safety and health assignment

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Health and safety assignment

Helen Bridgewater Develop Health and safety and risk management policies, procedures and practices in Health and Social Care or children and young people settings. Learning Outcome 1 1. Explain the legislative framework for health, safety and risk management in work setting. Health and Safety at work act (HSW Act) The Act was introduced in 1974 and is the main piece of the health and safety legislation in Great Britain. Before this Act was introduced, health and safety with regards to workplaces tended to be industry-specific, and was largely reactive instead of proactive, meaning that new legislation was only introduced after a serious accident had taken place. Prior to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 being introduced, existing health and safety legislation concentrated more on ensuring that the equipment being used was safe, rather than raising the awareness of employees to work safely and take responsibility for occupational health and safety. Although the Act is dated 1974, it is still current. The health and safety at Work Act 1974 is an enabling Act, allowing further laws (regulations) to be made without the need to pass another Act. Some regulations apply across all industries, for example Manual Handling, but others cover hazards which are unique to certain industries such as construction or mining. Inspectors work either for the health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the Local Authority, and have a number of rights, including the right to: • Enter premises at any reasonable time • Examine and investigate the premises, as well as require it to be left undisturbed and as it is. • Take samples and photographs, and remove equipment or substances if deemed necessary • Require the production of relevant documentation • Seize, destroy or render harmless any article or hazardous substance if deemed necessary • Issue an enforcement notice and initiate a prosecution. As well as the rights listed above the inspectors have a number of actions available to them once they have concluded their findings. These range from taking no action, to giving verbal or written advice, to serving a prohibition notice or even commencing prosecution proceedings if there is sufficient evidence and it is considered to be in the public interest. Tragic events can happen when the legal aspects of care are either ignored or treated with disdain. Failure to uphold the law can lead to devastating consequences not only to the clients but to staff, visitors and even the care establishment as a whole. There are many laws in place here are a few: Health and Safety (first aid) regulations 1981: The purpose is to ensure that everyone has access to immediate first aid care in the workplace. It is my responsibility to ensure that designated first aiders have sufficient training and that it is maintained. All first aid boxes must be checked and supply resources. Personal protective Equipment at Work Regulations (1992) PPE: The purpose is to minimise cross infection in the workplace. It is my responsibility to ensure that staff are aware of infection control procedures and are trained in dealing with potential cross infection and to supply work wear and PPE. Provision and use of Work Equipment 1998 (PUWER): the purpose is to minimise the risks due to the use of equipment. It is my responsibility to ensure that all staff are trained in equipment they use and that it is maintained and safe to use.

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Research Policy Handbook

Health and Safety: Principles, Responsibilities and Practices

Policy authority.

University Committee on Health and Safety

Operations Council

University Cabinet

Policy Contact

Now in Policy Details

This manual provides information about policies, procedures, and guidelines related to health and safety at Stanford. Topics covered include responsibilities, services provided by the Department of Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S), a variety of topics related to workplace safety (e.g. asbestos, ergonomics), the management of hazardous materials, and how to prevent and handle emergencies.

1. Principles

Safety is a core value at Stanford and the University is committed to continued advancement of an institutional safety culture with strong programs of personal safety, accident and injury prevention, wellness promotion, and compliance with applicable environmental and health and safety laws and regulations.

Stanford University makes all reasonable efforts to:

• Promote occupational and personal safety, health and wellness;
• Protect the health and safety of Stanford University faculty, staff and students;
• Provide information to faculty, staff, and students about health and safety hazards;
• Identify and correct health and safety hazards and encourage faculty, staff, and students to report​ potential hazards;
• Conduct activities in a manner protective of the environment, and inform the Stanford community regarding environmental impacts associated with institutional operations; and
• Maintain a risk-based emergency management program to reduce the impact of emergency events to the Stanford community.

2. Responsibilities

Adherence to good health and safety practices and compliance with applicable health and safety regulations are a responsibility of all faculty, staff, and students. Line responsibility for good health and safety practice begins with the supervisor in the workplace, laboratory or classroom and proceeds upward through the levels of management. For detailed guidance on individual safety responsibilities under Cal/OSHA, refer to the University’s  Illness and Injury Prevention Program (IIPP) .

In academic areas, supervisors include faculty/principal investigators, laboratory directors, class instructors, or others having direct supervisory and/or oversight authority. Academic levels of management are the department chairperson or Independent Lab director, dean, the Dean of Research, and the Provost. Administrative levels of management include managers, directors, and vice presidents.  Final responsibility for health and safety policy and programs rests with the President of the University.

The Associate Vice Provost for EH&S and the University Committee on Health and Safety are responsible for recommending University-wide health and safety policies to the President.

The Associate Vice Provost for EH&S is responsible for ensuring overall institutional compliance with applicable policies, statutes, and regulations; monitoring the effectiveness of the safety programs; and providing central health and safety services and support to all areas of the University.

A. Supervisory Responsibilities

University supervisors, including faculty supervisors and Principal Investigators (PIs), are responsible for protecting the health and safety of employees, students and visitors working under their direction or supervision. This responsibility entails:

• Being current with and implementing Stanford University health and safety policies, practices and programs;
• Ensuring that workplaces, including laboratories, and equipment are safe and well maintained;
• Ensuring that workplaces or laboratories are in compliance with Stanford policies, programs and practices, and
• Ensuring that employees, students and visitors under their supervision or within their work areas have been provided with appropriate safety training and information, and adhere to established safety practices and requirements.

B. Managerial Responsibilities

University managers, academic and administrative, are responsible for ensuring that:

• Individuals under their management have the authority to implement appropriate health and safety policies, practices and programs;
• Areas under their management have adequate resources for health and safety programs, practices, and equipment; and 
• Areas under their management are in compliance with Stanford University health and safety policies, practices and programs.

C. Environmental Health and Safety Responsibilities

Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) is responsible for:

• Reviewing legislation, recommending policies, and monitoring compliance with environmental and health and safety statutes and regulations and University health and safety policies and programs;
• Developing institutional safety and compliance programs and assisting schools, departments, faculty, and managers with implementation
• Providing guidance and technical assistance to supervisors and managers in the schools, departments, and other work units in identifying, evaluating, and correcting health and safety hazards;
• Developing programs for the safe use of hazardous radiological, biological, and chemical substances and lasers;
• Providing training materials, assistance, and programs in safe work practices;
• Providing guidance on effective emergency management and business continuity programs, and providing emergency response services for incidents involving hazardous materials;
• Providing fire prevention, inspection, engineering and systems maintenance services; and
• Hazardous waste management and disposal services.

While EH&S is responsible for developing and recommending relevant health and safety policies, institutional policy approval rests with other University authorities,(e.g., President, Provost, Vice Provost and Dean of Research, Faculty Senate, University Cabinet, University Committee on Health and Safety, Committee on Research, Administrative Panels for Research Oversight, etc.) depending on the content of the proposed policies.

D. Faculty, Staff, and Student Responsibilities

Faculty, staff and students are responsible for:

• Keeping themselves informed of conditions affecting their health and safety;
• Participating in safety training programs as required by Stanford policy and their supervisors and instructors; 
• Adhering to health and safety practices in their workplace, classroom, laboratory and student campus residences; Advising of or reporting to supervisors, instructors or EH&S potentially unsafe practices or serious hazards in the workplace, classroom or laboratory.

E. Safety Performance

Each individual at Stanford is expected to perform all work safely. Managers and supervisors shall establish and maintain a system of positive reinforcement and escalated discipline to support good health and safety practices. Safety performance shall be a part of every individual’s role and responsibility as well as performance expectation and evaluation.

3. Providing a Safe Workplace

Stanford's program for providing a safe workplace for faculty, staff and students includes: facility design; hazard identification, workplace inspection and corrective action; shutdown of dangerous activities; medical surveillance: and emergency preparedness. In addition to this general institutional health and safety policy, additional hazard specific policies and requirements may apply to different work and learning environments at Stanford and will be found in the  Research Policy Handbook  and at the EH&S Website.

A. Facility Design

Facilities will be designed in a manner consistent with health and safety regulations and standards of good design. Those University departments charged with primary responsibility for the design, construction, and/or renovation of facilities, together with EH&S shall ensure that there is appropriate health and safety review of facility concepts, designs, and plans.

In case of disagreement between EH&S and the cognizant facilities department, the conflict shall be resolved by the Vice Provost and Dean of Research in consultation with the cognizant vice president or dean and the Provost (or designate). The determination of the Vice Provost and Dean of Research may be stayed by the Associate Vice Provost for EH&S pending a prompt appeal to the President.

B. Hazard Identification and Correction

Stanford University encourages employees and students to report health and safety hazards to their supervisors, managers, or EH&S. Employees and students shall not be discriminated against in any manner for bona fide reporting of health and safety hazards to Stanford or to appropriate governmental agencies. Supervisors shall inform students and employees of this policy and encourage reporting of workplace hazards.

Supervisors, both faculty and staff, shall assure that regular, periodic inspections of workplaces are conducted to identify and evaluate workplace hazards and unsafe work practices.

• The frequency of inspections should be proportional to the magnitude of risk posed in the particular workplace.
• Means of correcting discovered hazards and/or protecting individuals from the hazards shall be determined and implemented appropriately.
• Unsafe conditions which cannot be corrected by the supervisor or manager must be reported to the next higher level of management. Any individual, supervisor or manager who becomes aware of a serious concealed danger to the health or safety of individuals shall report this danger promptly to the Department of EH&S and to the faculty, staff and students who may be affected.

C. Shutdown of Dangerous Activities

The Associate Vice Provost for EH&S has the authority to curtail or shut down any University activity considered to constitute a clear and imminent danger to health or safety. In the event of such curtailment or shutdown, the cognizant dean, director or vice president and the Provost (or designate) shall be immediately notified.

In cases of dispute, an order to curtail or shutdown will remain in effect until the Provost or the Vice Provost and Dean of Research (or their respective designates) determine in writing that the danger has passed or been mitigated or that the order should be rescinded for other reasons.

Should the Associate Vice Provost for EH&S disagree with a determination to restore a curtailed or shutdown activity, the Associate Vice Provost for EH&S may promptly appeal the matter to the President. In the event of an appeal, the order to curtail or shutdown shall be in effect until the President determines otherwise.

D. Providing Medical Surveillance

Stanford University shall evaluate and monitor, through a program of medical surveillance, the health of Stanford University faculty, staff and students who are exposed to certain hazardous materials and situations as defined by law or University policy. Each supervisor is responsible for ensuring that employees and students under their supervision participate in the medical surveillance program as required by University policy. EH&S will monitor medical surveillance program participation. Each University department/school shall administer the program for faculty, staff and students covered by University policy.

E. Emergency Response and Preparedness

EH&S coordinates overall emergency response planning for the institution and provides guidelines for departmental emergency response plans. Every department shall have an individual emergency response plan and shall develop business continuity and contingency plans and implement appropriate mitigation programs to reduce the impact of emergency events.

Schools and departments shall maintain local departmental emergency operations centers and communications capabilities according to guidelines in the campus emergency plan. Multiple departments located within individual buildings will jointly develop comprehensive building-based life safety response plans.

Emergency plans shall include evacuation and assembly procedures, posted evacuation maps, reporting and communication practices, training, and drills.

4. Safety Communication and Training

Safety and compliance required training shall be communicated in a manner readily understandable to faculty, staff and students, in accordance with the communication policy outlined below.

A. Systems of Communication

Managers and supervisors, both faculty and staff, shall establish, implement and maintain a system for communicating with employees and students about health and safety matters. Information should be presented in a manner readily understood by the affected employees and students. Due attention must be paid to levels of literacy and language barriers. Verbal communications should be supplemented with written materials or postings if appropriate. Whenever appropriate, statutes and policies affecting employees and students shall be available in the workplaces.

B. Communication About Hazards

Faculty, staff, and students who may come in contact with hazardous substances or practices either in the workplace or in laboratories shall be provided information concerning the particular hazards which may be posed, and the methods by which they may deal with such hazards in a safe and healthful manner. In areas where hazardous chemicals or physical agents are used, handled, or stored, communication about these hazards shall conform to the  Research Policy Handbook EH&S Requirements  for laboratory facilities and the  Hazard Communication Program  for all other campus workplaces.

C. Training

Supervisors, including faculty, shall be experienced, trained or knowledgeable in the safety and health hazards to which employees and students under their immediate direction and control may be exposed, and shall be knowledgeable of current practices and safety requirements in their field.

Faculty, staff and students shall have or be provided the knowledge to protect themselves from hazards in their working and learning environment. Supervisors, both faculty and staff, shall ensure that employees and students have received appropriate training and information regarding:

• General health and safety practices of the workplace or laboratory, including emergency procedures;
• Job-specific health and safety practices and hazards;
• Recognition and assessment of health and safety risks; and,
• How to minimize risks through sound safety practices and use of protective equipment; and,
• Awareness of appropriate practices to protect the environment.

Training shall occur when:

• An employee is hired or student is new to the laboratory;
• An employee or student is given a new assignment for which training has not previously been received; and
• New hazards are introduced by new substances, processes or equipment.

Faculty, staff and students should, periodically, be retrained or demonstrate an understanding of current standard safety practices and requirements for their areas.

5. Documentation and Recordkeeping

Documentation and records as required by regulation shall be kept to demonstrate compliance with applicable statutes, regulations and policies. Requirements and procedures for such recordkeeping can be found in the  Research Policy Handbook  and at the EH&S website.

Current Version: 10.01.12

Original Version: 04.01.91

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Health and Safety Risk Assessment

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General Health and Safety Risk Assessment

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This General Health and Safety Risk Assessment template can be used by managers and safety officials when managing health and safety hazards at work. Spot potential and existing hazards such as biological, chemical, energy, environmental, and the like. Evaluate each hazard’s risk level and provide preventive control measures. Monitor and review planned control measures and advise if further measures are required. Lastly, use this health and safety risk assessment form to provide overall recommendations to avoid and manage risk hazards. Use SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor) to capture photos of frequently ignored and undetected hazards and assign actions to notify your managers of immediate risks.

What is a Health and Safety Risk Assessment?

A health and safety risk assessment is a process that identifies, analyzes, controls, and eliminates hazards that can cause injury or illness to the workforce and negatively impact the business. Employers are required by law to conduct health and safety risk assessments to ensure the safety of their employees and the public.

What are the Most Common Health and Safety Risks?

Among all the variety of risks in the workplace, here are three of the most common risks to occupational health and safety according to the latest statistics from the UK’s Health and Safety Executive (HSE):

Manual Handling and Repetitive Action

According to the HSE, manual handling , awkward or tiring positions, working with keyboards, and repetitive actions are the main causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Self-reported cases have been in decline over the years but these still continue to be one of the highest health and safety risks in the workplace particularly among the following industries: agriculture, construction, healthcare, and social work.

Mental Health

Cases are on the rise for work-related stress, depression, or anxiety mostly caused by workload, lack of support, workplace violence, bullying, and even work changes. These challenges to mental health are highest in HVAC supply, public administration, healthcare, and education. Steps can be taken to recognize challenges and extend assistance to employees who need help and support.

Respiratory Issues

Work-related respiratory issues are on the rise and these include cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asbestos-caused lung cancer, and mesothelioma which is also caused by past exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is recognized to be a dangerous material and safety measures have already been mandated to mitigate exposure.

5 Steps to Effectively Implement Health and Safety Risk Assessment

According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , employers and self-employed persons are legally required to make an assessment of health and safety risks that may be present in their workplace. Risk assessments should be carried out before proceeding with the work task. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to complete a health and safety risk assessment:

1. Identify the hazard

Walk around the workplace and assess activities, processes, or substances that could be a potential cause of injury. Hazards can be classified into 4 different types, these are:

• Physical (e.g., lifting, slips and trips , noise dust, machinery, etc.)
• Mental (e.g., excess workload, long hours, bullying, etc.)
• Chemical (e.g., asbestos, cleaning fluids, aerosols, etc.)
• Biological (e.g., infectious diseases, tuberculosis, hepatitis, etc.)

2. Determine who it affects and how

Once hazards are identified, identify which persons in the organization are at risk. Review work routine, location, and situation of employees. Another thing to consider is the health and safety of the public. This refers to those who don’t work in the organization but are exposed to potential hazards due to business operations. For example, in construction sites, passersby are at risk of potential injury from debris, chemical substances, etc.

3. Assess the risks and take corrective action

Employers must now analyze risks to determine the corrective actions to take. Two key questions to ask when assessing the risks and formulating corrective actions are:

• How bad would the most severe injury be if a person is exposed to the hazard?
• How likely is the person to be injured if exposed to the hazard?

4. Use health and safety risk assessment forms for better documentation

Risk assessments should be documented to serve as proof that it was carried out, and as a basis for later review of working practices. The report should include details of hazards identified and the corrective action taken.

5. Review risk assessment and update

Risk assessments should be reviewed regularly to check if the control measures taken are effective or needs updating. It should be reviewed every time a business goes through changes that may increase the likelihood of new hazards arising.

What are Health and Safety Risk Assessment Templates?

Health and Safety Risk Assessment forms are valuable tools used primarily to control risks in the workplace and to improve overall HSE management. These Health and Safety Risk Assessment templates can help you (1) identify health and safety hazards associated with job tasks, (2) determine the people at risk, (3) record and analyze significant data, and (4) set preventive measures to further reduce or eliminate risks.

We have collected 6 of the best digital templates that you can use for your health and safety risk assessments to help maintain and improve health and safety in your workplace. These templates can be downloaded for free into the SafetyCulture mobile health and safety software and enable you to perform paperless inspections on your hand-held device. Incorporate these HSE risk assessment tools with your company strategies and catch risks before things go wrong.

Featured Health and Safety Risk Assessment Templates

Hse management template.

This is a comprehensive HSE Management template that can be used by authorized personnel to evaluate how organizations and businesses manage health and safety in their workspace or environment. It is divided into 2 sections – HSE Management and HSE Performance Monitoring – and each entails an evaluation of HSE management protocols. Complete the audit by providing an overall rating of the HSE management and list all people involved in the evaluation. You can use the SafetyCulture app on your mobile anytime even while you’re offline .

Health and Safety Audit Checklists

Browse this collection of free health and safety audit checklists which can be used while conducting site walkthroughs, H&S staff induction, and OSHA regulatory inspection. Use SafetyCulture to eliminate paperwork, improve data gathering processes, and save all H&S reports in SafetyCulture’s secure cloud storage.

H&S Environment Risk Assessment Checklist

Environmental hazards such as odour, noise, vibrations, emissions, and structural ground have potential to negatively impact or affect people’s health and safety. Specific examples are asbestos, lead, pesticides, harmful gases, and trenching. You can use this checklist to assess if your workplace or area contain these harmful materials. Capture photo evidence of risks and submit reports to your managers in real time.

HSE Risk Assessment Form (Manual Handling)

Execution of incorrect manual handling and lifting practices can cause serious multiple musculoskeletal disorders and other serious accidents like cuts or fractures. Supervisors and safety managers can use this HSE Risk Assessment Form to evaluate how their workers perform tasks which require a lot of bodily strength. This checklist can be a useful tool to highlight problems and issues when lifting loads and materials.

COSHH HSE Risk Assessment Form

Exposure to hazardous chemicals and substances should be controlled to avoid the workers’ acquisition of diseases and other health problems. This Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) form can be used to identify the hazards associated with the activity or work processes involved with hazardous substances. List control measures and personal protective equipment to be used when handling these substances. Use SafetyCulture to conduct better risk assessments to reduce or eliminate health hazards.

Workplace Health and Safety Assessment Form

A workplace health and safety assessment form is used to examine and review if existing control measures are effective and efficient. Use this workplace health and safety assessment to identify hazards, and evaluate its severity, frequency, probability of loss, and significance.

Jairus Andales

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Job Safety Analysis

On this page, what is a job safety analysis, what are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis, who should conduct a job safety analysis , what are the basic steps, what is important to know when "selecting the job", how do i break the job into "basic steps", how do i "identify potential hazards", how do i "determine preventive measures", how should i communicate the information to everyone, appendix a: sample form for job safety analysis worksheet, appendix b: sample forms for tasks and job inventory.

A job safety analysis (JSA) is a process which helps assess a job to identify hazards and necessary control measures. In a job safety analysis, each basic step of the job is broken down into steps to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown.

Some individuals prefer to expand the analysis into all aspects of the job, not just safety. This approach is known as total job analysis. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job, not a separate entity. In this document, only health and safety aspects will be considered.

The terms "job" and "task" are commonly used interchangeably to mean a specific work assignment, such as "operating a grinder," "using a pressurized water extinguisher," or "changing a flat tire." Generally, a job or task can be further divided into many smaller steps. Job safety analyses are not suitable for jobs defined too broadly, for example, "overhauling an engine," or too narrowly, for example, "positioning car jack."

The initial benefits of developing a job safety analysis will become clear in the preparation stage. The analysis process may identify previously undetected hazards and increase the job knowledge of those participating. Safety and health awareness is raised, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance of safe work procedures is promoted.

A job safety analysis, or a written work procedure based on it, can form the basis for regular contact between supervisors and workers. It can serve as a teaching aid for initial job training and as a briefing guide for infrequent jobs. It may be used as a health and safety inspection or observation standard. In particular, a job safety analysis will assist in completing comprehensive incident investigations.

A job safety analysis is a good opportunity to observe a worker actually perform the job. The major advantage of observing the task is that it does not rely on individual memory and that observing or performing the process prompts the recognition of hazards. For infrequently performed or new jobs, observation may not be practical.

Another approach is to have a group of experienced workers and supervisors complete the analysis through discussion. An advantage of this method is that more people are involved in a wider base of experience and promoting a more ready acceptance of the resulting work procedure. Members of the health and safety committee should also participate in this process.

A job safety analysis can be conducted by a supervisor, health and safety specialist, or health and safety committee member. Generally, a small team which includes experienced workers and supervisors can analyze a job together through observation and discussion. By collaborating with the workers who are performing the job, there will be an increased acceptance of the resulting procedure and controls. In addition, the workers have the knowledge and experience required to identify actual and potential hazards associated with each step. 

Health and safety committee members or representatives play an important role in the job safety analysis and often have a legal obligation to participate in the process. They also provide practical work experience related to the risk evaluation and the feasibility of appropriate controls. 

Health and safety specialists may also participate in the job safety analysis to eliminate any oversight in accounting for potential hazards and related preventive measures.

The basic steps in conducting a job safety analysis are:

• Select the job to be analyzed
• Break the job down into a sequence of steps
• Identify potential hazards
• Determine preventive measures to control these hazards
• Communicate the results

Ideally, all jobs should be subjected to a job safety analysis. In some cases, practical constraints are posed by the amount of time and effort required to do a job safety analysis . Another consideration is that each job safety analysis will require revision whenever equipment, raw materials, processes, or the environment changes. For these reasons, it is usually necessary to identify which jobs are to be analyzed. Even if an analysis of all jobs is planned, this step ensures that the most critical jobs are examined first.

Factors to be considered in setting a priority for the analysis of jobs include:

• Incident frequency and severity: jobs where incidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in serious injuries.
• Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an incident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful products are potentially severe.
• Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated.
• Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures.
• Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non-routine jobs, and a JSA provides a means of reviewing hazards.

After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work. 

Care must be taken not to make the steps too general. Missing specific steps may make it difficult to identify potential hazards. On the other hand, if the steps are too detailed, the job safety analysis will be too long. A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less than ten steps. If more steps are required, you might want to divide the job into two segments, each with its separate job safety analysis , or combine steps where appropriate. As an example, the job of changing a flat tire will be used throughout this document.

An important point to remember is to keep the steps in their correct sequence. Any step that is out of order may cause a team to miss potential hazards or introduce hazards which do not actually exist. Make notes about what is done rather than how it is done. Start each item with an action verb. Appendix A (below) illustrates a format that can be used as a worksheet to prepare a job safety analysis . Job steps are recorded in the left-hand column, as shown here:

This part of the analysis is usually prepared by knowing the basic steps of a job or watching a worker do the job. The observer is normally the immediate supervisor. However, a more thorough analysis often happens by having another person, preferably a member of the health and safety committee, participate in the observation. Key points are less likely to be missed in this way.

The job observer should have experience with the task and be capable in all parts of the job. The reason for the exercise must be clearly explained to increase cooperation and participation. It should be emphasized that the focus of job safety analysis is to examine the job and not the person who is doing the job, with the goal of making the task safer by identifying and controlling hazards. The worker's experience contributes to making the job safer.

The job should be observed during normal times and situations. For example, if a job is routinely done only at night, the job safety analysis should also be done at night. Similarly, only regular tools and equipment should be used. The only difference from normal operations is the fact that the worker is being observed.

When completed, the breakdown of steps should be reviewed and discussed by all the participants (always including the worker) to make sure all basic steps have been noted and are in the correct order.

Once the basic steps have been recorded, actual and potential hazards must be identified at each step. Based on observations of the job, knowledge of incident and injury causes, and personal experience, list the things that could be unsafe at each step.

A second observation of the job being performed may be needed. Since the basic steps have already been recorded, more attention can now be focused on each hazard. At this stage, no attempt is made to solve any problems or correct any hazards which may have been detected.

To help identify potential hazards, the job analyst may use questions such as these (this is not a complete list):

• Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
• Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
• Can the worker make harmful contact with moving objects?
• Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
• Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
• Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
• Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
• Is there a danger from falling objects?
• Is lighting a problem?
• Can weather conditions affect safety?
• Is harmful radiation a possibility?
• Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic products?
• Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapours in the air?

Potential hazards are listed in the middle column of the worksheet, numbered to match the corresponding job step. For example:

Again, all participants should jointly review this part of the analysis.

The next step in a job safety analysis is to determine ways to eliminate the hazards or control the risks identified. Hazards should be controlled using the hierarchy of controls. The hierarchy of controls is a step-by-step approach to eliminating or reducing workplace hazards. For more information, please see the OSH Answers on Hierarchy of Controls . 

Following the same principles as the hierarchy of controls, you would implement preventive measures in the following order of preference: 

1. Eliminate the hazard

Elimination is the most effective measure. These techniques should be used to eliminate the hazards:

• Choose a different process
• Modify an existing process
• Substitute with less hazardous product
• Improve environment (e.g., ventilation)
• Modify or change equipment or tools

In the hierarchy of controls, these would be elimination or substitution controls. 

2. Contain the hazard

If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. These are generally engineering controls. 

3. Revise work procedures

Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Work procedures and training fall under administrative controls. 

4. Reduce the exposure

These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be required. To reduce the severity of an incident, emergency facilities, such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided. This preventive measure is also an administrative control. 

Reducing the exposure may include using personal protective equipment. It is important to note that personal protective equipment can limit exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard, but only if the personal protective equipment is worn and used correctly. 

In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution." Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable. The recommended measures are listed in the right-hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example:

A job safety analysis is a useful technique for identifying hazards so that workers and supervisors can take measures to eliminate or control hazards. The job safety analysis breaks down the job into steps that can be understood clearly; however, the table format may not always be the best way to communicate the information.

Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are or will be performing that job. The side-by-side format used in JSA worksheets is not ideal for instructional purposes. Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication format. For example, the work procedure based on the partial job safety analysis developed as an example in this document might start out like this:

1. Park vehicle

a) Drive the vehicle off the road to an area clear of traffic, even if it requires rolling on a flat tire. Turn on the emergency flashers to alert passing drivers so they will not hit you.

b) Choose a firm and level area for parking. You can jack up the vehicle to prevent rolling.

c) Apply the parking brake, leave the transmission in PARK, and place blocks in the front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite the flat. These actions will also help prevent the vehicle from rolling.

2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit

a) To avoid back strain, turn the spare tire up into an upright position in its well. Stand as close to the trunk as possible and slide the spare tire close to your body. Lift out the spare tire and roll to the flat tire.

3. Pry off the hub cap, loosen lug bolts (nuts)

a) Pry off the hub cap slowly with steady pressure to prevent it from popping off and striking you.

b) Using the proper lug wrench, apply steady pressure slowly to loosen the lug bolts (nuts) so that the wrench will not slip, get lost or hurt your knuckles.

4. And so on

• Fact sheet last revised: 2024-01-04

This form is required to comply with Headquarters U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) security requirements and ensure that your time with the DOE goes smoothly.  This information is needs to be received prior to your arrival in accordance with the timelines that your host has communicated with you.

For further information regarding this document, please refer to Chapter 6, Foreign Interaction , of the Headquarters Facilities Master Security Plan.

Unclassified Foreign National Visits and Assignments Questionnaire Part I Fillable pdf, Attachment 602-3

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Safety ambassadors add a layer of protection and engagement on VCU and VCU Health campuses

The vcu police unit’s members provide services that don’t require a sworn officer, and they give visitors a valuable point of contact in times of need..

8/27/2024 12:00:00 AM

By Corey Byers Standlick A recent addition to VCU Health's downtown Richmond campus is providing supplemental safety services to community members that do not require a sworn police officer. Activated in early 2023, the team of unarmed safety ambassadors – including several Virginia Commonwealth University students working part-time – have handled more than 5,800 calls for service on both the academic medical center and Monroe Park campuses, including self-initiated assignments. Calls include mental health checks, assisting drivers with automobile issues, picking up lost property and providing nonemergency transport of patients. They also assist police with staffing major events. John Venuti, VCU and VCU Health’s associate vice president for public safety and chief of police, says the team was developed in alignment with recommendations from VCU’s Safety and Well-being Advisory Committee . Its members guided VCU’s transition to a new public safety model, which aimed to equitably and more holistically foster the safety and well-being of every individual. “Ambassadors have been well-received because students and staff know they don’t have to speak with a police officer if it’s not necessary,” Venuti said. “The team is becoming a national model for alternate types of public safety personnel in higher education.” Safety ambassadors complete training that includes de-escalation of violence, mental health first aid, crisis intervention, traffic direction, using police radios, and administering CPR and first aid. During most of the school year, they can be seen on either campus between 8 a.m. and 11 p.m., seven days a week. Brian Sussman, supervisor of the safety ambassador program, oversees training and assignments. He says the team has a unique opportunity to de-escalate potentially volatile situations. “Safety ambassadors don’t wear vests or carry weapons,” he said. “Because they’re not armed, it shuts down a potential barrier with students and starts an immediate feeling of trust and understanding.” Sussman says safety ambassadors work on special events, including police outreach events, which helps bridge the gap between police and community members. Over time, the team’s responsibilities have grown. “From the time we began taking calls, we knew we had to grow and take on as much responsibility as we could when it came to assisting students and supporting police officers,” Sussman said. “Calls for assistance have grown over the last year, and we predict they will continue as we cement ourselves into the safety fabric of the university.” VCU Police focuses on its deployment of resources and how officers and ambassadors can best serve VCU, VCU Health and the surrounding community, Venuti says. “Keeping sworn officers available for more serious situations means better response times during critical incidents,” Venuti said. “This model allows us to help anyone needing assistance with minimal delays.” This summer, the team was highlighted by the Chronicle of Higher Education in a trends snapshot feature, “Expanding Partnerships to Keep Campuses Safe: A Time for Collaboration.” In a spring 2024 safety survey, 80% of respondents reported being aware of safety ambassadors. Additionally, 42% said having the ambassadors increased their feelings of safety.

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List of Occupational safety and healths in Seversk

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The Radiological Accident in the Reprocessing Plant at Tomsk

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INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in the Reprocessing Plant at Tomsk, Non-serial Publications , IAEA, Vienna (1998)

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Description

On 6 April 1993 a major radiological accident occurred at a plutonium extraction facility at a location then known as Tomsk-7, Russian Federation. The accident blew the concrete cover off the reaction vessel and led to widespread contamination of the site and the surrounding area up to a distance of 28 km. The report describes the events leading up to the accident and the radiological consequences. It provides a detailed description of the decontamination and recovery operations and gives an analysis of their effectiveness. Contents: Preamble; 1. Introduction; 2. Background information; 3. Fuel reprocessing at the radiochemical works; 4. The accident and its cause; 5. Radiological situation after the accident; 6. SCE site; 7. Surrounding area; 8. Recommendations.

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