reflective element, this is not to be confused with a personal recount. Personal recounts require students to recount and reflect on an event or experience which actually took place. Reflective essays however, are not about an event or experience, but are more about the students themselves.

Reflective essays typically require students to reflect on and make observations about their own personality and character. As such, it is more philosophical and insightful in nature.

Sample Questions:

– What would you consider to be your best and worst qualities? – What is your idea of a perfect day? – What are the type of books you enjoy reading? – Write about some of the things you value most in life.

Expository Essays: Argumentative and Discursive Essays

The next two essay types fall under the category we call ‘expositions’. An expository essay is one that explores and considers in depth the different aspects and perspectives to a particular topic or subject matter. We typically see two types of expository essays appearing in the O Level examination: argumentative and discursive essays.

5. Argumentative Essays

In an argumentative essay, students are typically given an issue, topic, or subject matter on which they are supposed to take a clear stand, and argue for that stand they have taken. This essay type is ‘biased’ in that regard, and the aim of the essay is to persuade the reader, with the strength of their points and arguments, that the stand taken in the essay is the right one.

1. The key features of an effective argumentative essay are: 2. There must be a very clear stand taken on the topic/subject matter given in the question. 3. Points/arguments given are supported by facts, statistics, observations or examples. 4. Points/arguments appeal to logic and emotion. 5. Using a persuasive tone and register. 6. Considering the opposing views and being able to rebut or refute them – this makes an argumentative essay the most persuasive and effective.

–  ‘People can only be happy if they feel they are treated fairly.’ Do you agree (2019 O Level 1) –  Do you agree with the view that students should never engage in part-time work? –  ‘Social media has destroyed communication.’ What is your opinion? –  Who has more problems to deal with — adults or youths?

6. Discursive Essays

Like argumentative essays, a discursive essay focuses on and concerns itself with one particular topic or subject matter. Unlike the argumentative essay however, one is not required to take a stand on the subject matter. Rather than pushing for and validating only one particular perspective, students are required instead to discuss and explore the multiple perspectives regarding the subject matter in an unbiased manner.

What is important to note is that students can state a preference for a particular perspective or viewpoint at the end of the essay, but the tone and register of the essay should not be a persuasive one (i.e. the way the essay is written should not dominantly favour one particular perspective or viewpoint over others). It should be written in a manner which reflects that all the perspectives and viewpoints you discuss in the essay are equally valid (even if you do eventually state a preference for one at the end) — in essence, an effective discursive essay is one that achieves balance .

–  What are the advantages and disadvantages of social media? –  What are the qualities a good leader should have? –  Discuss the implications of making home-based learning a permanent mode of education. –  Discuss your views on discipline.

7. Two-Part Essays

As the name suggests, two-part essays are essays which could comprise features and elements of two different essay types. What you will typically see is a question which explicitly has two distinct and separate parts students would have to address. For instance, the question would not only require students to describe something or someone, but also require them to reflect on that particular thing they are describing in the essay; such that the essay becomes a ‘mixed-genre’ essay.

For two-part essays, students need to ensure that they address both parts of the question, and do not make the common mistake of devoting too much time and too many words to the first half of the question and neglecting the second half of the question.

– Write about a mistake you regret making. What lessons did you learn from it? – Describe an individual who has had a great influence on you. Why is this person so special to you? – Describe an object which you hold dear. Why is this object so important to you? – Write about a time you were misunderstood by others. How did you feel?

This brings us to the end of this blog post. Although there is much more to the respective essay types regarding their features and styles, I hope that I have managed to provide you with brief but lucid explanations that will make it a little easier for you to understand the various essay types that could be tested in the O Level.

Until my next post, and on behalf of the Lil’ but Mighty family, stay happy, stay safe, and stay healthy!

• Fine Out More

Mr Ng firmly believes that there is a strong correlation between effort and eventual success, and that finding success in English is something that is attainable by all of his students regardless of their background and starting point. He has a strong love and passion for the language and hopes to inspire that same passion in his students through his lessons. That being said, he looks forward to bringing out the best in his students and guiding them to fulfil the potential they all have.

Have something to share? Drop us a comment below!

Leave a reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Other related posts

Creative Writing | 3 Easy Steps to Write Your Own Haiku!

• Creative Writing & Compo

Verbs: More than Just Action Words! | Part 3: Changes in Verb Forms

Ketchup on english – is, are, was and were.

• Grammar , Lower Primary

Audience In Visual Text | Visual Text Comprehension

• Visual Text Comprehension

Exploring Points of View (POV) in Composition Writing

Metaphors for | part ii – implied metaphors.

10 Beautiful Vivid Verbs to Boost Your Writing and Oral! | Primary School English

• Creative Writing & Compo , Oral

Metaphors For? | Part I – An Introduction to Metaphors

3 Family-Friendly Shows on Netflix (Educational & Entertaining)!

• English in the real world

Verbs: More than Just Action Words! | Part 2: Tenses

2021 father’s day contest winners.

• Company News

Verbs: More than Just Action Words! | Part 1: Subject-Verb Agreement

10 Beautiful Words You Can Use in Narrative / Descriptive Writing | Secondary School

• Secondary School English

Ways To Create A Well-Rounded Character | Creative Writing

Understanding purpose-related questions in visual text comprehension.

How Playing Video Games Can Improve Our English (With Practical Tips for Parents!)

Primary School Composition | Onomatopoeia – What’s That?

2021 mother’s day contest winners + our founder’s journey (mother’s day special).

Composition Revision: Using Your 5 Senses in Your Writing

How to create a dynamic piece of writing using idioms, ketchup on english – subject-verb agreement, punctuation marks: colon vs. semicolon.

4 steps to Create Suspense

Earth Hour – Oral Topic

That simile though 2 | using stronger similes.

Exciting News: Lil’ but Mighty’s Goldhill Plaza Branch is Getting an Upgrade!

• Company News , English in the real world

PSLE ORAL | Compiled Prelim 2021 Oral Topics + Questions!

• Free Downloads , Oral

5 Steps to Convert a Newspaper Article into a Cloze Passage

• Cloze Passage and Editing , Free Downloads , Primary School English

PSLE English | Oral Conversation: Free SG50 Sample Practice + Model Answers

• Free Downloads , Oral , Primary School English

PSLE English | Oral Conversation: Filling your Story with Details Easily + Free Revision Cards

PSLE English | Situational Writing: Q&A + Formal vs Informal Writing Comparison Chart

• Free Downloads , Primary School English , Situational Writing

PSLE English Tips | Oral: Stimulus-Based Conversation Checklist

A Little Encouragement | DIY Motivational Bookmark (Easy to personalise too!)

• English in the real world , Free Downloads , Reading

Situational Writing: Step-by-Step Guide + Free Revision Card

I Love Reading | 5 Ways to Motivate Reluctant Readers

• English in the real world , Free Downloads

PSLE English | Printable Ultimate Grammar & Synthesis Summary

• Free Downloads , Grammar , Sentence Synthesis

How Well Do You Know Your Past Participles?

• Free Downloads , Grammar

Primary Composition Writing | Starting Sentences with Introductory Clauses

• Creative Writing & Compo , Free Downloads

The Sentence Train | Lower Primary English

PSLE English Tips | Oral: Reading Checklist

Language of COVID | 10 Words Added to the Dictionary

• English in the real world , Vocabulary

Using Personification to Show, Not Tell!

• Creative Writing & Compo , Primary School English

Expressing Character Feelings Too! | Using Show-Not-Tell (Part 2)

How to choose a book to read: 8 ways.

How to Dress Up A Boring Paragraph | Creative Writing

Ketchup on english – halloween special: prepositions of time.

• Lower Primary

Ketchup on English! – Verbs Are Not Just Action Words!

Expressing Character Feelings | Using Show-Not-Tell

Which picture should i use | choosing the best picture to use for composition.

Oral: Reading Passage | Long Vowels – Have You Been Reading Your Vowels Correctly?

Like what you are reading.

Subscribe now to receive news and tips hot off the press!

The greatest joy in giving small group tuition is a teacher’s ability to create greater impact in the children that have been entrusted to her care.

Our Programmes

• Primary English
• Secondary English
• Self-Paced Online Courses
• Compo Marking Services
• School Clients
• Copyright Terms & Conditions
• Personal Data Protection Policy
• Registration Terms & Conditions
• Contest Terms & Conditions

Lil’ but Mighty Clementi Block 432 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-282, Singapore 120432

Lil’ but Mighty Bukit Timah 170 Upper Bukit Timah Road, #B2-02 Bukit Timah Shopping Centre, Singapore 588179

Lil’ but Mighty Hougang Block 211 Hougang Street 21, #01-305 (Back entrance), Singapore 530211

Lil’ but Mighty Novena 1 Goldhill Plaza, #02-25, Singapore 308899

Lil’ but Mighty Marine Parade 1 Marine Parade, #04-05 Parkway Centre, Singapore 449408

Lil’ but Mighty Tampines 3 Tampines Central 1, #06-03 Tampines Plaza 1, Singapore 529540

GP Tuition & O Level English Tuition

O Level English Composition Essay and Questions

Types and topics for o level english composition.

The O Level English composition is a critical component of the examination, challenging students to express themselves clearly and creatively across a variety of essay types and questions. These include:

1. Narrative Essays

Narrative essays require students to craft compelling tales with characters, settings, and plots, all woven together to captivate the reader from start to finish.

2. Personal Recount Essays

These essays provide a window into the student’s personal experiences, offering reflections that go beyond mere narration to explore deeper meanings and insights.

3. Descriptive Essays

In descriptive essays, students are tested on their language mastery to paint vivid pictures, enabling readers to see, feel, and experience the described scene or object as if they were there.

4. Reflective Essays

Reflective essays encourage introspection, asking students to delve into personal or societal issues and to reflect on their implications or lessons learned.

5. Discursive Essays

The discursive essay involves a balanced discussion on a given topic, which is the focus here. It requires students to explore various viewpoints before drawing reasoned conclusions.

6. Argumentative Essays

Lastly, argumentative essays involve the art of persuasion, whereby students are asked to argue in favour of or against a particular stance, backed by logical reasoning and evidence.

Topics for O Level English compositions often revolve around personal and universal themes, ranging from technology’s impact on society to environmental concerns, cultural experiences, and beyond.

Samples of O Level English Essay Questions

The variety of essay questions for O Level English is designed to test students’ abilities to think critically and creatively. Examples of such questions may include:

• “Recount an experience where you had to make a difficult decision. What were the outcomes?”
• “Technology is a double-edged sword. Discuss this statement with reference to your personal experiences.”
• “Imagine a world without borders. Narrate a day in such a world from your perspective.”
• “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think. Argue for or against this statement.”
• “The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it. Reflect on this statement in the context of current environmental challenges.”

These questions encourage students to engage deeply with the topics, applying their knowledge, experiences, and creativity to construct meaningful and persuasive essays.

Tips for Choosing O Level English Composition Topics

Selecting the right topic is critical for a successful and engaging essay. Here’s how you can choose a suitable topic for your  O Level English composition:

• Start with identifying subjects that spark your interest.
• Ensure the topics chosen have depth and are relevant to a broader audience.
• Assess your personal connection to each topic to ensure authenticity in your writing.
• Consider your unique insights or perspectives on the topic to add value to the essay.
• Evaluate the potential impact of the topic on your audience to ensure engagement.

Remember that a well-chosen topic enhances the writing process and results in a more compelling and authentic essay.

Crafting Compelling Essays for O Level English

Crafting a compelling essay is akin to building a house; it requires a solid foundation, a structured framework, and attention to detail. Here’s how you should start drafting your O Level English essay:

1. Introduction: Setting the Stage

Start your O Level English composition with a clear, engaging introduction outlining the main theme or argument. Then, use a hook (e.g., a question, a quote, or a surprising fact) to grab the reader’s attention. For context, provide a brief overview or background of the topic. Be sure to end the introduction with a strong thesis statement that guides the essay’s direction.

2. Body: Building Your Argument or Narrative

Once you have the introduction, organise the body into paragraphs, each focusing on a specific point or aspect of your topic.  Begin each paragraph of your essay  with a topic sentence introducing the main idea and supporting your points with evidence, examples, or anecdotes to add depth and credibility. Use transition words and phrases to ensure smooth flow between paragraphs. Incorporate varied sentence structures to keep the writing dynamic and engaging.

3. Conclusion: Tying It All Together

Start the conclusion by restating your thesis in a new light, considering the arguments presented. Then, summarise the key points in the body without introducing new information. You may reflect on the broader implications of your argument or narrative. End with a compelling closing thought or call to action that leaves a lasting impression.

4. Language and Style: Crafting Your Voice

Employ precise and appropriate vocabulary to convey your ideas clearly. Avoid jargon and overly complex language to maintain accessibility. Use descriptive language and imagery where relevant to add vividness to your writing. To keep the writing lively and direct, maintain an active voice.

5. Revision: Polishing Your Essay

Set aside your essay briefly before revising it to see it with fresh eyes. Check for clarity and coherence, ensuring each sentence and paragraph contributes to your essay’s overall purpose. Refine the sentence structures and word choices to improve flow and readability. Proofread for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors to ensure professionalism.

Strategies for Excelling in O Level English Composition

Students are encouraged to go beyond basic writing skills to excel in English composition. For instance, honing critical thinking lets you dissect essay prompts and craft nuanced, insightful responses. Integrating personal experiences and storytelling into your essays can add depth and authenticity. You may also experiment with literary devices to enhance your narrative or argument, but use them judiciously to ensure clarity and readability.

Personalising Your O Level English Essay

The most memorable essays are typically those that reflect the writer’s unique voice and perspective. So don’t hesitate to infuse your essays with personal insights and experiences; these elements add richness and authenticity. Striking a balance between personal expression and adherence to the essay’s requirements is another aspect of creating a compelling and resonant composition.

In conclusion, O Level English composition writing is an opportunity to showcase your ability to think critically, express yourself creatively, and engage with a wide range of themes and ideas. By carefully selecting topics, structuring your essays effectively, and infusing your writing with personal insights, you can create compositions that meet the examination criteria and reflect your individuality and intellectual curiosity.

Our Free Additional Resources and Support

At Knowledge Skills , we can help you prepare for your O Level English Composition. Our array of free resources is designed to support your preparation:

• Online Courses:  Delve into our online courses, tailored to refine your composition skills. These courses span various essential topics, from structuring compelling essays to mastering persuasive language and enhancing your narrative techniques.
• Practice Materials:  Benefit from our diverse collection of practice exercises and past O Level exam questions. These materials are curated to acquaint you with the typical composition formats, like the  English O Level situational writing format  and themes, ensuring you’re well-versed in the expectations and standards of O Level English essay writing.
• Personal Tutoring Sessions: Engage experienced tutors at our O Level English tuition  for personalised guidance and strategic advice to improve your essay writing skills. Through one-on-one sessions, receive constructive feedback tailored to your unique needs and learning style.

Utilising these resources equips you with practical tools for improvement and prepares you for your composition exam.

For further guidance on the O Level English oral exam, check out the tips for mastering O Level English oral topics .

Share this:

GP tuition and O Level English tuition with Knowledge Skills. Achieve remarkable progress with improved score of 2 grades or more.

• GP General Paper Tuition

O Level English Tuition

Featured articles.

• O Level English Essay Questions
• O Level English Oral Topics
• General Paper Topics
• GP Application Questions
• English O Level Situational Writing

Get in Touch

General paper (gp) tuition.

1 Cherry Avenue (7 minutes walk from Sixth Avenue MRT Station)

Call or WhatsApp: 96585834

Jalan Jurong Kechil (5 minutes walk from Beauty World MRT Station)

Discover more from KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Type your email…

Continue reading

You must be logged in to post a comment.

• +65 9627-0300
• [email protected]
• #01-450 Block 503 Bishan Street 11, 570503

• English Composition

English Compositions: Best Writing Guide for O-Level

• April 27, 2021
• No Comments

Table of Contents

Writing English Compositions can be a fairly easy task if you remember the Golden Rules. 

You have to know the different types of composition genres and what is required for each one of them. Once you are able to identify with each one, practice every week and the English Composition exams will be an easy hurdle to cross.

Make sure that you find out about these genres and practices early enough so that you can have a good headstart in your practice.

Select Your English Composition Genre

Selecting the correct genre for English Composition is of prime importance.

Whether it is argumentative or descriptive, knowing the difference and choosing one accordingly can make all the difference.

First, identify the genre of the essay question. Is it asking you to choose a side? Or is it simply about recounting something that goes on in your society? The former is argumentative and the latter is reflective.

Looking out for the type of essay you are more suited for will be the first step in writing an essay. English Composition. As soon as you have made a selection, move on to thinking about the content. Actually, content planning is a fairly straightforward task.

The first step is to organise your facts in point form. All you need would be 4 points in writing an expository or reflective essay. You will need 3 pros and 1-2 rebuttals for an argumentative essay. Once you have defined what you want to say in English Composition, the rest is easy.

Unlike a narrative and reflective essay, you will need evidence to back up your points. The more current your evidence, the better it will be for you. You may start with the most important point first and support it with evidence from a media source or observation. The evidence has to be clear, relevant and accurately written. 

For reflective and narrative essays, anecdotal or story form of writing is the norm. Writing clearly is just as important but you will need to think of a strong plot. The plot, which will be explained in the later chapters, has to be watertight. The resolution should offer a way out of the difficulty for the main character or protagonist. There should also be a moral or sense of value being imparted at the end.

The narrative or reflective essay will only help a student to score well in English Composition if both an imaginative plot and value of the lesson learnt is written clearly. If the story is flat and boring, the composition fails to make its mark. So, choosing the correct genre for your English Composition exam is very important.

Every English Composition is accompanied by a guided practice with answers, notes and vocabulary guide. If you follow the steps outlined for every practice, you will be sure to excel in your writing.

Important Tips For Writing Descriptive Essays

1. what is descriptive.

It is the observation of people, places or circumstances and padding it with one’s personalised style of describing it.

2. How do you start writing a descriptive essay?

Examine the keywords and zoom in on the main word or phrase.

3. How to write the Descriptive Introduction?

The Introduction is the most important paragraph as it tells the marker if you have understood the question or not.

Always start by mentioning the location or the time. If not, start with the most personal feeling you have about the subject or happening. 

Elaborate slightly on the effect and a general truth or some words of wisdom regarding it. Keep it brief.

Then lastly, write about how you managed to balance it in your life. This will prepare you to write on the good and bad effects of the object or event you are going to describe.

This also means you will not run out of content in English Composition.

Narrative Writing Techniques

How to write a good story.

Writing a good story entails 3 main features:

• A good protagonist (the main character)
• A protagonist who has a problem which is unusual and intriguing
• A suspenseful climax

Reflective Essay Techniques

These essays reflect a personal experience through which one gains insight and depth in one of the areas in one’s life. One of the most important aspects of a reflective essay is the mature tone and the value it imparts at the end in English Composition. 

A reflective essay is essentially about telling a story which delves deep into the story teller’s experience to provide insight into the values. The extent to which the values are affected and the extent to which the storyteller tells the tale by revealing his deepest psyche is up to him/ her. Every story is told from a different angle and every tale has a truth.

A reflective essay should start by describing the experience and then go on to reflect on the value of the experience.

Value of the experience

English Composition Techniques for Writing Argumentative Essays

An argumentative essay relies on 5 main factors:

• The thesis statement
• The cons (rebuttal)
• The conclusion

You need a good hook to start the essay. The hook should be the first sentence which shows that you have understood the question and it should reflect the way you have interpreted the question. 

A good hook should grab the attention of the reader. For example, if the question is about whether people should eat organic food, a hook could be as follows:

Turn your back to pesticide ridden vegetables and fruits packed with chemical sprays and welcome naturally grown food. 

This is a good hook in English Composition and grabs the reader’s attention straightaway.

The first step is to analyse the question carefully and understand what is required. All argumentative questions ask for a clear stand so you have to decide which side you are on. What is the best way to decide your stand?

It does not really matter whether you believe in the side you are taking though if you do so, it will help.

What really matters is that you decide to write on the side which has more points. This will depend on the current information available in the media, your reading depth and your ability to link it to the question. 

The thesis statement is very important as it tells the examiner what you feel about the essay. It should reflect your stand on the English Composition topic. Do you agree or disagree? You may say that you agree to a large extent. This leaves you with the flexibility to mention the opposite side in your rebuttal.

For example, if your English Composition essay is about why it is beneficial for people to eat organic food, you will need to think of 3 pros to support your argument. 

• The first Pro is the first point in favour of the side you have. So, the argument will begin as, “People will benefit from eating organic food as it is grown without pesticide or chemicals. They will derive the full nutritional benefits of the type of food which is grown. 
• The second Pro will be the next point to support your argument. People who eat organic food have remarked on feeling and looking more healthy. Longer lifespan and better energy levels are a result.
• Organic food is also supposed to help people to resist diseases like cancer. Cancer sufferers have also turned to organic food in an attempt to turn their lives back to a more healthy state.

Cons (Rebuttal)

The next step is to think of the cons or the rebuttal in English Composition. You may need one good rebuttal or two. The rebuttal should be a fresh point which opposes the pros mentioned earlier.                                         

• Organic food tends to be expensive and most people will find it hard to afford it.
• There is no scientific evidence which states that organic food makes a big difference from food which is grown without pesticides. If one washes vegetables carefully, the chemical coating can be removed.

The Rebuttal should be clear and accurate. If there is only one rebuttal, make sure that the evidence is accurate and up to date.

Organic food tends to be expensive and most people will find it hard to afford it. They tend to be priced at nearly ten dollars or more for a small bunch of vegetables. For families who cook a sizable portion on a daily basis, this cannot be an economical choice. Most families will opt for a cheaper option and turn to feed their families. Many people will prefer to buy vegetables and fruits which are grown with pesticides. They may feel that the health risks are minimal. A bag of organic apples costs nearly ten dollars whereas the chemically treated bag of apples may cost only a fraction of it. Cost always plays a large deciding factor for the consumer. 

This rebuttal or con has a point and evidence to support it. The paragraph has many details to highlight the point so another rebuttal may not be necessary. 

Hybrid Essay Writing Techniques

Hybrid essays are a mixture of expository, argumentative and descriptive. It could even be part narrative and part descriptive.

The subject matter could range from an expository topic such as pollution and one could be asked to give one’s opinion based on one’s views of society. So, this will be an expository essay with a descriptive content. Hybrid essays invite one to write with a personal viewpoint so a subjective treatment of a topic which is purely factual is the result.

The Expository and Narrative Hybrid

Eg. Write about your view of how a person should conduct his day to day living if he wanted to save the environment.

This topic invites personal views. So, a narrative version is possible. However, the subject is about saving the environment so there are facts involved.

You will have to write about an average person who should be more conscientious about society by recycling. An average person should not waste food, electricity or water. He should throw his paper and plastic in bins provided for that use. He should think about the future generations. What sort of world will the children of our future inherit? This trend of thought should occupy his mind. 

The Expository part:

Tells the examiner about the factual side of the English Composition essay.

“Saving the environment” means how to contribute to a greener world or efforts to preserve what we have. There are many points which can be raised about recycling, saving energy and using energy saving devices.

The Narrative part:

Tells the examiner the personal side to the English Composition essay. The part about “how a person should conduct his day to day living” can be seen from an anecdotal point of view.

The Argumentative and Descriptive Hybrid

The question is posed with reference to a topic about one’s community for instance.

The hybrid topic does not discuss world topics or factual topics but will ask you to write something rather different.

For instance, you may be asked if there is any value in playing traditional games and how much does it mean to you.

Or, it could be asking you your opinion on the performing arts and why you consider it important for yourself.

Though you may have to defend your view, there is an emphasis on your own story, your own life. You may have to explain your desire for the arts, your need to perform due to your passion. Then there will be a brief anecdote about your stint in the performing arts.

Or you may choose to write about your peers and how they view the performing arts. Why did you decide to learn that skill? If it was playing the cello, why did you choose it? What is the value in it?

How do people see you when you play it? Do they become enriched when they hear you play? Is this the value?

When you answer these questions in English Composition, you will be able to blend both the argumentative and descriptive portions of the essay.

The argumentative part: 

This is where you take a stand. Why is it important? So, you list out the reasons. This may be just for yourself or for your family.

The descriptive part:

This is where you become more introspective. You discuss your own desire for the performing arts. How it resonates within you. Your personal feelings. Does it make you happy? Which part? When you perform or rehearse? Or is it when it is over? 

Reflective or Narrative and Expository

Reflective and Narrative require you to tell a story with your own personal recount. You may write in an anecdotal style about a particular activity and what happened to you. There could be an interesting encounter or something you learnt which is relevant to the English Composition topic.

The expository portion will require you to write in a more objective way. You will need to be more concise and set forth an argument or point of view which examines the question.

Reflective and Argumentative

Reflective: A personal point of view is needed.

Eg. I feel that women should not serve in the national service as it may be too tough for them to handle. There are many of my fellow female students who find it difficult to do the marathon run. We barely manage to make it as we find it painful due to cramps.

Argumentative: Where it involves others.

Eg. Women may be an untapped resource for a country like Singapore where we have limited manpower.

This is the complete writing guide for writing excellent English Compositions for the O-levels. The next step is for you to get started with practising each genre till you reach your goal. 

Like this article?

Leave a comment

Get Updates And Stay Connected - Subscribe To Our Newsletter

Wizpals Education is a tuition centre which is dedicated to seeing you through from manageable grades to outstanding results for English and General Paper (GP). The results are always outstanding provided that you invest yourself in time to get you where you want to be. 

Contact Information

• Phone: +65 9627-0300
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Address: Block 503 Bishan Street 11 #01-450 Singapore 570503

Latest Article

The digital age: 3 benefits of integrating technology for engaging students, 10 helpful tips for writing o-level composition, how to tackle literary questions for secondary 3 narrative comprehension, get a free assessment test.

Many O and A level students are struggling with their English grades today. We conduct a FREE English Assessment Test for every student and more than 5,000 students have managed to achieve amazing results. 

Sign up for the FREE test today and we will send you the results!  

Online English Resources

Types of composition essays tested at o level / g3 english.

by LearningGems.sg | Nov 27, 2023 | 0 comments

1. Introduction | Types of Composition Essays Tested at O Level / G3 English

Unlike the PSLE where students are exposed primarily to writing stories , the O Level / G3 English syllabus at secondary school expects students to be proficient in various text types or text genres. Text types refer to different styles of presenting information, classified based on the intent or purpose of the communicator. O Level / G3 English assesses a range of text types, including personal recounts, descriptive essays, expositions  ( argumentative and discursive essays), reflective essays, as well as hybrid or mixed genres.

2. Text Types Tested at O Level / G3 English Exam Essay Writing

2.1 personal recount.

A personal recount is a storytelling form where writers share real-life experiences they have personally lived through. It involves the chronological retelling of a series of events, adopting a first-person perspective and using past tense. Show not tell is also used to craft a vivid, sensory experience for the reader.

A personal recount also delves into the writer’s emotions, thoughts, and reflections throughout the experience. This introspective element adds depth to the storytelling, allowing readers to connect on a personal level and gain insights into the writer’s perspective. Ultimately, a personal recount is more than just a recollection of events. It is an invitation for readers to join the writer on a journey through his memories and emotions.

Examples of Past Year O Level English Exam Essay Questions:

• ‘As I looked back, I realised I had made the right decision.’ What about a time when you felt like this. [O Level 2023]
• ‘I realised that I was much stronger than I had previously thought.’ Write about a time when you felt like this. [O Level 2022]
• Write about a time when you did something just to impress someone which you later regretted. [O Level 2020]

2.2 Descriptive

A descriptive essay is a literary composition that engages the reader’s senses by vividly portraying a person, place, object, or experience. This form of writing intricately weaves together details that appeal to our five senses – sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch. The primary aim is to create vivid mental images in the reader’s mind, transporting them to the depicted scene or experience.

A descriptive essay does not necessarily require a fixed structure. Instead, it focuses primarily on capturing the essence of the topic through a wide array of descriptive language techniques. Examples of descriptive language techniques include the use of adjectives, adverbs, metaphors, similes, personification, and other literary devices to evoke specific sensory experiences. These descriptions can be organised logically or chronologically, depending on the writer’s intent. The result is a vivid, immersive portrayal that captivates the reader’s imagination.

Descriptive essays in the O Level / G3 English exam also quite commonly come in the form of hybrids .

• What is your idea of a perfect afternoon? Describe what you like to do and how it makes you feel. [O Level 2023]
• Some people enjoy being in a crowded place, while others prefer somewhere quieter with fewer people. Describe your perfect place where you want to relax. [O Level 2022]
• Describe the sights and sounds at a busy shopping mall. Remember to describe some of the people there as well. [O Level 2021]

2.3 Exposition

An expository essay is a type of writing which explains, illustrates, or clarifies a topic such that it becomes clear for the readers. It requires the writer to explain an idea, evaluate evidence, or set forth an argument concerning an idea in a clear and concise manner.

There are two primary sub-types of expository texts: argumentative and discursive.

2.3.1 Argumentative

Argumentative essays are designed to persuade or convince the reader to adopt a specific viewpoint or take a particular course of action. They present a clear argument or thesis, supported by compelling evidence, reasoning, and persuasive language.

The structure of an argumentative essay typically includes an introduction that states the thesis, followed by a presentation of supporting evidence and a conclusion that reinforces the author’s position. It may also provide counter arguments and offer rebuttals to refute these opposing arguments.

• ‘Schools should teach practical skills such as cooking and managing our finances.’ Do you agree? Why or why not? [O Level 2023]
• ‘People today are far too easily persuaded to spend money on things they don’t need.’ Do you agree that advertising has made us wasteful? [O Level 2022]
• ‘A happy person is a healthy person.’ How far would you agree? [O Level 2021]

2.3.2 Discursive

Discursive essays are characterised by their neutral and balanced presentation of information. Unlike an argumentative essay, a discursive piece presents different perspectives on a given topic without necessarily taking a clear stance or arguing for a specific point of view. These texts aim to provide a comprehensive overview by presenting various arguments or ideas related to the subject.

Discursive essays use logical reasoning, evidence, and facts to support each perspective without any criticism or persuasion. They allow readers to develop their own opinions due to its objectivity.

• ‘Young people are changing the world for the better.’ What is your opinion? [O Level 2021]
• ‘People should always tell the truth.’ Do you think there are any situations in which this might not be the best thing to do? Explain your views. [O Level 2017]
• ‘Shoppers have too much choice, from chocolate bars to jeans.’ What, in your opinion, are the advantages and disadvantages of having many things to choose from? [O Level 2015]

2.4 Reflective

A reflective essay is a form of writing where the writer examines his thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Writers adopt a contemplative and introspective tone, aiming to provide insights into their personal growth, learning, and self-discovery. The structure of a reflective essay typically involves the presentation of an event or experience, an examination of its significance, and a reflection on what was learned or gained from it.

Reflective writing encourages self-awareness and personal development, allowing both the writer and the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the writer’s inner world. This can be a powerful form of self-expression and a means to convey valuable life lessons.

In writing reflective pieces, always aim for a personal voice. Share experiences with a unique personal touch. Aim not only to recount experiences but to infuse them with personal perspectives, emotions, and insights.

• ‘There is no place like home.’ How true is this for you? [O Level 2020]
• Some people like to stand out from the crowd, others just want to be part of it. Which do you prefer and why? [O Level 2018]
• Which person has the greatest influence on your life at the present time, and why? [O Level 2014]

2.5 Hybrid / Mixed Genre

Hybrid essays, also known as mixed genre, are a creative blend of two different text types within a single composition. They combine elements of personal recount, descriptive, reflective, or expository essay to create a versatile piece of writing. The structure of a hybrid text varies depending on the specific blend of text types used. Depending on the question requirements, students may use storytelling to illustrate concepts or mix personal reflections with informative content. There is freedom to adapt and experiment with the structure and style, and there is no right or wrong as long as the question requirements are fulfilled.

In answering hybrid questions in the exam, it is important to ensure that all parts of the question have been addressed in detail. This, however, does not mean that equal weight needs to be given to both parts. Students just need to ensure there is a somewhat even ratio of both parts so as not to lose marks in content.

• Describe the things that you do to relax after you have been very busy. Explain why you find them enjoyable. [O Level 2020]
• Which person has had the most positive impact on your life? Describe this individual’s personality and in what ways he or she has influenced you. [O Level 2019]
• Which modern invention is essential for you and your family and which one could you and your family live without? Explain your views. [O Level 2018]

3. Conclusion | Types of Composition Essays Tested at O Level / G3 English

It is important to be able to identify the correct text type because different genres have different structures and therefore require different approaches in writing. Just as a carpenter selects different tools for specific tasks, understanding text genres allows you as the writer to choose the right approach to tackle various exam questions.

At Learning Gems, our experienced MOE-trained teachers are well-equipped to guide you towards exam success, be it through our weekly online classes or ad hoc booster workshops . Beyond the exams, we also aim to nurture your ability to wield the power of words in your unique way. Join us on this journey of language mastery and self-expression!

Learning Gems is a premium tuition centre that provides quality online English tuition classes to PSLE and GCE ‘O’ Level students in Singapore. Our teachers are well-versed with the latest MOE syllabus and have taught at various schools in Singapore. Be it the primary or secondary level, we possess the relevant experience and are fully qualified to help your child.

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Submit Comment

O-level Essay Writing Tips: How to Write a Good Hybrid Essay

By WR!TERS@WORK

Hybrid essays are something every Secondary School English student should be familiar with by now. As there are 7 different genres of essays in O Level English, namely: narrative essays, descriptive essays, expository essays, discursive essays, argumentative essays, personal reflective essays, and hybrid essays, students need to be familiar with the writing techniques associated with each genre.

Firstly, we will start by explaining what a hybrid essay is. A hybrid essay question is a unique type of essay prompt which combines elements from different essay types.

As with every essay, writing a good essay needs to have a plan. This article will share with you a 6-paragraph structure to help Singaporean O Level students master the art of writing good hybrid essays for their secondary school and O Level exams.

Breaking Down the Hybrid Essay Question

Let us begin by breaking down the hybrid essay question into its individual parts.

Sample Question (2020 O Level Paper 1): “There’s no place like home”. Is it true to you?

The student should first begin by identifying the genres featured in the hybrid essay question. In this question, it appears that “There’s no place like home” is an argumentative statement, while the question “Is it true to you?” is a personal reflective question.

The argumentative statement is designed to get the student to persuade the reader using well-reasoned arguments as to why they should agree with his/her stand. Meanwhile, the personal reflective statement is designed to get the student to write about their personal experiences and recount their memories in an authentic way.

After breaking down the question and figuring out that the hybrid essay question consists of an argumentative statement, the student can use the following 6-paragraph structure: (1) introduction, (2) supporting argument, (3) counter-argument, (4) rebuttal that weakens the counter-argument, (5) another supporting argument, (6) concluding paragraph.

1. Introduction

When a student makes an introduction, they need to outline the basic premise of the essay, which includes a directive thesis statement which shows their stand regarding the argument in the essay question. The directive thesis statement should consist of: (1) one counter-argument, (2) your stand, and (3) two supporting arguments.

The elements within the directive thesis statement will be argued and substantiated better in the essay. When writing the introduction, students may be stuck with coming up with a thesis statement on the fly. As such, they should take the time to plan their essay first, outlining the possible arguments and counter-arguments they will use, and they should think about which side they want to take in the argument. Planning your essay will make coming up with a thesis statement remarkably easier and will save you time while writing the following paragraphs.

2. Supporting Argument

The second paragraph will feature a supporting argument which backs up your stand. Students need to remember to choose the strongest arguments for their stand, as this will build up their case and make it more watertight. Imagine as though you are convincing your parents to do something you want, such as buying you something you like or bringing you somewhere fun. What would you say to them to convince them that they should do it? Obviously, children will say what they think are the strongest points, such as how much they deserve this treat.

Similarly, when writing an argumentative essay, it is important to choose the strongest argument to go first, as the explanation and elaboration for this argument will make or break your case.

There are 5 key elements to include in your supporting argument:

• The main point sentence/sentences
• Elaboration
• The example (personal or anecdotal)
• The evidence or example (generic or empirical)
• The link to the essay question or the next main point

It is important to bolster your argument with evidence. Think back to when you are convincing your parents to bring you somewhere you like or give you something you want. When you argue with them and tell them that you deserve it, you can show them evidence to support your point, like the chores you have done or the test you have scored well on. This will help convince your parents that you indeed do deserve whatever you said you wanted earlier.

Students should think about suitable evidence for their argument, as some types of evidence may be more suited to answering the question than others. Empirical evidence will include statistical studies and figures, while personal evidence comes from the student’s own perspective.

3. Counter-argument

In the third paragraph, the student should include a counter-argument to balance the hybrid essay. Some students may think that it would weaken their case to include a counter-argument, and that they should only state arguments which advance their case. However, this could not be further from the truth. By pre-emptively including the counter-argument, students show nuance in their thinking and a willingness to consider different viewpoints. By considering the arguments which could attack their case, they show critical thinking and a reasonable attitude.

Similarly, the 5 key elements in your counter-argument should include:

4. Rebuttal Weakening the Counter-argument

The fourth paragraph is where students provide the rebuttal to weaken the counter-argument they have explained earlier. Now, students have the opportunity to show their argumentative and reasoning skills by coming up with an explanation for why the earlier counter-argument should not weaken their case. This rebuttal should be a strong rebuttal, and it should sway the reader to your stance even more as you have demonstrated why the counter-argument is not a good one.

Use the 5 key elements in your rebuttal as well.

5. Supporting Argument

In the fifth paragraph, students should come up with a new supporting argument to advance their stand and to bolster their case. This argument should be their second-strongest argument and should be supported by the relevant elaboration.

As with all the paragraphs containing arguments, students should use the 5 key elements:

Finally, after these paragraphs, we are reaching the end of the hybrid essay.

6. Concluding Paragraph

The concluding paragraph should wrap up the entire essay with a summary of the points discussed and your personal reflections. The purpose of the conclusion is to make sure the student has answered the essay question with relevant arguments. When re-reading the entire essay again, the student should be sure that they have answered the essay question properly.

As such, I hope you found this article helpful in tackling hybrid questions at the secondary school level! Remember to write your essay without grammatical, spelling or sentence structure errors which will cost you valuable marks and to use a wide range of vocabulary to show off your writing skills to the examiner.

Improve Your Essay Writing Skills with WR!TERS@WORK!

At WR!TERS@WORK , we are committed to providing the smoothest learning experience for your child sitting for their English exams at both primary and secondary school levels. With our carefully curated methods of teaching English for PSLE, O Levels, and A Levels, your child will be able to identify the answers to the questions and present them in a concise manner in no time.

English is a compulsory subject that has direct impact on your chances of getting the best education opportunities. Overall, English tuition and writing courses can help primary school students enjoy a smoother transition between education levels by reinforcing their language skills and providing a strong foundation for academic success.

Engaging in English tuition and writing courses can greatly assist students in smoothly transitioning between education levels. These programs reinforce their language skills and establish a solid foundation for academic achievement. For more exam tips, parents and students can explore our website and watch our YouTube videos .

If you are interested in our primary English tuition and secondary English tuition in Singapore, WR!TERS@WORK has expanded to 8 convenient locations . To find the nearest location that suits your needs, please explore our options. If you have any inquiries regarding our range of programs or class schedules, please feel free to contact WR!TERS@WORK .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

1. How Do You Write an O Level Essay?

Firstly, students must know the genre of the O Level essay they are trying to write. Knowing the genre will help determine the writing techniques used in the essay. Next, students need to plan their essay and the content which will go into it. Moreover, students need a strong introduction to hook the reader into reading more of their essay and a good conclusion to finish off their essay, which summarises their points.

2. How to Get A1 for O Level English?

Getting an A1 for O Level English involves the student knowing how to communicate their ideas in a clear and concise manner when writing essays. Moreover, students must have a good understanding of the rules of grammar, a good variety of vocabulary, and flawless spelling which will show the marker that the student possesses a good command of the English language.

3. Is O Level English Hard?

O Level English can be difficult if students are not used to writing in a formal context. Students without a good command of the grammatical rules or a good sense of English vocabulary will struggle in O Level English. Moreover, students who are not comfortable writing essays of the required length will struggle in O Level English.

OUR CENTRES

320 Clementi Ave 4 #01-15/27 Singapore 120320 (See Map )

OPENING HOURS

Monday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm

WR!TERS@WORK PROGRAMMES

• Primary 6 PURE COMPOSITION Writing Program
• Primary 5 PURE COMPOSITION Writing Program
• Primary 4 PURE COMPOSITION Writing Program
• Upper Secondary Comprehensive English Program
• Lower Secondary Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 6 Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 5 Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 4 Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 3 Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 2 Comprehensive English Program
• Primary 1 Comprehensive English Program
• K2-Junior Comprehensive English Program

Call us: 6774 2618 / 9684 3373 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

[email protected]

Join the W@W community!

559 Bukit Timah Road #01-02B King’s Arcade Singapore 269695 (See Map )

Monday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm

Call us: 6463 6718 / 8600 2778 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

728 Ang Mo Kio Ave 6 #01-4220, Singapore 560728 (See Map )

Monday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am – 6.00pm

Call us: 6250 1906 / 8600 3815 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

1 Marine Parade Central Parkway Centre #10-08 Singapore 449408 (See Map )

Monday – Tuesday and Thursday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm Wednesday: CLOSED

Call us: 6243 3236 / 8600 3420 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

300 Tampines Ave 5 #05-08 Tampines Junction Singapore 529653 (See Map )

Monday – Wednesday and Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm Thursday : CLOSED

Call us: 6223 0125 / 8668 1924 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

Ci Yuan Community Centre 51 Hougang Ave 9 #03-02 Singapore 538776 (See Map )

Monday – Friday : 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday : 9.00am to 6.00pm Sunday : CLOSED

Call us: 6214 9359 / 8600 0498 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

298 Tiong Bahru Road #06-02 Central Plaza Singapore 168730 (See Map )

Monday, Wednesday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday: 9.00am to 6.00pm Tuesday and Sunday: Closed

Call us: 8600 5534 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

Blk 284 Bishan St 22 #01-207 Singapore 570284 (See Map )

Monday – Friday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday – Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm

Call us: 8600 0737 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

12 Kallang Ave Aperia Mall, #03-02 Singapore 339511 (See Map )

Call us: 8600 9441 WhatsApp us: 8404 9281

+65 6774 2618 / 9684 3373

Monday - Wednesday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Thursday - Friday: 2.00pm to 9.00pm Saturday - Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm

559 Bukit Timah Road #01-02B King's Arcade Singapore 269695 (See Map )

+65 6463 2956 / 8600 2778

+65 62501906 / 8600 3815

+65 62433236 / 8600 3420

+65 86681924

Monday - Wednesday: 11.00am to 7.00pm Thursday - Friday: 2.00pm to 7.00pm Saturday - Sunday: 9.00am to 6.00pm

+65 62501906 / +65 8600 3815

Monday - Friday : 11.00am to 7.00pm Saturday : 9.00am to 6.00pm

© Copyright www.writersatwork.com.sg 2024, all rights reserved. By Orfeostory - Web Design & App Developer Singapore