medical parasitology powerpoint presentation

• My presentations

Auth with social network:

Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation on theme: "INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY"— Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Medical Parasitology History, Definitions Classification and Taxonomy of Human Parasites Doç.Dr.Hrisi Bahar Doç.Dr.Hrisi Bahar.

Eukaryotic Parasites (Protozoa) Drs. Babcock and Hopkins Spring 2009

Lab session 4 Helminths Worms.

Intestinal Parasites.

Parasites Chapter 10. Parasitology  Parasites that infect humans have various classifications, characteristics, and life cycles  Parasites are organisms.

IX. Selected Diseases caused by Multicellular Animal Parasites

Sporozoa life cycle - Plasmodium 1.Oocyst forms in mosquito gut, mitosis forms sporozoites 2.Mosquito injects sporozoites, migrates into hepatocyte 3.Schizogeny.

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Algae and Protozoans What types of eukaryotic organisms are pathogenic, and how do they differ from bacteria? Algae: dinoflagellates.

Intro Medical parasitology: the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans. Molecular parasitology: the study of the molecular biology.

VIII. Protozoan Diseases

Classification of Parasites

Parasytology is the sciences of parasites

Parasitology: (Protozoa and Helminthes) : Protozoa: 1- Protozoa are unicellular (eukaryotic) or acellular organisms. 2- Protozoan is measured in microns;

The Parasites January 19 th, Parasite biology Eukaryotic cells –Complex cell structure –Nucleus –Organelles –Mitochondria or similar structures.

Introduction to parasitology leacture(1)

Parasitology.

Taenia saginata/ Taenia solium.  Restate the basic concepts of parasitology Define of the various terms related to basic parasitology Discuss briefly.

DEFINITIONS Infection: –The entry and development and multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of humans or animals. The result may be: inapparent.

DEFINITIONS Infection: – The entry, development and multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of humans or animals. The result may be: inapparent.

Prof.Dr. Hamdy El-Wakil Professor in Parasitology. Vice Dean in faculty of physiotherapy pharos University 2013M-1434H.

About project

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Introduction to Medical Parasitology

Related Papers

Akila Durai

Eric Gatete

suliman trtur

Siniša Franjić

Parasites are organisms that feed at the expense of another organism over a long period of time. As a result of the specific way of life of parasites, a series of adaptations appear, which are reflected in the fact that some organs stunt or disappear, while others develop at their expense. The consequences of the presence of parasites on the host can vary from small changes in behaviour, through obvious pathological changes in the tissues, to death in some cases.

Federica Dassoni

Parasitism is a form of symbiosis in which an organism (parasite) lives in or on another organism and benefits at the expense of the host. This host-parasite association may eventuate to the injury of the hosting organism. Parasites may be grouped in endo- and ectoparasites. Infections with endoparasites can cause systemic diseases with possible dermatological signs, whereas infestations with ectoparasites only cause cutaneous lesions. The burden of parasitoses often rests on communities in countries of hot climate zones, but parasitic infections and infestations are also on the rise in clinical practices in developed countries due to the increase of traveling individuals and migrating populations. The debilitating impact which a persistent itch of certain parasitosis may have must be taken into account when assessing these conditions. Ectoparasites can also be vectors of pathogens, as discussed in other chapters; in humans they are comprised of two major animal groups, parasitic ar...

BioMed Research International

Fernando Genta

Trends in Parasitology

Jamie Stevens

Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation

Seyed Bashir(Bashir) Mirtajani

Ashish Singh

RELATED PAPERS

Gehad Elsherbini

Parasitology

Sarah Randolph

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

IJAR Indexing

Indian Journal of Natural Sciences

Dr. Hiba R I Y A D H J A M E E L Al-abodi , Hiba al-Abodi

David Bruce Conn

Paripex Indian Journal Of Research

Dr. Rani Kumari

Yashraj Modh

Vox Sanguinis

Firenze Pixel

Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology

Suleiman Jafaru

Wondesen Girma

Rameesha Wanniarachchi

Vet.Dr. Hussein Abdillahi Ahmed (Xuseen Dhoobaale)

Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst)

angelica alzate

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology

Shereen Elbanna

https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.6_Issue.1_Jan2016/24.pdf

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)

Progressive Agriculture

Kamrul Hassan

Clinics in Dermatology

Isam Oumeish , Elias Saliba

Dr. Prithwiraj Maiti

Mohamed Abouel-Nour

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Arfang Diamanka

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

• Preferences

MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

Medical parasitology & entomology lecturer: sr. norazsida ramli intestinal flagellates giardia lamblia (pathogenic) chilomastix mesnili (non-pathogenic) enteromonas ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI
• Giardia lamblia (pathogenic)
• Chilomastix mesnili (non-pathogenic)
• Enteromonas hominis (non-pathogenic)
• Retortamonas intestinalis (non-pathogenic)
• Trichomonas hominis (non-pathogenic)
• Dientamoeba fragilis (non-pathogenic)
• Also known as G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis.
• Diseases Giardiasis, lambliasis, flagellate diarrhea.
• Geographic distribution world wide, more prevalence in warm climates.
• Consist of 2 stages 1)trophozoite 2)cyst
• Trophozoite 9-20µm in length, 5-15µm in width, oval to pear shaped, 2 nucleus,
• Cyst 8-18µm in length, 7-10µm in width, oval, more eccentric karyosome, 4 median bodies (mature cyst), 4 nucleus (mature cyst).
• K karyosome
• MBmedian body
• ADadhesive disk
• CWcyst wall
• Infective stage cyst
• Acquired by ingestion? passage through stomach? small intestine ? duodenum ? large intestine ? pass in stool ? environment.
• Duodenum excystation occurs ? trophozoite multiply itself by longitudinal binary fission (approximately 8 hours intervals).
• Large intestine encystation occurs.
• Both trophozoite and cyst can be found in the feces.
• The most pathogenic intestinal flagellate.
• Distribution world wide
• Found in the gastrointestinal tracts of a variety of mammals, including man.
• Habitat ponds, lakes, stream.
• Resistant to chlorine.
• Filtration is necessary to eliminate contamination.
• Transmitted via water, foods (fruits and raw vegetables), person to person contact (oral-anal sexual practices).
• Incubation period bout 2-3 weeks ? get symptoms watery foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, anorexia, and nausea.
• Also have fat-soluble deficiencies, folic acid deficiencies, hypoproteinemia with hypogammaglobulinemia and structural changes in intestinal villi.
• Severe cases get malabsorption syndrome and steatorrhea, and weight loss.
• Patient r often, however asymptomatic.
• How d parasite attaches to the intestinal mucosa? By the sucking disc/adhesive disc located on the ventral side of the cell.
• Attachment of trophozoites to the brush border could produce a mechanical irritation or mucosal injury. In addition, normal villus structure is affected in some patients. For example, villus blunting (atrophy) and crypt cell hypertrophy and an increase in crypt depth have been observed to varying degrees. The increase in crypt cells will lead to a repopulation of the intestinal epithelium by relatively immature enterocytes with reduced absorptive capacities. An increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria has also been observed and this inflammation may be associated with the pathology. Giardia infection can also lead to lactase deficiency as well as other enzyme deficiencies in the microvilli. This reduced digestion and absorption of solutes may lead to an osmotic diarrhea and could also explain the malabsorption syndromes. Thus far, no single virulence factor or unifying mechanism explains the pathogenesis of giardiasis
• -Differentiation is based on morphological examination of fecal preparations.
• Microscopic examination
• Serological assays
• Immunofluoresence methods
• Enzyme immunoassays
• Metronidazole
• Furazolidone
• Paromomycin
• By avoidance of contaminated water.
• Filtration (this parasite resistant to chemicals such as chlorine).
• Protecting water supplies from reservoir hosts such as beavers, muskrats and voles.
• Exercising good personal hygiene.
• Safe sexual practices.
• Caused a sexually transmitted disease.
• Have only trophozoite stage.
• Trophozoite 8-23µm in length, 5-12µm in width, rounded anterior end, tapered posterior end, 4-6 flagella (originate from the anterior end), undulating membrane shorter than T. hominis, usually with visible axostyle, granules near the axostyle, chromatin is evenly distributed, single nucleus.
• In wet preps? exhibit a rapid, jerky motion.
• Bbbasal body
• umundulating membrane
• Cycytostomal groove
• (A) T. vaginalis parasite as seen in broth culture. The axostyle, undulating membrane, and flagella are clearly visible.
• (B) T. vaginalis on the surface of a vaginal epithelial cell prior to ameboid transformation.
• (C) Ameboid morphology of T. vaginalis as seen in cell culture.
• Women Reside on the mucous membranes of the vagina.
• Feed on bacteria and white blood cells.
• Men reside in the prostate gland or the urethral epithelium.
• Multiplication occurs by longitudinal binary fission.
• Transmitted by sexual contact.
• Infected person may be asymptomatic or,
• Women burning, itching, irritation and produce o profuse foul-smelling, yellowish discharge, and also red lesions on the vaginal mucosa.
• Men urethritis, severe cases? prostate tenderness and swelling,
• Clinical Presentation
• Microscopic and Culture Techniques
• Antibody-Based Techniques
• DNA Techniques-PCR
• Metronidazole, oral antibiotics for both partners.
• To avoid re-infection, any sexual partners must also be treated.
• Once successfully treated, T. vaginalis doesn't come back unless a new infection is acquired.
• Avoidance of unprotected sex.
• A 24-year old hiker had recently returned from a camping trip to Colorado. While camping, she had obtained drinking water from an untreated stream. Several weeks after returning home, she presented to her family physician with profuse, watery diarrhea, cramphy abdominal pain, and foul-smelling flatulence.
• Stool specimens were negative for enteric bacterial pathogen, but wet mounts demonstrated binucleate pear-shaped trophozoites showing a falling leaf type of motility. A permanent trichrome stain confirmed the diagnosis.
• What is the name of parasite causing the patients illness? What is the infectious stage of this parasite?
• How does this parasite sometimes result in malabsorption?
• How does this parasite avoid being dislodged by intestinal peristalsis?
• How is this parasite transmitted? How can transmission be prevented?
• How is this illness treated?

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Whatever your area of interest, here you’ll be able to find and view presentations you’ll love and possibly download. And, best of all, it is completely free and easy to use.

You might even have a presentation you’d like to share with others. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. We’ll convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types you’ve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. Then you can share it with your target audience as well as PowerShow.com’s millions of monthly visitors. And, again, it’s all free.

About the Developers

PowerShow.com is brought to you by  CrystalGraphics , the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more.

Medical Parasitology Lab.

Nov 12, 2014

390 likes | 758 Views

Medical Parasitology Lab. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Introduction. Topics. Introduction Sample Collection and Preservation Methods Wet mount Preparation Normal saline 0.85% Iodine BMB Artifacts Concentration Techniques Modified Formal- Ether Sedimentation technique

Share Presentation

• stool samples
• fecal specimen
• stool specimen
• permanent stained smears
• stool reducing sugar test

Presentation Transcript

Medical Parasitology Lab. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed Introduction Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Topics • Introduction • Sample Collection and Preservation Methods • Wet mount Preparation • Normal saline 0.85% • Iodine • BMB • Artifacts • Concentration Techniques • Modified Formal- Ether Sedimentation technique • Acid- Ether Sedimentation technique • Flotation Techniques • By using Sheather’s solution • By using Sodium Chloride solution • By using Zinc Sulphate Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Topics (cont.) • Staining of parasites • Detecting of Blood Parasites • Thick and thin Blood smear • Counting of Helminthes Eggs in Feces • Chemical Tests • Fecal PH test • Testing feces for Occult Blood • Fecal fat test • Stool reducing sugar test • Medical Entomology Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Grades • Quizzes: ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ10% • Unknowns: ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ20% • Assignment & Participation: ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ5% • Midterm examination:ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 15% • Final examination: ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ50% • Practical exam: ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ20% • Written exam: ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ30% Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

General Lab Objectives To familiarizes the student with the most widely used techniques for detection of parasites. To be able to identify the parasite stages. To learn the student, how to deal with risk samples. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

What is the stool or feces? Waste residue of indigestible material (cellulose during the previous 4 days) Bile pigments and electrolyte. Intestinal secretions, including mucus. Leukocytes that migrate from the bloodstream Epithelial cells that have been shade. Bacteria and Inorganic material(10-20%) chiefly calcium and phosphates. Undigested and unabsorbed food Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Fecal Specimen Fecal specimen are examined for protozoa, helminthes larvae or eggs. The stages of protozoa found in stool samples are trophozoites and cysts or oocysts. The stages of helminthes usually found in the stool samples are eggs and larvae, through whole adult worms or segment of worms may also be seen. Adult worms and segment of tape worms are usually visible to naked eye, but eggs, larvae, cyst, oocyst and trophozoites can be seen only with the microscope. In order to see these structure, the fecal material must be properly collected and examined. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Number of Specimens and Collection Time No technique is 100% successful in detecting parasites by single stool examination, and at least three serial stools must be examined before a patient can be considered free from infections in which stages of parasites would be expected to be free in the faeces. Because of the intermittent passage of certain parasites, the possibility of finding organisms is increased by examining multiple specimens. It is suggested that 3 specimens, collected at 2 to 3 day intervals, should be examined both pretreatment and post treatment (to ensure eradication of documented pathogenic protozoa). Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Collection of Fecal Specimen • Because of fragile nature of many intestinal parasites, and the need to maintain their morphology for accurate identification. • Reliable microscopic diagnosis can not made unless the stool is collected properly. • The stool specimen must be enough for satisfactory examination of fresh feces uncontaminated by urine, dirt*, water or other body secretion such as menstrual blood. • If the sample is too small or contaminated with urine, it should not be accepted. Ask the patient to pass another specimen. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Collection of Fecal Specimen (cont.) • Collect the specimen in a clean dry screw-capped top container • Collect the stool with a clean tongue blade or similar object. • The container should be free from antiseptics and disinfectant. • Random specimen: suitable for qualitative testing for blood and microscopic examination. • Timed specimen:for quantitative fecal testing such as fecal fat testing, because of the variability of bowel habit and the transit time required for food to pass through the digestive tract, so the most representative sample is a-3 day collection. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Collection of Fecal Specimen (cont.) • The container with the specimen should be clearly labeled with the following: • Patient’s name or number. • Date and time of collection. • All samples should be accompanied by a requisition form from the physician giving relevant clinical details and recent travel history. • Samples and forms from patient with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of certain infectious diseases such as AIDS or hepatitis should be clearly labeled with “Biohazard” Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Collection of Fecal Specimen (cont.) Most viable parasites are susceptible to desiccation or temperature variation. If time lapse between collection and observation is considerable, i.e. more than 4 days, it may be necessary to add some form of preservative to feces specimen to retain morphology. Formed samples can be kept in a refrigerator at 4 C° for a short time, but not in incubator. Any whole worms or segments passed should be placed in a separate container Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Preservation methods for fecal specimens • Preservation allows fecal samples to be examined after a delay in delivery or testing. • Many methods for the preservation of stool samples and permanent staining procedures. • The most common fixatives are: • Polyvinyl Alcohol, PVA • Merthiolate Iodine Formalin, MIF • Sodium acetate Acetic acid Formalin, SAF • Formalin. • Bayer’s solution* • The preservatives used have different effect on the various stages of the parasites. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Formalin • Formalin 4% has been used for many years as an all purpose fixative that is appropriate for helminthes eggs and larvae and for protozoan cyst. • The fixative has a long shelf life. • Concentration methods, like formalin- ether concentration can be performed from the preserved stool samples without loss of concentration abilities. • The major disadvantage of formalin is that permanent staining procedures can't be performed from formalin preserved stool samples. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

PVA • This fixative is recommended for the preservation of the trophozoite and cyst stages of the intestinal protozoa, and also suitable for helminthes eggs and larvae. • The preservation of the two stages of protozoa is excellent. • The PVA is a plastic resin that serves as adhesive for the stool material. • Has a long shelf life. ( months to years ). • Concentration methods can’t performed from the specimen preserved by PVA. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

PVA(cont.) • The greatest advantage of this fixative is that a permanent stain can be prepared from stool specimen preserved by PVA, giving excellent result with trichrome staining. • Specimen preserved by PVA can’t be used with immunoassay kits. • Toxic, because contain mercury compound. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

SAF • Good routine fixative for protozoan cyst and trophozoites, helminthes eggs, and larvae. • Has long shelf life. ( months to years). • The preserved stool samples permits concentration techniques, most monoclonal detection kits, and permanent staining. • Unlike the PVA, the SAF fixative has poor adhesive properties when SAF preserved samples are used to prepare permanent stained smears. ( Mayer’s albumin has been recommended as an adhesive. • The combination of SAF preserved material and CB, IHK, and mod. Ziel Neelsen provides excellent staining of protozoan where staining of SAF preserved material with Trichrome gives poor results. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

SAF (cont.) • Specific advantages of the use of SAF are: • SAF preserved material can be used for concentration techniques and permentant stained smears (CB, IHK). • SAF preserved material can be used for some immunoassay methods. • SAF is easy to prepare and has a long shelf life. • Unlike the PVA, the SAF fixative contain no mercury compounds. It is therefore much less toxic than PVA Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

MIF • This fixative was originally developed as a screening procedure for intestinal parasites. • MIF combines preservation and staining for most kinds and stages found in faeces. • It’s contains Merthiolate, Iodine, and Formalin. • The preserved material permits concentration techniques. • The major disadvantages are the short shelf life ( duo to iodine) and permanent stained smears can’t be prepared from MIF preserved material. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Fixative used for the preservation of stool samples: an overview of the advantages and disadvantages: Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Preservation of worms • Cestodes • Wash in water to remove the mucus. Large tapeworms such as Taenia can be washed for several hours to relax the musculature, and can then be fixed in 10% formol saline b/w two glass slides to give flatter specimens. • Trematodes • These should be treated in a similar manner to cestodes, and mounted with the ventral sucker uppermost • Nematodes • Adult are washed in saline to remove mucus. Worms up to about 7 cm in length are fixed in hot(60-70˚C) 70% alcohol, which straightens out living worms, except those which have natural curvatures at the head or the tail. Alternatively, they can be fixed in hot 5% formalin. • Large worms such Ascaris lumbricoides can be fixed and preserved in cold 5% formalin Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Stool Analysis A stool analysis is a series of tests done on a stool (feces) sample to help diagnose certain conditions affecting the digestive tract . These conditions can include infection (such as from parasites, viruses, or bacteria), poor nutrient absorption, or cancer. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Stool Analysis (cont.) Laboratory analysis includes macroscopic, microscopic examination, chemical tests, and microbiologic tests. The stool will be checked for color, consistency, weight (volume), shape, odor, and the presence of mucus and parasites stages. The stool may be examined for hidden (occult) blood, fat, meat fibers, bile, white blood cells, and sugars called reducing substances. The pH of the stool also may be measured. A stool culture is done to find out if bacteria may be causing an infection. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Fecal Sample Examination Macroscopic Examination Microscopic Examination Chemical Examination abnormal features adult worm or segment • Color • Consistency • WBC/ HPF • RBC/ HPF • Mucus • Yeast • Cyst, trophozoite, or both • Larvae, egg, or both • Stool reducing substances testing • Fecal PH test • Fecal fatty acid testing • Testing feces for Occult Blood Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Macroscopic Examination • Color: • Brown is normal color, results from the intestinal oxidation of stercobilinogen to urobilin. • Bright red to dark red to black stools occur when iron or bismuth is taken or when there is intestinal hemorrhage. • Pale yellow stools indicate the biliary obstruction, steatorrea, and also associated with diagnostic procedures that use barium sulfate. • White stools occur when there is obstructive jaundice. • Green stool may observed in patient taking oral antibiotic, because of oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Macroscopic Examination (cont.) • Consistency: degree of moisture, will be a guide as to whether the trophozoite stage or the cyst stage of protozoa is likely to present. • Formed, write “F” • Soft , write “S” • Loose , write “L” • Watery , write “W” Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Macroscopic Examination (cont.) • Abnormal features: • If mucus is present writ “M”, and “B” if blood is present. • The presence of mucus coated stool is indicative for intestinal inflammation or irritation. • Adult worm or segments • The feces may have adult helminthes or segments present such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Entrobius vermicularis, or Taenia spp. gravid segment, these can be seen by naked eye. • And frequently motile for several days and may migrate to the top of the container. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Notice • If several specimens are received at the same time; those containing blood and mucus should be examined first, followed by liquid specimens. These specimens are the most likely to contain amoebic trophozoites ( which die soon after being passed), and must be examined within 1 hour after passage. • Formed specimens may be examined at any time during the first day, but should not be left overnight ( cyst may disintegrate). • Excessive bulky stools may indicate conditions such as giardiasis. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Microscopic Examination of wet mount Wet mount is the simplest and easiest technique for the examination of feces, and this method should be performed in all laboratories at peripheral level. A wet mount can be prepared directly from fecal material or from concentrated specimens. The basic types of wet mount that should be used for each fecal examination are normal saline (0.85% NaCl), iodine, and buffered methylene blue. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Microscopic Examination of wet mount (cont.) • The Saline Wet Mount • Is used for the initial microscopic examination of stool specimens. • It is employed primarily to demonstrate worms eggs, larvae. Protozoan trophozoites, and cysts. • This type of mount can also reveal the presence of red blood cells and white blood cells. • If the presence of amoebic trophozoites is suspected, warm saline (37˚C) should be used. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Microscopic Examination of wet mount (cont.) • The Iodine Wet Mount • Is used mainly to stain glycogen and the nuclei of cysts, if present. • Cysts can usually be specifically identified in this mount. • Trophozoite can not be revealed by this type of wet mount, because iodine kill trophozoite. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Microscopic Examination of wet mount (cont.) • The Buffered Methylene Blue Wet Mount • Should be prepared each time amoebic trophozoites are seen in a saline wet mount, or when their presence is suspected. • BMB stains amoebic trophozoites, but not stain amoebic cysts, flagellate trophozoites or flagellate cysts. • BMB stain is appropriate only for fresh unpreserved specimens. • BMB stain live organism only, it isn’t used on preserved samples in which the organism have been killed • Wait for five minutes to allow the stain to penetrate the trophozoites. It will overstrain the trophozoites in 30 minutes. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Notice • Formed stool: take the portion of stool from an area to include inside and outside parts of the specimen. • Stool with mucus: if mucus is present, label a second slide with the patient’s name or number. Put a drop of saline on the slide, pick up a small portion of mucus and mix with the saline. Trophozoites, if present, are sometimes more readily found in mucus than in the solid parts of the stool. • Loose watery stool: if mucus is not present, pick up a small portion of the stool (any part) and mix with the saline. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Making Direct smear Microscopy • Materials and reagents: • Microscopic slides. • Cover slips. • Applicator sticks. • Marker or pen for labeling. • Reagents: • Saline solution(isotonic) • Lugolsiodine(1% solution) • BMB Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Wet mount procedures • Examine the slide on microscope: • 10X • 40X Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Result of Examination • If no parasites are found: • “No ova or parasites seen”, and specify whether this result was obtained by direct examination or by a concentration method (name method used). • Never state categorically: “No parasites” • If any parasites are seen, write the scientific name of the parasite with stages • Example: Giardia lambilia cyst Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

• More by User

Zinc Sulphate technique. Advantages:Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique is useful for the recovery of protozoan cysts and helminthes eggs.Disadvantages:Large trematode eggs, some tape worm eggs, and infertile Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are not concentrated by this method.. Raed Z. Ahmed,

897 views • 19 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Concentration techniques. The microscopic examination of feces is required for the recognition and identification of intestinal parasites: Direct Microscopy: Advantages Useful for the observation of motile protozoan trophozoites. Disadvantages

569 views • 18 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Testing For Fecal Occult blood . Fecal Chemical Tests. Fecal Occult Blood Test “ FOBT”. Hematemesis : bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract may be rapid with the vomiting of blood. Melaena : the passage of blood through the rectum.

993 views • 30 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Stoll’s method. Counting of Helminthes Eggs. Counting helminthes eggs in feces . The intensity of an intestinal helminthes infection may sometimes be indicated by the concentration of its eggs in feces. Eggs counts can be value in epidemiological surveys.

460 views • 14 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Thick & Thin Blood Smear. Detection of Blood Parasites. Blood Examination. The most commonly used technique for blood examination is stained blood films. Geimsa stain is usually used to stain the films.

1.56k views • 31 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Zinc Sulphate method. Zinc Sulphate technique. Advantages: Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique is useful for the recovery of protozoan cysts and helminthes eggs. Disadvantages:

614 views • 19 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Testing For Fecal Occult Blood. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Fecal Chemical Tests. Fecal Occult Blood Test “ FOBT”. Hematemesis : bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract may be rapid with the vomiting of blood.

531 views • 11 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Concentration techniques. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. The microscopic examination of feces is required for the recognition and identification of intestinal parasites: Direct Microscopy: Advantages

515 views • 18 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Concentration techniques. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Flotation Method. Concentration Methods. Sedimentation method Modified Formal- Ether sedimentation technique Acid- Ether sedimentation technique Flotation method Saturated Salt Solution technique

1.75k views • 28 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Thick & Thin Blood Smear. Detection of Blood Parasites. Blood Examination. The most commonly used technique for blood examination is stained blood films. Geimsa stain is usually used to stain the films.

699 views • 33 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Artifacts. Definition . Artifacts: other things, living or artificial, present in the stool that are not parasites and could mislead the laboratory worker. Note: “Artifacts not to be mistaken for cysts”. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012.

955 views • 39 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. . Introduction . Topics. Introduction Sample Collection and Preservation Methods Wet mount Preparation Normal saline 0.85% Iodine BMB Artifacts Concentration Techniques Modified Formal- Ether Sedimentation technique Acid- Ether Sedimentation technique

1.7k views • 37 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Staining of Parasites. Protozoa in wet mount. Saline wet mount: In saline wet mount, trophozoites and cyst of amoeba, flagellates and ciliate may be seen. Cyst will appear as round or oval, refractile structure.

607 views • 30 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Artifacts. Definition. Artifacts: other things, living or artificial, present in the stool that are not parasites and could mislead the laboratory worker. Note: “Artifacts not to be mistaken for cysts”. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012. Blastocystis.

891 views • 37 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab

Introduction. Medical Parasitology Lab. Topics. Introduction Sample Collection and Preservation Methods Wet mount Preparation Normal saline 0.85% Iodine BMB Artifacts Concentration Techniques Modified Formal- Ether Sedimentation technique Acid- Ether Sedimentation technique

1.19k views • 36 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Testing For Fecal Occult Blood. Fecal Chemical Tests. Fecal Occult Blood Test “ FOBT”. Hematemesis : bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract may be rapid with the vomiting of blood. Melaena : the passage of blood through the rectum.

302 views • 11 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Prepared By: Mr. Raed Z. Ahmed. Medical Entomology. Medical Entomology. Entomology : the science that concerned in the study of insects.

239 views • 9 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Staining of Parasites. Intestinal Protozoa. Cryptosporidium parvum. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012. Cryptosporidium parvum. Infect human and most mammals. The infective stage is oocyst containing sporozoites measuring 4-6µ in diameter.

474 views • 43 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Introduction. Topics. Introduction Sample Collection and Preservation Methods Wet mount Preparation Normal saline 0.85% Iodine BMB Artifacts Concentration Techniques Modified Formal- Ether Sedimentation technique Acid- Ether Sedimentation technique

450 views • 36 slides

381 views • 37 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Artifacts. Definition. Artifacts: other things, living or artificial, present in the stool that are not parasites and could mislead the laboratory worker. Note: “Artifacts not to be mistaken for cysts”. Blastocystis.

412 views • 37 slides

Medical Parasitology Lab. Medical Entomology. Medical Entomology. Entomology : the science that concerned in the study of insects. There are many of medically important insects, that cause disease to human by itself or by transporting infective stage of another parasite.

137 views • 8 slides

• Upload Ppt Presentation
• Upload Pdf Presentation
• Upload Infographics
• User Presentation
• Related Presentations

Antiviral Drugs

By: FrankMarco Views: 593

Metabolism-Anabolism And Catabolism

By: FrankMarco Views: 760

Neurological Emergencies

By: FrankMarco Views: 399

Basics of Ayurveda

By: FrankMarco Views: 471

Thyroid And Anti-Thyroid Drugs

By: FrankMarco Views: 726

Acute Respiratory Failure

By: yourdoctors Views: 863

The Citric Acid Cycle

By: KhushbuSG Views: 624

Pain Management in Elderly Patients

By: medhelp Views: 430

By: ageekdidit Views: 1161

Medication Assisted Treatment

By: KhushbuSG Views: 710

• About : Foundation Year 1 Doctor
• Occupation : Medical Professional
• Specialty : MD
• Country : United Kingdom

HEALTH A TO Z

• Eye Disease
• Heart Attack
• Medications