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Particle streak velocimetry (PSV) is a Lagrangian velocity measurement method based on streak imaging of moving particles and is regarded as the origin of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Recently, the PSV technique has undergone further developments, realizing measurements of three velocity components in three dimensions (3D3C), by combining with stereoscopic observation, defocused imaging, light field photography and /or holography. Moreover, image processing algorithms based on deep learning have been successfully applied to PSV. Compared with PIV and PTV, the PSV technique can exhibit several advantages, including extending the upper limit of the velocity measurement range under the same equipment conditions, measuring with lower illumination intensity, often an overall lower equipment complexity and cost for the same measuring requirement, as well as avoiding the particle matching problems of PTV. However, the PSV method also has obstacles to overcome, such as directional ambiguity and the difficulty in identifying streak crossings. For the directional ambiguity problem, there are currently time-coding, color-coding, brightness-coding and determination methods using additional image frames that can be employed. The main application areas of PSV currently include microfluidics, high-velocity flows and large-scale flow field measurements. This review presents the state of the art of PSV and summarizes advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, complexity and application of various configurations. The configurations discussed are focused on those measuring three velocity components and several examples are described in which PSV can be advantageously applied. The review concludes with some future developments that can be anticipated.
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This work was sponsored by the foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52376163), National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research (No. 614220121050327) and National Foreign Expert Project (No. G2023013010).
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School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, Shanghai, China
Dapeng Zhang, Wu Zhou, Tianyi Cai, Haoqin Huang, Xiangrui Dong & Xiaoshu Cai
School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Aerding Street, Baotou, 014010, Nei Mongol, China
Dapeng Zhang
Institute for Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
Cameron Tropea
National Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Design and Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Youyixi Road, Xi’an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
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DZ was involved in conceptualization, writing-original draft and investigation; CT was responsible for writing-reviewing and editing, and supervision; WZ contributed to project administration, funding acquisition, supervision and writing-reviewing and editing; TC took part in supervision; HH conducted the investigation; XD assisted with resources; LG acquired the funding; and XC helped with funding acquisition and methodology. All authors critically revised the manuscript and gave final approval.
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The Rainbow Experiment. Things spiral out of control in a high school in Manhattan when a terrible accident involving a science experiment injures a kid for life. IMDb 5.5 2 h 9 min 2018. X-Ray 16+
Watch The Rainbow Experiment. NR. 2018. 2 hr 10 min. 5.5 (193) The Rainbow Experiment is a captivating indie film that explores the aftermath of an accidental explosion that occurred at a high school in New York City. Directed by Christina Kallas and featuring a talented cast that includes Christian Coulson, Kevin Kane, and Francis Benhamou ...
The Rainbow Experiment. 2018. NRT CC. Gravitas Ventures English 1h 15m. movie. (9) Cast Christian Coulson, Kevin Kane, Francis Benhamou. Director Christina Kallas. Things spiral out of control in a high school in Manhattan when a terrible accident involving a science experiment injures a kid for life.
"The Rainbow Experiment" is an ambitious film in the layering of its dramatic story. In a day in which major film studios relentlessly streamline plots with the expectation the audience will also be navigating their phones, this film requires you to put it down for two hours while promising a richly nuanced payout in return.-
Download or stream The Rainbow Experiment (2018) with Christian Coulson, Kevin Kane, Francis Benhamou for free on hoopla. Things spiral out of control in a high school in Manhattan when a terrible accident involving a scie | hoopladigital.com
The Rainbow Experiment. 2,023 likes. The world you see is just a movie in your mind.
3.5 Rainbow PSV (r-PSV) The rainbow PSV technique uses wavelength- or color-coding. The optical arrangement comprises a multi-wavelength light source, a dispersion prism, a beam deflector and a set of mirrors and prisms (Prenel and Bailly 2006). The conventional light source of the rainbow technique is a multi-line laser, whereby the different ...