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History of Egypt

Categories: Ancient Egypt

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Published: Jan 31, 2024

Words: 671 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Ancient egypt, the ptolemaic period, roman and byzantine rule, arab and islamic egypt, ottoman and european domination, modern egypt.

Shaw, Ian. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Manniche, Lise. An Ancient Egyptian Herbal. University of Texas Press, 1989.
Mokhtar, G. The Cultural Treasures of the Egyptian Museum. The American University in Cairo Press, 2006.
Bard, Kathryn A. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.

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Civilization in Ancient Egypt Essay

The basic element of ancient civilization in Egypt besides its geography is religion. The government, literature, astronomy, medicine and arts formed their basis on religion.

It is therefore justified to say that religion was integral to the Egyptians way of life. Since the earliest beginnings of religion in Egypt, changes in religious themes, way of worship and how the worship was conducted have been observed as will be explored in this essay.

People in ancient Egypt ranging from the peasants, merchants, priests, workers, to individual kings worshipped their own gods formulated in the pre-dynastic Egypt and expressed in pictures.

Initially, animals were included in the Egyptian religious cults. That is perhaps why archeologist found preserved graves where cats, gazelles, bulls and sheep were carefully buried (Patricia 112). The worship of pictures did not last for long as they were turned into human portraits.

This, also referred to as anthropomorphism, was unique in the sense that the pictures took human form but retained an animal’s body or head. The Egyptians believed that these gods had human emotions, drank, ate, gave birth, went into battle, lived among people and died.

The reigns of these gods were believed to merge at times and in other instances overlap. In fact, their reign during this time in ancient Egypt did not have an organized hierarchy structure. The power of their gods relied on the power of the reigning king. A powerful king would imply a powerful god and so it was also with the name, location and dominance of the kings (Rosalie 1803).

Additionally, religious names were believed to be very powerful and full of mystery. For instance, in the normal society, people would die or get afflicted when certain traditional rituals were done to their names. In the same respect, certain names were used to express or describe phenomenon that were good and beneficial.

In religion, the Egyptians gave to their gods’ names that were descriptive or qualities such as majestic, virile or strong. Each god had five names and as aforementioned, was worshipped at different times, for different purposes and in different locations depending on the myth.

Examples of gods who were worshipped at that time included Ptah and Osiris the earth gods, Horus, Bat and Hathor were gods of the heaven and Amaunet, amon and Antaios were examples of gods that were worshipped depending on the location (Patricia 111).

In ancient Egypt, the kings played an integral part in religion by connecting the gods and Egyptians. Until around the third dynasty, the kings were believed to be a bridge crossing over the chasm that divided gods and men.

Besides, the priests’ roles were equally important in ancient Egypt and included reading scrolls before religious events, preparing images and statutes, caring for the image gods, and acting as voice of the oracles, stewards of granaries and temple riches and being pinnacles of decisions of their gods.

Furthermore, the ancient religion allowed the use of magic that was commonplace. Warding of evil was done through wearing of amulets, magical texts, spells, concoctions and rituals were used and their successes and their failures were attributed to the gods.

It is important to understand that the ancient religion in Egypt was centralized despite the hierarchy of deities. This indicates a sharp contrast between Egypt and Mesopotamia where in the latter, religion was decentralized. Also, the focus of Egyptian temple was for worship unlike in Sumer where it was for religious, economic and political functions.

The civilization of ancient Egypt happened at the same time Mesopotamian civilization was taking place in other areas in the nations of the Akkadians, Babylonians and the Sumerians (Rosalie 1802). Hence, most other parts of the world were also going through major revolutions in the religious spheres.

For instance, the Egyptian civilization is believed to have originated from the west and other neighboring nations as well as some internal influences. As mentioned before, civilization in ancient religious practices saw the worship of animals turned into the worship of image and pharaoh’s role as a mediator between gods and people changing to a position where he considered himself a divine being.

The rule of pharaoh which was believed to have a qualities such as righteousness, order, justice and truth brought stability and harmony which earlier on was not manifested in image worship (Oesterdiekhoff 103). Due to this and other related factors, religion created optimism, confidence and acted as a unifying factor.

It is important to note that Egyptians believed in life after death and judging by the continuous rhythmic cycle of life and death and their unchanging universe, sought to change their lifestyle in order to meet the predictable patterns of life. In this sense, they began farming, built irrigation canals and pyramids that today give a reflection of extreme centralization created by religion and which brought a significant change in Egypt.

The Hebrews also played a significant role in the civilization of ancient Egypt. The influence exerted by the Hebrews on the western intellectual tradition and the western society was so immense that affected the patterns and activities of other great institutions.

According to the Hebrews, there is only one God to whom they are committed to worship and follow his laws as stated in the Old Testament. The heroes of the Jews unlike the Egyptians were men and women and not gods and goddesses. These heroes represented both the strong and the weak men and women.

The Egyptians and the Sumerians had adopted the worship of many gods also referred to as polytheism and as mentioned earlier on, the dominance of the gods depended on the kings. The Hebrews on the other hand, believed their God was sovereign and practiced monotheism.

The Hebrews believed that the worship of idol gods that like in the case of ancient Egypt was not ideal as it represented an incapable god put in images making them less sovereign. Further, the Hebrews believed that the Egyptians could not obtain freedom from idol worship.

The arrival of the Hebrews into Egypt brought a different influence to the ancient Egyptian way of worship. Their belief system and the sovereign expression of their God in the rescue mission of the Israelites from Egypt played a key role in creating change in the religious atmosphere in Egypt (Oesterdiekhoff 108-109).

The reactions from various circles concerning civilization of ancient Egypt display a mixture of feelings. Some scholars believe that ancient Egypt before civilization was of a unique distinction. Actually, according to history, it is believed that they were the first people to create a state embodying aspiration of the Egyptian race and the spiritual beliefs in the nation-state.

The ancient state of Egypt which lasted for up to 3000 years showed a determined durability, assurance and extraordinary strength demonstrated by its framework of culture and an unmistakable purity of style. The indisputable unity that existed between culture, state and religion fell and what is seen to have remained is its peculiar geographical setting (Rosalie 1803).

Indeed, religion in ancient Egypt led to myriad of other changes that impacted the society politically, socially and economically. For instance, early developments in religion shaped the political systems and structures in ancient Egypt. Most of the rules and leadership dynamics used by Egypt rulers were largely borrowed from religion. The religiously-influenced political and social structures created other avenues and modalities on how people interacted.

The sharing of religious activities in ancient Egypt has offered the world a broad perspective in understanding early social developments in Egypt. Contemporary life would have been rather blank in terms of rich history and perhaps, it would have been cumbersome to comprehensively bridge the past and modern history on religion and worse still, connect the future history with that of the past.

Works Cited

Oesterdiekhoff, W. George. “Ancient Sun Cults: Understanding religious rites in terms of developmental psychology.” Mankind Quarterly , 48.1 (2007): 99-116.

Patricia, Spencer. “Dance in ancient Egypt.” Near Eastern Archaeology, 66.3 (2003): 111-112.

Rosalie, David. “The art of medicine: The art of healing in ancient Egypt: a scientific reappraisal.” The Lancet , 372.9652 (2008): 1802-1803.

The history of Egypt and the Fertile Crescent
The Agricultural Revolution: From the Neolithic Age to a New Era of Agricultural Growth
Ancient Egyptian Culture: Religion, Art, Sports
Ancient Egypt: Geography and Environment
The Culture of Ancient Egypt
Papyrus: Its Invention and Impact on the World
Early Greek, Roman, and Christian Historiography
Chichen Itza Archeologic Site
Comparisons of Early Greek and Early Roman Cultures
Human 215 Unit 3 DB: Early Periods
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

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Ancient Egypt is a civilization known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and the Nile River, existing from 3100 BC to 332 BC. An essay on this topic could delve into its rich history, culture, architectural, and scientific achievements. Furthermore, discussions could explore the influence of Ancient Egypt on subsequent civilizations and its enduring legacy in modern society. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to Ancient Egypt you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

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Essay on Ancient Egypt

Students are often asked to write an essay on Ancient Egypt in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Ancient Egypt

The land of ancient egypt.

Ancient Egypt was a country in North Africa. It was near the Nile River. The Nile was very important. It gave water for drinking and growing crops. It also helped with travel and trade. The Nile made life possible in the dry desert.

Pharaohs and Gods

Pharaohs were the kings of Ancient Egypt. They were very powerful and were seen as gods. The Egyptians believed in many gods. Each god had a role, like Ra the sun god and Isis the goddess of magic.

Pyramids and Sphinx

The Egyptians built big pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs. The most famous are in Giza. There’s also a giant statue called the Sphinx. It has a lion’s body and a human’s head.

Writing and Learning

The Egyptians created a writing system called hieroglyphs. They wrote on papyrus, a type of paper. They were good at math, medicine, and astronomy. They even had a calendar.

Mummies and Afterlife

Egyptians believed in life after death. They mummified the dead to preserve them for the afterlife. Mummies are bodies wrapped in cloth. Many mummies and treasures have been found in tombs.

250 Words Essay on Ancient Egypt

Introduction.

Egypt is a country in Africa. It has a very long history. People lived there thousands of years ago. These people are called Ancient Egyptians. They are famous for many things.

The Ancient Egyptians built big stone structures called pyramids. The biggest is the Great Pyramid of Giza. It was like a tomb for a king. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

The leaders of Ancient Egypt were called pharaohs. They were very powerful. People believed they were gods on earth. Tutankhamun is a famous pharaoh. His tomb was found full of gold and precious things.

The Ancient Egyptians made their own kind of writing. It is called hieroglyphs. They wrote on walls and on a type of paper called papyrus. Today, people can read hieroglyphs because of a stone called the Rosetta Stone. It helped them understand the writing.

The Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses. They thought these gods controlled everything. They even mummified dead bodies to help the soul reach the afterlife.

Ancient Egypt was a fascinating place. They had great leaders, built amazing structures, and had a rich culture. We can learn a lot about them today through their writings and the things they left behind.

500 Words Essay on Ancient Egypt

Introduction to ancient egypt.

Ancient Egypt was a grand civilization in northeastern Africa. It started around 3100 BC when Egypt’s first Pharaoh, King Narmer, ruled the land. It ended around 30 BC when the Romans took over.

Geography and Agriculture

Egypt is mostly desert, but it has a fertile area near the Nile River. This river was very important to the ancient Egyptians. They used it for drinking water, bathing, and watering their crops. The Nile also made the soil fertile, so it was good for farming. The ancient Egyptians grew wheat and flax, which they used to make bread and clothes.

Religion and Beliefs

Religion was a big part of life in ancient Egypt. The Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses. They thought these deities controlled the natural world and human activities. For example, they believed that the sun god Ra made the sun rise and set. They also believed in life after death. They thought that when they died, they would go to a place called the afterlife. To prepare for this, they mummified their dead and placed them in tombs with food, furniture, and other things they might need.

Writing and Education

The ancient Egyptians created a form of writing called hieroglyphs. They used pictures to represent words or sounds. They wrote on papyrus, a type of paper made from a plant. Only certain people, like priests and government officials, could read and write. They went to special schools to learn these skills.

Pyramids and Architecture

The ancient Egyptians are famous for their pyramids. These huge buildings were tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. The Egyptians believed that if the pharaoh’s body was mummified and buried in a pyramid, he would live forever. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the most well-known pyramids. It was built for Pharaoh Khufu around 2550 BC.

Science and Technology

The ancient Egyptians were great scientists and engineers. They invented the calendar that we still use today. They also knew a lot about the human body. They used this knowledge to perform complex medical procedures. For example, they could treat broken bones and wounds.

Ancient Egypt was a fascinating civilization with its own unique culture. They made many contributions to the world in areas like art, science, and architecture. Even today, we are still learning about this amazing civilization and its people. Their pyramids, hieroglyphs, and religious beliefs continue to captivate us, reminding us of a time long past but not forgotten.

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