music and art essay

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Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays

Music in the renaissance.

ex "Kurtz" Violin

Andrea Amati

Double Virginal

Hans Ruckers the Elder

Cornetto in A

possibly Georg Voll

Sixtus Rauchwolff

Claviorganum

Lorenz Hauslaib

Tenor Recorder

Rectangular Octave Virginal

Rebecca Arkenberg Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

October 2002

Music was an essential part of civic, religious, and courtly life in the Renaissance. The rich interchange of ideas in Europe, as well as political, economic, and religious events in the period 1400–1600 led to major changes in styles of composing, methods of disseminating music, new musical genres, and the development of musical instruments. The most important music of the early Renaissance was composed for use by the church—polyphonic (made up of several simultaneous melodies) masses and motets in Latin for important churches and court chapels. By the end of the sixteenth century, however, patronage had broadened to include the Catholic Church, Protestant churches and courts, wealthy amateurs, and music printing—all were sources of income for composers.

The early fifteenth century was dominated initially by English and then Northern European composers. The Burgundian court was especially influential, and it attracted composers and musicians from all over Europe. The most important of these was Guillaume Du Fay (1397–1474), whose varied musical offerings included motets and masses for church and chapel services, many of whose large musical structures were based on existing Gregorian chant. His many small settings of French poetry display a sweet melodic lyricism unknown until his era. With his command of large-scale musical form, as well as his attention to secular text-setting, Du Fay set the stage for the next generations of Renaissance composers.

By about 1500, European art music was dominated by Franco-Flemish composers, the most prominent of whom was Josquin des Prez (ca. 1450–1521). Like many leading composers of his era, Josquin traveled widely throughout Europe, working for patrons in Aix-en-Provence, Paris, Milan, Rome, Ferrara, and Condé-sur-L’Escaut. The exchange of musical ideas among the Low Countries, France, and Italy led to what could be considered an international European style. On the one hand, polyphony or multivoiced music, with its horizontal contrapuntal style, continued to develop in complexity. At the same time, harmony based on a vertical arrangement of intervals, including thirds and sixths, was explored for its full textures and suitability for accompanying a vocal line. Josquin’s music epitomized these trends, with Northern-style intricate polyphony using canons, preexisting melodies, and other compositional structures smoothly amalgamated with the Italian bent for artfully setting words with melodies that highlight the poetry rather than masking it with complexity. Josquin, like Du Fay, composed primarily Latin masses and motets, but in a seemingly endless variety of styles. His secular output included settings of courtly French poetry, like Du Fay, but also arrangements of French popular songs, instrumental music, and Italian frottole.

With the beginning of the sixteenth century, European music saw a number of momentous changes. In 1501, a Venetian printer named Ottaviano Petrucci published the first significant collection of polyphonic music, the Harmonice Musices Odhecaton A . Petrucci’s success led eventually to music printing in France, Germany, England, and elsewhere. Prior to 1501, all music had to be copied by hand or learned by ear; music books were owned exclusively by religious establishments or extremely wealthy courts and households. After Petrucci, while these books were not inexpensive, it became possible for far greater numbers of people to own them and to learn to read music.

At about the same period, musical instrument technology led to the development of the viola da gamba , a fretted, bowed string instrument. Amateur European musicians of means eagerly took up the viol, as well as the lute , the recorder , the harpsichord (in various guises, including the spinet and virginal), the organ , and other instruments. The viola da gamba and recorder were played together in consorts or ensembles and often were produced in families or sets, with different sizes playing the different lines. Publications by Petrucci and others supplied these players for the first time with notated music (as opposed to the improvised music performed by professional instrumentalists). The sixteenth century saw the development of instrumental music such as the canzona, ricercare, fantasia, variations, and contrapuntal dance-inspired compositions, for both soloists and ensembles, as a truly distinct and independent genre with its own idioms separate from vocal forms and practical dance accompaniment.

The musical instruments depicted in the studiolo of Duke Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino (ca. 1479–82; 39.153 ) represent both his personal interest in music and the role of music in the intellectual life of an educated Renaissance man. The musical instruments are placed alongside various scientific instruments, books, and weapons, and they include a portative organ, lutes, fiddle, and cornetti; a hunting horn; a pipe and tabor; a harp and jingle ring; a rebec; and a cittern .

From about 1520 through the end of the sixteenth century, composers throughout Europe employed the polyphonic language of Josquin’s generation in exploring musical expression through the French chanson, the Italian madrigal, the German tenorlieder, the Spanish villancico, and the English song, as well as in sacred music. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation directly affected the sacred polyphony of these countries. The Protestant revolutions (mainly in Northern Europe) varied in their attitudes toward sacred music, bringing such musical changes as the introduction of relatively simple German-language hymns (or chorales) sung by the congregation in Lutheran services. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525/26–1594), maestro di cappella at the Cappella Giulia at Saint Peter’s in Rome, is seen by many as the iconic High Renaissance composer of Counter-Reformation sacred music, which features clear lines, a variety of textures, and a musically expressive reverence for its sacred texts. The English (and Catholic) composer William Byrd (1540–1623) straddled both worlds, composing Latin-texted works for the Catholic Church, as well as English-texted service music for use at Elizabeth I ‘s Chapel Royal.

Sixteenth-century humanists studied ancient Greek treatises on music , which discussed the close relationship between music and poetry and how music could stir the listener’s emotions. Inspired by the classical world, Renaissance composers fit words and music together in an increasingly dramatic fashion, as seen in the development of the Italian madrigal and later the operatic works of Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643). The Renaissance adaptation of a musician singing and accompanying himself on a stringed instrument, a variation on the theme of Orpheus, appears in Renaissance artworks like Caravaggio’s Musicians ( 52.81 ) and Titian ‘s Venus and the Lute Player ( 36.29 ).

Arkenberg, Rebecca. “Music in the Renaissance.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renm/hd_renm.htm (October 2002)

Additional Essays by Rebecca Arkenberg

• Arkenberg, Rebecca. “ Renaissance Violins .” (October 2002)
• Arkenberg, Rebecca. “ Renaissance Keyboards .” (October 2002)
• Arkenberg, Rebecca. “ Renaissance Organs .” (October 2002)

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List of Rulers

• List of Rulers of Europe
• Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.
• Florence and Central Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
• France, 1400–1600 A.D.
• Great Britain and Ireland, 1400–1600 A.D.
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• Musical Instrument
• Northern Renaissance
• Percussion Instrument
• Plucked String Instrument
• Renaissance Art
• String Instrument
• Wind Instrument

Artist or Maker

• Amati, Andrea
• Amati, Nicolò
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Online Features

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Art Essay Writing Guide

Table of Contents

What is the purpose of an art essay?

Generally, an art essay is an essay that talks about art in sculpture, paintings, architecture, music and portraits.

These kinds of essays are used for:

• Painting visual pictures: an art essay is an essay that showcases visual arts and creative ideas that people have come up with.
• Improving creativity: the whole purpose of art essays is to provide a platform for students to tap into their creative side and vividly paint a picture of a certain image using words.

Art essay topic choice

Like every other essay, there are general tips that should be considered when coming up with an art essay writing topic.

• The type of art: this may include a painting, a sculpture or just a simple hand diagram. The type of art is important as it sets out what you are supposed to write about.
• What intrigues you about the art: this is the most important part of the essay. The whole art essay is based on what you want others to know about the piece of art.
• Personal interests: what you, as a writer, love is very important as it narrows down the topic. It is easier to write on topics that are well-known to you.

There are a number of art essay writing topics to choose from.

Below is a list of topics for an art essay

• Differences between Picasso’s concepts and Matisse’s
• The history of art in the Netherlands
• Differences between Bernini and Borromini
• The inspiration behind famous painting
• The Mona Lisa
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Ancient Roman structures
• The sculptures of nude women
• Impressionism era of art in Netherlands
• The graphics of modern day art
• Insinuations behind ‘The Thinker’
• The Pieta of Michelangelo
• The contribution of Vincent Van Gogh and Piet Mondrian
• Flemish Baroque in the 17th century.

The above are some of the good topics for an art essay.

Structure of an art essay

The art essay topics determine the kind of structure to build on. However, most have a standard art essay structure.

Sample of art essay outline

Introduction.

The Mona Lisa is one of the most known paintings in the world. This is the painting of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco Del Giocondo, believed to have been painted in the 16th century. It is the work of Leonardo da Vinci and it was purchased by King Francis I. The Mona Lisa is currently under the ownership of the French government.

Thesis statement

The Mona Lisa has had a great impact towards the contribution of art in France:

(i)    It is one of the most famous paintings in the world. The Mona Lisa is the painting that everyone wants to see. It is so precious that only a copy of it is actually showcased in the museum.

(ii)    It has led to the growth of art. The Mona Lisa has inspired artists all over France. There has been a rise of many artists including Camille Pissarro, a painter, and Etienne-Jules Marey, a photographer.

It is clear that the Mona Lisa is the soft spot in France. The French take pride in it and have used it to improve their lives. Besides its contribution to art, it has also placed France among the leading countries that celebrate art. This has therefore created a culture of being drawn to art and it is reflected in their way of life.

The above is a sample of outline for an art essay.

Arts essay tips on writing the introduction

An art essay introduction identifies the art and the artist. Art is diverse, as it could be sculptures, architecture, performing arts or paintings in it. This is where you state why you chose that topic.  It also contains a history of the said art and brief details, like who the artist is, the year, the location, etc.

The introduction for an art essay states the thesis. It may be a general statement about the art or a specific aspect of it.

Tips on thesis writing

The thesis statement should be simple and easy to write about. Too complex statements tend to be confusing.

• Pick a statement that is closer to your understanding.
• Ensure it is as simple as possible.
• To avoid irrelevancy, one can have an art essay draft that they can build on.

Tips on the body (transitions, paragraphs, and length)

This is the main part of the essay where you derive analysis based on your point of view.  Describe why the art is so appealing to you. Ensure that your defense covers an angle that has not already been covered for uniqueness. For example, one can focus only on the strokes of a portrait. However, ensure that what you describe is relevant to the thesis of your art essay topics.

The essay should not be too long. The sentence construction should also be well done. For this reason, it is advisable to have your points arranged into paragraphs. Ensure that each paragraph is independent and speaks volumes. This ensures that the art essay hooks the reader.

The transition from one paragraph to the next should also be smooth. Using cliché transitions makes the essay boring; therefore, you need to be creative.

Tips on conclusion writing

In an art essay conclusion, one needs to state their opinion. What you think the artists` feelings were and why they decided to paint it the way they did. At this point, you can state the events that contributed to the artist coming up with that art. The conclusion for an art essay requires a lot of research into the background of both the art and the artist(s). For this reason, the references and sources of the information should be cited.

Advice for writers

In art essay writing it is important to first do your research. Art is so diverse and this can be sometimes confusing. The topic to write on should be related to your interests, for example, as a musician, you would find it easier to write about performing arts and music. Besides this, do not plagiarize any work done. Cite and state all sources, making sure that you observe all rules of patent and copyrights.

For you to be a good writer, these art essay tips will be very helpful.  The best writer is the one who admits to being in a need of help. The art essay writing guide can also be used to find more about art essay writing steps. Different sources could give different art essay outlines so you need to be careful.

Finalizing the essay

After writing the art essay, it is important to have a clean essay. This calls for proofreading and editing. Proofreading ensures that you do not have any grammatical errors, the art essay outlining is as required, your sentence construction is good and the language used is the required one. Some sites offer art essay writing guide for use when one gets stuck.  Proofreading also ensures that the art essay structure is followed. After this is done, ensure that the format used is correct whether APA, MLA or Chicago.

Guide on How to Write a Music Essay: Topics and Examples

Let's Understand What is Music Essay

You know how some school assignments are fun to write by default, right? When students see them on the course syllabus, they feel less like a burden and more like a guaranteed pleasure. They are about our interests and hobbies and therefore feel innate and intuitive to write. They are easy to navigate, and interesting topic ideas just pop into your head without much trouble.

Music essays belong to the category of fun essay writing. What is music essay? Anything from in-depth analysis to personal thoughts put into words and then to paper can fall into a music essay category. An essay about music can cover a wide range of topics, including music history, theory, social impact, significance, and musical review. It can be an analytical essay about any music genre, musical instruments, or today's music industry.

Don't get us wrong, you will still need to do extensive research to connect your opinions to a broader context, and you can't step out of academic writing standards, but the essay writing process will be fun.

In this article, our custom essay writing service is going to guide you through every step of writing an excellent music essay. You can draw inspiration from the list of music essay topics that our team prepared, and later on, you will learn what an outstanding essay on music is by an example of a music review essay.

What are Some Music Topics to Write About

There are so many exciting music topics to write about. We would have trouble choosing one. You can write about various music genres, be it country music or classical music; you can research music therapy or how music production happens.

Okay, forgive us for getting carried away; music makes us enthusiastic. Below you will find a list of various music essay topics prepared from our thesis writing service . Choose one and write a memorable essay about everyone's favorite art form.

Music Argumentative Essay Topics

Music essays can be written about an infinite number of themes. You can even write about performance or media comparison.

Here is a list of music argumentative essay topics. These edge-cutting topics will challenge your readers and get you an easy A+.

• Exploring the evolution of modern music styles of the 21st century
• Is it ethical to own and play rare musical instruments?
• Is music therapy an effective mental health treatment?
• Exploring the Intersection of Technology and Creativity in electronic music
• The Relevance of traditional music theory in modern music production
• The Role of musical pieces in the Transmission of cultural identity
• The value of historical analysis in understanding the significance of music in society
• How does exposing listeners to different genres of music break down barriers
• Exploring the cognitive effects of music on human brain development
• The therapeutic potential of music in treating mental disorders

Why is Music Important Essay Topics

Do you know which essay thrills our team the most? The importance of music in life essay. We put our minds together and came up with a list of topics about why music is so central to human life. Start writing why is music important essay, and we guarantee you that you will be surprised by how much fun you had crafting it.  

• Popular Music and its Role in shaping cultural trends
• Music as a metaphorical language for expressing emotions and thoughts
• How music changes and influences social and political movements
• How the music of different countries translates their history to outsiders
• The innate connection between music and human beings
• How music helps us understand feelings we have never experienced
• Does music affect our everyday life and the way we think?
• Examining the cross-cultural significance of music in society
• How rock music influenced 70's political ideologies
• How rap music closes gaps between different racial groups in the US

Consider delegating your ' write my essay ' request to our expert writers for crafting a perfect paper on any music topic!

Why I Love Music Essay Topics

We want to know what is music to you, and the best way to tell us is to write a why I love music essay. Below you will find a list of music essay topics that will help you express your love for music.

• I love how certain songs and artists evoke Memories and Emotions
• I love the diversity of music genres and how different styles enrich my love for music
• I love how music connects me with people of different backgrounds
• How the music of Linkin Park helped me through life's toughest challenges
• What does my love for popular music say about me?
• How the unique sounds of string instruments fuel my love for music
• How music provides a temporary Release from the stresses of daily life
• How music motivates me to chase my dreams
• How the raw energy of rock music gets me through my daily life
• Why my favorite song is more than just music to me

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Music Therapy Essay Topics

One of the most interesting topics about music for an essay is music therapy. We are sure you have heard all the stories of how music cures not only mental but also physical pains. Below you can find a list of topics that will help you craft a compelling music therapy essay. And don't forget that you can always rely on our assistance for fulfilling your ' write my paper ' requests!

• The effectiveness of music therapy in reducing stress and pain for cancer patients
• Does pop music have the same effects on music therapy as classical music?
• Exploring the benefits of music therapy with other genres beyond classical music
• The potential of music therapy in aiding substance abuse treatment and recovery
• The Role of music therapy in Addressing PTSD and Trauma in military veterans
• The impact of music therapy on enhancing social interaction and emotional expression in individuals with developmental disabilities
• The use of music therapy in managing chronic pain
• Does musical therapy help depression?
• Does music reduce anxiety levels?
• Is music therapy better than traditional medicine?

History of Music Essay Topics

If you love analytical essays and prefer to see the bigger picture, you can always write a music description essay. Below you can find some of the most interesting topics for the history of music essay.

• The Significance of natural instruments in music production and performance
• Tracing the historical development of Western music theory
• How electronic music traces its roots back to classical music
• How the music industry evolved from sheet music to streaming services
• How modern producers relate to classical composers
• The Origins and Influence of Jazz Music
• How folk music saved the Stories of unnamed heroes
• Do we know what the music of ancient civilizations sounded like?
• Where does your favorite bandstand in the line of music evolve?
• The Influence of African American Music on modern pop culture

Benefits of Music Essay Topics

If you are someone who wonders what are some of the values that music brings to our daily life, you should write the benefits of music essay. The music essay titles below can inspire you to write a captivating essay:

• How music can be used to promote cultural awareness and understanding
• The benefits of music education in promoting creativity and innovation
• The social benefits of participating in music groups
• The Impact of Music on Memory and Learning
• The cognitive benefits of music education in early childhood development
• The effects of music on mood and behavior
• How learning to play an instrument improves cognitive functions.
• How music connects people distanced by thousands of miles
• The benefits of listening to music while exercising
• How music can express the feelings words fail to do so 

Music Analysis Essay Example

Reading other people's papers is a great way to scale yours. There are many music essay examples, but the one crafted by our expert writers stands out in every possible way. You can learn what a great thesis statement looks like, how to write an engaging introduction, and what comprehensive body paragraphs should look like. 

Click on the sample below to see the music analysis essay example. 

How to Write a Music Essay with Steps

Writing music essays is definitely not rocket science, so don't be afraid. It's just like writing any other paper, and a music essay outline looks like any other essay structure.

• Start by choosing a music essay topic. You can use our list above to get inspired. Choose a topic about music that feels more relevant and less researched so you can add brand-new insights. As we discussed, your music essay can be just about anything; it can be a concert report or an analytical paper about the evolution of music.
• Continue by researching the topic. Gather all the relevant materials and information for your essay on music and start taking notes. You can use these notes as building blocks for the paper. Be prepared; even for short essays, you may need to read books and long articles.
• Once you have all the necessary information, the ideas in your head will start to take shape. The next step is to develop a thesis statement out of all the ideas you have in your head. A thesis statement is a must as it informs readers what the entire music essay is about. Don't be afraid to be bold in your statement; new outlooks are always appreciated.
• Next, you'll need a music essay introduction. Here you introduce the readers to the context and background information about the research topic. It should be clear, brief, and engaging. You should set the tone of your essay from the very beginning. Don't forget the introduction is where the thesis statement goes.
• One of the most important parts of essay writing is crafting a central body paragraph about music. This is where you elaborate on your thesis, make main points, and support them with the evidence you gathered beforehand. Remember, your music essay should be well structured and depict a clear picture of your ideas.
• Next, you will need to come up with an ideal closing paragraph. Here you will need to once again revisit the main points in your music essay, restate them in a logical manner and give the readers your final thoughts.
• Don't forget to proofread your college essay. Whether you write a long or short essay on music, there will be grammatical and factual errors. Revise and look through your writing with a critical mind. You may find that some parts need rewriting.

Key Takeaways

Music essays are a pleasure to write and read. There are so many topics and themes to choose from, and if you follow our How to Write a Music Essay guide, you are guaranteed to craft a top-notch essay every time.

Be bold when selecting a subject even when unsure what is research essay topic on music, take the writing process easy, follow the academic standards, and you are good to go. Use our music essay sample to challenge yourself and write a professional paper. 

If you feel stuck and have no time our team of expert writers is always ready to give you help from all subject ( medical school personal statement school help ). Visit our website, submit your ' write my research paper ' request and a guaranteed A+ essay will be on your way in just one click.

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Our expert writers are here to write a quality paper that will make you the star of your class!

FAQs on Writing a Music Essay

Though music essay writing is not the hardest job on the planet, there are still some questions that often pop up. Now that you have a writing guide and a list of essay topics about music, it's time to address the remaining inquiries. Keep reading to find the answers to the frequently asked questions. 

Should Artists' Music be Used in Advertising?

What type of music is best for writing an essay, why do people love music.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Music Therapy — How Music Affects Mental Health

How Music Affects Mental Health

• Categories: Mental Health Music Therapy

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Words: 704 |

Published: Jun 13, 2024

Words: 704 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, music as a therapeutic tool, music as an emotional outlet, music and social connectivity.

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Role of Music in Our Life Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Music is one of the greatest and most mysterious spheres of art, which is worth admiring. It is music that speaking to our heart makes people laughing and crying. Music is one of the strongest means of a persons inspiration and one of the most important part of our life.

It is obvious that like any other form of art music has its own language. Pictorial art speaks with us by means of paints, literature with the help of words, and music by virtue of magic sounds of various musical instruments. All the branches of art are tightly interconnected with each other serving the one goal – to bring up the sense of beauty and harmony in a person.

It goes without saying that every individual is talented in its own way. From early childhood, a person unconsciously tries to express oneself by means of art. Some child may be noticed in a process of painting, while another hums in a low tone his favourite song. It is of great importance to recognize a childs inclinations in order to develop them in a full manner in future.

True art forms an aesthetic sensibility and it is very important to instill in children love for beauty from the cradle. The development of creative potential, nice sense of beauty and possibility to notice something unusual are those factors that help artistic people in creation. The creative approach helps a person in his daily activity. Moreover, the admiration of beauty provides us with additional energy in overcoming difficulties.

Those people who have a sense of beauty are optimists and dreamers in a certain manner. As a rule, they possess qualities that are necessary to be successful in life. That is why it is of great importance to introduce children to the world of music, poetry, pictorial art and literature, because art promotes a childs pursuance of beauty and ideal.

It is also noticed that art education promotes the cognitive development of a child. As a rule those children who attend musical classes have better progress in education.

At the same time, children should not be forced to deal with activity to which they have no propensity. It is a task of parents to recognize a childs inclinations and abilities. There may be found numerous examples when a child who has been compelled to attend music lessons leaves his study, finding himself in another sphere of art. For instance a parent, impressed by a virtuoso guitar technique of his favorite musician, decides for himself to do his best in order his child to become a great guitar player, while his child has inclination for drawing.

There are also examples when a child with an obvious aptitude for music has no desire to attend music lessons. In such a case, motivation plays a very important role. There are many possibilities to cultivate love of art in a child. It is possible to visit an art museum or a concert of classic music. It does not matter if a child pays more attention to the mere process of visit than to an exhibition in itself. The key point of such a visit is to stimulate childish interest. The appreciation of masterpieces in a museum will be later.

While motivating interest for music many teachers pay much attention to concerts, in which a child is involved. They say that a feeling of anxiety before such a concert is changed with a sense of euphoria and satisfaction after a successful playing. This factor serves as a key point in motivation.

It is impossible to imagine our life without art or music. It creates a new world of thoughts, lofty sentiments and passions. It is art that makes us spiritually wealthy.

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IvyPanda. (2020, July 3). Role of Music in Our Life. https://ivypanda.com/essays/role-of-music-in-our-life/

"Role of Music in Our Life." IvyPanda , 3 July 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/role-of-music-in-our-life/.

IvyPanda . (2020) 'Role of Music in Our Life'. 3 July.

IvyPanda . 2020. "Role of Music in Our Life." July 3, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/role-of-music-in-our-life/.

1. IvyPanda . "Role of Music in Our Life." July 3, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/role-of-music-in-our-life/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Role of Music in Our Life." July 3, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/role-of-music-in-our-life/.

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Ielts essay # 1219 - music for bringing people of different cultures and ages together, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, some people say that music is a good way of bringing people of different cultures and ages together., to what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion.

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Why Art And Music Should Not Be Taught In Schools?

• August 12, 2023
• Learning Techniques

Imagine a world without art and music in schools. Sounds pretty bleak, right? Well, there’s a debate brewing about whether or not art and music should be taught in educational institutions. In this article, we’ll explore the reasons why some people argue against teaching art and music in schools.

Now, you might be wondering, why on earth would anyone want to eliminate art and music from the curriculum? Well, one argument is that schools should prioritize more practical subjects that prepare students for the real world. But is that really the whole story? Let’s delve deeper into this debate and examine different perspectives.

Don’t worry, we won’t leave you hanging with just one side of the story. We’ll also explore the benefits of incorporating art and music into school programs. So, get ready to dive in and discover why art and music education matters. Let’s explore the arguments, debunk myths, and come to a well-rounded understanding of this controversial topic. Are you ready? Let’s begin!

Table of Contents

The Importance of Art and Music Education in Schools

Art and music are integral parts of human culture and expression. They have the power to spark creativity, nurture imagination, and foster emotional well-being. Despite their numerous benefits, there has been growing debate about whether art and music should continue to be taught in schools. In this article, we will delve into this topic, examining the reasons why art and music should not be taught in schools, and offer a balanced perspective on the matter.

Development of Well-rounded Individuals

One of the primary arguments against teaching art and music in schools is the belief that these subjects divert attention and resources away from core academic subjects such as math or science. Critics argue that schools should prioritize subjects that directly contribute to students’ academic and career success. While it is essential to provide a strong foundation in core subjects, it is equally important to develop the whole child. Art and music education allow students to express themselves creatively, develop critical thinking skills, and enhance their emotional intelligence. By exposing students to these subjects, schools play a crucial role in fostering the development of well-rounded individuals.

Moreover, art and music education can have a positive impact on students’ overall academic performance. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between participation in arts programs and improved cognitive abilities, including enhanced problem-solving and spatial reasoning skills. By excluding art and music from school curricula, we risk depriving students of the opportunity to develop these essential skills, limiting their potential for success in other academic areas.

Additionally, art and music engage students in active learning, making education more enjoyable and meaningful. Students who are allowed to explore their creativity through art and music experience higher levels of motivation and engagement. This, in turn, leads to increased school attendance, improved behavior, and higher graduation rates. By eliminating art and music from schools, we risk dampening students’ enthusiasm for learning and depriving them of these extrinsic benefits.

Cultivation of Cultural Appreciation

Art and music are not just forms of self-expression; they are also powerful vehicles for learning about different cultures and historical periods. By studying art and music, students gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultural practices, traditions, and perspectives. This exposure to a broad range of artistic and musical styles fosters tolerance, empathy, and global awareness, which are essential in an increasingly interconnected world.

Furthermore, art and music education provide students with the tools to express themselves in non-verbal ways, enabling them to communicate their feelings and experiences effectively. This is particularly important for students who may struggle with verbal communication or have limited proficiency in the dominant language. Through creative expression, these students can find their voice, build confidence, and develop a positive self-identity.

Moreover, the inclusion of art and music in schools ensures equal access to these forms of cultural expression. For many students, school may be the only place where they have the opportunity to explore and engage with art and music. By removing these subjects from school curricula, we risk creating disparities in access to creative outlets and perpetuating social inequalities.

Benefits Beyond the Classroom

Another argument in support of art and music education in schools is the broad range of benefits they provide beyond the classroom. Participation in art and music programs can boost students’ self-esteem, promote teamwork and collaboration, and enhance their problem-solving skills. These skills are transferable to various aspects of life, including future careers. Many employers value creative thinking, collaboration, and adaptability – qualities that art and music education helps develop.

In addition, art and music education have been linked to improved mental health and well-being. Engaging in creative activities can be a form of therapy, allowing students to explore and express their emotions in a safe and supportive environment. Artistic and musical outlets have been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting overall mental and emotional well-being.

Furthermore, the integration of art and music into school curricula contributes to the cultural enrichment of communities. Students who have been exposed to art and music education are more likely to become active participants in arts and cultural events, supporting local artists and contributing to the vibrancy of their communities.

The Link Between Art, Music, and Academic Achievement

Art and music: enhancing academic performance.

When it comes to education, the focus is often on core subjects like math, science, and literacy. However, research has continuously shown that art and music can have a significant impact on academic achievement and cognitive development. By integrating art and music into schools, educators can create a well-rounded curriculum that addresses the diverse learning needs of students.

Studies have demonstrated that art and music education can improve students’ overall academic performance. For example, research conducted by the Arts Education Partnership found that students who consistently participate in art and music programs tend to have higher standardized test scores, particularly in math and reading. Moreover, students exposed to art and music are more likely to demonstrate higher levels of creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities, all of which are crucial for success in academic settings.

Additionally, art and music education can enhance students’ language development and communication skills. Through creative expression, students learn to effectively convey ideas and emotions. This can help develop their verbal and non-verbal communication skills, leading to improved language acquisition and expression.

The Role of Art and Music in Social and Emotional Development

Beyond academic achievement, art and music also play a significant role in students’ social and emotional well-being. These creative outlets provide a means for self-expression, stress relief, and emotional regulation. By engaging in artistic and musical activities, students can develop a greater sense of self-awareness and emotional intelligence, leading to improved relationships and overall mental health.

Art and music promote a positive and inclusive classroom environment. When students engage in collaborative art projects or participate in musical ensembles, they learn valuable skills such as teamwork, cooperation, and empathy. These experiences help foster a sense of belonging and help students develop positive relationships with their peers.

Moreover, art and music education offer students a safe space to explore and express their emotions. Whether it is through visual art, dance, or playing an instrument, students can find solace and unleash their creativity, ultimately leading to improved emotional well-being.

The Integration of Art and Music Across the Curriculum

The power of interdisciplinary learning.

Art and music have the unique ability to transcend disciplinary boundaries and seamlessly integrate into other academic subjects. When incorporated into the curriculum, they can enhance students’ learning experiences and deepen their understanding of various topics.

For example, the use of visual art can bring history lessons to life, allowing students to visualize historical events or explore diverse cultures through artistic representations. Similarly, music can be used to teach mathematical concepts, as students learn about rhythm, patterns, and proportions.

Interdisciplinary learning not only helps students make connections across different subjects but also allows them to approach complex concepts from multiple perspectives. By integrating art and music into other areas of study, educators can foster a more holistic and engaging learning environment.

Art and Music as Tools for Personal Expression

Art and music provide students with invaluable tools to express themselves and explore their own identities. This form of personal expression is essential for fostering individuality and encouraging students to develop their unique voices.

By incorporating art and music into the curriculum, educators create opportunities for students to share their experiences, beliefs, and emotions. This can lead to a deeper sense of self-awareness and an appreciation for diversity and inclusivity.

Moreover, art and music can serve as outlets for students to address social issues and advocate for positive change. Through artistic expressions, students can raise awareness about topics such as social justice, environmental conservation, or mental health, empowering them to become active agents of change in their communities.

Art and music education play a vital role in the development of well-rounded individuals, nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. They offer students a means of self-expression, enhance academic performance, and promote social and emotional well-being. By integrating art and music into schools, educators create a more inclusive and enriching learning environment, equipping students with essential skills that extend far beyond their time in the classroom. As we strive to prepare students for a rapidly changing world, it is imperative that we recognize the immense value and impact of art and music education.

Key Takeaways: Why Art and Music Should Not Be Taught in Schools?

• Art and music allow students to express themselves creatively.
• Learning art and music can improve problem-solving skills.
• Art and music classes provide a break from academic subjects.
• Studying art and music can enhance cultural awareness.
• Art and music education can develop discipline and perseverance.

Frequently Asked Questions

In this section, we will explore commonly asked questions about the importance of art and music education in schools and why it should be prioritized.

1. How does art and music education benefit students?

Art and music education provide numerous benefits for students. First and foremost, they foster creativity and self-expression. By engaging in artistic and musical activities, students are encouraged to think outside the box, develop their unique voices, and express emotions in a healthy manner. Moreover, art and music education enhance critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students learn to analyze, interpret, and make decisions based on their observations in a creative context. Additionally, art and music education contribute to improved academic performance. Research has shown that students who engage in these subjects demonstrate higher levels of achievement in other areas such as math and literacy.

Furthermore, art and music education promote cultural awareness and empathy. Through exposure to different artistic styles and musical traditions, students gain a deeper understanding of diverse cultures and perspectives. This fosters tolerance, empathy, and respect for others. Lastly, art and music education provide an outlet for emotional expression and stress relief. They offer students a means to express and deal with emotions, helping to improve mental well-being and overall emotional development.

2. Are art and music education only beneficial for students pursuing a career in these fields?

No, art and music education benefit all students, regardless of their career aspirations. While some students may pursue careers in art or music, the skills and qualities developed through these subjects are applicable to various fields. Creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, and effective communication skills are valued in many professions. Art and music education also encourage innovation and out-of-the-box thinking, qualities that can be advantageous in any career path. Beyond career benefits, art and music education contribute to the overall development of well-rounded individuals, fostering qualities such as empathy, cultural appreciation, and emotional intelligence.

Moreover, art and music education provide an avenue for students to explore their passions and interests. They help students discover their unique talents and strengths, boosting self-confidence and self-esteem. By experiencing the joy and satisfaction of creating art or making music, students gain a sense of accomplishment and develop a lifelong appreciation for these forms of expression.

3. Isn’t art and music education a distraction from academic subjects?

No, art and music education should not be seen as a distraction, but rather as a complementary aspect of education. In fact, studies have shown that integrating art and music into the curriculum can enhance academic performance. Art and music stimulate different areas of the brain, fostering creativity and critical thinking, which in turn can positively impact students’ ability to comprehend and solve problems across all subjects. Moreover, research indicates that students with access to arts education often demonstrate improved attendance, higher motivation, and enhanced focus in other academic areas.

Additionally, art and music education provide a well-rounded education that equips students with a diverse skill set. These subjects nurture qualities such as collaboration, discipline, perseverance, and adaptability, which are essential for success in both academic and professional settings. By incorporating art and music into the school curriculum, students are given the opportunity to develop a broader range of skills and talents, creating a balanced and enriching educational experience.

4. Is it cost-effective to include art and music education in schools?

Yes, including art and music education in schools is indeed cost-effective. While it may require some financial investment upfront, the long-term benefits outweigh the initial costs. Art and music education enhance students’ overall academic performance, leading to improved graduation rates and increased opportunities for further education. By providing students with a well-rounded education that includes art and music, schools can foster a love for these subjects and potentially inspire future artists and musicians.

Beyond academic advantages, art and music education contribute to the community at large. They promote cultural enrichment, social cohesion, and overall well-being. Artistic and musical activities often involve collaboration and community engagement, fostering connections between students, teachers, families, and local organizations. By investing in art and music education, schools can contribute to the cultural and artistic vibrancy of their communities.

5. How can art and music education be integrated into schools?

There are various ways to integrate art and music education into schools. One approach is to incorporate these subjects into the regular curriculum as standalone classes or as integrated components of other subjects. This can be achieved through dedicated art and music teachers who provide instruction and guidance. Another approach is to collaborate with local artists, musicians, and cultural organizations to offer workshops, performances, and exhibitions that expose students to different art forms and musical genres.

Furthermore, schools can provide access to resources and facilities that support art and music education. This includes art supplies, musical instruments, and designated spaces for creative expression. Additionally, schools can promote extracurricular activities such as art clubs, choirs, bands, and orchestras which provide opportunities for students to further explore their artistic and musical interests. By incorporating art and music throughout the school environment, from the classroom to extracurricular activities, schools can create a culture of creativity, fostering the development of well-rounded individuals.

Why Music Deserves an Equal Place In Our Schools | James Burritt | TEDxBuffalo

Okay, here’s what we’ve learned about why art and music should not be taught in schools. First off, we explored how important art and music are in our lives. They help us express ourselves and understand the world in a different way. Then, we looked at how learning these subjects can improve our creativity, problem-solving skills, and even academic performance.

Next, we examined some of the arguments people have against teaching art and music in schools. Some say they distract students from other important subjects or that they’re not as necessary for future careers. However, we discussed how these objections don’t really hold up. Art and music can actually enhance our ability to learn other subjects and give us valuable skills for any career path we choose.

Finally, we explored the benefits of art and music education. We discovered that it can boost self-confidence, reduce stress, and even help improve our overall well-being. It also allows us to explore different cultures and perspectives, fostering empathy and understanding.

In conclusion, art and music should definitely be taught in schools. They bring joy and beauty into our lives, help us grow as individuals, and prepare us for a bright future. So let’s embrace the power of creativity and keep art and music alive in our schools!

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Essay on Art

500 words essay on art.

Each morning we see the sunshine outside and relax while some draw it to feel relaxed. Thus, you see that art is everywhere and anywhere if we look closely. In other words, everything in life is artwork. The essay on art will help us go through the importance of art and its meaning for a better understanding.

What is Art?

For as long as humanity has existed, art has been part of our lives. For many years, people have been creating and enjoying art.  It expresses emotions or expression of life. It is one such creation that enables interpretation of any kind.

It is a skill that applies to music, painting, poetry, dance and more. Moreover, nature is no less than art. For instance, if nature creates something unique, it is also art. Artists use their artwork for passing along their feelings.

Thus, art and artists bring value to society and have been doing so throughout history. Art gives us an innovative way to view the world or society around us. Most important thing is that it lets us interpret it on our own individual experiences and associations.

Art is similar to live which has many definitions and examples. What is constant is that art is not perfect or does not revolve around perfection. It is something that continues growing and developing to express emotions, thoughts and human capacities.

Importance of Art

Art comes in many different forms which include audios, visuals and more. Audios comprise songs, music, poems and more whereas visuals include painting, photography, movies and more.

You will notice that we consume a lot of audio art in the form of music, songs and more. It is because they help us to relax our mind. Moreover, it also has the ability to change our mood and brighten it up.

After that, it also motivates us and strengthens our emotions. Poetries are audio arts that help the author express their feelings in writings. We also have music that requires musical instruments to create a piece of art.

Other than that, visual arts help artists communicate with the viewer. It also allows the viewer to interpret the art in their own way. Thus, it invokes a variety of emotions among us. Thus, you see how essential art is for humankind.

Without art, the world would be a dull place. Take the recent pandemic, for example, it was not the sports or news which kept us entertained but the artists. Their work of arts in the form of shows, songs, music and more added meaning to our boring lives.

Therefore, art adds happiness and colours to our lives and save us from the boring monotony of daily life.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Art

All in all, art is universal and can be found everywhere. It is not only for people who exercise work art but for those who consume it. If there were no art, we wouldn’t have been able to see the beauty in things. In other words, art helps us feel relaxed and forget about our problems.

FAQ of Essay on Art

Question 1: How can art help us?

Answer 1: Art can help us in a lot of ways. It can stimulate the release of dopamine in your bodies. This will in turn lower the feelings of depression and increase the feeling of confidence. Moreover, it makes us feel better about ourselves.

Question 2: What is the importance of art?

Answer 2: Art is essential as it covers all the developmental domains in child development. Moreover, it helps in physical development and enhancing gross and motor skills. For example, playing with dough can fine-tune your muscle control in your fingers.

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• v.100(2); Feb 2010

The Connection Between Art, Healing, and Public Health: A Review of Current Literature

H. L. Stuckey conducted the literature search and led the writing of the article. J. Nobel supervised the study and provided input into the introduction and conclusion.

This review explores the relationship between engagement with the creative arts and health outcomes, specifically the health effects of music engagement, visual arts therapy, movement-based creative expression, and expressive writing. Although there is evidence that art-based interventions are effective in reducing adverse physiological and psychological outcomes, the extent to which these interventions enhance health status is largely unknown. Our hope is to establish a foundation for continued investigation into this subject and to generate further interest in researching the complexities of engagement with the arts and health.

There are many more things, between heaven and earth, than are dreamt of in your philosophy, Horatio. —Shakespeare, Hamlet

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines holistic health as:

viewing man in his totality within a wide ecological spectrum, and … emphasizing the view that ill health or disease is brought about by an imbalance, or disequilibrium, of man in his total ecological system and not only by the causative agent and pathogenic evolution. 1 (p13)

This important perspective is echoed in the organization's 1946 preamble, wherein health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Implied in this definition is the tie to health outcomes or changes in health as a result of an action; in the present case, the connection between artistic engagement and the psychosocial and biological manifestations of that connection. More specifically, there is evidence that engagement with artistic activities, either as an observer of the creative efforts of others or as an initiator of one's own creative efforts, can enhance one's moods, emotions, and other psychological states as well as have a salient impact on important physiological parameters. 2

Chronic diseases are a nationwide burden, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death during the past century and the incidence of diabetes continuing to increase, now affecting more than 20 million Americans. 3 , 4 These diseases are associated with psychosocial difficulties such as depression 5 and chronic stress, contributing to negative cardiovascular outcomes. 6 , 7 Engagement with creative activities has the potential to contribute toward reducing stress and depression and can serve as a vehicle for alleviating the burden of chronic disease.

Over the past decade, health psychologists have cautiously begun looking at how the arts might be used in a variety of ways to heal emotional injuries, increase understanding of oneself and others, develop a capacity for self-reflection, reduce symptoms, and alter behaviors and thinking patterns. 8 Given the ubiquity of creative expression, as well as the relative ease of engagement, the extent to which psychological and physiological effects are sustainably health enhancing is an important area for public health investigation.

We reviewed research in the area of art and healing in an effort to determine the creative therapies most often employed. Four primary therapies emerged: music engagement, visual arts therapy, movement-based creative expression, and expressive writing. In these forms of expression, arts modalities and creative processes are used during intentional interventions to foster health. 9 By assessing the use of these processes in clinical and qualitative trials, one can determine how others have found benefit in tying the intricacies of artistic meaning to the complexities of health and wellness. Our hope is to expand effective exploration of these concerns.

We further believe that certain social and environmental factors are converging to thrust the central questions related to better understanding the relationship between art and health into the spotlight of expanded and vigorous attention. Globalization, bringing with it the need to embrace the broad cultural diversity around how personal and societal philosophies interoperate, will put a premium on finding more effective ways to create and share meaning and meaningfulness. This need for meaning and relevance in daily experience has long been recognized as one of the fundamental driving forces in artistic creation and engagement. 10

Similarly, expansion of individual and community health-enhancing efforts worldwide and an acceptance of the definition of health as being more than the absence of illness are spurring active investigation into the fundamentals of whole-person approaches to creating and sustaining health. Investigating the relationship between art and health offers some interesting ways to bridge these 2 important areas of inquiry and perhaps provide timely and important insights into each.

Art and health have been at the center of human interest from the beginning of recorded history. Despite that fact, and despite the invested effort and growth of knowledge and understanding in each arena, it is interesting that we often still find ourselves struggling with the “fundamentals” of art and health and their meaning in society. We make no attempt to clarify or resolve these fundamental issues. Instead, our intent is to summarize current knowledge about the connection between art and health, identify the most compelling next steps for investigation, and generate further interest in researching the complexities of art and health. Legitimate research questions include whether certain art-based therapies are more or less effective than others, whether the impact of therapy can be tied to other important variables and preconditions, and whether health benefits are sustained or short term. These issues deserve vigorous continued attention.

We conducted a review of current research to determine what is known about art and healing. The goals of our review, primarily covering the period 1995 through 2007, were to assess the state of peer-reviewed research on arts and healing, to provide a brief summary of both qualitative and quantitative research methods and results, and to describe the principal categories of creative expression that have emerged as effective means of enhancing health and wellness.

We focused on creative arts or expressive activities that were conducted primarily in North American and European countries and primarily with adults. We excluded studies focusing on complementary medicine practices. Although the literature in this review targeted adults (aged 18 years or older), many studies have focused on use of the arts with children in various contexts (e.g., sandplay, 11 dance-movement therapy, 12 dramatherapy, 13 , 14 music, 15 myth to facilitate storytelling and drawing activities, 16 wheelchair dance experiences, 17 mandalas, 18 art therapy during painful cancer procedures, 19 drama therapy, 20 and drawing. 21 ), and other reviews have focused on art therapy and children. 22 , 23 Also, we excluded articles about art education or art in professional career development. Finally, we did not evaluate the relationship of creative expression with major mental disorders such as schizophrenia or dementia, severe developmental disorders, end-of-life issues, the use of art with incarcerated populations, or the impact of religion on health outcomes.

We assessed how creative expression as a healing process has been used in both clinical and informal practice to promote wellness and healing. We searched the following databases and Internet sites, covering the recent period of 1995 through 2007: Medline (PubMed) for general health care literature; Proquest, specifically PsycINFO for psychology journals and CINAHL for nursing and allied health literature; the Cochrane Library for health care reviews; and the Web of Science database including the Science Citation Index, the Social Sciences Index, and the Arts and Humanities Index. Primary keywords included the arts and medical outcomes, the creative arts and healing or wellness, creative expression and healing or wellness, the arts and health care, creative expression and illness, music therapy, art therapy, and creative expression and humanities.

In the Cochrane Library evidence-based literature, the only studies that included references to art or creative expression were those associated with the treatment of schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses 24 , 25 ; therefore, we did not include any Cochrane database studies in our review. In addition to the sources just mentioned, specific journals were also targeted because of their connection to art and health: Health Education Research , Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , Health Education and Behavior , The Arts in Psychotherapy , and the Journal of Music Therapy .

We also searched literature from 1970 to 1995 on PubMed (MeSH art therapy database) to determine whether there were further foundational research articles, but we did not find any abstracts matching our criteria. However, we found 1 randomized controlled trial in PubMed, and we included that study. 26 Because music therapy was observed to be a predominant source of research in the arts and healing, the Journal of Music Therapy was also reviewed for foundational articles. As mentioned, 4 major areas of arts and health care emerged from our review: music engagement, visual arts therapy, movement-based creative expression, and expressive writing. Therefore, we focused on the potential of these creative areas to promote healing.

The idea that creative expression can make a powerful contribution to the healing process has been embraced in many different cultures. Throughout recorded history, people have used pictures, stories, dances, and chants as healing rituals. 27 there has been much philosophical and anecdotal discussion about the benefits of art and healing, but less empirical research exists in the literature. In fact, although arts therapy has been used clinically for more than a century 28 and has been recognized as a profession since 1991, 29 much of the published work is theoretical in nature, with little discussion of specific outcomes. 13 , 30 Only in recent years have systematic and controlled studies examined the therapeutic effects and benefits of the arts and healing. 31

Nevertheless, we have seen positive outcomes for the potential of using art to promote healing in our 4 primary areas of focus. This article is not meant to be a comprehensive review of all of the literature available (other authors have provided comprehensive overviews in areas such as music therapy 32 and expressive writing 33 ). Instead, it represents a sampling of the many potential benefits of art in enhancing health and wellness.

Music Engagement

Music is the most accessible and most researched medium of art and healing, and there has been a principal emphasis on the soothing capacity of music and its ability to offset overly technological approaches to care. 34 In particular, music therapy has been shown to decrease anxiety. 35 – 37 The pleasure shared by participants in the healing process through a music therapy program can help to restore emotional balance as well. 38 There is also evidence of the effectiveness of auditory stimulation, together with a strong suggestion that such stimulation abolishes pain, as a strategy for achieving control over pain. 39

In addition, it has been shown that music can calm neural activity in the brain, 40 which may lead to reductions in anxiety, and that it may help to restore effective functioning in the immune system partly via the actions of the amygdala and hypothalamus. As the activity levels of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala decrease in response to calming effects of music, there may be corresponding reductions in the signals being sent to other parts of the brain. Table 1 outlines the results of key studies we reviewed that focused on music engagement. 26 , 41 , 42

Details of the Music Engagement Studies Reviewed

In a lengthy review of the music therapy literature from 1983 to 1990, Aldridge noted that most of the research was concerned with passive music therapy and the playing of prerecorded music to patients to reduce stress and enhance well-being. 32 Overall, he concluded that although there is a broad literature covering applications of music therapy, there is a general absence of valid clinical research from which substantive conclusions can be drawn. In a later review, Gregory examined the Journal of Music Therapy from 1964 through 1999 to determine whether study methodologies included behavioral research designs (e.g., reversal, multiple baseline). 43 Of the 607 articles published in that journal during the study time period, 96 (15.8%) included a behavioral research design.

A widely researched phenomenon is the use of music in the control of chronic cancer pain. 32 Five benefits of using music therapy with cancer patients have been reported in the literature: increases in hospital patients' sense of control, promotion of wellness and the healthy aspects of patients' lives, reductions in pain 44 and increases in immunity, decreases in anxiety, and reductions in psychological and physical symptoms. 45 In several clinical studies examining the effects of music and music therapy on healing and wellness, music has been found to be a form of relaxation and anxiety reduction. 41 , 42 , 46 – 50

In a study of patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction, Guzzetta found that relaxation and music therapy were effective in reducing stress. 26 In that investigation, 80 patients were randomly assigned to a relaxation, music therapy, or control group. The relaxation and music therapy groups participated in 3 sessions over a 2-day period. Stress was evaluated via apical heart rates, peripheral temperatures, cardiac complications, and qualitative patient evaluative data. Results demonstrated that apical heart rates were lower and peripheral temperatures were higher in the relaxation and music therapy groups than in the control group.

Another area of research is the relationship between coronary heart disease and reductions in anxiety states. 51 – 53 In 1 study, music was introduced into the private hospital rooms of 45 patients with myocardial infarction. 41 A Holter monitor was attached to each participant, baseline physiological values were obtained, and participants were asked to complete the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. After listening to relaxing music for 20 minutes, participants exhibited significant reductions in heart rate, respiratory rate, myocardial oxygen demand, and, in particular, anxiety, both immediately after and 1 hour after the intervention.

In their study, Burns et al. 42 investigated the relationship of music therapy with positive emotions and immune system responses. They assessed the therapeutic effects on patients of listening to music, both live and recorded, while in a relaxed state, as well as the effects of active involvement in music improvisation. Twenty-nine patients participating in a residential 1-week course completed the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Checklist, and data were collected on cortisol levels. Results showed increases in well-being and relaxation and decreases in tension during the listening experience, increases in well-being and decreases in tension during the improvisation experience, and decreases in serum cortisol levels during both experiences.

An additional anxiety study 54 sought to investigate the effects of group music therapy combined with other creative art methods on self-reported levels of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem among women who had experienced intimate partner violence. The group met for 6 sessions, each 1 to 1.5 hours in duration, over a period of 3 months. Visual analog scales were used to assess anxiety, depression, and self-esteem; the goals of the group were to increase self-esteem and self-expression, decrease anxiety and depression, and increase social support. Significant decreases in depression and marginally significant decreases in anxiety were observed among the study's 7 participants. No significant effects were found for self-esteem. Most participants reported that all of interventions were helpful and rated the group therapy as a positive experience. These findings suggest that active music therapy in a group context may be effective in improving mood among women recovering from intimate partner violence.

Visual Arts

Art helps people express experiences that are too difficult to put into words, such as a diagnosis of cancer. Some people with cancer explore the meanings of past, present, and future during art therapy, thereby integrating cancer into their life story and giving it meaning. 55 Case studies are a typical methodology focusing on the use of the arts in meaning making. For example, McMurray and Schwartz-Mirman 56 and Reynolds and Prior 57 conducted case studies in an attempt to understand why some people turn to making visual art after a cancer diagnosis and how artistic self-expression might contribute to maintenance or reconstruction of a positive identity. Table 2 summarizes the use of art therapies in the healing process. 57 – 63

Details of the Visual Arts Studies Reviewed

Guillemin, one of the first to use drawings in an effort to understand experiences of health and illness, examined how 32 middle-aged women with heart disease understood their condition. 64 After an individual interview, each participant was asked to “draw” her heart disease. The drawings were grouped into 3 themes: the heart at the center, the heart in the lived body, and heart disease as a social illness. Use of color, spatial organization, and composition were explored. The drawings were considered as both visual products of the women's knowledge about heart disease and processes of embodied knowledge production. It was concluded that having individuals draw how they visualized their condition was an insightful method with which to explore understandings of illness.

Art can be a refuge from the intense emotions associated with illness. 65 There are no limits to the imagination in finding creative ways of expressing grief. In particular, molding clay can be a powerful way to help people express these feelings through tactile involvement at a somatic level, as well as to facilitate verbal communication and cathartic release and reveal unconscious materials and symbols that cannot be expressed through words. 66

Women taking part in a qualitative study focusing on cancer described ongoing cancer-related difficulties such as fear for the future, pain, sleeplessness, role loss, activity restriction, reduced self-confidence, and altered social relationships. 63 Engaging in different types of visual art (textiles, card making, collage, pottery, watercolor, acrylics) helped these women in 4 major ways. First, it helped them focus on positive life experiences, relieving their ongoing preoccupation with cancer. Second, it enhanced their self-worth and identity by providing them with opportunities to demonstrate continuity, challenge, and achievement. Third, it enabled them to maintain a social identity that resisted being defined by cancer. Finally, it allowed them to express their feelings in a symbolic manner, especially during chemotherapy.

In another study, supportive care providers responding to a survey described the healing benefits of music and art therapy in hospital settings, and these benefits seemed to be clustered around notions of exploration, expression, release, and the healing process. 67 In an additional study conducted at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Staricoff compared the use and nonuse of an art intervention in different units of the hospital. 68 The groups that received the intervention were significantly more likely than were those that did not to have improved clinical outcomes, including better vital signs, diminished cortisol related to stress, and less medication needed to induce sleep.

There is also evidence that use of art and music reduces hospital stays, with studies showing earlier discharges among patients taking part in visual and performing arts interventions than among those not doing so. 69 , 70 In 1 study, surgery or critical care patients who participated in guided imagery or had a picture of a landscape on their wall had a decreased need of narcotic pain medication relative to their counterparts and left the hospital earlier. 71 , 72 Evaluations of art projects can link the benefits of creative expression to healing and greater wellness.

Two other visual arts studies have focused on the experience of women with cancer. 58 , 73 In a quantitative trial of mindfulness art therapy targeted toward women with cancer, Monti et al. 73 found that those who engaged in art making demonstrated statistically significant decreases in symptoms of physical and emotional distress during treatment. In addition to the introduction of self-care through guided imagery, the art-making therapy involved the women drawing complete pictures of themselves and engaging in yoga and meditation. The relaxation and symptom reduction produced by creative expression opened pathways to emotional healing.

The psychological effects of breast cancer, in particular, may include adjustment disorders, depression, and anxiety, and these symptoms in turn may generate feelings of fear, anger, guilt, and emotional repression. In their study, Puig et al. 58 explored the efficacy of a complementary creative arts therapy intervention with respect to enhancing emotional expression, spirituality, and psychological well-being among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. This pretest–posttest study included 4 individual therapy sessions conducted over a 4-week period, with each hour-long session comprising guided, semistructured, creative arts therapy exercises involving drawing implements. Thirty-nine women with stage 1 or stage 2 breast cancer were randomly assigned to an experimental group that took part in an individual creative arts therapy intervention or to a delayed treatment control group.

Analyses of covariance were used to analyze the results, which indicated that the creative arts therapy intervention was not effective in enhancing the expression of emotions or the participants' level of spirituality. 58 However, participation in the intervention enhanced experimental group participants' psychological well-being by decreasing their negative emotions and enhancing their positive emotions.

Medical professionals are beginning to recognize the role that creative arts play in the healing process; increasingly, arts in medicine programs are emerging throughout the United States and worldwide. 74 With the success of the University of Florida's general arts in medicine program, a similar set of activities was launched in the long-term dialysis unit with the goal of assessing their effects. 59 Long-term hemodialysis is associated with impaired quality of life and depression, which are thought to worsen compliance with treatment regimens. At baseline and 6 months, the study authors administered the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to 46 patients and assessed dialysis times, interdialytic weight gain, and predialysis laboratory results. 75

They also examined relationships between these variables and participation in the arts in medicine program. The intervention, led by artists, included artwork, crocheting, crafts, seasonal displays, poetry, and playing of musical instruments. At 6 months, the participating patients, nurses, technicians, and physicians reported that the program had a positive impact on the unit. Paired comparisons with baseline data showed significant improvements in SF-36 symptom scores (e.g., weight gain, serum carbon dioxide content, phosphate levels) and a trend toward reduced levels of depression.

In addition, regression analyses showed that high levels of program participation correlated with improved SF-36 social functioning, bodily pain, and physical role functioning scores, as well as a trend toward greater albumin levels, but also higher phosphate and lower calcium levels. In conclusion, participation in an arts-in-medicine program was related to improved quality-of-life measures, and there were encouraging trends in terms of improvements in depression and certain laboratory and hemodialysis parameters.

Walsh et al. conducted a pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study to test the efficacy of a creative arts intervention with 40 family caregivers of patients with cancer. 60 Participation in the creative arts intervention was the independent variable, and stress, anxiety, and emotions were the dependent variables. The 6-month study was implemented at a regional cancer treatment center. The creative arts intervention consisted of several creative arts activities designed for bedside delivery. Participants completed the Mini-Profile of Mood States (Mini-POMS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (as a measure of negative and positive affect). The creative arts intervention promoted short-term well-being in this sample of family caregivers. Caregivers reported significantly reduced stress, decreased anxiety, and increased positive emotions after taking part in the intervention. They also reported increases in positive communications with cancer patients and health care providers.

In another study, 61 the specific aim was to determine the effects of a 1-hour art therapy session on pain and other symptoms common to adult cancer inpatients. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index were used to quantify symptoms, and the 50 patients taking part were asked open-ended questions to evaluate their perceptions of the experience. There were statistically significant reductions in 8 of the 9 symptoms measured by the Edmonton scale, including the global distress score, as well as significant improvements in most of the domains measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index. Patients overwhelmingly expressed comfort with the process and a desire to continue with therapy. This study provides initial evidence of the efficacy of art therapy in reducing a broad spectrum of symptoms among cancer inpatients.

Movement-Based Creative Expression

A growing interest in dance and movement has accompanied recognition of the mind and body benefits of motor activity. 76 Movement-based creative expression focuses on nonverbal, primarily physical, forms of expression as psychotherapeutic or healing tools. Through the movement of mind and body in a creative way, stress and anxiety can be relieved, and other health benefits can be achieved as well. Table 3 highlights some of the research conducted in the area of movement-based creative expression and dance therapy to promote well-being. 77 – 80

Details of the Movement-Based Creative Expression Studies Reviewed

Picard expanded Newman's theory of expanding consciousness to include creative movement as a mode of expression. 80 She conducted 2 in-depth interviews and a single creative movement group experience with each of 17 midlife women. The results demonstrated expanding consciousness at midlife, with patterns of meaning identified in relationships with others, the self, and spirit as well as challenges associated with loss, illness, and threats to relationships. The consciousness activities identified were choosing, balancing, accepting, and letting go, and creative movement was shown to support self-awareness.

Sandel et al. conducted pilot research at 2 cancer centers in Connecticut to determine the effects of a dance and movement program on quality of life, shoulder function, and body image among breast cancer survivors treated within the preceding 5 years. 79 Thirty-five women completed this randomized controlled trial, which included a 12-week intervention focusing on healing through movement and dance. Results showed significant quality of life improvements in the intervention group. Shoulder range of motion increased, as did body image, at 13 weeks. By addressing posttreatment patients' physical and emotional needs, this program substantially enhanced their quality of life.

A unique study involving the use of theater investigated the benefits of a short-term intervention for adults aged 60 to 86 years (n = 124) that targeted cognitive functioning and quality of life issues important for independent living. 78 The theater component consisted of demanding exercises designed to have participants experience the essence of acting (i.e., to become engrossed in the drama). In the visual arts component, participants speculated on the intention of the art or commented on an ambiguous image. Participants were grouped into 1 of 3 study conditions: theater arts (primary intervention), visual arts (non-content-specific comparison group), or a no-treatment control group.

After 4 weeks of instruction, those given theater training exhibited significantly greater gains than members of the no-treatment control group on both cognitive and psychological well-being measures, specifically word and listening recall, problem solving, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. A comparison of theater and visual arts training showed fewer benefits in fewer areas for visual arts.

In a different type of movement expression, tai chi, a semimeditative exercise derived from martial arts, has been gaining popularity as an intervention for reducing falls in older adults and improving health status. One study, 77 conducted among older adults who were becoming frail, attempted to determine whether intense tai chi exercise could improve perceived health status and self-rated health more than wellness education. The participants were 269 women aged 70 years or older who were recruited from 20 congregate independent senior living facilities.

In this 48-week randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive either tai chi or wellness education. Participants were interviewed regarding their perceived health status and self-rated health before randomization and at 1 year. Perceived health status was measured with the Sickness Impact Profile. Relative to the wellness education group, the tai chi group exhibited significant improvements in physical functioning and ambulation and borderline significant improvements in the Sickness Impact Profile body care and movement category. Self-rated health status did not change in either group. These findings suggest that older women who are becoming frail demonstrate perceived health status benefits, most notably in ambulation, after taking part in intensive tai chi exercises.

Expressive Writing

Studies have shown that, relative to control group participants, individuals who have written about their own traumatic experiences exhibit statistically significant improvements in various measures of physical health, reductions in visits to physicians, 81 and better immune system functioning. 82 Writing increases health and wellness in varied ways, as shown in the expressive writing studies outlined in Table 4 . 83 – 87

Details of the Expressive Writing Studies Reviewed

Pennebaker 88 – 90 is the leading researcher on the power of writing and journaling for healing purposes. 27 According to Pennebaker, although the expressive writing paradigm has generally produced positive results, no single theory or theoretical perspective adequately explains how or why. 88 This situation can be attributed to the fact that “expressive writing occurs on multiple levels—cognitive, emotional, social and biological—making a single explanatory theory unlikely.” 88 (p138) However, there is little doubt that writing has positive consequences, and self-report studies suggest that writing about upsetting experiences produces long-term improvements in mood and health. 89

In one exercise, Pennebaker 89 had students write about their deepest thoughts and feelings on an important emotional issue, with the only rule being that “once you begin writing, continue to do so until your [15- to 30-minute] time is up.” 89 (p162) Dozens of replications of these types of studies have demonstrated that emotional writing can influence frequency of physician visits, immune function, stress hormones, blood pressure, and a number of social, academic, and cognitive variables. These effects have been shown to hold across cultures, age groups, and diverse samples. 91 , 92

Expressive writing can improve control over pain, depressed mood, and pain severity, as can be seen in Table 4 . For example, in a pair of randomized controlled trials, 83 , 84 patients were assigned to write about either emotional or nonemotional topics. In their 9-week study, Graham et al. 84 divided 102 chronic pain center outpatients into an anger-expression group (n = 51) and a control group (n = 51). Results showed greater improvements in control over pain and depressed mood, and marginally greater improvements in pain severity, in the anger-expression group than in the control group. These findings suggest that expressing anger may be helpful for individuals suffering from chronic pain, particularly if it leads to meaning making.

In their study, Petrie et al. 83 had 37 HIV-infected patients write 30 minutes per day for 4 days. CD4+ lymphocyte counts and HIV viral loads were measured at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the writing exercise. Participants who engaged in emotional writing rated their essays as more personal, valuable, and emotional than did control group participants. HIV viral loads dropped immediately after the intervention in the experimental group and increased slightly in the control group. The CD4+ lymphocyte counts of the emotional writing group gradually and continuously increased during the 6-month follow-up, whereas the CD4+ lymphocyte counts of the control writing group increased slightly from baseline levels and then remained stable. On the basis of the participants' reports of the value of writing and the study's preliminary laboratory findings, the results suggest that emotional writing may be beneficial for patients with HIV. There is evidence, however, that the benefits of writing may not be maintained over time. 86 , 87

Another form of expressive writing, poetry, has long played a role in the art of healing. 93 Several authors 94 – 96 have described the use of poetry to help people find their voice and gain access to the wisdom they already have but cannot experience because they cannot find the words in ordinary language. According to Carroll:

Our voices are saturated with who we are, embodied in the rhythms, tonal variations, associations, images and other somato-sensory metaphors in addition to the content meaning of the words. Our voices are embodiments of ourselves, whether written or spoken. It is in times of extremity that we long to find words or hear another human voice letting us know we are not alone. 94 (p164)

Finding one's voice via poetic means can be a healing process because it opens up the opportunity for self-expression not otherwise felt through everyday words. One British hospital introduced poetry into the culture of the hospital so that patients could experience other forms of literary work 97 and perhaps experience healing through the short snippets of expressive words and emotions to which they could relate.

Expressive writing through journaling is another way to access the unconscious self. Journal writing has been linked to creativity, spiritual awareness, and expansion of the self. 98 , 99 In 2 qualitative studies, 100 , 101 journal writing helped participants identify and work though feelings, improve relationships, and learn new things about themselves.

In an in-depth qualitative study conducted at Boston University, Grossman et al. 101 explored how 16 resilient male survivors of serious childhood sexual abuse, representing a range of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds, made meaning from their abuse experiences. Three main types of meaning-making styles were identified in the narratives: meaning making through action, use of cognitive strategies, and spirituality. Meaning making through action included helping others and using creative expression to describe and process the abuse. Although not all of the men used creativity to find healing, 1 of the participants reflected on how he used writing, which was crucial to his survival. He reported that he would write both fiction and nonfiction to “go inside” and “be characters. Create characters. Fantasize. That was the safe space.” 101 (p438)

In a particularly unique study combining several visual, music, movement, and expressive writing modalities, Garland et al. 102 examined the positive outcomes of a pair of psychosocial interventions aimed at cancer patients, mindfulness and healing arts, with respect to posttraumatic growth, spiritual well-being, stress, and mood. 102 Garland et al. focused on 2 groups of cancer patients: those involved in mindfulness-based stress reduction (15 hours of class discussion, meditation, and yoga sessions) and those involved with movement to music, journaling, creative writing, and drawing (12 hours of self-exploration and healing activities) hours. Participants in both groups improved significantly over time in terms of overall posttraumatic growth, but participants in the mindfulness therapy group, in particular, showed improvement on measures of anxiety, anger, overall stress symptoms, mood disturbance, and spirituality. Benefit finding was the best predictor of long-term adjustment to chronic illness.

In all 4 areas of creative artistic expression reviewed here, there are clear indications that artistic engagement has significantly positive effects on health. There are, however, limitations to many of the studies included in our review, and sweeping generalizations as to what they may mean in aggregate cannot be made. We also recognize that our sample of studies is not exhaustive, and other research has been added to the literature since our review was conducted.

In addition, as a result of the wide range of studies examining the relationship between multiple varieties of art-related interventions and a similarly large group of physiological and behavioral outcomes, comparisons both between intervention types and within certain disease states or conditions are challenging. Moreover, many of the studies were observational in nature and at best were limited to a preintervention and postintervention comparison within the treated groups, with limited or no control groups available for comparison. Also, many of the interventions were both small in size and launched in groups that were “convenience samples” of available participants, introducing a number of potential confounding factors such as responder bias as well as limiting the generalizability of the findings to other populations.

More randomized controlled trials involving consistency in terms of the measurements used would increase the likelihood that patterns of health improvement associated with art can be demonstrated. In the studies reviewed here alone, stress and psychological outcomes were assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index, the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, the Mini-POMS, and the Beck Depression Inventory, among other instruments. Also, many of these studies were short term, and thus longitudinal follow-ups are needed to secure additional data. 58

With respect to research methodology, the qualitative data focused on the meaning-making process of the arts and healing, and examples were provided of how art-based programs can contribute to wellness. Qualitative studies that report individual and unique results through rich descriptions and data could complement the use of quantitative methods. Both are needed to understand creative engagement and health effects among generalized populations with unique individual differences.

Several issues should be considered in future studies seeking to add to the insights available from the investigations reviewed here. For example, researchers should make better attempts to establish meaningful control groups, should attempt to quantify interventions and outcome variables at higher levels of standardization and precision to allow for more cross-study comparison, should expand study populations to allow exploration of the effects of interventions in groups with diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and should plan for longer term follow-ups to assess the sustainability of outcomes over time.

Finally, the majority of the research was conducted within hospital rather than community settings. Given our nation's ideal of individuality, the social support that can be derived from one's community is an important but much ignored area of research. Community leaders can partner with researchers to create a health care agenda that can have an impact on not only those who are ill in hospitals but those in the community who want to experience greater wellness. Traditionally, scientists involved with statistics have not partnered with those in the arts community, but in future studies, teams with solid research methodology experts (i.e., biostatisticians), clinical experts, and those with artistic expertise in the community should be created to form an effective triad of experts.

Despite methodological and other limitations, the studies included in our review appear to indicate that creative engagement can decrease anxiety, stress, and mood disturbances. It is not unreasonable to assume that future studies involving better methodology and more consistent assessment of outcomes will demonstrate the ability of creative engagement to improve psychological and physical well-being and quality of life. As can be seen from our analysis, it is likely that creative engagement contributes to many aspects of physiological and psychological conditions typically associated with improved health status.

Use of the arts in healing does not contradict the medical view in bringing emotional, somatic, artistic, and spiritual dimensions to learning. Rather, it complements the biomedical view by focusing on not only sickness and symptoms themselves but the holistic nature of the person. 103 When people are invited to work with creative and artistic processes that affect more than their identity with illness, they are more able to “create congruence between their affective states and their conceptual sense making.” 104 (p53) Through creativity and imagination, we find our identity and our reservoir of healing. The more we understand the relationship between creative expression and healing, the more we will discover the healing power of the arts.

Acknowledgments

We recognize the Foundation for Art and Healing for its financial support and strong commitment to improving research on the use of creative expression and wellness for the benefit of individuals and communities.

Human Participant Protection

No protocol approval was needed for this study.

Music and art in school essay

name_here - / 37   May 18, 2010   #2 In conclusion, undoubtedly, this is , undoubtedly the era of computer and science. However , every individual is independent (awkward word choice) to make their career choice. Therefore, schools must be flexible enough to provide all subjects, including music, drama and arts. Otherwise many youngsters will be forced to study other subjects, despite of their own choice their preference . Consequently, a country may not be able to produce great artists, musicians, dancers and actors. Hi prince303, I hope this helps. Overall, this is a good essay and you give good, reasonable support for your thesis. However, remember not to forget articles, and whenever you list three things, such as "the cat, the dog , and the mouse..." don't forget that there should be a comma after the dog or whatever word is in its place. Finally, I may be wrong, but it seems like you are using a thesaurus for some words such as "independent, conspicuous, and barricade." If you are, don't use words from a thesaurus unless you are comfortable using the word normally, so that it does not lead to awkward word choices.

OP prince303 5 / 10   May 19, 2010   #3 Thank you so much name_here. I really appreciate your effort and will try to rectify my mistakes. take care and god bless.

OP prince303 5 / 10   May 20, 2010   #5 thanks a lot. Can u check this conclusion? In conclusion, undoubtedly, this is the era of computer and science. However, every individual should be given the freedom and opportunity to make their career choice. Otherwise, many youngsters will be forced to study subjects that are not their cup of tea.Therefore, schools must be flexible enough to offer all subjects, including music, drama and arts. By doing so, we can produce versatile students who can shine at both sciences and arts.

The Role of Art and Music Therapies in Mental Health and Beyond

Prescribing art therapy , yoga, and music lessons is truly a breakthrough for mental health treatment . I want to be completely clear here, this is a breakthrough, but not a breakthrough therapy per se. It is a huge step forward, on the level of readjusting our mental health system, it is really a systems course correction at the root of it. Art therapy, music, etc., all are tested modalities for improving mental health conditions; almost all of them. For chronic, highly disordered and severely dysfunctional patients, this is not a miracle cure. These are, at best, supplementary, tandem, and co-functioning treatment methods to mitigate the severity and intensity of symptoms.

I am not knocking or trying to minimise the importance of this breakthrough. These are not only important modalities in and of themselves, but also support the creativity , independence, and freedom of patients to not only choose their own method of care but also nourish their capacity to carry on treatment more autonomously without being under direct supervision . 

Even more importantly, the system is broken, in total if not complete disarray, and needs to be revised urgently if we are to advance treatment at the speed it requires to meet the mental health crisis where it’s at. These new prescribed modalities will not only serve to add ‘person-centredness’ to the paradigm but also new flexibility within the limits of the system.

Even highly disordered patients are extremely creative during their darkest hour. Art therapy, music, and all of these modalities which draw upon creativity and promote purposeful free-flowing ideas are as self-soothing as they are productive in reducing the negative impact of active symptoms.

I can tell you that I have benefited from a music or art group on an inpatient unit in the hospital many times. Some of my fondest memories from experiencing first-episode psychosis in the hospital were singing and dancing to Stevie Nicks , at my request, when I could barely speak from word salad symptoms and was just a few moments away from being transferred to a higher level of inpatient care for unresolved psychosis. But I danced and laughed like the floor was on fire.

Art, music, yoga, all of these modalities are terribly inaccessible to most patients living off state benefits, who are consigned to a life shut-in and isolated in their homes. Aside from ‘getting out more’, these patients simply don’t have the resources to pay for and maintain a connection to art therapists and other more non-traditional treatment in the community. Unless you are connected to a special service or have the best insurance, these modalities simply aren’t an option for most service users and people with a severe mental health condition.

I truly applaud this shift in the systems paradigm that for so long was all about medication and traditional psychotherapy. We really need more of this in countries supposedly promoting better mental health treatment.

I also want to suggest that therapists who practice traditional talk therapy , straight CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) can continue to add new self-soothing and proven techniques to their toolkit. I am always encouraging my student therapists to do artwork, let their children dance in therapy. Yes, you read this right, just dance, when the time is right and fits the course of treatment.

We need to get out of this traditional black and white thinking of what therapy is and is not . Therapy is what people need in the moment, to feel and behave in a manner that better suits their goals, chosen lifestyle, and needs. So with this said, why not let a child who is struggling to adjust to a new foster parent, dance in session when he can’t play at home. Sure, not for every session and for the duration of every patient contact, but sometimes, when it will benefit the patient, you just have to do it. 

Yes, this is truly a breakthrough in thinking among us practitioners and the higher-ups in our discipline who say what’s what in mental health treatment. It signals that we need to be dynamic, and shift our thinking as practitioners, peers, and anyone charged with providing therapeutic intervention . It is high time we see more of it, from government-sponsored care and any system which is charged with the care of people with a psychiatric disability, or who needs therapeutic intervention to find relief from whatever problem in their life is causing them distress.

Max E. Guttman, LCSW  is a psychotherapist and owner of Recovery Now, a mental health private practice in New York City.

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Guest Essay

My Mother’s Favorite Music Taught Me How to Live Courageously

By Maria Garcia

Ms. Garcia is the creator and host of the Juan Gabriel podcast “My Divo.”

In the thick of the pandemic I moved back to El Paso, Texas, on the U.S.-Mexico border, where I’d been raised, for what I thought would be a temporary stay. But then the desert whispered. After years away, my body hungered for the quiet wisdom of this land.

I’d changed since I’d left. In New York and Boston, I had lived openly as a queer woman. I found myself being more discreet around my family in El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, where I was born. There are plenty of queer people living full, open lives here. But none of them are in my family.

As soon as Covid restrictions eased, I began crossing the border into Ciudad Juárez by foot to sing karaoke with my queer friends whenever I needed release. My favorite songs to sing were those by the iconic Mexican showman Juan Gabriel. I loved reveling in my queerness and my culture all at once. I longed for that liberation around my family.

Music has the power to help us understand ourselves. Juan Gabriel’s tender femininity was a radical quality in a Mexico entrenched in machismo and homophobia. He managed to embody his Mexican roots while also exuding queerness — two ideas that were for so long at odds in our culture.

I inherited my love for Juanga, as he was affectionately called, from my mother. He was her first crush and her ultimate hometown hero. On those nights in Juárez when I’d belt out his songs the question would surface: If my Mexican mother could accept him as he was, could she accept me, too?

When I explain Juan Gabriel to American friends, I tell them to imagine an artist as revolutionary, innovative and singular as Prince and as peacockish, prolific (he composed more than 1,800 songs!) and canonized as Elton John. Someone once told me no one has made Latin Americans cry, laugh and dance more.

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