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EndNote Guide / APA Referencing Guide

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Which fields are required for dissertation & thesis references in EndNote?

Important instructions:

• Capitalise the first word in the title and for a two-part title also capitalise the first word of the second part.  Proper nouns in the title require the first letter to be capitalised (e.g. The making of a journalist: The New Zealand way).
• If there is a publication number, enter this number in the Document Number field.
• Enter the name of the granting institution in the University field.
• Enter the name of the repository or database in the Name of Database field. 

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Combining thesis chapters

How to combine thesis chapters.

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• EndNote and combining chapters using Word

Many students who are writing a thesis keep each chapter as a separate Word document with

EndNote creating a bibliography in each document. The steps below detail how to create a single

document and bibliography from separate chapter documents.

Step 1. Copy each chapter

Make a copy of each chapter, e.g. chapter1-copy.doc; chapter2-copy.doc. You will work with

these copies. If something goes wrong, you can return to your original documents and start again.

Step 2. Unformat citations

If you have been using EndNote's instant formatting, your references will already be formatted,

for example (Smith, 1999), and you will have a bibliography at the end of each chapter.

Open each document (chapter1-copy.doc, etc.) in Word, and from the EndNote menu in Word

select the Convert Citations and Bibliography >>> Convert to Unformatted Citations command.

(In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Unformat Citations command.) This will remove the

bibliography at the end of each chapter and change the references in the text into their

unformatted form, for example {Smith, 1999 #13}. Save these changes.

Step 3. Combine the chapters

Open chapter1-copy.doc in Word. Then open chapter2-copy.doc and select the whole document

(Ctrl+A), copy it and paste it at the end of chapter1-copy.doc.

Continue copying and pasting each chapter at the end of chapter1-copy.doc, until the whole thesis

is in one document.

Rename chapter1-copy.doc to thesis-master.doc. This is the master copy of your thesis, and any

subsequent changes should be made to this document. Save this document.

Step 4. Format citations in the thesis

Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations

and Bibliography command. (In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Format Bibliography

command.) EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single

bibliography at the end of the thesis. Save the changes.

Note: Unformatting the citations (at Step 2 above) disables the instant formatting in Word. If you

prefer to work with instant formatting, go to the Bibliography Preferences by clicking on the

small arrow at the very bottom of the Bibliography group on the EndNote menu in Word, and

then select the Instant Formatting tab and click on the Turn On button. (In earlier versions of

EndNote, access the Instant Formatting tab via the Format Bibliography command.)

Step 5. Remove field codes (Final step before submitting thesis)

Your thesis-master.doc contains hidden field codes which link it to EndNote. The final step before submitting your thesis is to  is to

create a copy which is not linked to EndNote. From the EndNote menu in Word select the

Convert Citations and Bibliography>Convert to Plain Text command. (In earlier versions of

EndNote, use the Remove Field Codes command.)

This will create a copy of your thesis which is no longer linked to EndNote. Save this copy as

thesis-unlinked.doc. This is the copy which you should submit. This is not your master copy.

Any changes must be made to thesis-master.doc.

If you need to make changes to your thesis, make them in thesis-master.doc and then use the

Remove Field Codes command to make a new copy of thesis-unlinked.doc.

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Best Practices for Document Management

Importing from databases.

Because a dissertation or thesis is an extended project, and because of the anticipated timeline and number of references, certain methods of working with the computer files are recommended that will avoid common frustrations with the EndNote program as the document grows and the final copy is produced:

1.  Whenever an entry is made in the EndNote Library, verify immediately that the formatting is correct for the style that is in use (i.e. APA, Turabian). The Bibliography/Reference list entry can be checked using the Preview tab. Any changes that may be required should be made immediately. Edit the Output Styles for non-standard resources as soon as possible, and do not procrastinate. Waiting until when the final copy is needed is inviting major frustration.

2. Use only one EndNote library file for the entire dissertation. Check routinely for duplicates, and carefully avoid using duplicate entries of the same source in the dissertation/thesis.

3. The working copy of the dissertation/thesis and the EndNote library should be kept in the same folder at all times. All new work on the document or in the library should use these exclusively. Backup copies can and should be routinely stored elsewhere, but all new work should be continued using the original document and library files.

4. Unless specifically requested, all readers and editors should work on a Plain Text copy of the dissertation. This retains all Word processor formatting, but the embedded codes that link the EndNote library are removed. This avoids any software conflicts that might get in the way of the reader/editor. It also avoids conflicts between the working EndNote Library and the travelling EndNote library associated with the document, such as become evident when readers attempt to edit or change a reference.

EndNote is a tool that can improve efficiency in managing bibliography and incorporating reference styles in a document. But it is not a substitute for the author's competence in using it effectively and correctly.

Importing bibliographic details from databases is an efficient method of entering references into the EndNote library.

1. The overall accuracy of the bibliographic details varies from database to database. Imported citation entries must always be verified.

•  Importing citations from periodical databases such as those from Ebsco, ProQuest and JSTOR may be reasonably reliable, but doing this from other databses such as Google Scholar need careful scrutiny (when Google Scholar harvests the bibliographic details from a major publisher, it will probably be fine; but if the bibliographic details are harvested from an institutional repository, a government website, a library catalog, etc., interesting irregularities are common). This category of import must be corrected.
•  All records imported from a library database, whether JeWeL, MelCat, or WorldCat, will be entered with the Reference Type of book as default, even though it might be an edited book, e-book, dissertation, or audio-visual item. This category of import must be corrected.

2. Styles have differing requirements.The bibliographic details that are imported into EndNote do not necessarily reflect the style in use, so some elements may not be reflected. This category of import must be corrected. For example,

•    Turabian uses headline style for titles, APA uses a modified sentence style.
•    Turabian uses the full author name, APA uses last name with initials. 
•    Turabian uses series titles, APA does not.

GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT

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EndNote & EndNote Web

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A common request from graduate students who are writing their thesis or dissertation is for instructions on how to use EndNote and Cite While You Write to create a "journal-style" bibliography - one where each chapter of the document has its own bibliography rather than the document as a whole having one big one at the end. There are different ways to accomplish this that depend on whether you are using the full EndNote software or EndNote Web.

EndNote Software

The full EndNote software can leverage the document structure tools within Microsoft Word itself to accomplish this.

The first thing to do is to make sure that you have created a new Section for each segment of your document that you wish to have its own bibliography. You do this by placing the cursor where you wish the current section to end, then from the Layout tab select the Breaks dropdown and select the Section break type that matches your preference.

The second required element is simply to be using a citation style in Cite While You Write that uses these section breaks. If the one you've already selected is set to do so and you've already inserted the citations into your paper, the above step should have resulted in the new bibliographies automatically. If you're unsure, it's an easy thing to check in EndNote itself.

If you're using EndNote 20 or later, click in the Tools menu and then go to Output Styles and click on Open Style Manager. If you're using EndNote X9 or earlier, you start in the Edit menu instead of Tools.

From there, find the style that you're interested in using and double click (or click once to select it and then click the Edit button). In the window this opens, browse into the Sections area.

From there you can select the option that matches how you wish to have Cite While You Write manage the document sections. That is, you can have one bibliography at the end, a new bibliography for each section (with or without continuous numbering throughout the document), or both.

EndNote Web

Unfortunately, the free web-based version of EndNote cannot support multiple bibliographies, even if the citation style selected in Cite While You Write is configured to do so. As such, we need to use a work-around of one form or another. All of which simply require that you save each "section" of your final document as its own Word file while you're working and simply use Cite While You Write normally within each document.

Most of this process from here on will assume that you've completed your writing and are simply preparing the final document.

You will want to make sure that all documents have used the same citation style in Cite While You Write so that everything is consistent and that the bibliographies are complete. Additionally, they should be titled such that alphabetical ordering has them in the correct sequence - the methods we'll be using to combine them later default to file name order.

Now that you have your collection of separate files for your various chapters, there are two main methods to combine them: using Word itself or Adobe Acrobat. Both programs have methods of building a new file from a series of existing ones.

Instructions for Microsoft Word

It is strongly advised that you save a backup copy of all of your files at this point . We are about to make one-way transformations that cannot be undone, so having a backup is important.

In each document, in the EndNote tab there is a drop-down menu for Convert Citations and Bibliography. Click into that and then on Convert to Plain Text and save the new document separately so that you do not overwrite the old version. This command strips out all of the internal "hooks" in the document that EndNote and Cite While You Write use to edit your document automatically.

Once that is done for all sections, open a new blank document and click into the Insert menu. One option available is for Object with a sub-option of Text From File.

The window this opens allows you to select all of the files to be combined into a single Word Document. In my testing, this appears to be a one-time event so editing the base documents does not edit the final one so this step will need to be repeated if you do make any edits to the base documents. You may find that you need to add page breaks between your sections, but because we're still within a Word context you can still use automated page numbering.

Because we stripped out all of the EndNote "hooks" in the previous step, you cannot edit the imported text using Cite While You Write. If we had not done so, you could still edit the citations here, but any editing "event" that triggers CWYW to update the citations and bibliography will simply create an updated, full-document bibliography at the end of the file and will not update any internal bibliographies. It's simpler and less likely to cause problems if you strip out that functionality ahead of time.

Instructions for Adobe Acrobat

You will likely want to edit the page numbering of every file in turn so that they begin on the page following the end of the previous file. You can do this in Word by clicking into the Header/Footer to bring up the appropriate menu. From there select the Page Number option and click on Format Page Numbers. In the window that brings up, simply select the Start At radio button and enter the appropriate page to begin the current document.

In Adobe Acrobat (either on its own or via the Adobe Creative Cloud package), you can combine discrete Word documents into a single file. Under the Tools menu there is a Combine Files option. Simply drag the files you wish to combine into the designated space in the order you wish them to appear and click on Combine. This option will automatically start each document on a new page, but won't renumber them, which is why we needed to do that step earlier. Additionally, since Acrobat doesn't have any equivalent functionality to Cite While You Write further edits can't be made using EndNote directly.

Comprehensive Bibliography

If you wish to also have a bibliography at the end of your document, it's relatively straightforward do create one in one of two ways.

The first option requires you to have done some organizational work ahead of time or to do so now. The EndNote Web interface itself can generate a bibliography for you based on a "Group" of references. If you've already been organizing the references you're using for this project into a single Group you're all set, otherwise you'll have to build that Group now.

Once that's done, you can click into the Format --> Bibliography section of your account. In the three drop-down menus, select the name of the Group that your references are in, the citation style you've used for your paper, and RTF format (the other options are a Text file which wouldn't be able to include things like italicized text and HTML which would likely work, but Rich Text is more likely to copy and paste into Word cleanly).

Clicking Save should process the references and save a .rtf file in your usual downloads location. You will want to open that file in Word and edit it to use the same formatting style as the rest of your document (typeface, font size, margins, etc.). From there you can either include it in the "combining" steps above or if working in Word you can simply copy and paste the text at the end of the document.

The other option for creating a comprehensive bibliography is a bit messy. We'll just be opening each file comprising your documents various sections, copying the contents, and then pasting everything into a single Word file. If you had already written your paper before coming to this guide, you likely already have a suitable file saved somewhere. Once you've got all of your content in this one file, click on Update Citations and Bibliography button in the EndNote menu of Word and it should build the single bibliography at the end of your document. Save a backup and go through the Convert To Plain Text steps mentioned in the "Instructions for Microsoft Word" section above to get a version of the bibliography that you can copy and paste freely without worrying about CWYW making further edits. At that point you can add it to your paper using the methods described above.

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Citing in Word

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EndNote can add citations in Word almost automatically and also change from one citation style to another.

After you've added references to your EndNote library, to cite them in Word, one recommended way is to go to Word, open a document, then click on the EndNote ribbon in Word, then click the magnifying glass icon at the left of the ribbon. A new window should open. In the Find field, you can search for the citation to add by any word in the reference or search for * and all references in your EndNote library will be listed. Click on the reference you want to cite, and then click the Insert button. You can also use the control key to select more than one reference to cite at one time. Word will use the citation style that is selected in the EndNote ribbon, and you can change the style by clicking the Style list or click Select Another Style to search for a style that is installed on the computer but not yet listed. If the style needed is not installed, you can download the style from EndNote's website, save it in EndNote desktop, and then select it in Word.

Some other ways to add citations in Word (other than using the magnifying glass icon to search for the citations) are: click the lower part of the magnifying glass icon (says "Insert Citation"). The option "Insert Citation" simply opens the find citation window like the magnifying glass does. The option "Insert  Selected Citation(s)" adds the citation that is selected in the EndNote library. Another way to add a citation is to select the needed reference in EndNote and then click the "Insert Citation" icon in the EndNote desktop toolbar or click the EndNote Tools menu + point at Cite While You Write + click Insert Selected Citation(s). Or you could select the needed reference and click Alt + 2 to add that citation to the current location in Word. Yet another way to add the citation is to drag the reference (the one-line listing) from the EndNote library to the correct location in the Word document.

Some ways to change an in-text citation are: when using the magnifying glass icon to find and add a citation, instead of clicking directly on the Insert button, click the down arrow that is part of that button; this provides the options of adding the citation as Author (Year) or Excluding the Author or Excluding the Year or adding the item in the Bibliography only (not as an in-text citation). If an in-text citation has already been added and one of these options is needed, you can right-click the in-text citation, then point at the sub-menu Edit Citations and click the appropriate option. One addition option in this menu is Exclude Author & Year. Yet another way to access these same option is to click the in-text citation, then click Edit & Manage Citation(s) in the EndNote ribbon. This opens a new window. Make sure the correct in-text citation is selected in the upper part of the window. Then the same options can be selected using the Formatting list. In addition, this window allows adding Prefix, Suffix, or Pages to the in-text citation. Most citation styles as implemented in EndNote (as I understand) do not make use of the Pages field. The APA style is the only one I know of that does use the Pages field. If paging is needed in another citation style, you may have to provide the appropriate punctuation and paging in the Suffix field (for example, ", pp. 23-24").

Some ways to delete an in-text citation are: completely select the in-text citation and press the delete key. Or backspace through the in-text citation. (This should result in the in-text citation being deleted before having to backspace all the way through.) Another way is to right-click the in-text citation, then click the More sub-menu, this opens the Edit & Manage Citations window. Make sure the intended in-text citation is selected at the top, then click the down arrow on the Edit Reference button for that citation and then click Remove Citation. This option can also be accessed by clicking the in-text citation and then click Edit & Manage Citation(s) in the EndNote ribbon. This window also provides direct access to deleting one reference from a multiple-reference citation. Find the multiple-citation in the window and then click the citation for the specific reference, then click the down arrow beside the Edit Reference button and click Remove Citation.

Subject Bibliographies

Click the Tools menu + Subject Bibliography. Example: for creating an Author name bibliography—click Author, possibly uncheck “list each author separately”, click OK, then click “Select All”, then click OK. Next, click the Layout button, click the “Bibliography Layout” tab and delete any data under “Start each Reference with”, click the Terms tab, and uncheck “Subject Term Counts”, then click the Print or Save button. You can save the file as rich text (includes font formatting and can be opened in Word), HTML, or as text.

Copying Formatted Citations

Select the references in EndNote that you want to use in the bibliography and then click the EndNote Edit menu + Copy Formatted, then paste into Word or email

Copying a Citation from Preview

In EndNote desktop with the desired citation format selected, in the library panel click the item you want to cite and in the PDF viewer panel (the tabbed panel) at the right, with the Preview tab selected, you can highlight and copy the formatted citation.

Styles in EndNote Desktop and Word

EndNote desktop. To select a citation style in EndNote desktop, select the style in the list of styles at the top left of EndNote. If the needed style is not showing in the list, click Select Another Style in the list and a Choose a Style window will display with a list of all styles presently installed with EndNote on your computer. Click the style you need and click the Choose button. If the needed style is not in the list, see the next section, "Adding a Style".

Some options: you can sort the list of styles in the Choose a Style window by either the name of the style or by its Category (usually a subject discipline) by clicking on the Name or Category labels at the top of the listing. Click into the list and depending on how the list is sorted, you can type the first letter (or quickly type the first few letters) and EndNote will display that part of the list. (If the list is sorted by Name, EndNote will use the Name ordering; if sorted by Category, the Category ordering.) If you click the Style Info/Preview button, you can see how the selected style cites a few example references. This can be helpful if you need to choose a style with certain attributes (for example, a style that is numbered and that italicizes the journal title) or if you are looking for a style that is like another style (trying to find one that is more completely defined).

Word. The list of styles available in Word is the same as what is available in EndNote. To add a new style in Word, you would add the style in EndNote. To select a style in Word, click the EndNote ribbon in Word and then click the Style list in the ribbon. You can simply select a style from the list and Word will reformat all EndNote citations in the current document in the newly selected style. If the style you need is not in the list, click Select Another Style. You can navigate this window with some of the same options as in EndNote desktop's Choose a Style window (described above). Click the needed style and then click the OK button. If the needed style is not included in the list, you can add the needed style to EndNote desktop (see the information in the next section, Adding a Style).

Adding a Style

If you need to add a new style to EndNote desktop, go to the EndNote website , click the Downloads menu, scroll down to Output styles and click Add output styles. Search for the citation style using the style name or the journal name (or using the other search options). If you find the style, click the style name and then click the Download this style button. The browser should download the style. Next double-click the downloaded file and EndNote should open the style in an EndNote style window. To add the style to your EndNote styles, click File + Save as. If you do not have the style yet, you can delete the word Copy in the style name. After that, the style should be findable in EndNote or Word's list of styles.

Viewing/Editing a Style

To view or edit a style in EndNote, click Edit + point at Output Styles. Two options listed here are editing the currently selected style or Open Style Manager where you can select any of the installed styles. For an example to see more of these details, select the option to edit the currently selected style. This opens the style editing window. The window has a table of contents type column to the left with many elements of the style that are accessible from the table of contents. The top section of the table of contents includes general settings for the style; the Citations section has settings for how the in-text citations will be formatted; the Bibliography (or Footnotes) section has settings for how the references will be formatted.

One very important section is Bibliography (or Footnotes) Templates. Click Templates under Bibliography. Each template defines how EndNote will create references for items of that template's Reference Type (for example, the Book Reference Type or the Journal Article Reference Type). Styles vary significantly in how many reference types are defined in EndNote's version of the style. If you are citing a Reference Type that is not defined in the selected style (for example, perhaps a Patent), EndNote will use the Generic Reference Type (which will probably not be entirely correct). If you click the Reference Types button at the top of the window, you can see a list of all possible Reference Types with check-marks indicating the ones that are defined in that style. A further comment about EndNote's version of a citation style. I have been told by EndNote technical support that employees from their company take the instructions to authors from journal websites to create the style in EndNote. If the instructions to the author only give a few examples of types of references, the EndNote style is likely to also have few templates defined. Some strategies for dealing with this are: 1) if possible, choose a citation style that has more reference types defined; 2) if a citation style is based on another style (for example, a given journal's style being based on the Chicago Manual of Style) it may be possible to add templates from the original style (though changes may be required); 3) it may be possible to edit a template from another style by reference to citations in journal articles from the journal (it may be easy to make mistakes editing the templates because of the special characters in the templates!); 4) EndNote support can help (their contact information is on the EndNote.com website).

You can click Reference Types and then select a Reference Type that is not yet defined and EndNote will add that Reference Type to the list of templates. However, the template details still have to be created. Most of the information in the template appears to be the names of fields in the EndNote reference data. When citing a reference, where a field name appears in the template, EndNote will put the data that is in that field (so, where the template says Author, EndNote will put the data from the Author field). Most of the punctuation in the template is also used as punctuation in the resulting citations (it is just copied into the citation). There are a few special characters in the templates that have a special meaning: the straight line (forced separation), a diamond symbol (link adjacent text), single backquotes (used for actually displaying text that happens to be a field name, such as DOI), and up arrows (that are used to offer alternate versions of singular and plural terms). Many of these items can be selected from the Insert Field button at the top right of the style editing window.

For much more information, see the EndNote Style Editing Guide . (On that screen there are links for the Windows and Mac PDFs beneath the video.) Be sure to check the last section, "An Easier Way: Editing Existing Styles" which begins "A far easier way to create an EndNote Style is to edit a style that already exists and save it with a new name." Also helpful is a table beginning on page 37 about the special characters used in creating the templates for reference types.

Accuracy of EndNote's citations

There are several contributing factors that result in the citations being accurate or not. Among these are: EndNote has around 6,000 styles. Only about 500 are typically installed, however, it is easy to add styles. EndNote creates these style files (files that the program uses to format citations in the different citation styles) from the instructions to authors on journal and style organization (such as APA) sites. I am more confident of this point in regard to particular journal’s citation styles. I’m not sure if the entire APA style as implemented in EndNote is based on instruction to authors. EndNote may well have referred to that style’s published manual. Very often, journals' instructions to authors will only give a few types of citations, maybe books, journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, and websites. If that is all the journal shows a definition for, that’s what EndNote will include in their file. And when a reference that you are citing has a reference type (for example, Thesis) that happens to not be defined in the style that you are using, then EndNote will format the citation using its Generic reference type. So, it can be important when working with a new style to see how thoroughly it is defined and in particular to see whether all of the reference types you are citing are defined in the style. And I think it is also important to review the citations in Word to see that things are being cited as expected. It’s likely that if one uses a well-established and often-used style such as APA that some level of confidence will develop. Some of the other factors for inaccurate citations include wrong data in a database. This might be more likely in Google Scholar since editors do not check the data, however, any database could have wrong data. Another possibility of error is in the data transfer because there is an assignment of a given database field to an EndNote field. Typically these details do not result in an abundance of inaccuracies, however, I would not expect no errors in the citations. There is certainly variation between the databases (one EBSCO database was including author’s emails with author’s names in the author name field for a while because EBSCO obtained the data from the data provider that way—however that is not the usual case) and variation between the citation styles (especially individual journal styles). One other significant source of inaccurate citations is that there could be an error in the template in a citation style that tells EndNote how to format a citation for a given reference type. These templates have two specific characters (for "forced separation" and "link adjacent text") that perform a certain function in the citations and are intended to cause citations to format as well as possible when there is some missing data (such as no journal issue number). If you see a case where EndNote is incorrectly formatting a citation and the template for the reference type is defined in EndNote's style file, you may want to contact EndNote technical support (or me). They can route the request to colleagues who can edit their citation style file.

Most of this guide talks about adding citations as endnotes, not as footnotes, however, in this section is some information about using a footnote style. I will use the Chicago 16th Footnote style as an example. I only have limited experience in working with footnotes, so these are just introductory comments. When you have this style selected in Word, to add a footnote, you place the cursor in the document where you want to add a footnote and then use the Word menus and ribbons to insert the footnote number. In Word 2016 on the PC, the command to add a footnote is accessed through the References menu, then by clicking the Insert Footnote icon. This is in the Footnotes section toward the left of the ribbon. The Insert Footnote icon has the image AB ¹. Clicking that icon in Word will add the superscript footnote number in the text and will start a footnote field at the foot of that page. While the cursor is in the footnote field, to add the actual reference, click the EndNote menu in Word, click the Insert Citation icon (the double quotes with the magnifying glass), in the window that opens in Word, search for the needed citation in the list of references from your open EndNote library or libraries, and then click the Insert button. That should add the selected citation into the footnote field. The Chicago footnote style is configured to also create a list of references that by default is displayed at the last of the text document. (The list can appear before a footnote if one appears on that same page.) If you need to add cited page(s) to the footnote, right-click the footnote reference, then point at Edit Citation(s) in the context menu, then click More in the sub-menu and put the cited page(s) in the Pages field. The information added for the cited page(s) will appear in the footnote reference, however, not in the list of references at the last of the document. (One journal article I cited had the same page number as part of the journal article reference, so that page number did appear in the reference list.) If you're citing a footnote in a document, you can input the cited page where the cited footnote appears (for example, page 100) followed by the footnote number (for example 1) as 100n1

Although it is fairly easy to change from one EndNote style to another, it is not automatic to change from a footnote style to an endnote style (a style that does not use footnotes). The problem likely has to do with the fact that Word adds the footnote numbers and footnote fields and EndNote is inputting only the reference information into the footnote fields. So, EndNote does not remove the footnote fields when trying to change to a non-footnote style. I have been told before that EndNote technical support may have some extra software tools to help change from a footnote style to an endnote style.

In Word's EndNote Ribbon in the middle column of the ribbon beside the word Bibliography is a small icon (square with an arrow) that opens the Bibliography Dialog Window. On the Format Bibliography tab, some of the elements are: Temporary Citation Delimiters--these are the symbols that are used to enclose EndNote's temporary citations. If you unformat citations or are working with Instant Formatting off and add a new citation, these symbols will appear around the temporary citation (a code version of the in-text citation). In some circumstances, if you are using the symbols elsewhere in the document for some other purpose, it can create additional prompting from EndNote if EndNote is trying to process the symbols as part of a temporary citation. For that or another reason, a person might want to change the temporary citation delimiters, however, this is not a typical case (where the delimiters need to be changed), just an option. Link in-text citations to references in the bibliography--this causes Word to create links from the in-text citation to the references. The linking can interfere with editing the in-text citations (when editing is needed--because when clicking the in-text citation to edit, the linking goes to the bibliography), and sometimes people will turn off (uncheck) this option until later in the editing (perhaps just before finalizing the document). On the Layout tab, some elements are: The font and font size used for the bibliography, the bibliography title and text formatting for the title, the starting number for a numbered bibliography (this might be useful for cases where one has earlier numbering in another document), indenting for the references in the bibliography and line spacing within references and between references in the bibliography.

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• Next: Organization and Management >>
• Last Updated: Mar 19, 2024 2:55 PM
• URL: https://tamu.libguides.com/endnote

• AUT Library
• Library Guides
• Referencing styles and applications
• APA 7th & EndNote
• About EndNote
• Install EndNote
• Your EndNote Library
• Add References
• Edit references
• Organise & search your Library
• Backup your Library
• Use EndNote with Word

Applying APA 7th

Journal articles, conferences, figure (image), film, tv & video/dvd, pamphlet or brochure, powerpoint slides, social media, theses & dissertations, websites & webpages.

• Chicago & EndNote
• EndNote Online
• Modify a Reference Style
• Work across multiple computers
• Workshop files
• Troubleshooting

References imported into EndNote often need corrections to ensure they are in the APA 7th style when inserted into Word using CWYW . 

This section provides some workarounds to achieve the correct APA 7th output when inserting your references in Word.

• Ensure  APA 7th is selected in the style box in your EndNote Library as well as in the EndNote tab in your Word document.
• If the following instructions do not work, you can create a plain text version (without the EndNote connection) of your final document and make corrections in the text.

• << Previous: Use EndNote with Word
• Next: Chicago & EndNote >>
• Last Updated: May 3, 2024 10:53 AM
• URL: https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/endnote

EndNote Library Management

• EndNote Quick Start
• EndNote for APA
• EndNote for AMA 11
• Using the EndNote Tools in Word
• Getting Citations from EndNote to MS Word
• Formatting EndNote Citations in MS Word
• Creating Bibliographies with EndNote
• Bibliography from Multiple Documents
• Hyperlink Citations in a Bibliography
• Manuscript Templates and Matcher in Word
• Grouping Multiple Citations
• Missing EndNote Toolbar in Word
• EndNote terminology
• Setting EndNote Preferences
• Working with Libraries in EndNote
• EndNote Term Lists
• EndNote Output Styles
• Endnote Reference Types

In This Guide

Working with endnote reference types, getting references into endnote manually.

• EndNote Quick Edit
• Importing into EndNote
• EndNote Export/Import Table
• Searching EndNote Libraries
• Organizing References in Endnote
• Enter References Manually
• Insert EndNote References into PowerPoint This link opens in a new window
• EN Common Questions
• EndNote with Google Docs CWYW (Cite While You Write) This link opens in a new window

The basis of reference management in EndNote -- from importing citations to formatting references in a bibliography – is the reference type. Each reference type consists of a collection of labeled fields, which vary based on the reference type. For example, the book type includes fields for publisher and place of publication, two fields that are not available in the journal article type.

Each EndNote reference contains the information needed to cite the reference in a bibliography plus extra fields such as abstracts, notes, keywords, URLs, etc. References can be added manually or imported from a database (see Importing from databases into EndNote ). The References menu contains the options for manipulating references, such as creating a new reference, editing or deleting an existing reference, or showing and hiding selected records.

 It is best to select the reference type before entering the bibliographic information in a reference; however, it can be changed at any time using the Reference Type drop-down menu at the top of the reference window.

Customizing reference types

Field labels for all reference types except generic can be modified. To modify field labels for a type:

• Go to the Preferences option under the Edit menu
• Click on the Reference Types option
• click on the Modify Reference Types button
• Choose the reference type to be modified from the drop-down menu

For any reference type, only those fields with a label are displayed in the reference window. For example, Number of volumes will not be a field option for a journal article.

Modifying field names and adding new fields to a reference type

The left column of the table lists the field names for the generic reference type, which cannot be modified. The column to the right of the generic reference type contains name of the reference type selected and the field names for the selected reference type -- both be edited. There are five fields that are undefined for all reference types - Custom 2 through Custom 7 (Custom 1 is used for a couple of reference types).

Adding new reference types

Three reference types (Unused 1, Unused 2, and Unused 3) are provided specifically for customization. Change the reference type name and label fields as desired. If additional reference types are needed, existing reference types that are not intended to be used (perhaps map or artwork) can be renamed and modified.

Hiding reference types from the drop-down menu in the reference window

To keep the reference types that are not used from being displayed in the drop-down menu, open the reference types table and add a period in front of the name of the type to hide. For example, if the Artwork type is never used, change the name of the type to .Artwork.

Resetting EndNote default settings

To reset the default settings for reference types, click the EndNote defaults button on the Reference type preferences window.

From the References menu, select New reference . . . This calls up a window in which citation data can be entered by hand. Select the appropriate reference type from the drop-down menu, and enter data into fields as described below. Not all fields have to be used. Use the Enter key to begin a new line in the same field; use the Tab key to jump to the next field.

Names:  Author and editor names must be listed one name per line. Using the format lastname, firstname is recommended. Use periods after initials, such as Smith, A. A., or a space between initials, Smith, A A

By default, the author field is set to work with the author term list. Subsequent occurrences of a name will automatically be filled in. To accept a suggested name, press the Enter or Tab key. If a name hasn’t already been used in the library, it will be in red text. To disable this feature, go to the Preferences option in the Edit menu.

• For anonymous works , leave the author field blank, unless the author is actually listed as “Anonymous”
• For works with many authors , include as many authors as known. If all authors are not known, enter et al. or and others as the last author name, followed by a comma.
• For corporate authors (such as the U. S. Centers for Disease Control), enter the name followed by a comma. (This prevents EndNote from inverting the name.)  For multi-layered corporate authors, like U. S. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, enter the name like this: U. S. Centers for Disease Control,,National Center for Health Statistics (that’s two commas between the two levels, none at the end). For three- or more level names, use two commas between the first two levels, one between other levels, none at the end.
• For complex author names , enter names in this format: de Gaulle, Charles and Smith, Alfred, Jr.

Year:  Enter the four-digit year (such as 1987) or in press or in preparation, as appropriate.

Titles:  Enter titles without a period or any other punctuation at the end. For long titles, do not use the Enter key; just allow the title to wrap around to the next line. It is best to enter the title capitalized as it will appear in the bibliography, as output styles cannot handle more than one type of title capitalization per reference (such as an article title and a journal title).

Journal:  Enter the full journal title. By default, the journal title field is set to work with the journal term list. Subsequent occurrences of a title will automatically be filled in. To accept a suggested journal title, press the Tab key.  If desired, enter the journal title abbreviation in the Alternate Journal field.  See the  Term List LibGuide  for information about the journals term list and importing the NLM medical journal and other types of journal title abbreviations.

Pages: Page ranges can be entered in full (342-346) or condensed (342-6) format. Do not use commas in page numbers in the thousands.

Edition: Enter 1st, 2nd, etc. as appropriate; do not include edition or ed. When EndNote formats a bibliography, it does not reformat the information in this field.

Date: Enter dates as appropriate. When EndNote formats a bibliography, it does not reformat the information in this field.

ID Numbers: EndNote has a number of fields for identifying numbers.  The DOI is for the DOI (digital object identifier) for online articles.  The Accession Number is for numbers identifying references in a database, like the PMID number in MEDLINE and PubMed.

Keywords: Enter keywords associated with the reference, such as subject descriptors, class name, project title, etc. By default, the Keyword field is set to work with the keyword term list. Subsequent occurrences of a keyword will be automatically filled in. To accept a suggested keyword, press the Enter or Tab key.

Notes: Enter personal notes about the work.

Abstract: Enter a brief description of the work. When references are imported from databases, often the abstracts are imported too.

URL : Enter the uniform resource locator (Web address). With a URL in this field, use the Open Link command from the References menu to launch the browser and open that site. For this to work properly, the URL, beginning with http://, must be the only information in this field. This can also be used to link to files on a local computer.

For information on the use of other fields, consult Help in EndNote toolbar.

Importing from databases

This is a quicker and easier method of getting citations into EndNote rather than entering references manually. Depending on the electronic resource you use, there will be different steps to follow in export and import your references.  To export, select the desired references and follow the instructions in the tables from the  Endnote Import/Export Guide . To import into EndNote, go to the File menu, then select Import ... then follow the instructions listed in the table. Note: Import filters must be saved in the c:\program files\endnote x- \filters. [ Note: Replace x- with version of EndNote used]

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• Next: EndNote Quick Edit >>
• Last Updated: Feb 9, 2024 10:29 AM
• URL: https://libguides.utoledo.edu/endnote

The Sheridan Libraries

Citing sources.

• Citing Generative AI Tools
• Chicago Style
• More Styles
• Citing Audiovisual Materials
• Citing Data
• Citing Ebooks
• Citing Images
• Citing Other Things
• Avoiding Plagiarism

Getting Help

If you need help using EndNote, visit the EndNote Customer Support page .

You can also contact Ivy Garner, Welch Medical Library Senior Reference Specialist:

• E-mail:  [email protected]
• Phone: 410-735-6561

EndNote Basic (Free Online)

• Getting Started

EndNote and EndNote Online

JHU affiliates can get a web version of  EndNote  through our Web of Science subscription. Library home page  --> Databases --> web of science. Then choose "EndNote," at the very top of the page:

EndNote is a reference management solution with both a desktop and online component. When used on the desktop, it may be called “EndNote desktop” or “EndNote on the desktop.” When used online, it may be called “EndNote online.” EndNote X8 & X9 users can synchronize all the references in one desktop library to their online library, and share the entire library with other EndNote X8 or X9 users. Their online library can contain an unlimited number of references and unlimited attachments.

You will be asked to register, if you haven't already. Here is  the Quick Start guide .

Please be aware that the web version of EndNote is more limited than regular EndNote.

Academic departments who want EndNote can go to the JHU portal at  my.jhu.edu  --> Technology --> My Software --> click the catalog link, and search for endnote

EndNote Basic

EndNote basic is a more limited reference management solution that is only available online. EndNote basic users can create an online library with a maximum of 50,000 references and up to 2GB of attachments.

There are two versions of EndNote basic.

• The free version of EndNote basic has 21 styles and a limited number of filters and connection files. This version is available to anybody, with no other purchase required.
• The version of EndNote basic available as part of the Web of Science has thousands of styles and hundreds of filters and connection files. This version is accessible by those whose institution has a subscription to the Web of Science.

For more information, see the EndNote Online Guide from Clarivate .

Written Documentation

• EndNote Online Quick Reference Guide
• EndNote Basic Quick Reference Guide
• Importing/Adding Citations
• Sharing Citations
• Finding Full Text

Removing Duplicates

• Cite While You Write

What's New in EndNote 20?

How to use endnote: a 7-minute tutorial.

Exporting Records from PubMed to EndNote

Exporting Records from Web of Science to EndNote

Manually Adding Citations

Sharing your endnote libraries in endnote 20.

Finding Full-Text Through the JH Catalog

• Open an EndNote Library. In the top menu bar, go to Edit > Preferences > Find Full Text
• In the 'Open URL Path'  box type: https://findit.library.jhu.edu/resolve
• In the 'Authenticate with: URL' box type:  http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/

Note that connecting to Hopkins resources using Johns Hopkins VPN connection may yield higher full text retrieval. Directions for installing VPN are available at the Johns Hopkins VPN Resource Center .

Your settings in Preferences should look like this:

Preferences for Removing Duplicates

Using Cite While You Write

Starting at 14:22, the video below explains how to use EndNote to insert citations into your manuscript.

If Cite While You Write Is Missing in Word

• Open Word 2010.
• Click on the File tab in the left-hand corner.
• Click Options on the left-hand side column/menu.
• When the Word Options window opens, click on Add-Ins in the left-hand column.
• In the Manage drop-down menu (bottom of ain panel), select Disabled Items and click on the Go button.
• The EndNote add-in will show up as Add-in:cite while you write (endnote cwyw.dll).
• Highlight the EndNote add-in and select Enable.
• Close the Disabled Items window.
• At the bottom of the Word Options window, click OK.
• Close and re-open Word 2010.
• Close Microsoft Word, then go to the EndNote X9 Program Files folder. (64-bit machines: C:\Program Files (x86) \EndNote X7\; 32-bit machines: C:\Program Files\EndNote X7\)
• Run Configure EndNote.exe .
• Make sure Configure EndNote components is selected and click Next.
• Select Cite While You Write add-in for Microsoft Office and click Next.
• Click Finish. Note: the message may read that the Configuration was cancelled.
• Open Microsoft Word and look for the EndNote X9 tab in the ribbon.

Then, Restore the EndNote Toolbar for Mac

• Go to File, then Options.
• Click on Add-Ins.
• Click to tick the boxes next to the EndNote add-ins to reactivate.

What's New in EndNote X9?

How to Use EndNote: A 6-Minute Tutorial

Exporting Records from Embase to EndNote

Exporting Records from Cochrane Library to EndNote

Sharing Your EndNote Libraries in EndNote X9

• << Previous: Citation Tools
• Next: Mendeley >>
• Last Updated: Jul 23, 2024 11:37 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing

Formulaire de recherche

• Installation
• Styles & Examples
• Filters & Importation
• Documentation
• Troubleshooting
• EndNote Online

⦁ EndNote is installed with 500 styles, which can be found under C:\Program Files\Endnote 21\Styles\.

⦁ To find a style requested by a journal in which you would like to publish, see the 7500 styles provided by EndNote .

⦁ All other styles downloaded and opened with EndNote will be saved on your computer under :

C:\ Users\<UserName>\Documents\EndNote\Styles for Windows; /Users/<UserName>/Documents/EndNote/Styles for macOS.

See this path in EndNote ➞ Edit ➞ Preferences... ➞ Folder Locations. The styles found here have priority over the styles automatically installed with EndNote.

⦁ Unless a specific style has been recommended by your department for your assignments, thesis, or dissertation, the Library strongly suggests that you adopt the APA 7th or IEEE styles.

⦁ APA7th_PolyMTL  (last updated August 21, 2023)

If you want to publish in a journal that requires a reference list in APA style, use EndNote's APA 7th style. Download the styles in French , if you need them.

⦁ To import references  from your EndNote library into the Canadian Common CV , use the style:

• CV_commun_canadien (last updated July 30, 2015)

IMPORTANT: Do not use Internet Explorer to download the style CV_commun_canadien .

Required Information in the EndNote Fields

The fields in EndNote should contain information in an appropriate format , so that the references can be created correctly according to the chosen style.

Also, use these recommendations to check if your references have been imported correctly.

Authors (Author, Editor) – Enter author and editor names one name per line. Enter whole names whenever possible, because EndNote can abbreviate first names. If you enter initials instead of full names, type a period or a space between initials.   •  Aubin, Carl-Éric   • Aubin, C. E.   • Aubin, C E   • Brochu, Miriam   • Smith, Dan L., Jr.   • Peterson, J E C, III – Press Enter/Return before entering the name of the second author, etc. – For organizations, add a comma at the end of the name.   • Ex.: Photon Inc., – If the name of the organization contains a comma, put two commas instead of the first comma in the organization name and do not put any punctuation at the end.   • Ministry of Community,, Sport and Cultural Development – If there is no information provided about the author, leave the field empty. – The newly entered names appear in red. As these names are included in the index of authors, they will be displayed in black.

Year, Year of Conference – Enter only the publication year (4 figures).   • 2011

Title – Enter the full title of the document without capital letters.   • Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form

Journal – Capitalize the English journal titles. (Write an uppercase letter at the beginning of each word of the name of the journal, except for little words such as a, an, the, but, as, if, and, or, nor, or prepositions, regardless of their length.)   • Journal of Applied Physics – Do not put a period at the end of the title and do not press Enter/Return.

Place Published – Enter the city and the abbreviation of the province or state (for Canada and the United States) or the city and the country (for other countries) where the document was published.   • Montreal, QC   • Paris, France

Publisher – Enter the publisher name (publishing company or organization).   • Springer

Edition – Enter the edition as you would like it to appear in the reference list.   • 5 (for APA7th_fr_PolyMTL in French)   • 5th (for APA7th and IEEE in English)

Volume, Issue – Enter only the volume number.   • 10 – Enter only the issue number.   • 4

Pages – Enter the page ranges of the articles or book chapters and do not use commas for page numbers in the thousands.   • 10-20

Conference Name – Enter only the conference name, without « Proceedings of » and without the date of the conference.   • 17th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2013)

Conference Location – Enter the city and the abbreviation of the province or state (for Canada and the United States) or the city and the country (for other countries).   • Montreal, QC   • Paris, France

DOI – Enter only the DOI (a unique ID for locating a digital version of a document).   • 10.1002/mrm.22279

URL – Enter the URL (the address of the web page) used to locate the specific document.   • https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00914305

Name of Database – Enter the name of the database in which the document was found.   • Compendex

Access Date (optional, but recommended for wikis) – Enter the date when you accessed the resource as:   • day, non-abbreviated month, and year for the styles in French: 6 juin 2010   • month, day, and year for the styles in English: June 6, 2010

Examples of information in EndNote for several types of documents, according to the APA7th_fr_PolyMTL style

However, book titles in English should be capitalized for IEEE.

⦁ For 21 authors and more, APA requires listing in the references the first 19 authors ... and the last. The APA7th_PolyMTL and APA7th_fr_PolyMTL styles for EndNote only mention the first 6 authors ... and the last.   How to set up the APA styles to display the first 19 authors … and the last in the references

⦁ Click Tools ➞ Output Styles ➞ Edit "name of style" (here, Edit "APA7th_PolyMTL").

Book, handbook, dictionary, encyclopedia

⚊⚊> Book in print version

Ashby, M. F. (2017). Materials selection in mechanical design (5th ed.). Elsevier.

⚊⚊> Edited book in print version

Vital, J.-M. (Ed.). (2016). Anatomie de la colonne vertébrale: Nouveaux concepts . Sauramps Médical.

⚊⚊> Electronic book with DOI

Alexander, M., Bentur, A., & Mindess, S. (2017). Durability of concrete: Design and construction . CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315118413

⚊⚊> Edited electronic book without DOI

Geng, H. (Ed.). (2016). Internet of things and data analytics handbook . Wiley. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polymtl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4771458

Book or handbook chapter

⚊⚊> Edited book chapter in print version

Kamalapurkar, R., Dixon, W. E., & Walters, P. (2016). Model-based reinforcement learning for approximate optimal regulation: Stability analysis. In K. G. Vamvoudakis & J. Sarangapani (Eds.), Control of complex systems: Theory and applications (pp. 255-259). Elsevier.

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Book Section Author Kamalapurkar, R.
Dixon, W. E.
Walters, P. Year 2016 Title Model-based reinforcement learning for approximate optimal regulation: Stability analysis Editor Vamvoudakis, Kyriakos G.
Sarangapani, Jagannathan Book Title Control of complex systems: Theory and applications Publisher Elsevier Pages 255-259 Edition   DOI   URL  

⚊⚊> Edited electronic book chapter with DOI, 2nd edition

Berg, D. E. (2017). Wind energy resource. In D. Y. Goswami & F. Kreith (Eds.), Energy conversion (2nd ed., pp. 137-176). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-7

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Berg, Dale E.
	Year	2017
	Title	Wind energy resource
	Editor	Goswami, D. Yogi Kreith, Frank
	Book Title	Energy conversion
	Publisher	CRC Press
	Pages	137-176
	Edition	2nd
	DOI	10.1201/9781315374192-7
	URL

⚊⚊> Edited electronic book chapter without DOI, 3rd edition

Marcilla, A., Garcia, J. C., & Beltran, M. (2017). Plasticization steps. In G. Wypych (Ed.), Handbook of plasticizers (3rd ed., pp. 195-208). ChemTec Publishing. https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpHPE00024/handbook-plasticizers/handbook-plasticizers

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Marcilla, A. Garcia, J. C. Beltran, M.
	Year	2017
	Title	Plasticization steps
	Editor	Wypych, George
	Book Title	Handbook of plasticizers
	Publisher	ChemTec Publishing
	Pages	195-208
	Edition	3rd
	DOI
	URL	http://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpHPE00024/handbook-plasticizers/handbook-plasticizers

Entry in an encyclopedia (including Wikipedia)

⚊⚊> Print version

Rivera, M. (2007). Groundwater: Soil moisture. In F. Pedro, Jr. & E. K. Nyer (Eds.), The water encyclopedia: Hydrologic data and Internet resources (3rd ed., pp. 6-76). CRC Taylor & Francis.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Book Section	Author	Rivera, Melvin
	Year	2007
	Title	Groundwater: Soil moisture
	Editor	Pedro, Fierro, Jr. Nyer, Evan K.
	Book Title	The water encyclopedia: Hydrologic data and Internet resources
	Publisher	CRC Taylor & Francis
	Pages	6-76
	Edition	3rd
	DOI
	URL

⚊⚊> Electronic with DOI

Wohlgemuth, J. (2017). Photovoltaic cells. In Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology . Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.16081520070125.a01.pub3

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Wohlgemuth, John
	Year	2017
	Title	Photovoltaic cells
	Editor
	Book Title	Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology
	Publisher	Wiley
	Pages
	Edition
	DOI	10.1002/0471238961.16081520070125.a01.pub3
	URL

⚊⚊> Electronic without DOI

Carrington, C. D., & Bolger, P. M. (2014). Toxic metals: Lead. In Y. Motarjemi, G. G. Moy, & E. C. D. Todd (Eds.), Encyclopedia of food safety (pp. 349-351). Elsevier. https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpEFS00001/encyclopedia-food-safety/encyclopedia-food-safety

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Carrington, C. D. Bolger, P. M.
	Year	2014
	Title	Toxic metals: Lead
	Editor	Motarjemi, Yasmine Moy, Gerald G. Todd, Ewen C. D.
	Book Title	Encyclopedia of food safety
	Publisher	Elsevier
	Pages	349-351
	Edition
	DOI
	URL	https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpEFS00001/encyclopedia-food-safety/encyclopedia-food-safety

⚊⚊> Article in the Techniques de l'ingénieur without editor and without DOI

Boyer, F., Alamir, M., Chablat, D., Khalil, W., Leroyer, A., & Lemoine, P. (2006). Robot anguille sous-marin en 3D. In Techniques de l'ingénieur . Éditions T.I. https://bit.ly/2AHybZQ

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Boyer, Frédéric Alamir, Mazen Chablat, Damien Khalil, Wisama Leroyer, Alban Lemoine, Philippe
	Year	2006
	Title	Robot anguille sous-marin en 3D
	Editor
	Book Title	Techniques de l'ingénieur
	Publisher	Éditions T.I.
	Pages
	Edition
	DOI
	URL	https://bit.ly/2AHybZQ

⚊⚊> Electronic without author and without DOI

Image and video capture. (2006). In B. Furht (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multimedia (pp. 287-288). Springer. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polymtl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3036336

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author
	Year	2006
	Title	Image and video capture
	Editor	Furht, Borko
	Book Title	Encyclopedia of multimedia
	Publisher	Springer
	Pages	287-288
	Edition
	DOI
	URL	http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polymtl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3036336

⚊⚊> Entry in Wikipedia

Corrosion. (2020, June 5). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corrosion&oldid=960805536

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author
	Year	2020
	Title	Corrosion
	Editor
	Book Title	Wikipedia
	Publisher
	Pages
	Edition
	Date	June 5
	DOI
	URL	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corrosion&oldid=960805536

Entry in a dictionary

Atkins, T., & Escudier, M. (2013). Fluidization. In A dictionary of mechanical engineering (p. 140). Oxford University Press.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Book Section	Author	Atkins, Tony Escudier, Marcel
	Year	2013
	Title	Fluidization
	Editor
	Book Title	A dictionary of mechanical engineering
	Publisher	Oxford University Press
	Pages	140
	Edition
	DOI
	URL

⚊⚊> Electronic entry with author and without DOI

Petersen, E. L., & Madsen, P. H. (2015). Wind farm. In C. J. Cleveland & C. Morris (Eds.), Dictionary of energy (2nd ed., p. 650). Elsevier. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polymtl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1821967

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Petersen, Erik Lundtang Madsen, Peter Haugen
	Year	2015
	Title	Wind farm
	Editor	Cleveland, Cutler J. Morris, Christopher
	Book Title	Dictionary of Energy
	Publisher	Elsevier
	Pages	650
	Edition	2nd
	DOI
	URL	http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/polymtl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1821967

⚊⚊> Electronic entry without author and without DOI

Lanthanoids. (2010). In J. Daintith & E. Martin (Eds.), A dictionary of science (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. http://www.knovel.com/web/portal/browse/display?_EXT_KNOVEL_DISPLAY_bookid=3287

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author
	Year	2010
	Title	Lanthanoids
	Editor	Daintith, John Martin, Elizabeth
	Book Title	A dictionary of science
	Publisher	Oxford University Press
	Pages
	Edition	6th
	DOI
	URL	http://www.knovel.com/web/portal/browse/display?_EXT_KNOVEL_DISPLAY_bookid=3287

⚊⚊> Entry in an online dictionary with group author

Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d). Cryptocurrency. In Cambridge Dictionary . Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Cambridge Dictionary,
	Year	n.d.
	Title	Cryptocurrency
	Editor
	Book Title	Cambridge Dictionary
	Publisher
	Pages
	Edition
	DOI
	URL	https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency

Journal article

Comeau, Y., Rabinowitz, B., Hall, K. J., & Oldham, W. K. (1987). Phosphate release and uptake in enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation , 59 (7), 707-715.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Journal Article	Author	Comeau, Yves Rabinowitz, Barry Hall, Kenneth J. Oldham, William K.
	Year	1987
	Title	Phosphate release and uptake in enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater
	Journal	Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation
	Volume	59
	Issue	7
	Pages	707-715
	DOI
	URL

Birglen, L., & Schlicht, T. (2018). A statistical review of industrial robotic grippers. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing , 49 , 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2017.05.007

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Journal Article	Author	Birglen, Lionel Schlicht, Thomas
	Year	2018
	Title	A statistical review of industrial robotic grippers
	Journal	Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
	Volume	49
	Issue
	Pages	88-97
	DOI	10.1016/j.rcim.2017.05.007
	URL

Restrepo, J. D., Labelle, M.-A., Parent, S., Villemur, R., Juteau, P., & Comeau, Y. (2009). Biological phosphorus removal and denitrification of a fish farm effluent in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada , 44 (3), 233-242. https://www.cawq.ca/cgi-bin/journal/abstract.cgi?language=english&pk_article=432

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Journal Article	Author	Restrepo, Juan D. Labelle, Marc-André Parent, Serge Villemur, Richard Juteau, Pierre Comeau, Yves
	Year	2009
	Title	Biological phosphorus removal and denitrification of a fish farm effluent in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor
	Journal	Water Quality Research Journal of Canada
	Volume	44
	Issue	3
	Pages	233-242
	DOI
	URL	https://www.cawq.ca/cgi-bin/journal/abstract.cgi?language=english&pk_article=432

⚊⚊> Advance online publication with DOI

Shabanian, J., & Chaouki, J. (xxxx). Title of the article. Powder Technology , 375 , 125-130. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Journal Article	Author	Shabanian, Jaber Chaouki, Jamal
	Year	xxxx
	Title	Title of the article
	Journal	Powder Technology
	Volume	400
	Issue
	Pages	125-130
	Type of article	Advance online publication
	DOI	xxxxx
	URL

⚊⚊> In press

Shabanian, J., & Chaouki, J. (in press). Title of the article. Powder Technology .

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Journal Article	Author	Shabanian, Jaber Chaouki, Jamal
	Year	in press
	Title	Title of the article
	Journal	Powder Technology
	Volume
	Issue
	Pages
	DOI
	URL

Newspaper article

Croteau, M. (2013, February 6). Risques de marée noire: Le fédéral et les provinces ne sont pas prêts. La Presse , p. A14.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Newspaper Article	Reporter	Croteau, Martin
	Year	2013
	Title	Risques de marée noire: Le fédéral et les provinces ne sont pas prêts
	Newspaper	La Presse
	Pages	A14
	Issue Date	February 6
	URL

⚊⚊> Electronic with a news agency as author

The Canadian Press. (2020, June 14). Déversement à une station de pompage de Trans Mountain. Le Devoir . https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/environnement/580806/deversement-a-une-station-de-pompage-de-trans-mountain

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Newspaper Article	Reporter	The Canadian Press,
	Year	2020
	Title	Déversement à une station de pompage de Trans Mountain
	Newspaper	Le Devoir
	Pages
	Issue Date	June 14
	URL	https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/environnement/580806/deversement-a-une-station-de-pompage-de-trans-mountain

⚊⚊> Electronic without author (editorial)

Montreal Gazette Editorial Board. (2017, October 6). Editorial: The end of Energy East. The Montreal Gazette . http://montrealgazette.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-the-end-of-energy-east

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Newspaper Article	Reporter	Montreal Gazette Editorial Board,
	Year	2017
	Title	Editorial: The end of Energy East
	Newspaper	The Montreal Gazette
	Pages
	Issue Date	October 6
	URL	http://montrealgazette.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-the-end-of-energy-east

⚊⚊> Electronic with author

Paquin, G. (2012, December 7). Le nouveau message des sociétés. La Presse . http://affaires.lapresse.ca/portfolio/industrie-pharmaceutique/201212/07/01-4601739-le-nouveau-message-des-societes.php

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Newspaper Article	Reporter	Paquin, Guy
	Year	2012
	Title	Le nouveau message des sociétés
	Newspaper	La Presse
	Pages
	Issue Date	December 7
	URL	http://affaires.lapresse.ca/portfolio/industrie-pharmaceutique/201212/07/01-4601739-le-nouveau-message-des-societes.php

⚊⚊> Webpage on a news website (HuffPost, CNN, Reuters, etc.)

Woods, M. (2020, May 7). How do coronavirus contact tracing apps work? HuffPost. https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/contact-tracing-app-canada_ca_5eb45f6fc5b6aec3671350a8?ncid=other_huffpostre_pqylmel2bk8&utm_campaign=related_articles

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author	Woods, Melanie
	Year	2020
	Title	How do coronavirus contact tracing apps work?
	Publisher	HuffPost
	Last Update Date	May 7
	URL	https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/contact -tracing-app-canada_ca_5eb45f6fc5b6aec 3671350a8?ncid=other_huffpostre_pqylmel2bk8&utm_campaign=related_articles

Magazine article

Robinson, M. (2016, November 7). Student downloaders beware. Maclean's , 129 (44), 56-57.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Magazine Article	Author	Robinson, Michael
	Year	2016
	Title	Student downloaders beware
	Magazine	Maclean's
	Volume	129
	Issue Number	44
	Pages	56-57
	Date	November 7
	URL

Bilodeau, M. (2019). E-nundation: Le logiciel qui met en échec les inondations. Québec Science . https://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/inventions-de-lannee/inventions-2019/e-nundation-logiciel-inondations/

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Magazine Article	Author	Bilodeau, Maxime
	Year	2019
	Title	E-nundation: Le logiciel qui met en échec les inondations
	Magazine	Québec Science
	Volume
	Issue Number
	Pages
	Date
	URL	https://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/inventions-de-lannee/inventions-2019/e-nundation-logiciel-inondations/

Conference paper

Zarrabi, H., Al-Khalili, A. J., & Savaria, Y. (2009, May 10-12). An interconnect-aware delay model for dynamic voltage scaling in nm technologies [Paper presentation]. ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, GLSVLSI, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1145/1531542.1531557

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Conference Paper	Author	Zarrabi, Houman Al-Khalili, Asim J. Savaria, Yvon
	Year	2009
	Title	An interconnect-aware delay model for dynamic voltage scaling in nm technologies
	Conference Name	ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, GLSVLSI
	Conference Location	Boston, MA
	Date	May 10-12
	Type	Paper presentation
	DOI	10.1145/1531542.1531557
	URL

Neocleous, P., Pike, E. R., & De Villiers, G. D. (2004, March 28-31). Singular value decomposition applied to wire antennas [Paper presentation]. PIERS 2004 - Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Pisa, Italy. http://www.piers.org/piers2k4Pisa/session_64/64_01.pdf

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Conference Paper Author Neocleous, Pelagia
Pike, E. R.
De Villiers, Geoffrey D. Year 2004 Title Singular value decomposition applied to wire antennas Conference Name PIERS 2004 - Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium Conference Location Pisa, Italy Date March 28-31 Type Paper presentation DOI URL http://www.piers.org/piers2k4Pisa/session_64/64_01.pdf

⚊⚊> Published in a volume (in print or electronic version)

Nguyen, T.-H., Hoang, T.-A., Nejdl, W. (2019). Efficient summarizing of evolving events from Twitter streams. In T. Berger-Wolf & N. Chawla (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2019 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (pp. 226-234). SIAM. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611975673.26

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Electronic Book Section	Author	Nguyen, Thi-Huyen Hoang, Tuan-Anh Nejdl, Wolfgang
	Year	2019
	Title	Efficient summarizing of evolving events from Twitter streams
	Editor	Berger-Wolf, T. Chawla, N.
	Book Title	Proceedings of the 2019 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining
	Publisher	SIAM
	Pages	226-234
	DOI	10.1137/1.9781611975673.26
	URL

Master's thesis, PhD dissertation

Fournier, S. (2007). Gestion des changements et systèmes d'informations pour le développement de produits complexes et personnalisés [Master's thesis, École Polytechnique de Montréal].

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Thesis	Author	Fournier, Sylvain
	Year	2007
	Title	Gestion des changements et systèmes d'informations pour le développement de produits complexes et personnalisés
	University	École Polytechnique de Montréal
	Thesis Type	Master's thesis
	DOI
	URL

⚊⚊> Retrieved in a database (Ex.: Proquest Dissertations & Theses)

Beguin, C. (2011). Modélisation des écoulements diphasiques: Amortissement, forces interfaciales et turbulence diphasique [Doctoral dissertation, École Polytechnique de Montréal]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. http://search.proquest.com/docview/898600503?accountid=40695

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Thesis	Author	Beguin, Cedric
	Year	2011
	Title	Modélisation des écoulements diphasiques: Amortissement, forces interfaciales et turbulence diphasique
	University	École Polytechnique de Montréal
	Thesis Type	Doctoral dissertation
	DOI
	URL	http://search.proquest.com/docview/898600503?accountid=40695

⚊⚊> Retrieved in an institutional repository or on the Internet

Abbaszadeh, S. (2019). Six-motor unmanned aerial vehicle design performance [Master's thesis, Concordia University]. Spectrum Research Repository. https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/985364/

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Thesis	Author	Abbaszadeh, Samaneh
	Year	2019
	Title	Six-motor unmanned aerial vehicle design performance
	University	Concordia University
	Thesis Type	Master's thesis
	DOI
	URL	https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/985364
	Name of Database	Spectrum Research Repository

⚊⚊> Unpublished dissertation or thesis

Morin, A. (2020). Title of thesis [Unpublished master's thesis]. Polytechnique Montreal.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Thesis	Author	Morin, Adam
	Year	2020
	Title	Title of thesis
	University
	Thesis Type	Unpublished master's thesis
	DOI
	URL
	Name of Database	Polytechnique Montreal

Technical report, research report, government report

De Santis, R. M. (2002). Enhanced tuning of industrial controllers via a dual loop pid form (Report No. EPM/RT 01-06). École Polytechnique de Montréal.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Report	Author	De Santis, Romano Mario
	Year	2002
	Title	Enhanced tuning of industrial controllers via a dual loop pid form
	Institution	École Polytechnique de Montréal
	Publisher
	Report Number	Report No. EPM/RT 01-06
	DOI
	URL

⚊⚊> Electronic

Environics Research Group. (2019). Canadians' awareness of and confidence in automated vehicles: Final report (Registration No. POR 073-18). Transport Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/tc/T46-60-2019-eng.pdf

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Report	Author	Environics Research Group,
	Year	2019
	Title	Canadians' awareness of and confidence in automated vehicles: Final report
	Institution	Transport Canada
	Publisher
	Report Number	Registration No. POR 073-18
	DOI
	URL	http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/tc/T46-60-2019-eng.pdf

⚊⚊> American patent (granted, in print or electronic version)

Schirmer, A., Rude, M., & Brubaker, S. (2012). Method for producing a fatty alcohol or fatty aldehyde (Patent No. US8268599). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US8268599B2/en

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Patent	Author	Schirmer, Andreas Rude, Mathew Brubaker, Shaneo
	Year	2012
	Title	Method for producing a fatty alcohol or fatty aldehyde
	Issuing Organization	U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,
	Patent Number	US8268599
	URL	https://patents.google.com/patent/US8268599B2/en

⚊⚊> Canadian patent (granted, in print or electronic version)

Cazzanti, L., Downs, O. B., & Danielson, M. G. (2020). Automated identification of device status and resulting dynamic modification of device operations (Patent No. CA3060877). Canadian Intellectual Property Office. https://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/3060877/summary.html?query=%283060877%29&type=advanced_search

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Patent	Author	Cazzanti, Luca Downs, Oliver B. Danielson, Matthew G.
	Year	2020
	Title	Automated identification of device status and resulting dynamic modification of device operations
	Issuing Organization	Canadian Intellectual Property Office,
	Patent Number	CA3060877
	URL	https://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/3060877/summary.html?query= %283060877%29&type=advanced_search

Canadian Standards Association. (2015). Canadian electrical code, part I: Safety standard for electrical installations (ACNOR Standard C22.1-15). CSA Group.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Standard	Institution	Canadian Standards Association,
	Year	2015
	Title	Canadian electrical code, part I: Safety standard for electrical installations
	Publisher	CSA Group
	Abbreviation	ACNOR
	Document Number	Standard C22.1-15
	DOI
	URL	https://patents.google.com/patent/US8268599B2/en

IEEE Power and Energy Society. (2018). IEEE Standard for the specification of microgrid controllers (IEEE Standard 2030.7-2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8340204

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Standard	Institution	IEEE Power and Energy Society,
	Year	2018
	Title	IEEE Standard for the specification of microgrid controllers
	Publisher
	Abbreviation	IEEE
	Document Number	Standard 2030.7-2017
	DOI	10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8340204
	URL

ASTM International. (2017). Standard test method for ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps or synthetic detergents (ASTM Standard D1767–(2017)). https://compass.astm.org/EDIT/html_annot.cgi?D1767+89(2017)

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Standard	Institution	ASTM International,
	Year	2017
	Title	Standard test method for ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps or synthetic detergents
	Publisher
	Abbreviation	ASTM
	Document Number	Standard D1767–(2017)
	DOI
	URL	https://compass.astm.org/EDIT/html_annot.cgi?D1767+89(2017)

PowerPoint presentation, lecture notes

⚊⚊> PowerPoint presentation retrieved on the Internet

Audevart, A. (2018). Big data, Hadoop & Spark [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/AlexiaAudevart/big-data-hadoop-spark-87171048

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author	Audevart, Alexia
	Year	2018
	Title	Big data, Hadoop & Spark
	Publisher	SlideShare
	Description	PowerPoint slides
	DOI
	URL	https://www.slideshare.net/AlexiaAudevart/big-data-hadoop-spark-87171048

⚊⚊> PowerPoint presentation retrieved on Moodle

Keraron, M. (2020). ELE3000 - La propriété intellectuelle: La connaître et l’utiliser à son avantage [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle@Polytechnique Montreal. https://moodle.polymtl.ca/

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author
	Year	2020
	Title	ELE3000 - La propriété intelectuelle: La connaître et l’utiliser à son avantage
	Publisher	Moodle@Polytechnique Montreal
	Description	PowerPoint slides
	DOI
	URL	https://moodle.polymtl.ca/

⚊⚊> Lecture notes and other documents retrieved on Moodle

ELE3000 - Siège auto pour bébé . (2020). Moodle@Polytechnique Montreal. https://moodle.polymtl.ca/

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author
	Year	2020
	Title	ELE3000 - Siège auto pour bébé
	Publisher	Moodle@Polytechnique Montreal
	Description
	DOI
	URL	https://moodle.polymtl.ca/

Web page (and not website)

Ministère du Développement durable, Environnement et Lutte contre les changements climatiques. (2016). Les gaz à effet de serre.   http://www.mddelcc.gouv.qc.ca/air/questce-ges.htm

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author	Ministère du Développement durable,, Environnement et Lutte contre les changements climatiques
	Year	2016
	Title	Les gaz à effet de serre
	Publisher
	Description
	DOI
	URL	http://www.mddelcc.gouv.qc.ca/air/questce-ges.htm

Thompson, L. (2020, June 29). The state of coral reefs in the Solomon Islands.  Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. https://www.livingoceansfoundation.org/the-state-of-coral-reefs-in-the-solomon-islands/

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Web Page	Author	Thompson, Liz
	Year	2020
	Title	The state of coral reefs in the Solomon Islands
	Publisher	Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation
	Last Update Date	June 29
	DOI
	URL	https://www.livingoceansfoundation.org/the-state-of-coral-reefs-in-the-solomon-islands/

Blog post, blog comment

Rouhi, S. (2019, December 4). “To preprint or not to preprint?” What’s the opportunity cost of early, non-peer-reviewed publicly available research? The Official PLOS Blog . https://theplosblog.plos.org/2019/12/to-preprint-or-not-to-preprint-whats-the-opportunity-cost-of-early-non-peer-reviewed-publicly-available-research/

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Blog Author Rouhi, Sara Year 2019 Title “To preprint or not to preprint?” What’s the opportunity cost of early, non-peer-reviewed publicly available research? Title of Weblog The Official PLOS Blog Date December 4 DOI URL https://theplosblog.plos.org/2019/12/to-preprint-or-not-to-preprint-whats-the-opportunity-cost-of-early-non-peer-reviewed-publicly-available-research/

Facebook post, Tweet

News from Science. (2020, June 20). Remote wilderness areas and national parks in the western United States are getting a dusting of plastic every year [Facebook post]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/posts/10157243217645108

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Social Media Username News from Science, Year 2020 Post Text Remote wilderness areas and national parks in the western United States are getting a dusting of plastic every year Handle Provider Facebook Post Date June 20 Type of Work Facebook post DOI URL https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/posts/10157243217645108

MIT Technology Review [@techreview]. (2020, June 24). "This is why we keep seeing race science emerging time and again," writes a research scientist at MIT  [Tweet]. X. https://twitter.com/techreview/status/1275705954479353857?s=20

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Social Media	Username	MIT Technology Review,
	Year	2020
	Post Text	"This is why we keep seeing race science emerging time and again," writes a research scientist at MIT
	Handle	@techreview
	Provider	X
	Post Date	June 24
	Type of Work	Tweet
	DOI
	URL	https://twitter.com/techreview/status/1275705954479353857?s=20

Software, mobile app, apparatus, equipment

Druide. (2020). Antidote (Version 10) [Computer software]. https://www.antidote.info/en/

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Computer Program Programmer Druide, Year 2020 Title Antidote Publisher Druide Version 10 Type Computer software DOI URL https://www.antidote.info/en/

Simple Design. (2020). Pedometer - Step counter free & calorie burner [Mobile App]. Google Play Store. https://tinyurl.com/yattsgmq

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Computer Program	Programmer	Simple Design,
	Year	2020
	Title	Pedometer - Step counter free & calorie burner
	Publisher	Google Play Store
	Version
	Type	Mobile App
	DOI
	URL	https://tinyurl.com/yattsgmq

Film, streaming video

⚊⚊> Film

Couture, P. (Director). (2008). Mort aux pesticides [Film]. CinéFête.

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Film or Broadcast	Director	Couture, Pierre
	Year Released	2008
	Title	Mort aux pesticides
	Producer	CinéFête
	Medium	Film
	DOI
	URL

⚊⚊> Streaming video (ex.: YouTube)

Guttag, J. (2011). MIT 6.00SC: Introduction to computer science and programming: Core elements of a program [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLvTCHhu5SE

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Film or Broadcast	Director	Guttag, John
	Year Released	2011
	Title	MIT 6.00SC: Introduction to computer science and programming: Core elements of a program
	Distributor	YouTube
	Producer
	Medium	Video
	DOI
	URL	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLvTCHhu5SE

Recorded interview

Prévost, M. (2013, August 18). Protection de l'eau potable [Interview]. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.radio-canada.ca/audio-video/pop.shtml#urlMedia=http://www.radio-canada.ca/Medianet/2013/CBF/LesAnneeslumiere201308181212_1.asx

Reference type in EndNote EndNote fields Information Interview Interviewee Prévost, Michèle Year 2013 Title Protection de l'eau potable Publisher Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Date August 18 DOI URL http://www.radio-canada.ca/audio-video/pop.shtml#urlMedia=http://www.radio-canada.ca/Medianet/2013/CBF/LesAnneeslumiere201308181212_1.asx

⦁ For 21 authors and more, APA requires mentioning the first 19 authors ... and the last. The APA7th_PolyMTL style for EndNote, because of EndNote's limitations, only mentions the first 6 authors ... and the last.

Hinton, T. J., Jallerat, Q., Palchesko, R. N., Park, J. H., Grodzicki, M. S., Shue, H.-J., . . . Feinberg, A. W. (2016). Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels [Data set]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tp4cp

Reference type in EndNote	EndNote fields	Information
Dataset	Investigators	Hinton, Thomas J. Jallerat, Quentin Palchesko, Rachelle N. Park, Joon Hyung Grodzicki, Martin S. Shue, Hao-Jan Ramadan, Mohamed H. Hudson, Andrew R. Feinberg, Adam W.
	Year	2016
	Title	Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels
	Distributor	Dryad
	DOI	10.5061/dryad.tp4cp
	Data Type	Data set
	URL

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EndNote Online

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EndNote Reference Examples

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The following examples show the fields required in EndNote Online for each reference type and an example in the ATU (Galway/Mayo) Harvard reference style.

	Book	Author Title Year Place Published Publisher Edition (if not 1st)	McLaney, E.J. and Atrill, P. (2020) . 10th edn. London: Pearson.
	Edited Book	Editor Title  Year Place published Publisher Edition (if not 1st)	Peate, I. (ed.) (2021) . 4th edn. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
	Book section	Author Title Year Editor Book Title Place Published Publisher Pages Edition (if not 1st)	Lowman, R. (2019) 'Ethics and Assessment Centres', in S. Schlebusch and G. Roodt (eds.) . 2nd edn. Randburg: KR Publishing, pp. 61-76.
	Electronic book	Author Title Year Place Published Publisher Edition (if not 1st) DOI Date accessed URL	Dukelow, F. and Considine, M. (2017) . 2nd edn. Bristol: Bristol University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t89cg8.    Iyer, N. (2021) . London: Bloomsbury India.
	Blog	Author Title of entry Year Title of WebLog Date URL Access date	Hanley, M. (2020) 'Winter solstice at Newgrange, Ireland', , 21 December. Available at: https://michaelhanley.ie/elearningcurve/winter-solstice-newgrange-ireland/ (Accessed 30 April 2021].
	Report	Author Title Year Place published Institution Report number Access date URL	Gaelic Athletic Association (2023) . Dublin: DBA Publications. Available at: https://www.gaa.ie/news/gaa-report-healthy-financial-year/ (Accessed: 15 January 2024).
	Conference paper	Author Title Year Conference name Conference location Date Place Published Publisher Pages DOI	Deacon, L. and Ní Fhloinn, E. (2023) 'Online synchronous maths support attendance post-Covid', , Dublin (Ireland), 13-14 October. Dublin: Dublin City University, pp. 124-131. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10062556.
	Conference proceeding	Author Editor Title  Year of conference Series title Conference name Conference location Place published Publisher Pages DOI or URL Date	Corcoran, P. (ed.) (2023) . Galway (Ireland), 30 August - 1 September. Dublin: Irish Pattern Recognition and Classification Society. Available at: https://iprcs.github.io/pdf/IMVIP2023_Proceeding.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2024).
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages Date accessed  URL or DOI	Gouveia, L., McGarraghy, S. and Brugha, C.M. (2021) 'Feature Cluster: Proceedings of the Thirtieth European Conference on Operational Research (EURO 2019) Introduction', , 291(3), p. 807. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.02.011.
	Conference paper	Author Title Year Conference name Conference location Date URL Access date	HUSSAIN, A., 2019. 'The creative case for diversity', In: . Galway, 27-28 March 2019. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].   Edit reference to add in URL and viewed date as it does not appear.
	Dataset	Investigators Title  Year Date type URL Access date	HEALTH SERVICE EXECUTIVE, 2017.  , [Dataset]. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].
	Book section	Author Title Year Editor Book title Place published Publisher Pages	SOMMER, W. & SCHOENFELD, H.M., 2019. 'Absentee'. In Berlin: De Gruyter, p. 14.
	Report	Title Year  Pages Publisher Report number	'Council Directive (EU) 2020/1151 amending Directive 92/83/EEC on the harmonization of the structures of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic beverages' 2020   L256, pp. 1-10.
	Pamphlet	Author Title Year Publisher Place Published Type of work	CHESTER BEATTY, 2020.   [exhibition catalogue]. Exhibition held at the Chester Beatty Library, 14 June 2019 - 26 January 2020. Dublin: Chester Beatty Library.   Edit reference to add in location and date of the exhibition.
	Online Multimedia	Created by Title  Year Date cited Date accessed Type of work URL	WEEE IRELAND, 2021.   [Facebook]. 25 March. Available from:   [Viewed 6 May 2021].
	Film or Broadcast	Director Title Year released Country Distributor Medium	2019 [Film]. Directed by Greta Gerwig. USA: Columbia Pictures.
	Webpage	Author Title Year Place published Publisher Access date URL	IRELAND. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 2021.  . Dublin: Stationery Office. Available from:   [Viewed 4 May 2021].   Enter Author with 2 commas after Ireland like this: Ireland,, Department of Health
	Select relevant source: Journal article Book  Book Chapter Website	Add in 'Type of Medium' (i.e. fig., table, image)	CHAUDHARY, K., 2020. [Fig.]. Oakville, ON: Delve Publishing. CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE, 2021. [table]. CSO. Available from: [Viewed 27 May 2021].
	Online multimedia	Created by Title  Year Distributor Date accessed Type of work URL	MACENTEE, S., 2015.   [Photograph]. Flickr. Available from:    [Viewed 11 January 2021].   Distributor = Flickr; Type of work = Photograph
		Artist Title Year Date Type of work URL Access date	BURNELL, N.J., 2019.   [Photograph]. 26 November. Available from:   [Viewed 22 March 2021].   Could also use 'Online multimedia' reference type. Enter date of image manually in your reference (i.e. 26 November)
	Journal article	Author Title Year Journal Volume Issue  Pages Date	O'MEARA, N., PRENDERGAST, M. & TREACY, P., 2020. 'What's the point? Impact of Ireland's bonus points initiative on student profile in mathematics classrooms'.   30 (4)  pp. 1418-1441.
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages Date accessed  URL or DOI	HUGHES, N., 2021. 'Higher Education and Desistance From Crime'. [Online], 9 (1), Available from: [Viewed 6 September 2021].
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages E-Pub Date DOI	KENNY, S. & LENNARD, J., 2018. 'Monetary aggregates for Ireland, 1840–1921'.  [Online], 71 (4), pp. 1249-1269.
	Journal article	Author Title Year Journal Volume Issue  Article number Date	LV, Y.Z. & LI, Z.K., 2022. 'Is fully distributed adaptive protocol applicable to graphs containing a directed spanning tree?'. 65 (8) August, article number: 189203.   Edit reference to add in article number.
	Electronic article	Author Title Year Periodical title Volume Issue  Pages E-Pub Date DOI or URL Access date	CAMPEDELLI, G.M. & D’ORSOGNA, M.R., 2021. 'Temporal clustering of disorder events during the COVID-19 pandemic'. [Preprint], 16 (4), e0250433. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.06458v2 [Viewed 7 September 2021].   Edit reference to add in [Preprint] after Journal Title.
	Case	Case name Year decided Reporter volume Reporter abbreviation First page	[1999] 3 I.R. 1.
	Unpublished work	Author Title of work Year Series Title Institution Type of work URL Access date	HUGHES, M., 2011. 'Exam techniques' [lecture notes].  . Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. Available from:   [viewed 6 May 2021].
	Unpublished work	Author Title of work Year Series Title Institution Type of work	JAMES, P., 2007. 'An introduction to law'.  . Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, unpublished.
	Map	Cartographer Title Year Series Title Place published Publisher Type Scale Call number	ORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND, 1999.    Sheet 30, 1:50,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland. (Discovery Series).
	Web page	Author Title Year Access date URL	MINTEL, 2022. . Available from: [Viewed 17 January 2023].
	Music	Composer Title Year Album title URL Access date	KODALINE 2020. ‘Say something’.  Available from:   [Viewed 7 May 2021].   Edit reference to add in URL and viewed date.
	Generic	Author Title Year Place published Publisher Type of work	O’DONOVAN, J., 1959.    [Microfilm].  Dublin: National University of Ireland.    Edit reference to add in 'type of work' e.g. Microfilm.
	Newspaper article	Reporter Title Year Newspaper Pages Issue date	BURNS, S., 2021. 'College student's sneaker cleaning business is a runner'.  . 30 March, p. 3. Access date MURPHY, P., 2021. 'Ireland’s sculptures: Where are the women?'.  The Irish Times . 21 April. Available from:  https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/visual-art/ireland-s-sculptures-where-are-the-women-1.4539459  [Viewed 25 May 2021]. Edit reference to add in 'URL' and 'Date accessed'. Series title Date recorded Date accessed Type of work Year released Distributor Date released Liveline,  2021 RTE Radio 1. 24 May 13:45. Available from:  https://www.rte.ie/radio/radioplayer/html5/#/radio1/21957668  [Viewed 25 May 2021]. Edit reference to delete title repeated after year of publication and add in 'URL' and 'Access date'. Series Title DOYLE, M., 2021. Communication through body language [Recorded lecture]. Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Available from: https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/12345 [Viewed 10 May 2021]. Institution Place published NATIONAL STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF IRELAND, 2015. IS EN ISO 14644-1: Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments. Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration . Dublin: National Standards Authority of Ireland. Name of Act Statute number ACAMPORA, H., 2017.  Interactions between seabirds and pollution in Irish waters.  Ph.D. Thesis, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. Available from:  https://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/2214  [viewed 19 April 2021]. Edit reference to add in 'URL' and 'Access date'. TOLU_IBIXX, 2021.  Dublin TikTokers with Nigerian heritage do hilarious take on accent challenge  [TikTok]. 15 April. Available from:  https://www.tiktok.com/@tolu_ibixx?lang=en%22  [Viewed 5 May 2021]. Síle Seoige: Deireadh Tochta .  2021. TG4. 7 April: 20.00. Edit reference to have name of programme appear once (as above). ‘Iarnród Enda’.  2021.  Ennis to Kilkee,  Series 1, episode 3. RTE 1, 19 April, 20.30. Edit reference to have name of programme appear once (as above) and replace with name of episode, series number and episode number.. NOLAN, B., 2021.  Pretty pastel swirls grace the sky as #twilight subsumes the #sunset, lifting yellow, blue, cream, ochre, and violet hues off the artist’s palette, creating Mother Nature’s spring wardrobe, this evening at Barna  [Twitter]. 7 April. Available from:  https://twitter.com/GalwayWalks  [Viewed 6 May 2021]. Edit reference to ​​​​insert date before URL.  ATU CHANNEL, 2021.  ATU Virtual Choir performs Bohemian Rhapsody  [Online video]. Available from:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7NXIv53jyQ  [Viewed 4 May 2021]. Edit reference to make title in italics.  << Previous: Adding in References Next: Referencing Styles and Bibliography >> Last Updated: Jul 3, 2024 4:08 PM URL: https://atlantictu.libguides.com/endnote Have a language expert improve your writing Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free. Knowledge Base Citing sources What Are Endnotes? | Guide with Examples Published on March 29, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on June 7, 2022. Endnotes are notes that appear at the end of your text in a piece of academic writing. They’re indicated in the text with numbers (or occasionally other symbols). Endnotes are used: For citations in certain styles To add extra information that doesn’t fit smoothly into the main text Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes Table of contents Endnotes vs. footnotes, how to use endnotes, endnotes in chicago style, endnotes in apa style, endnotes in mla style, how to insert endnotes in word, frequently asked questions about footnotes and endnotes. Endnotes are sometimes confused with footnotes . Footnotes are also used to provide citations and/or supplementary information, but they appear at the bottom of the relevant page instead of all together at the end. Clutter your writing less than footnotes, since they’re all grouped together instead of spread throughout the text Are less convenient, since the reader has to flip to the back to read the notes Are convenient, since the reader finds the additional information on the same page as the relevant part of the text Can make your text appear messy, especially if there are a lot of them You should usually choose either footnotes or endnotes and use them consistently. Your instructor may tell you which style of note to use. Don't submit your assignments before you do this The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students. Free citation check included. Try for free Endnote numbers appear at the end of the clause or sentence the endnote relates to. The number appears after any punctuation, unless the clause ends with an em dash, in which case it appears before it. There’s no space added after the number. The general consensus now—though there are dissenting voices 1 —is that this experiment was simply too methodologically flawed to produce valid results. 2 Endnotes are numbered consecutively in the order they appear in your text. Each note has a unique number; don’t repeat the same number even if you cite the same source more than once. In Chicago notes and bibliography style , you use endnotes (or footnotes) for citations. Either kind of note can also be used to add extra information: further examples, commentary on the sources you cite, or more detailed discussion of ideas you mention in the text. Place your Chicago endnotes at the end of the relevant clause or sentence. A citation endnote provides full information about a source the first time you cite it, and shortened information for any further citations of that source.                     1. Hanna Pickard, “What Is Personality Disorder?” Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 18, no. 3 (September 2011): 182. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2011.0040.           2. Pickard, “What Is Personality Disorder?” 182. You should still include a full list of your sources in a bibliography after the endnotes, unless you’re writing a very short paper and have been told you don’t need to. The endnotes page appears just before the bibliography and starts with the title “Notes” written in bold and centered. The notes themselves are formatted as follows: Leave a blank line between endnotes, and single-space the notes themselves. Indent the start of each endnote. Write the note numbers in normal text, not superscript, followed by a period and then a space. Either endnotes or footnotes may be used in APA Style to provide additional information. They’re not used for citation; for that you’ll use APA in-text citations instead. APA endnotes are used to provide copyright attributions where necessary. They can also be used, for example, to elaborate on ideas in the text or provide further examples. Do this sparingly, however; APA cautions against adding unnecessary details. 1 Copyright 2022 by Scribbr. Reprinted with permission.         2 Admittedly, the issue is not as straightforward as this brief summary suggests. See Prakash (2019) for a more in-depth consideration of … Endnotes appear on a separate page after the reference list , with the heading “Footnotes” (confusingly, APA doesn’t use the term “endnotes”) in bold and centered at the top. The notes are written as double-spaced indented paragraphs. Start each note with its number, in superscript and followed by a space. Scribbr Citation Checker New The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as: Missing commas and periods Incorrect usage of “et al.” Ampersands (&) in narrative citations Missing reference entries MLA in-text citations appear in parentheses in the text, but you can use endnotes to avoid cluttering the text if you need a lot of citations in one place. MLA endnotes may also be used to provide additional information—any necessary clarifications, further examples, or expansions of ideas covered briefly in the text.       1 See James 35; Lanning 15–25; and Johnson 77.        2 Other nations, including Italy and France, were undergoing similar political convulsions during the same period. List your endnotes on a separate page before the Works Cited list, and title them either “Notes” or “Endnotes.” Indent the first line of each endnote, and start the note with the number in superscript followed by a space. Endnotes should be double-spaced. It’s straightforward to insert endnotes automatically in many word processors, including Microsoft Word. Just follow these steps: Click on the point in the text where you want the endnote number to appear. Open the “References” tab at the top, and click on “Insert Endnote.” Type something in the endnote that appears at the end of your document. But if you’re following one of the styles covered above, do adjust the formatting to match their requirements and add a heading for the endnotes page. Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page they refer to. This is convenient for the reader but may cause your text to look cluttered if there are a lot of footnotes. Endnotes appear all together at the end of the whole text. This may be less convenient for the reader but reduces clutter. Both footnotes and endnotes are used in the same way: to cite sources or add extra information. You should usually choose one or the other to use in your text, not both. To insert endnotes in Microsoft Word, follow the steps below: Click on the spot in the text where you want the endnote to show up. In the “References” tab at the top, select “Insert Endnote.” Type whatever text you want into the endnote. If you need to change the type of notes used in a Word document from footnotes to endnotes , or the other way around, follow these steps: Open the “References” tab, and click the arrow in the bottom-right corner of the “Footnotes” section. In the pop-up window, click on “Convert…” Choose the option you need, and click “OK.” Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Caulfield, J. (2022, June 07). What Are Endnotes? | Guide with Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/endnotes/ Is this article helpful? Jack Caulfield Other students also liked, what are footnotes | guide with word instructions, the basics of in-text citation | apa & mla examples, citation styles guide | examples for all major styles, what is your plagiarism score. The University of Otago Library has re-designed its Subject Guides system. Please let us know what you think by filling out this survey. Writing your thesis using EndNote Managing your library Moving your library Combining chapters Ask a librarian. If you have a question or need any help feel free to ask a librarian. You can email us at  [email protected] or call us at (04) 385-5561. FAQ Which browsers do you support? The site supports the latest version of all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Safari), however make sure you have JavaScript enabled. Here are instructions to enabling JavaScript in your browser . There is an error on the site, how do I let you know? Please email any errors or feedback to [email protected] . If you still can't find your answer then please email us at [email protected] or call us at (04) 385-5561. Tel 64 4 385 5914 Email  [email protected] View address and map Wellington Medical & Health Sciences Library University of Otago, Wellington 23A Mein Street, Newtown Wellington 6021 Convert citations to Unformatted Citations Make a copy of each chapter, e.g. chapter1-copy.doc; chapter2-copy.doc. Open each document (chapter1-copy.doc, etc.) in Word, and from the EndNote menu in Word select the Convert Citations and Bibliography and then Convert to Unformatted Citations command. This will remove the bibliography at the end of each chapter and change the references in the text into their unformatted form Save each document Combine the documents (chapters) Open chapter1-copy.doc in Word. Then open chapter2-copy.doc and select the whole document (Ctrl+A), copy it and paste it at the end of chapter1-copy.doc. Continue copying and pasting each chapter in order at the end of chapter1-copy.doc, until the whole thesis is in one document. Do not include any Appendices at this point. Rename chapter1-copy.doc to thesis-master.doc This is the master copy of your thesis, and any subsequent changes should be made to this document. Save this document. Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations and Bibliography command. EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single bibliography at the end of the thesis. This may take some time if it is a long thesis, and uses an author-date style such as APA. Save the changes. Add Appendices at the end. Save the changes. << Previous: Formatting Last Updated: Aug 15, 2024 4:44 PM URL: https://otago.libguides.com/uow/writing-thesis-endnote Vancouver referencing style About Vancouver referencing style Additional referencing information EndNote and Vancouver referencing Reference list / Bibliography In-text citations Indirect citation / Secondary source ChatGPT and other generative AI tools Dictionaries / Encyclopaedias Specialised health resources Journal articles Conferences Government / Reports Thesis - print Thesis retrieved from fulltext database or internet. Other Internet sources Social media Pamphlets / Brochures / Package inserts Lecture notes Audiovisual material Personal communication Legal material Tables / Figures / Images / Appendices Elements of the citation Author - family name followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Note:  - insert "dissertation" for a PhD and              - insert "master's thesis" for a master's degree Reference list In-text reference The research is support by Kay (1)... EndNote reference type Thesis field: enter - type of thesis Elements of the citation Author - family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date – year month day]. Available from: URL for [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]            - insert "d for a PhD            - insert "m  for a master's degree Reference list In-text reference The research... EndNote reference type Thesis   << Previous: Government / Reports Next: Webpages >> Last Updated: Aug 5, 2024 4:04 PM URL: https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/vancouver University Libraries Contact a Librarian Databases A-Z Guides by Subject Resources by Type Find Books & Articles Government Information Iowa Digital Library Iowa Research Online Special Collections & University Archives Iowa Women's Archives Course Reserves Office Delivery Borrowing From Another Library & Document Delivery Undergraduate Research Services (The SEAM) Research Consultations Instructional Services Research Data Services Open Educational Resources Distance Education Scholarly Publishing & Copyright More services... Check My Account Renew My Books My Interlibrary Loan Recommend Library Purchase EndNote Basic Departments Collection Management Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Publications, Plans & Reports Make a Gift History of the Library For the Media Research Guides & Tutorials Directions & Maps Assistance for Users with Disabilities All Campus Libraries Learning Commons Main Library Gallery Art Library Business Library Engineering Library Health Sciences Library Law Library Music Library Sciences Library Contact a Librarian or the UI Libraries Staff directory by name Staff directory by organizational unit Campus Libraries Citation Help: Dissertations & Theses Getting Started Audio/Visual Business Reports and Gray Literature Dissertations & Theses Conference Sessions & Presentations Web Pages and Social Media Data Sets, Software & Tests In-text Citation Audio / Video Business Reports Dissertations & Theses Meetings & Symposia Interviews & Other Source Types Dictionaries & Encyclopedias Websites, Including Social Media Other Source Types Dataset Citations Engineering Citation Law Citation Formats Health & Medical Citation Formats Music Citation Formats Science Citation Styles Annotated Bibliographies Other Citation Managers Citation Builders A quick note: The following examples follow the Notes-Bibliography style. For Author-Date style, please consult The Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition. Chicago AND Turabian Citation Examples: Dissertations & Theses Chicago and Turabian use the exact same format for citing dissertations and theses. Important Elements: Author  Title of Dissertation or Thesis Type of Document (Dissertation or Thesis) Name of Degree Granting Institution Thesis or dissertation 1. Author First Last, "Title of Dissertation or Theis" (Doctoral diss. or Master's Thesis, Name of Institution, Year), pp.-pp. 1. Dana S. Levin, "Let's Talk about Sex . . . Education: Exploring Youth Perspectives, Implicit Messages, and Unexamined Implications of Sex Education in Schools" (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2010), 101-2. Shortened note 2. Author Last, "Shortened Title," pp. 2. Levin, "Let's Talk about Sex," 98. Bibliography Entry Author Last, First. "Title of Dissertation or Thesis." Doctoral diss. or Master's Thesis, Name of Institution, Year. Levin, Dana S. "Let's Talk about Sex . . . Education: Exploring Youth Perspectives, Implicit Messages, and Unexamined Implications of Sex Education in Schools." PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2010. Examples courtesy of  The Turabian 8th edition . Chicago/Turabian Examples by Source    Articles    Audio & Video    Books    Dictionaries & Encyclopedias    Dissertations & Theses    Websites, Including Social Media    Other Source Types Ask a Librarian Librarians are available to help you with your questions. Please don't hesitate to contact us with any questions you might have regarding citation styles, citation management, etc. Ask a question below or contact your subject specialist librarian for more help! Useful Resources for Chicago/Turabian Check out the  Chicago Manual of Style's Shop Talk website  for more great information about using the Chicago Manual of Style through the links below! Shop Talk for Students Formatting a paper in Chicago Style What's the difference between Chicago and Turabian?!? << Previous: Dictionaries & Encyclopedias Next: Websites, Including Social Media >> Last Updated: Jul 19, 2024 4:24 PM URL: https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/citationhelp Deutschland United Kingdom Revisión en inglés Relecture en anglais Revisão em inglês Manuscript Editing Research Paper Editing Lektorat Doktorarbeit Dissertation Proofreading Englisches Lektorat Journal Manuscript Editing Scientific Manuscript Editing Services Book Manuscript Editing PhD Thesis Proofreading Services Wissenschaftslektorat Korektura anglického textu Akademisches Lektorat Journal Article Editing Manuscript Editing Services PhD Thesis Editing Medical Editing Sciences Proofreading Rates UK Medical Proofreading PhD Proofreading Academic Proofreading PhD Proofreaders Best Dissertation Proofreaders Masters Dissertation Proofreading Proofreading PhD Thesis Price PhD Dissertation Editing Lektorat Englisch Preise Lektorieren Englisch Wissenschaftliches Lektorat Thesis Proofreading Services PhD Thesis Proofreading Proofreading Thesis Cost Proofreading Thesis Thesis Editing Services Professional Thesis Editing PhD Thesis Editing Services Thesis Editing Cost Dissertation Proofreading Services Proofreading Dissertation PhD Dissertation Proofreading Dissertation Proofreading Cost Dissertation Proofreader Correção de Artigos Científicos Correção de Trabalhos Academicos Serviços de Correção de Inglês Correção de Dissertação Correção de Textos Precos Revision en Ingles Revision de Textos en Ingles Revision de Tesis Revision Medica en Ingles Revision de Tesis Precio Revisão de Artigos Científicos Revisão de Trabalhos Academicos Serviços de Revisão de Inglês Revisão de Dissertação Revisão de Textos Precos Corrección de Textos en Ingles Corrección de Tesis Corrección de Tesis Precio Corrección Medica en Ingles Corrector ingles Choosing the right Journal Journal Editor’s Feedback Dealing with Rejection Quantitative Research Examples Number of scientific papers published per year Acknowledgements Example ISO, ANSI, CFR & Other Types of Peer Review Withdrawing a Paper What is a good h-index Appendix paper Cover Letter Templates Writing an Article How To Write the Findings Abbreviations: ‘Ibid.’ & ‘Id.’ Sample letter to editor for publication Tables and figures in research paper Journal Metrics Revision Process of Journal Publishing JOURNAL GUIDELINES Select Page In-Text References, Footnotes, Endnotes, Tables & Figures in PhD Theses Posted by Rene Tetzner | Oct 5, 2021 | PhD Success | 0 | 1.2.6 In-Text References, Footnotes and/or Endnotes References to the sources cited and/or quoted in a thesis should appear throughout the thesis. Depending on the discipline, university and department guidelines and the requirements of the individual thesis, in-text citations may take the form of numerical references, be based on the last names of authors (usually along with publication dates) or appear in footnotes or endnotes. Footnotes and endnotes can also be used to provide a wide variety of material beyond bibliographical references, such as summaries of the scholarship on a topic, suggestions for further reading, alternative or contradictory editions and arguments, and further details on anything discussed in the main text. Both kinds of notes are usually indicated by superscript Arabic numerals, with the numbering often beginning again at the start of each chapter, and the notes themselves are generally set in a slightly smaller font than that of the main text of a thesis. Footnotes appear at the bottom of the relevant pages, but endnotes can appear either at the end of each chapter or in the final matter of the thesis. For more information on footnotes, endnotes and in-text references, see Sections 1.4 and 3.4 as well as Chapter 7. 1.3 Tables and Figures The tables and figures included in a thesis will often appear in the main body of the thesis with each one placed as close as possible to the discussion of it in the text, or to the report or description it enhances or illustrates. This is not always the case, however: some universities, departments, thesis committees and doctoral candidates will want tables and figures placed at the end of the thesis (or the tables and figures for each chapter placed at the end of that chapter), which simplifies the layout of the text itself and is particularly appropriate for especially long tables or large figures. In some cases, certain tables and figures might be embedded in the main body of the thesis while others will be tacked on at the end. As a general rule, each table or figure should be able to stand on its own, which is to say that all the information necessary to understand the table or figure without recourse to other parts of the thesis should be provided in the context of the table or figure. For guidance on designing, incorporating and listing tables and figures, see Sections 1.1.8 and 1.1.9 and Sections 4.4.1 and 4.6. 1.3.1 Tables Tables consist of columns and rows and are used to present data in a visually effective way that more readily allows for comprehension, calculation and/or comparison than describing the same data in text could. Tables should be numbered, usually with Arabic numerals (Roman numerals or letters are much rarer), in the order in which they are first mentioned in the thesis (see Section 4.6.1 for advice on numbering tables that appear in appendices), and each table should bear a title or main heading that indicates exactly what the table shows. Each table must be referred to in the text by its number along with some indication of what the reader will find in the table, and the tables themselves should appear in their order of mention whether they are embedded in the text or placed at the end of a chapter or the end of the thesis as a whole. Headings on columns and rows within a table define the data presented and, if necessary, notes at the bottom explain aspects that might otherwise be unclear to readers, such as abbreviations and probability values. There may be specific university or department guidelines for the use and layout of tables, but, generally speaking, clarity, accuracy and consistency are the keys to well-designed tables. 1.3.2 Figures Figures take many forms including charts, graphs, plots, boxes, photographs, drawings and maps that illustrate or clarify aspects of the research and results presented in a thesis. Like tables, figures should be numbered with Arabic numerals (more rarely Roman numerals or letters) in the order in which they are first mentioned in the thesis (see Section 4.6.1 for advice on numbering figures that appear in appendices), and each figure should bear a caption describing exactly what the figure shows. Each figure should also be referred to in the text by its number along with some indication of what the reader will find in the figure, and the figures themselves should appear in their order of mention, whether they are embedded in the text or placed at the end of a chapter or the end of the thesis as a whole. Labelling within a figure identifies aspects of the illustration, a key can be used to provide scales and define tints, and explanatory notes for abbreviations and the like can be included in either the caption or a legend. University or department requirements should always be consulted for specific guidance on the use and format of figures, but as a general rule, an attractive appearance clearly incorporating all the information needed to enable the reader’s comprehension of its significance is central to the design of a successful figure. 1.4 Final and Supplementary Matter 1.4.1 Appendices Appendices (occasionally called appendixes or annexes) are not required in a thesis, but they may certainly be used if necessary. Material that supports or is closely related to the information provided in the main body of a thesis but too long or detailed to be included there or in notes, or material relevant to more than one chapter or section of a thesis is usually placed in an appendix unless university or department requirements do not allow appendices. Appendices sometimes appear in a slightly smaller font than the main text of a thesis and are often labelled with uppercase letters (‘A,’ ‘B,’ ‘C,’ etc.) rather than numbers, but Arabic or Roman numerals are also acceptable.  Each appendix should be referred to by its letter or number in the thesis along with some indication of what the reader will find in the appendix, and the appendices themselves should be arranged according to the order of mention. Appendices always appear in the final matter and generally precede any endnotes as well as the reference list, but in some fields the appendices will be the last items in a thesis. For more information on appendices, see Sections 3.5.3 and 4.6.1. 1.4.2 Endnotes If endnotes are used instead of footnotes for references in the main text of a thesis, for supplementary material or for a combination of both, they appear at the end of the thesis before the list of references or at the end of each chapter. If they are placed at the end of each chapter, the layout clearly indicates to which chapter the notes apply, but if they appear at the end of the thesis, headings within the endnotes should indicate to which chapter each group of notes apply. Endnotes often use a font slightly smaller than that of the main text of the thesis and are usually indicated by superscript Arabic numerals, but if both footnotes and endnotes are necessary (the first for supplementary material, for instance, and the second for textual notes), different indicators should be used for the two kinds of notes (superscript Arabic numerals for footnotes, for example, and bracketed Arabic numerals for endnotes). For more information on endnotes, see Section 1.2.6 above and Sections 3.4 and 7.2.3 below. 1.4.3 List of References, List of Works Cited or Bibliography Every thesis requires a list of the sources used while writing the thesis, usually even if full bibliographical references are provided in footnotes or endnotes. A list of references or works cited normally contains only those sources actually cited in the thesis, whereas a bibliography can also contain any additional sources consulted. The list is usually arranged either alphabetically (by the last names of authors) or numerically, depending on the referencing system used, although it can also be subdivided into sections with headings such as ‘Primary Sources,’ ‘Secondary Literature’ and ‘Randomised Controlled Trials.’ Disciplines and departments tend to prefer specific referencing systems and styles, so do check any relevant guidelines and follow them carefully. Accuracy and thoroughness are paramount in reference lists, and, as much as possible, the style and content of the references should remain consistent throughout the list. For more information on lists of references, see Section 3.5.4 and Chapter 7 below. PRS Tip: If you find that you are having difficulties designing an appropriate structure for your thesis, your supervisor and perhaps other members of your thesis committee should be able to help you determine the topics, chapters, sections and, more generally, material that are required for your discipline and department. Your department may have guidelines or templates outlining the structure of doctoral theses that will prove helpful, so do check into this, and if not, looking at successful theses that have recently been completed in your department to determine how they are organised can provide sound examples. You may also find it helpful, however, to send an early draft of your thesis or proposal chapters to PRS for proofreading. PRS not only uses professional proofreaders who specialise in a wide range of academic and scientific areas, but can also provide proofreaders who work primarily on doctoral theses. Such proofreaders are well versed in what theses in different disciplines should contain and how they should be arranged, and they are also able to read your work within the broad context of the many doctoral theses they encounter each month. Their advice should not, of course, take precedence over that of your supervisor and committee members, who are experts in your area of study and usually also examiners of your thesis, but the objective perspective of a professional proofreader who is familiar with academic and scientific writing and alert to details of all kinds can be immensely helpful. You can also send along with your work any instructions you may have been given regarding the structure and organisation of your thesis so that your proofreader can help you tailor your thesis with precision. Why PhD Success? To Graduate Successfully This article is part of a book called "PhD Success" which focuses on the writing process of a phd thesis, with its aim being to provide sound practices and principles for reporting and formatting in text the methods, results and discussion of even the most innovative and unique research in ways that are clear, correct, professional and persuasive. The assumption of the book is that the doctoral candidate reading it is both eager to write and more than capable of doing so, but nonetheless requires information and guidance on exactly what he or she should be writing and how best to approach the task. The basic components of a doctoral thesis are outlined and described, as are the elements of complete and accurate scholarly references, and detailed descriptions of writing practices are clarified through the use of numerous examples. The basic components of a doctoral thesis are outlined and described, as are the elements of complete and accurate scholarly references, and detailed descriptions of writing practices are clarified through the use of numerous examples. PhD Success provides guidance for students familiar with English and the procedures of English universities, but it also acknowledges that many theses in the English language are now written by candidates whose first language is not English, so it carefully explains the scholarly styles, conventions and standards expected of a successful doctoral thesis in the English language. Individual chapters of this book address reflective and critical writing early in the thesis process; working successfully with thesis supervisors and benefiting from commentary and criticism; drafting and revising effective thesis chapters and developing an academic or scientific argument; writing and formatting a thesis in clear and correct scholarly English; citing, quoting and documenting sources thoroughly and accurately; and preparing for and excelling in thesis meetings and examinations.  Completing a doctoral thesis successfully requires long and penetrating thought, intellectual rigour and creativity, original research and sound methods (whether established or innovative), precision in recording detail and a wide-ranging thoroughness, as much perseverance and mental toughness as insight and brilliance, and, no matter how many helpful writing guides are consulted, a great deal of hard work over a significant period of time. Writing a thesis can be an enjoyable as well as a challenging experience, however, and even if it is not always so, the personal and professional rewards of achieving such an enormous goal are considerable, as all doctoral candidates no doubt realise, and will last a great deal longer than any problems that may be encountered during the process. Interested in Proofreading your PhD Thesis? Get in Touch with us If you are interested in proofreading your PhD thesis or dissertation, please explore our expert dissertation proofreading services. Rene Tetzner Rene Tetzner's blog posts dedicated to academic writing. Although the focus is on How To Write a Doctoral Thesis, many other important aspects of research-based writing, editing and publishing are addressed in helpful detail. Related Posts PhD Success – How To Write a Doctoral Thesis October 1, 2021 Table of Contents – PhD Success October 2, 2021 The Essential – Preliminary Matter October 3, 2021 The Main Body of the Thesis October 4, 2021 Maintenance work is planned from 21:00 BST on Sunday 18th August 2024 to 21:00 BST on Monday 19th August 2024, and on Thursday 29th August 2024 from 11:00 to 12:00 BST. During this time the performance of our website may be affected - searches may run slowly, some pages may be temporarily unavailable, and you may be unable to log in or to access content. If this happens, please try refreshing your web browser or try waiting two to three minutes before trying again. We apologise for any inconvenience this might cause and thank you for your patience. Green Chemistry Visible light-induced cobalt-catalyzed 1,3-diphosphination of alkenes. 1,3-Difunctionalization of alkenes, as a novel way for the modern development of alkene transformations, has drawn significant research attention in recent years. Herein, we disclose a novel cobalt-catalyzed radical 1,3-diphosphination of alkenes, which enables straightforward access 1,3-diphosphine skeleton compounds under mild conditions without additional oxidants and photosensitizers. This transformation features excellent functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, high atom economy, and is amenable for late-stage functionalization of complex molecule skeletons. Preliminary bioactivity studies reveal that these valuable 1,3-diphosphine products show potential antitumor activity. Supplementary files Supplementary information PDF (10122K) Article information Download citation, permissions. W. Shan, Z. Wang, C. Gao, X. Li, W. Zhuang, R. Liu, C. Shi, H. Qin, X. Li and D. Shi, Green Chem. , 2024, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4GC02737J To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page . If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page . Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content . Social activity Search articles by author. This article has not yet been cited. Advertisements A Mathematical Theory of Communication with Graphs and Symbols This work will introduce a channel conceptualization and possible coding scheme for Graph-and-Symbol (GS) Communication. While Claude Shannon’s mathematical model for communication employed graphs to describe relationships and confusability among traditional time-sequenced signals, little work as been done to describe non-linear communication with graphs where we transmit and receive physical structures of information. The principal contribution of this work is to introduce a mathematical framework for communication with graphs which have symbols assigned to vertices. This looks like a molecule, and so we may think of these messages as coded forms of molecular communication. At this time, many problems in this area will (and may remain) computationally intractable, but as the field of graph theory continues to develop, new tools and techniques may emerge to solve standing problems in this new subfield of communication. Graphs present two difficulties: first, they contain ambiguities among their vertices and do not have an a priori canonical ordering, and second, the relationships among graphs lack structural regularities which we see in traditional error control coding lattices. There are no Galois fields to exploit over graph-based codes as we have with cyclic codes, for example. Furthermore, the shear number of graphs of order n grows so rapidly that it is difficult to account for the neighborhoods around codewords and effectively reduce communication errors which may occur. The more asymmetric a graph is, the more orderings on symbols it can support. However, asymmetries complicate the computation of channel transition probabilities, which are the cornerstone of all communication theory. In the prologue, the reader will be introduced to a new educational tool for designing traditional binary cyclic codes. 1 through 10 will detail the development of Graph-and-Symbol (GS) Commu- nication to date followed by two example codes which demonstrate the power of structuring information on graphs. Chapter 13 onward will review the preliminary work in another area of research, disjoint from the main body. It is included here for posterity and special interests in applying graphs to solving other problems in signal processing. It begins with an introduction of spacetime raythic graphs. We propose a new chamfering paradigm for connecting neighboring pixels which approximates solutions to the eikonal equation. We show that some raythic graphs possess structures with multiple, differing solutions to eikonal wavefront propagation which are essential to the construction of the Umbral Transform. This umbral transform emulates ray casting effects, such as shadows and diffraction within an image space, from a network-flow algorithm. This work may be duplicated in whole or in part for educational purposes only. All other rights of this work are reserved by the author, Timothy Arthur Terlep Jr., of Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN (effective August 2024), and subject to the rules and regulations of the Graduate School of Purdue University. Readers may contact the author with any comments and questions at [email protected] Degree Type Doctor of Philosophy Electrical and Computer Engineering Campus location West Lafayette Advisor/Supervisor/Committee Chair Advisor/supervisor/committee co-chair, additional committee member 2, additional committee member 3, usage metrics. Data communications Molecular, biological, and multi-scale communications Signal processing Communications engineering not elsewhere classified Engineering education Spatial data and applications Coding, information theory and compression Combinatorics and discrete mathematics (excl. physical combinatorics) 109 IMAGES Using Endnotes in a Research Paper How to write a Thesis using EndNote Endnote reference styles examples Endnote style for thesis writing EndNote 20 for thesis and publication writing how to use Endnote in Microsoft word in research paper, reference COMMENTS Theses & dissertations Theses. In the Thesis Type field. include the form of work such as Master's thesis, Doctoral dissertation etc. In the Name of Database field. enter the name of the database, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text. In the Document Number field. enter the Accession Number (if there is one), e.g. UMI No. 3371229. SIT Library Guides: EndNote Guide / APA Referencing Guide Which fields are required for dissertation & thesis references in EndNote? Important instructions: ... Thesis type [e.g. Master's thesis or Doctoral dissertation] URL; Name of Database [enter name of the online repository] Citation. Reference. Unpublished thesis or disseration: EndNote for your thesis Step 4. Format citations in the thesis. Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations. and Bibliography command. (In earlier versions of EndNote, use the Format Bibliography. command.) EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single. EndNote for thesis and publications writing How to use EndNote 21 and 20 Desktop for Windows and Mac, EndNote Online (Web) and EndNote for iPad and iPhone, thesis and publications writing, advanced tools, output (referencing) styles, syncing, sharing and collaboration, common issues and troubleshooting. Tips for Dissertations/Theses 2. Use only one EndNote library file for the entire dissertation. Check routinely for duplicates, and carefully avoid using duplicate entries of the same source in the dissertation/thesis. 3. The working copy of the dissertation/thesis and the EndNote library should be kept in the same folder at all times. All new work on the document or in the ... PDF EndNote 20 for Thesis and Publications Writing EndNote 20 for Thesis and Publications Writing (Windows) 6. Note: It will automatically import a PDF into the currently open library. If EndNote is not open, it will import the PDF the next time EndNote is opened (either into most recently opened library or EndNote will ask which one, depending on settings). Cleaning Up Your EndNote Library Library Guides: EndNote & EndNote Web: Using EndNote for Graduate A common request from graduate students who are writing their thesis or dissertation is for instructions on how to use EndNote and Cite While You Write to create a "journal-style" bibliography - one where each chapter of the document has its own bibliography rather than the document as a whole having one big one at the end. Research Guides: EndNote: Citing, Bibliographies, and Styles The option "Insert Selected Citation (s)" adds the citation that is selected in the EndNote library. Another way to add a citation is to select the needed reference in EndNote and then click the "Insert Citation" icon in the EndNote desktop toolbar or click the EndNote Tools menu + point at Cite While You Write + click Insert Selected Citation ... APA 7th & EndNote EndNote Reference type . Instruction Example; Unpublished thesis or dissertations are usually sourced directly from the university in print form. Thesis / dissertation published online: Thesis: If there is a Publication number (e.g. a ProQuest Publication number), enter the number in the Document Number field PDF EndNote X9 for Thesis and Publications Writing EndNote X9 for Thesis & Publications Writing (Windows) 5. Click on Apply then OK. Adding Automatic PDF Imports: You can set EndNote to automatically import a PDF when added to a specific folder. NOTE: Not all PDFs will import fully. 1. Go to Edit > Preferences. 2. In the Preferences window, click on PDF Handling. 3. Endnote Reference Types There are five fields that are undefined for all reference types - Custom 2 through Custom 7 (Custom 1 is used for a couple of reference types). Adding new reference types. Three reference types (Unused 1, Unused 2, and Unused 3) are provided specifically for customization. Change the reference type name and label fields as desired. EndNote EndNote Basic. EndNote basic is a more limited reference management solution that is only available online. EndNote basic users can create an online library with a maximum of 50,000 references and up to 2GB of attachments. There are two versions of EndNote basic. The free version of EndNote basic has 21 styles and a limited number of filters ... Styles & Examples EndNote Online. FAQ. Styles. ⦁ EndNote is installed with 500 styles, which can be found under C:\Program Files\Endnote 21\Styles\. ⦁ To find a style requested by a journal in which you would like to publish, see the 7500 styles provided by EndNote. ⦁ All other styles downloaded and opened with EndNote will be saved on your computer under: PDF How to Format Footnotes and Endnotes in the American University Thesis The AU Thesis and Dissertation Guidelines allow for footnotes or endnotes. Please consult your department's preferred style guide (APA, Turabian, etc.) for important information on when notes are acceptable in that style; whether to use footnotes (at the bottom of each page) or endnotes (at the EndNote Styles, Filters, and Connections theses and APA. EndNoteEndNote Styles, Filters, and Connections. garypearce May 28, 2008, 3:19am 1. Hi , I have had a question from one of our students about using Endnote to reference different types of theses in APA. For masters and doctorates APA requires "Upublished master thesis" or "Unpublished doctoral dissertation" respectively. LibGuides: EndNote Online: EndNote Reference Examples A-Z The following examples show the fields required in EndNote Online for each reference type and an example in the ATU (Galway/Mayo) Harvard reference style. Reference Type EndNote Fields Reference; Book: Book: Author. Title. Year. Place Published ... Ph.D. Thesis, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. Available from: https://research.thea.ie ... What Are Endnotes? Revised on June 7, 2022. Endnotes are notes that appear at the end of your text in a piece of academic writing. They're indicated in the text with numbers (or occasionally other symbols). Endnotes are used: For citations in certain styles. To add extra information that doesn't fit smoothly into the main text. LibGuides: Writing your thesis using EndNote: Combining chapters Open thesis-master.doc in Word. From the EndNote menu in Word select the Update Citations and Bibliography command. EndNote will format all the references in your document and create a single bibliography at the end of the thesis. This may take some time if it is a long thesis, and uses an author-date style such as APA. Save the changes. Theses / Dissertations EndNote reference type: Thesis Thesis Type field: enter - type of thesis eg. dissertation: Thesis retrieved from fulltext database or internet. Elements of the citation Author - family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date - year month day]. Citation Help: Dissertations & Theses Chicago and Turabian use the exact same format for citing dissertations and theses. Important Elements: 1. Author First Last, "Title of Dissertation or Theis" (Doctoral diss. or Master's Thesis, Name of Institution, Year), pp.-pp. 1. Dana S. Levin, "Let's Talk about Sex . . . Citing dissertations in APA Endnote X2's (you can download the most recent APA5th from Endnote's website) looks like this: Author | (Year). Title. Unpublished Thesis Type|,*University|,*City|. (stars are link adjacent ) and inputing the data for a record (using the inbuilt "thesis" reference type). So how do you want it to look? EndNote: Install Additional Output Styles With Windows Vista/7/8/10: Go to Control Panel, Programs and Features. Select EndNote and Choose Change. Select the Modify Option and choose Next. To install all styles, select the box in front of "Additional Styles" and choose "Will be installed on local hard drive." Alternately, you can choose styles of specific disciplines to install. In-Text References, Footnotes, Endnotes, Tables & Figures in PhD Theses 1.2.6 In-Text References, Footnotes and/or Endnotes. References to the sources cited and/or quoted in a thesis should appear throughout the thesis. Depending on the discipline, university and department guidelines and the requirements of the individual thesis, in-text citations may take the form of numerical references, be based on the last ... Libraries to Offer Three Free EndNote Web Virtual Instruction Sessions Import references into EndNote Web and format them to automatically create a bibliography, and . Use saved references to "Cite While You Write" and produce a formatted term paper, thesis or dissertation. SESSIONS. The first session will be held from 2:30-3:20 p.m. Friday, Aug. 16; The second session from 10:45-11:35 a.m. Monday, Aug. 19; and New Phages, New Insights: Diversity in Phage Research Leads To Also, phages have a highly specific host range, meaning that an injection of a certain type of phage will only infect the bacteria it is targeting, sparing important gut microbes. The search for new phages to treat infections has resulted in the discovery of over 25,000 actinobacteriophages, with about 4898 of them being sequenced. Visible Light-Induced Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,3-Diphosphination of Alkenes 1,3-Difunctionalization of alkenes, as a novel way for the modern development of alkene transformations, has drawn significant research attention in recent years. Herein, we disclose a novel cobalt-catalyzed radical 1,3-diphosphination of alkenes, which enables straightforward access 1,3-diphosphine skeleton A Mathematical Theory of Communication with Graphs and Symbols This work will introduce a channel conceptualization and possible coding scheme for Graph-and-Symbol (GS) Communication. While Claude Shannon's mathematical model for communication employed graphs to describe relationships and confusability among traditional time-sequenced signals, little work as been done to describe non-linear communication with graphs where we transmit and receive ... essay homework paper phd project resume review speech study