popcorn in water science experiment

August 18, 2016

Explore the "POP" in popcorn

A bursting science project

By Science Buddies & Svenja Lohner

Can you pop any corn? Find the secret to making the best popcorn--with physics! 

George Retseck

Key concepts Physics Gases Plant science Food science

Introduction Do you like popcorn? It's not only a tasty snack but also fascinating to watch when it pops in the pot. Why does it do that? What makes the small popcorn kernel jump into the air and change its appearance? Where does the characteristic popping sound come from, and does every corn pop? There are many good questions about this simple snack. In this activity you will perform some popcorn science—and even get to snack on your results!

Background There are many corn varieties that can differ significantly from popcorn, which are not just dried kernels of the sweet corn we eat. Popcorn is actually a special variety of corn, and it is the only one that pops. The key to popcorn is the unique design of its kernels. Most importantly, its kernel consists of a very hard, mostly nonporous outer shell called pericarp. Inside the kernel there is not only the seed for a new corn plant but also water and soft starch granules that serve as a food source for the seed during germ sprouting. Although popcorn has been around for thousands of years, scientists only recently resolved the mystery behind the popping sound and the detailed mechanisms of how the popcorn bursts.

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The reason why popcorn pops is the water trapped inside its kernel. If the kernel is heated to a high enough temperature, this water will transform into steam. Due to the hard and mostly nonporous shell, the steam has nowhere to go, resulting in a buildup of pressure inside the kernel. Once the pressure gets high enough and the temperature reaches about 180 degrees Celsius (355 degrees Fahrenheit), the kernel hull bursts and the popcorn is turned inside out. The characteristic popcorn consistency and white-yellowish foamy appearance results from the starch inside the popcorn kernel. With high temperatures, the starch gelatinizes and then expands with the rapid burst of the kernel. Once it cools down, the solidified flake we know as popcorn is formed. The characteristic popping sound does not originate from the cracking of the hull as originally thought but results from the vapor release after the kernel has cracked.

There are many different methods of preparing the perfect popcorn, including making different popcorn shapes, but all efforts fail if the kernels do not meet specific requirements: The ideal popcorn kernel has an optimal moisture content of about 14 percent and is popped at a temperature of about 180 degrees C. A common way to assess popcorn quality is its “popping yield,” which you can calculate by counting how many kernels pop versus how many remain unpopped when the kernels are heated. You can also evaluate popcorn quality by measuring kernel expansion, which means how big the popped popcorn flakes get. Check out the quality of your popcorn kernels in this activity and get ready to make some popping noise!

Adult helper

Pot with lid

Vegetable oil

Heat-resistant bowl with a lid

Unpopped popcorn (at least 70 kernels)

Sharp knife

Three small cylindrical glasses

Scale that can measure 0.1-gram increments (optional)

Water (optional)

Preparation

Prepare three piles of popcorn with 20 kernels each.

Ask an adult helper to carefully crack open the hull of all 20 kernels from one pile with a sharp knife. This is best done by making a deep cut into the softer white part at the tip of the kernel. The kernel should be kept whole (not split into pieces) but the hull should be cracked.

Set your oven to 350 degrees F. Place one pile of 20 uncracked popcorn kernels into a heat-resistant bowl and put them in the oven for about 30 minutes. Use the oven mitts when you take them out. Let them cool down to room temperature afterward. How do the kernels look when they come out of the oven? Did the appearance of the kernels change?

Keep the last piles of kernels as they are.

With the help of an adult put the pot on the stove and add two teaspoons of vegetable oil into the pot.

Turn on the stove and set it to high. (Make sure you never work on the stove without adult supervision.)

Put three of the extra popcorn kernels (not from your three piles) into the pot, close the lid and wait until they pop. You can swirl the pot a little in between so the kernels don't get burned.

Once the three kernels have popped, remove them with a spoon and turn the heat down to medium. Add the pile of 20 regular, untreated, popcorn kernels into the pot and swirl it slightly to cover all the kernels with oil. Tilt the lid on the pot so steam can escape but be careful not to let hot oil splash out of the pot.

Wait a maximum of two minutes until all the kernels have popped or the popping has stopped. After two minutes take the pot from the stove and remove all 20 kernels. Put them aside for now—don't eat them yet! Be careful—you might need to wait for them to cool before you can count them. How many of the kernels have popped? What size are the flakes? Are they big or small? What color are they? Are they dark, brown or yellow? Was the popping sound very loud?

Take the pot from the stove and replenish the vegetable oil if necessary. Again, add three regular popcorn kernels (not from your pile) and wait until they all pop. Remove them from the pot before you proceed.

Now, take the pile of cracked popcorn kernels (that you cut with a knife) and add them to the pot. Swirl the pot slightly and keep it on medium heat with the lid tilted on top.

Leave the pot on the stove for two minutes, swirling slightly in between, and observe what happens. Take the pot from the stove after two minutes and assess your popping results. Did all the popcorn kernels pop? How does this popped popcorn look compared with the previous batch? Do you notice any differences? How big are the flakes this time?

Repeat these three steps but this time use the 20 popcorn kernels that you had previously heated in the oven. How do they look after two minutes of popping? Are there any unpopped kernels? Do you notice any size or color differences compared with the other popcorn? If there are differences, why do you think this is the case?

Take the three small cylindrical glasses and fill each one with a different batch of your 20 popped popcorn kernels (regular, cracked and preheated). They should each contain the same amount of popped kernels. Place them next to one another so you can assess the different volumes of the popcorn flakes. Are all the glasses filled up to the same height? Which popcorn kernels expanded the most? Which were the smallest? Can you explain the differences?

Finally, you can sample the popcorn from each of your piles. Which popcorn tastes the best? Is one more chewy or crisp than the other?

Extra: Test to find the ideal popcorn popping temperature. Set your oven to 180–190 degrees C (355–375 degrees F) and put a heat-resistant bowl with a lid with 20 regular popcorn kernels inside. Swirl the bowl occasionally and wait long enough so that the popcorn starts popping. After the popping slows down and stops take the bowl out of the oven using the mitts and count the popped kernels. Did all of the kernels pop? Repeat the same experiment but this time set the oven to about 170 degrees C (335 degrees F). Wait exactly as long as it took to pop the kernels at 180–190 degrees C then take the popcorn out of the oven. How many kernels popped at the lower temperature? What can you infer from your results about the optimal popping temperature?

Extra: In addition to preheating the popcorn kernels, take another 20 kernels and soak them in water for a few hours, then dry them afterward. Because the kernels will take up some water during the soaking you will increase the percentage of water inside the kernel. Repeat the popping process with these kernels. Will they pop at all? How many of them pop compared with the other popcorn kernels? Are their flakes the same size or bigger/smaller?

Extra: Ideal popcorn kernels contain about 14 percent water. You can estimate how much water is in your kernels by weighing them (plus oil and pot) before popping and afterward. From the difference in weight you can calculate the amount of water that has been lost as steam during the popping process. Does it come close to 14 percent? How could your measurement be improved?

Observations and results Did you get some nice fluffy popcorn? With the regular popcorn that you popped you should have gotten some big fluffy flakes from all of the kernels. Once they reach the right temperature in the pot and the vapor pressure inside the kernels gets high enough they burst open and jump into the air producing a nice popcorn puff. It probably didn't even take two minutes for all of them to pop. If you popped the kernels that you previously cut and cracked open, however, the result should have been different. After two minutes you might still have had some unpopped kernels, and the ones that did pop didn't get that big. The cracked kernels produce much smaller flakes because when you damage the kernel’s outer hull, the water vapor that is created during heating can easily escape through the crack. Therefore, less pressure is built up inside the kernel, which makes it either not pop at all or reduces the flake size after popping.

With the last popcorn batch that you preheated in the oven you should have seen a similar outcome. The kernels probably changed color and turned from yellow to brown during heating. The flake size should have also been smaller compared to the regular popcorn kernels. Because the kernel’s hull is not completely waterproof, preheating the kernels for 30 minutes at low temperature causes some of the water inside the kernel to evaporate. It did not create enough vapor pressure to burst the hull, rather the water escaped the kernel through tiny pores in the hull. Because of this reduced water content, the pressure couldn't build up as high in the preheated kernels, compared to the regular kernels during the popping process, which ultimately leads to smaller kernels. If the water percentage in the kernel is too low, the kernels won't pop at all because there is not enough pressure buildup.

You should have easily seen the difference in popcorn size and volume once you put the kernels into the glasses at the end of the activity. Although you put in the exact same number of popped kernels, the glass with the regular popcorn should have been filled up much higher than the other ones—again demonstrating that these “ideal” kernels pop and expand much better.

Cleanup Clean all your dishes. Make sure to let the oil in the pot cool down before you add any water to it. You can eat—and share—all of your popped popcorn.

More to explore Physicists Reveal the Secrets of Perfect Popcorn , from The Washington Post Popcorn Physics 101: How a Kernel Pops , from Scientific American Popcorn , from How Products are Made The Science of Popcorn , from Carolina Science Activity for All Ages! , from Science Buddies

This activity brought to you in partnership with Science Buddies

How to Make Dancing Popcorn (a Science Activity)

by Sarah | Activities , Learning , Science | 1 comment

In this article: Try this fun science activity with your kids and make some dancing popcorn!

Back 15 years ago when my oldest was about 3 years old, his absolute favorite activity was to make dancing popcorn. I recently resurrected the activity for my 3 year old (and my 8 year old, who was just as excited)

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For a kid, it almost seems like magic with popcorn kernels bouncing up and down dancing in water. But dancing popcorn is actually a great learning activity with lots of scientific principles at work.

Make your own dancing popcorn and have some good discussions about how it works with your kids!

How to Make Dancing Popcorn

Age levels: 2 and up

• 1 quart size jar
• 1 T Popcorn kernels (or more)
• 2-4 T baking soda
• 1 cup white vinegar

Now that you have all your supplies, let’s get dancing!

Start by filling the quart jar about 3/4 full of water. I put all of my supplies on a tray to minimize any mess.

Have your kids add in the baking soda and stir well, until the baking soda has dissolved completely.

Now drop in the pop corn kernels. If your kids are anything like mine they will likely want more than 1 T…we probably added at least 1/4 cup of popcorn.

Now it’s time for fun!

• Slowly pour in the vinegar, you may not need it all and if you pour too much too fast you will end up with a volcano-like eruption!
• You will know you have added enough vinegar when the popcorn kernels begin to rise and fall.

Observe Your Dancing Popcorn!

My 3 year old was mesmerized by watching the popcorn go up and down and up and down. But he was also very observant,  commenting on the bubbles that surrounded the kernels.

Here are some questions or things to discuss while watching your dancing popcorn:

Why is the popcorn going up? (the bubbles around the kernels are lifting them up)

Why does the popcorn sink when it gets to the top?  (some of the bubbles pop when they reach the surface)

What is making the bubbles?  (the carbon dioxide gas produced by the reaction of baking soda and vinegar)

You can also come up with other questions and hypothesize on the answers (and then give it a try). Things like:

• What will happen if you add more vinegar?
• What will happen if you add more baking soda?
• Can the bubbles support other items?

How Does Dancing Popcorn Work?

In case it’s been awhile since your last chemistry class, let’s talk about how this little experiment works.

Baking soda is a bicarbonate(or NaHCO3) and it’s a base. Vinegar is an acetic acid (or HCH3COO), which of course is an acid.

When these 2 combine a chemical reaction occurs. As a result of this chemical reaction, carbon dioxide gas is produced. (Here’s a more exact description of what happens during the reaction )

When this reaction happens under water the carbon dioxide gas is trapped in bubbles which then collect on the popcorn kernels.

When enough bubbles have collected the kernels begin to rise.

Remember in the movie UP! when they attach so many helium balloons to the house the house can fly? It’s similar to that.

But what happens when some of those balloons pop? The house starts to sink. The same is true for the popcorn.

When the bubbles reach the top of the jar and hit the air, the gas is released and they bubbles pop. Once a few bubbles have popped there’s no longer enough gas to support the popcorn and it begins to sink.

What makes it dance? The process repeats! As the kernel sinks, more bubbles start to collect again and it rises once more.

The popcorn will dance and dance until the reaction has released all of the carbon dioxide.

Want to make the experiment last longer? Just add more baking soda and vinegar!

Looking for more Baking Soda and Vinegar Activities? Check out the activities below:

7 Baking Soda and Vinegar Activities for Kids!

For More Science Fun Checkout These Articles:

Acid or Base Experiment for Kids

Oil and Water Sensory Bag

Learn About the Butterfly Life Cycle with Real Butterflies

Fire Slime for Science Fun!

Simple Chemical Reaction Experiment (That Gives Off Heat!)

Have fun learning chemistry with this fun dancing popcorn activity!

• A quart glass jar
• plastic tray (optional)

Instructions

• Start by filling the quart jar about 3/4 full of water
• Add in the baking soda and stir well ( until the baking soda has dissolved completely)
• Add the pop corn kernels to the jar
• Observe and discuss!

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This was so helpful!!! My younger sister did this experiment as a presentation for her yr 2 class. They loved it, thanks so much 😊

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Dancing Popcorn Experiment: How-To Plus Free Worksheet

Things are about to get poppin’!

This fun experiment will be sure to delight any kid (or adult)! In the dancing popcorn experiment, kids learn about simple chemical reactions using only a few ingredients found in most pantries. Read on to see how to do the experiment, and  fill out the form on this page  to grab your free recording sheet.

How does the dancing popcorn experiment work?

This science experiment produces carbon dioxide (CO2) gas when different chemicals are mixed together. The gas that is formed makes the popcorn kernels rise to the surface of the liquid. The kernels fall back toward the bottom of the liquid when the gas is released. The up-and-down motion of the kernels makes it appear that the popcorn is, as the name of the experiment implies, dancing!

What does the dancing popcorn experiment teach?

This very simple experiment teaches kids about density as well as acid-base reactions.

Is there a dancing popcorn video?

This video shows two different ways to do the dancing popcorn experiment, using slightly different ingredients.

Materials Needed

To do the dancing popcorn experiment, you will need:

• Clear vase or large jar
• Popcorn kernels
• Alka-Seltzer tablets
• Baking soda

Use our free recording sheet for the experiment too! Fill out the form on this page to get it.

Dancing popcorn experiment steps:

1. Pour approximately 1 cup of dried popcorn kernels into a clear jar or vase. Note: You may need to alter the amount of each of the ingredients based on the size of the container you are using.

2. Next, pour approximately 2 cups of water into the container. ADVERTISEMENT

3. Drop in the Alka-Seltzer tablets.

4. Finally, stir all the ingredients together.

1. Pour approximately 1 cup of dried popcorn kernels into a clear jar or vase.

2. Next, pour in approximately 2 cups of vinegar.

3. Finally, add in a tablespoon or two of baking soda.

Grab our free dancing popcorn experiment worksheet!

Fill out the form on this page to get your worksheet. The worksheet asks kids to guess the correct order of the steps in the experiment. Next, kids must make a prediction about what they think will happen. They can use the provided spaces to draw what happens before and after they add the dish soap. Did their predictions come true?

Additional Reflection Questions

• What happened when we added the Alka-Seltzer to the mixture in Method 1?
• What happened when we added the baking soda to the mixture in Method 2?
• What do you think causes the popcorn kernels to appear to dance?
• What do you think would happen if we added more or less baking soda to the mixture in Method 2?
• What do you think would happen if we used a liquid other than water in Method 1?
• What do you think would happen if we used a liquid other than vinegar in Method 2?

Can the dancing popcorn experiment be done for a science fair?

Yes! If you want to do the dancing popcorn experiment for a science fair, we recommend switching up some of the variables. For example: Does the amount of liquid matter? Does how quickly you add the Alka-Seltzer or baking soda matter? What about how slowly or quickly you stir it or what you use to stir it? Form a hypothesis about how changing the variables will impact the experiment. You can even dye the popcorn kernels rainbow colors ahead of time for a spectacular effect. Good luck!

Looking for more experiment ideas? Check out our  big list of easy science experiments here.

Plus, be sure to  subscribe to our newsletters  to find out when more articles like this are posted., you might also like.

40 Easy Kindergarten Science Experiments for Hands-On Learning

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Dancing Popcorn Science and STEM Experiment

• buoyancy, sink, float
• states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases)
• chemical changes
• making and confirming predictions
• vocabulary development: carbon dioxide

Dancing Popcorn STEM Experiment

Hypothesis / Prediction

• popcorn kernels (not microwave popcorn)
• seltzer water or clear carbonated soda
• clear glass or cup
• Pour some seltzer water into the glass.  Exact amounts aren't needed.
• Drop 10 popcorn kernels into the seltzer water one at a time.

Additional Questions

• What happens if I drop all 10 popcorn kernels into the seltzer water at once?
• What happens if I drop more than 10 popcorn kernels into the seltzer water?
• What happens if I stir the seltzer water with the popcorn kernels in it?

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Dancing Corn Experiment

Can you make popcorn dance? This dancing corn experiment can be done any time of the year, but it’s particularly fun during the Fall season. It is a  simple science experiment that  everyone will love!

Dancing Popcorn Experiment

💡 Explore more popcorn science with our fun popcorn in a bag activity! This is always popular to add to a fall science lesson plan.

Watch the Video

• Tall Jar or Glass {mason jars work well}
• 1/8-1/4 cup of popping corn
• 2 tbsp of baking soda
• 1 cup  of vinegar (use as needed)
• 2 cups of water

💡Want to try it with clear soda instead of baking soda and vinegar? Click here for dancing cranberries!

Instructions:

STEP 1. Grab your ingredients and let’s get started! You can use just about any tall glass or jar. An adult might want to assist with the measuring and pouring if necessary, but it’s also great practice for junior scientists.

STEP 2.   You can then have the kiddos fill the jar with 2 cups of water to start.

STEP 3 . Add 2 tablespoons of baking soda and stir well to mix thoroughly. You can also talk about which solids dissolve in water !

STEP 5. Now add the popping corn kernels or popcorn. You don’t need to add too many for a fun dancing effect.

At this point, you have the perfect opportunity to talk about predictions and have your kids predict what they think will happen when the vinegar is added.

STEP 6 . Now here comes the fun part of our dancing popcorn science project, adding the vinegar.

I would suggest adding the vinegar slowly. I filled a small party cup with vinegar. My son doesn’t do anything slowly, but he loves a good eruption!

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: Erupting Volcano Experiments

How Does The Dancing Popcorn Experiment Work?

A chemical reaction occurs between two or more substances that change and form a new substance. In this case, you have an acid (liquid vinegar) and a base (solid baking soda).

When the baking soda and vinegar are combined, they make a gas called carbon dioxide which produces the eruption you can see as well as the dancing action.

The secret to the magic dancing corn is the baking soda and vinegar chemical reaction. The carbon dioxide bubbles lift the corn, but as the bubbles pop, the corn falls back down! You can repeat this experiment over and over again. We watched the corn “dance” for 30 minutes!

Learn more about…

• Baking Soda and Vinegar Science Experiments
• Acids and Bases
• Chemical Changes

You can stir the mixture if you like or you can just observe it as is! Our dancing corn experiment lasted for a good half hour but slowed down along the way as the chemical reaction faded.

Using The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a process or method of research. A problem is identified, information about the problem is gathered, a hypothesis or question is formulated from the information, and the hypothesis is tested with an experiment to prove or disprove its validity.

READ MORE:   The Scientific Method For Kids With Examples

To apply the scientific method to the dancing corn experiment, start by identifying a problem or question. For instance, you might ask, “What will happen if corn kernels are added to a mixture of baking soda and vinegar?”

Next, form a hypothesis, such as, “If corn kernels are added to a mixture of baking soda and vinegar, then the corn kernels will start to dance.” To test this hypothesis, gather materials including corn kernels, baking soda, vinegar, and a clear container.

Record and analyze your observations to determine if they support your hypothesis, and consider conducting additional trials or modifying the experiment to further explore the phenomenon.

Fun Variations

Don’t have popcorn on hand? Here are some other easy ideas for setting up a similar experiment using everyday items you will find in your kitchen.

• Cranberries and soda
• We made sprinkles dance too! Thanks to a bit of physics!

FREE printable Thanksgiving Projects!

More Fun Science Experiments To Try

• Erupting Mentos and Coke Reaction
• Citric Acid and Baking Soda
• Elephant Toothpaste
• Egg In Vinegar
• Skittles Experiment
• Growing Borax Crystals
• Saltwater Density Experiment

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15 Comments

Isn’t it all magic until you learn the science behind it??

I still like to believe in a little magic!

I do a lot of cranberry activities for thanksgiving…i make dough or slime with pureed cranberry. I also make a cranberry bog with fresh cranberries and water and tractor toys…and crush them with mortar, pestles and coffee filters to remove the natural red die

What a fun activity exploring a fun chemical reaction! I love how enthusiastic your son looks as well! Fantastic science fun for fall.

this is a awesome science experiment that i would like to try it.

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FUN! My 12 year old and 2 year old are having a great time with this!

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This was great fun for our preschoolers to watch. They loved guessing what would happen and watching the reaction. Thank you!

Awesome! SO glad to hear. Kids have great questions.

Thanks for sharing your cute ideas! I want to make something fun to celebrate fall with the kids! We are getting back into a good routine these days! Now I just need to schedule their pediatric dentist appointments haha!

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Dancing Corn Experiment

Try this fun dancing corn experiment! You only need corn kernels, baking soda, water and vinegar! You can make the corn kernels dance using science!

RELATED: Oil and Water Experiment

Dancing Corn Science Experiment

In this experiment, you’ll use science to make the corn dance! You can even do this same experiment with raisins.

Supplies Needed for the Dancing Corn Experiment

– Corn kernels

– Baking Soda – we like this large bag for science activities

– Water

– Vinegar

– Clear vase or mason jar

What is the Science?

You see the bubbling and foaming in the jar, but what is causing this reaction?

The baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a base while the vinegar (acetic acid) is an acid and what you are seeing is an acid/base reaction. Initially, the reaction makes carbonic acid which is unstable and breaks down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water which is what creates all of the fizzing and bubbles as the gas leaves the water.

How Does the Popcorn Dance?

As the bubbles are created, the carbon dioxide bubbles attach to the corn kernels and bring the corn kernels to the surface of the water. The bubbles pop when they reach the surface and then the popcorn kernels sink back down to the bottom of the jar. Once on the bottom they collect more carbon dioxide bubbles and the process starts again. This is what makes it look like the popcorn kernels are “dancing”.

Watch the Video Tutorial Here!

How to do the dancing corn experiment.

1. Add 1/4 cup of corn kernels into the jar.

If your jar is smaller, you can use less kernels.

2. Add in water to fill the jar about 3/4 of the way full.

3. Add in 1 tablespoon of baking soda and mix until almost all dissolved.

Make sure the baking soda is spread evenly across all of the corn kernels.

4. Add in 1/4 cup of vinegar.

The vinegar and baking soda reaction will happen immediately. This may cause some of the water mixture to overflow from your jar, so protect your surface. It’s best if you can place the jar in a tray in case this happens.

If it overflows, the water mixture will settle and become clear. Once clear, you will be able to start watching the corn “dance”.

Now you can watch the corn “dance”!

The vinegar and baking soda reaction will cause bubbles that will carry the corn kernels to the surface of the water. As the bubbles pop, the corn kernels will drop back down and the process will continue, making it look like they are dancing!

For more fun ideas, see all of our science experiments.

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How To Make Popcorn Kernels Jump | Science Experiment For Kids

Have you ever made popcorn kernels “jump, dance or hop”?

This is a really cool science experiment to do with your kids that involves popcorn kernels, alka-selzter tablets and water. It’s very similar to our “dancing raisins” experiment except instead of using baking soda and vinegar, we used alka-seltzer tablets for that similar chemical reaction to take place.

I like doing experiments that have similar explanations and outcomes because then we can tie our learning concepts together. It makes learning really fun when the kids are able to predict what will happen based on the ingredients they use and it just helps to build that confidence. When we also conduct these simple hands on experiments, the kids already know what to expect and so it makes it easier each time you do an experiment.

So on to our experiment…

A Drinking Glass

Alka-Seltzer Tablets

10-15 Popcorn Kernels

** TIP : You’ll need about 1 tablet for every 4 ounces of fluid for it to be successful.**

Directions:

1: Pour water into a glass. Make sure to leave enough room at the top as we don’t want to water to overflow.

2: Add a few of the popcorn kernels into the water.

3: Add in the alka seltzer tablets .

4: After a few seconds, you’ll see the kernels start to “jump” around. Record your observations.

*Discard everything when done with experiment. DO NOT EAT*

Why do the popcorn kernels “jump”?

When the Alka-Seltzer tablets begin to dissolve in the water, it makes carbon dioxide bubbles, which then attaches to the kernel and makes it float to the top. When the CO2 bubbles pop, the kernels sink back down. And the cycle repeats!

Check out our video below!

Latest Posts:

How to Do the Dancing Popcorn Experiment

Categories Thanksgiving STEAM Activities , Science Experiments

Looking for a fun popcorn experiment? This dancing popcorn experiment is the perfect way to test the duration and effectiveness of different chemical reactions, and it takes just 3 ingredients to complete! This is one of our favorite quick STEM activities to try in the classroom or at home.

And who doesn’t love popcorn science?

The popcorn science experiment can be modified for almost any age group.

Easy Dancing Popcorn Chemistry Experiment

For preschoolers and early elementary students, you can use this activity as a fun Thanksgiving science experiment or simple science demonstration for chemical reactions.

Older children in elementary school and middle school can complete the full experiment with variations, testing, and a hypothesis.

Every popcorn experiment should include a hypothesis, a test, a variation, and data recording.

What NGSS Standards Does the Dancing Popcorn Experiment Meet?

This experiment can be used to meet the requirements for the following middle school and elementary school Next Generation Science Standards:

MS-PS1-2 Matter and its Interactions

Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.  

2-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions

Analyze data from tests of an object or tool to determine if it works as intended.

How Does the Dancing Popcorn Experiment Work?

This science experiment works through a chemical reaction.  The two chemicals react when mixed and form carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.  The gas forms bubbles that collect around the popcorn kernels.

The gas bubbles lift the kernels up to the surface of the liquid, and when the gas is released, the kernels fall back down into the jar, making it look like the kernels are dancing or jumping!

You may also like the complete list fall science experiments and fall STEM activities!

How Do You Make Dancing Corn?

This popcorn science project is a fun way to demonstrate chemical reactions and to determine which substances create the longest-lasting reaction.

You’ll want to have several jars on hand to test each mixture, and a timer to determine how long the kernels in each jar bounce before settling to the bottom of the jar.

Repeat the experiment multiple times for the most accurate results.

Dancing Corn Experiment STEM Extensions

When completing this experiment, test other chemical reactions to determine which produces the best results. You’ll get an awesome example of a chemical reaction this way!

• Alka-Seltzer tablets and water
• Baking soda and vinegar
• Lemon juice and baking soda
• Citric acid and baking soda
• Alka-seltzer tablets and oil

Dancing Popcorn Experiment Results

We found that the dancing popcorn experiment worked best when we used baking soda and vinegar.

Putting the baking soda into the vinegar slowly helped reduce the reaction time, enabling more of the popcorn kernels to “dance.”

Stirring the kernels with a fork helped them to bounce up and down in the water.

Our kernels bobbed in the vinegar solution for over a minute before finally falling to the bottom of the jar.

What you need to make popping corn kernels

You will need the following supplies for the dancing popcorn experiment:

• Alka-seltzer tablets
• Popcorn kernels
• Baking Soda
• Stop watch 

Dancing Popcorn Experiment Worksheet

Use the worksheet below to record the results of your corn experiment!

Simple Dancing Corn Experiment Directions

Follow along with these step-by-step directions for the dancing corn science experiment! Print out the instructions to use when you’re not at a computer or phone.

How to Do the Dancing Corn Experiment

With the dancing popcorn experiment, you can teach chemical reactions in seconds! The ultimate "wow" science experiment for kids!

• Clear jars or clear cups
• Stop watch or timer

Instructions

• Fill each jar half-way with your liquid of choice. Use water, oil, or vinegar.
• Cover the bottom of each jar with a small handful of popcorn kernels.
• Add the reactant to the jar and observe the carbon dioxide bubbles.
• You may need to stir the popcorn kernels up a bit to get them to start jumping.
• Time how long each set of kernels continues to bounce with the stop watch. Observe the popcorn kernels as they are lifted into the air.
• Watch the bubbles pop as they reach the surface of the jar.
• The longest-lasting jar has the longest reaction time.

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Two Little Learners

Dancing Popcorn Experiment: Fun and Easy Science for Kids

July 15, 2024 by [email protected] Leave a Comment

Looking for a quick and easy activity to entertain your kids? The dancing popcorn experiment is a simple and fun science activity that you can put together in just a few minutes using materials you probably already have in your kitchen. This experiment is perfect for those moments when you need to keep your kids occupied without a lot of prep work or mess.

The best part? This activity mesmerized both my kids and me! It was a fun little experiment that we all enjoyed together, watching in awe as the popcorn kernels danced around in the water. It’s an engaging way to introduce basic scientific concepts while having a blast. Whether you’re looking for a rainy day activity or just something to keep the kids entertained for a bit, dancing popcorn is sure to be a hit!

If you like this experiment, make sure you check out our lava lamp experiment here!

Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Materials for Dancing Popcorn Experiment

To set up the dancing popcorn experiment, you’ll need the following materials:

• Baking soda
• Popcorn kernels
• A glass jar or see-through container (I use a rinsed out pasta sauce jar with the label removed)

These simple ingredients are all you need to get started and watch the magic of dancing popcorn unfold!

How Long the Experiment Lasts

Our popcorn kernels danced around for a good 5-10 minutes before they really started to slow down. This means that this activity will keep going and hold your kids’ attention for a while! It’s the perfect amount of time to engage their curiosity and fascination with this simple yet mesmerizing experiment. So, you can sit back and enjoy the wonder on their faces as they watch the popcorn kernels bounce around in the jar, sip your morning coffee in peace, or even get a quick chore done.

Variations to the Dancing Popcorn Experiment

To make the dancing popcorn experiment even more fun and engaging, try these variations:

• Add Glitter : Sprinkle some glitter into the jar for a sparkling effect. The glitter will move around with the popcorn kernels, adding an extra element of visual interest.
• Use Food Coloring : Add a few drops of food coloring to the water before starting the experiment. This will create colorful dancing popcorn and make the activity even more captivating.
• Try Different Containers : Use different shapes and sizes of clear containers to see how the movement changes. Tall, narrow jars will produce different effects compared to short, wide ones.
• Experiment with Other Small Objects : Instead of popcorn kernels, try using other small, lightweight objects like raisins or dried beans. See how they move differently in the water.
• Add a Flashlight : Shine a flashlight from the side or bottom of the container to illuminate the bubbles and create a glowing effect. This is especially fun in a dimly lit room.

These variations can add extra excitement and creativity to the experiment, providing even more entertainment and learning opportunities for your kids.

What Kids Can Learn

The dancing popcorn experiment is not only fun but also educational. Here are some key concepts that kids can learn through this activity:

• Basic Chemistry : This experiment introduces kids to basic chemical reactions. When baking soda and vinegar combine, they create carbon dioxide gas. This gas forms bubbles that attach to the popcorn kernels, causing them to rise and fall in the water.
• Density : Kids can learn about density and buoyancy. The popcorn kernels initially sink because they are denser than water. When the bubbles form around the kernels, they become buoyant and rise to the surface. As the bubbles pop, the kernels sink again, demonstrating changes in density.
• Observation Skills : This experiment encourages kids to observe and describe what they see. Ask them questions about what is happening and why they think the popcorn kernels are moving. This helps develop their critical thinking and observational skills.
• Scientific Method : By experimenting with different variables such as adding glitter, food coloring, or using different containers, kids can practice the scientific method. They can make predictions, observe the outcomes, and draw conclusions based on their observations.

This simple experiment provides a great opportunity for hands-on learning and can spark an interest in science that lasts a lifetime.

How to to the Dancing Popcorn Experiment

Exact measurements aren’t necessary for this fun activity. Here’s how to do it:

• Fill the Container with Water : Fill up a clear container with water.
• Add Baking Soda : Add about 2 tablespoons of baking soda to the water and mix it until it dissolves.
• Add Food Coloring or Glitter : If you’re using food coloring or glitter, add it now and mix it well.
• Add Popcorn Kernels : Drop in a handful of popcorn kernels.
• Pour in Vinegar : Pour in some vinegar. If the popcorn kernels don’t start dancing right away, give it a stir or add more vinegar or baking soda.
• Watch the Popcorn Kernels Dance! : Enjoy watching the popcorn kernels rise and fall. If the movement starts to slow down, simply add more baking soda and vinegar to get things going again.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use other types of vinegar? Yes, you can use any type of vinegar for this experiment. While white vinegar is commonly used due to its strong acidity and clear color, apple cider vinegar or other varieties will work as well. Keep in mind that colored vinegars may affect the appearance of the experiment, adding an extra visual element.

What if the popcorn kernels don’t dance? If the popcorn kernels don’t start dancing immediately, there are a few troubleshooting steps you can take:

• Stir the Mixture : Sometimes the reaction needs a little agitation to get going. Stir the mixture gently to help the bubbles form.
• Add More Vinegar : If the reaction seems weak, try adding a bit more vinegar. The acid in the vinegar reacts with the baking soda to produce carbon dioxide bubbles.
• Add More Baking Soda : Similarly, if there isn’t enough baking soda, the reaction might not be strong enough. Sprinkle a little more baking soda into the mixture.
• Check the Temperature : Cold water can sometimes slow down the reaction. Make sure the water is at room temperature.

Can I use other objects instead of popcorn kernels? Absolutely! This experiment works with other small, lightweight objects that can be buoyed by the gas bubbles. Try using:

• Raisins : Raisins work similarly to popcorn kernels and can provide interesting results.
• Dried Beans : Small dried beans can also be used, though their weight may affect the buoyancy.
• Small Pasta Shapes : Lightweight pasta shapes like macaroni or shells can be fun to experiment with.

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Dancing Corn Science Experiment

What happens when you mix baking soda, vinegar, and corn together? Find out with an exciting Dancing Corn science experiment your kiddos will love. The Dancing Corn Science Experiment can be done at home or…

What happens when you mix baking soda, vinegar, and corn together? Find out with an exciting Dancing Corn science experiment your kiddos will love.

The Dancing Corn Science Experiment can be done at home or school to entertain your junior scientist and teach them about chemical reactions in a visually fun way! This easy science experiment only requires common kitchen ingredients. I’m guessing you already have everything you need, don’t worry, I have a supply list, directions, and even learning worksheets for you. 

Thank you for visiting. This post may contain affiliate links to recommended products at no extra cost to you. Read our Disclosures and Terms of Use . Don't miss out again, become a  Reader here <--it's FREE. 

When gathering supplies, it seems like the classic baking soda and vinegar experiment, but with the addition of different variables like cups of water and corn, you will notice how different and exciting it really is!  

Dried popcorn kernels are a good Fall and Thanksgiving Time theme. In our house, popcorn is enjoyed all the time…so feel free to do this science project anytime, we think it will be the perfect time!

This experiment is great for any age group, in fact, all of my kids, (Age 3-preschooler, 8 and 10-elementary school) loved seeing the results of this experiment and watching the corn kernels move around and dance in the jar. The first time they poured the vinegar into the jar they were delighted as they saw the eruption and bubbles pop at the top of the jar. 

Since this science experiment is fairly fool-proof, it’s a perfect opportunity for children to explore their natural curiosity. 

Once my kids had completed following the science experiment directions, I let them use the supplies to make predictions, and add to the experiment. They added more vinegar, they sprinkled in more baking soda, and they put in drops of food coloring making amazing reactions from the science experiment and my kids (you can hear the giggles on the video). Each additional step resulted in a new observation and more popping bubbles (co2).

Why does popcorn dance in vinegar and baking soda?

When baking soda and vinegar combine, the result is a chemical reaction making carbonic acid. When the carbonic acid decomposes (breaks down or changes) it releases Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The Carbon Dioxide gas forms bubbles that make the corn dance. You can read more about this on  Sciencing.com . 

The printable activity pack includes the explanation of the science behind this experiment so your children don’t just do the experiment, but  they can learn as they observe chemistry in action. 

Why do you use Popcorn Kernels for this Experiment?

Popcorn Kernels have tiny scratches and holes on them. This gives the carbon dioxide bubbles a place to hold onto so they can attach to the kernel and do what bubbles do, float up. When the corn kernels reach the surface, the bubbles release it (pop), and the kernel is left alone to sink back to the bottom of the jar giving it the “dancing action”. An explication of this is also included in the activity pack. 

This experiment has also been done with raisins. 

You could even EXTEND THE SCIENCE EXEPERIMENT and let your children make a hypothesis (educated guess), and select other small objects to try in the jar. Then they could sort the objects that could dance like the corn and the objects that could not dance because of the objects weight or outside surface.  

Safety Tips For This Experiment

To do the Dancing Corn experiment you will be using vinegar and baking soda so it’s a relatively safe experiment, just keep it out of eyes. Activities should always be done with adult supervision. Children should be told not to “eat or drink” the science experiment as a safety precaution and good “science lab” safety.  

You can do this science experiment on its own, or have extra fun and increase learning with our:  DANCING CORN SCIENCE ACTIVITY PACK  that’s designed to introduce concepts of the scientific method. 

EACH SCIENCE PACK IS CREATED TO:

• Make doing the activity  EASY  for you!
• Enhance  LEARNING  for your kids!
• Be ready to  PRINT ,  PREP , and  Do !
• PRINTABLE ADD-ONS  (When needed) 
• VIDEO EXAMPLE  (When available)

DANCING CORN DIRECTIONS

DANCING CORN LAB WORKSHEETS

Don’t see the box?  CLICK HERE   to be directed to the download.  Please share and pin our printable ? 

Dancing Corn Science Experiment

If you like our Dancing Corn Science Experiment I would love for you to PIN IT! It helps others discover it too, which helps us bring you more AWESOME CONTENT like this .

Supplies: Materials You Will Need

• White Vinegar (around 1/2 cup)
• Baking Soda 1-2 tbsp
• Water (around 2 cups)
• Clear Container (around 16 oz) 
• Tablespoon 
• Optional: Food Coloring

Tip: You may want to place the jar on a cookie sheet to catch any overflow.

Directions: How To Do The Experiment

You can watch our short tutorial video or read the directions below.

• Fill the container with water. Make sure to leave 1 or 2 inches at the top.
• The experiment will still work but it might be harder to see the corn. 
• Add a little more water to the jar to make the water clear again.   
• Pour corn kernels into the container. 

• When bubbles start forming at the bottom of the container, you can stop and observe the experiment. (It will look like soda bubbles).
• The food coloring does not change the results of the experiment. 

More to Do:

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1000 science fair projects with complete instructions, popping popcorn.

Method & Materials

Why do this project, also consider, full project details, related video.

Popping Popcorn Science Experiment

Getting kids interested in science is easy when you add fun experiments like this  Popping Popcorn Science Experiment to the equation!   What makes this science experiment even more fun than usual is that you get to make some yummy popcorn while you are at it! 

We all know how difficult it is for kids to retain information straight out of textbooks these days, so we decided to add a fun spin to it and did this hands-on science experiment! 

Keep reading to get the step-by-step process below and don't forget to download our free printable template to record your results from this popcorn science project!

• Rainbow Walking Water Science Experiment
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Popcorn Experiment - Supplies:

• 1 cup popcorn, divided
• 3 tablespoons vegetable oil

You will also need:

• Microwave safe bowl with plate or lid
• Heavy bottom pot or dutch oven with lid
• Electric popcorn popper
• popcorn experiment printable

Popcorn Science Experiment - Directions:

Step 1: get the printable and prepare your experiment.

STEP 2: Pop the popcorn

Popping popcorn in the microwave.

Popping popcorn on the stovetop

Popping popcorn in an electric popcorn popper

• Which method of popping popcorn did you prefer?
• Does the taste of the popcorn change depending on the cooking method?
• Does the texture of the popcorn change depending on the cooking method?
• Do you have a favorite popcorn?
• Which method made the popcorn pop the fastest? Which was the slowest?

• — Share It —

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Experiments With Popcorn That Are Fun for the Whole Family

Get your kids excited about STEM with these popular popcorn experiments!

Katelyn is a freelance writer and travel blogger who loves writing about travel, health, finance, and science topics. She holds a bachelor's and master's degree in science fields.

Learn about our Editorial Policy .

Popcorn, otherwise known as Zea mays everta , is a type of corn, and out of the four most common types of corn -- sweet, dent, flint, and popcorn -- it is the only type that pops. This is all thanks to its thinner hull, which allows it to break open.

What you may not realize it that this tasty snack is also a fantastic material for popcorn experiments. No matter if you want to just have fun at home or if you are trying to find some popcorn science fair projects, we have some a-maize-ing options!

Temperature Comparison Experiment

Most people store popcorn at room temperature in their pantries or kitchen cupboards, but what happens if your store popcorn in the refrigerator or the freezer? Does temperature affect popcorn's popping ability?

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This experiment tests whether temperature affects the moisture levels of popcorn kernels. Set up for the experiment may take up to an hour. Then, the bags need to sit for at least 24 hours. Finishing the experiment will take approximately one to two hours.

This can make for a great popcorn science fair project for elementary-aged kids in grades three through five!

• 16 bags of the same brand and type of microwaveable popcorn
• Microwave popcorn popper
• Two quart measuring cup that is microwave safe
• Baking sheet
• Pen and paper
• Sandwich baggies

Instructions

• Measure out a small sample size of 50 kernels from each bag of popcorn. Place the kernels in a sandwich baggie. Make 15 baggies.
• Label each bag with a number so you can tell which is which later.

• Place five bags in the freezer, five in the refrigerator, and five at room temperature on the kitchen counter. Leave the bags for 24 hours.
• Preheat the microwave by heating a cup of water for one minute. Remove the cup carefully. This only needs to be done before the first bag.
• Remove a small sample of kernels from the extra popcorn bag and place them in the microwave popcorn popper. Set the timer for five minutes. When you start to hear the popping rate slow to about two to three seconds between pops, stop the microwave and note the time. Set the timer for this time for the entirety of the experiment.
• Take one bag from the freezer, place all the kernels in the popper, and pop for the set time from step six.
• Remove the popper and wait until all the pops have stopped.
• Empty the bowl into a two-quart measuring cup and record the amount in the "Volume" column of the data table.
• Pour the contents from the measuring cup onto a baking sheet and count the number of all unpopped kernels. Record the number in the data table.
• Using a centimeter ruler, measure the length of an average size popped kernel. Record the length in the data table.
• Repeat steps six through 10 with the remaining bags that were stored in the freezer, refrigerator, and at room temperature. Remember to test one bag at a time to ensure the kernels remain at their designated temperature for as long as possible before testing.
• Compare the data in the table and make conclusions.

Popcorn kernels have tiny drops of water inside them. As the popcorn is heated, the water expands, turning into steam at 212 degrees Fahrenheit and bursting around 347 degrees Fahrenheit. However, popcorn requires between 13.5 and 14 percent moisture to pop. The fridge and freezer both lower the moisture content of the popcorn kernels so your kids will see less popped kernels in these batches.

Popcorn Matters

What is a physical change versus a chemical change -- and how do they occur? Popcorn and marshmallows are great tools for teaching this chemistry lesson! For those who don't know, matter is everywhere, and it includes anything that takes up space and has mass. This includes both of these sweet and savory treats.

This experiment teaches kids about chemical and physical reactions and it will take less than an hour to complete. The experiment is ideal for the younger elementary-aged kids, but SUPERVISION IS REQUIRED .

Physical Versus Chemical Changes

The next thing you need to know before you begin is that there are five phases of matter : solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates. When a physical change occurs, only the appearance of the matter will be altered. When a chemical change occurs, you will notice a change in the flavor or smell of the food item.

By adding heat to popcorn kernels, the liquid inside them turns to steam and they pop, changing their physical state. In the case of popcorn, this is a permanent physical change, meaning you can't reverse the reaction.

Conversely, when you hold a marshmallow over a flame, it can either melt (another physical change) or it can burn (a chemical change). When the heat combines with the sugar in the marshmallow, water molecules are created, which then evaporate and create carbon. The carbon is the black residue you will see on the marshmallow's surface. When a substance changes or is created in a reaction, it is chemical change!

• Microwaveable popcorn bags or container of unpopped popcorn kernels
• Two Mason jars or tall clear drinking glasses
• Microwave popcorn popper (Only needed for unpopped popcorn kernels)
• Marshmallows
• Barbeque skewers
• Paper plate
• A flame (a gas stove or a lighter can both work)

Instructions Part One: Popcorn Changes

• Have children count two groups of 100 kernels of unpopped popcorn. (Note: Kids might want to count about 120 kernels for the popped popcorn group to ensure 100 popped kernels are available for the experiment)
• Place one group of unpopped popcorn in a Mason jar or tall drinking glass.
• Pop the second group of unpopped popcorn kernels using a microwave popcorn popper. Alternatively, pop a microwave bag of popcorn.
• Place 100 kernels of the popped popcorn in a Mason jar or tall drinking glass.
• Compare the two jars of popcorn kernels. Both are still popcorn. One sample is just inside out!

Instructions Part Two: Marshmallow Changes

• Parents should place two marshmallows on a barbeque skewer.
• Next, out of your child's reach, but close enough for them to see, hold the marshmallow end of the skewer over a flame, allowing the marshmallow to burn.
• Place the marshmallow on a paper plate and allow it to cool.
• Then, let your kids examine the cool, burned marshmallow and compare it to a fresh marshmallow from the bag.
• Make sure to point out both the color, texture and flavor changes of the marshmallow.

The best part about this experiment is that you can use the rest of the marshmallows to make tasty toppings for your popcorn and have the perfect afternoon treat!

Dancing Popcorn Experiment

This is another exciting popcorn experiment that shows off a chemical reaction! When you mix baking soda and vinegar, it produces carbon dioxide, which is a gas. When you mix these two compounds in water and drop in popcorn kernels, the popcorn will float up to the surface as the gas rises to the top of the glass. As the gas is released into the air, the kernels will drop back down to the bottom and the process will continue until all the gas is gone.

• Plain popcorn kernels (1/4 cup)
• A large, clear Mason jar or drinking glass (24 ounces)
• Baking Soda (2 tbsp)
• White Vinegar (6 tbsp)
• Water (3 cups)

The dancing popcorn experiment can be enhanced by adding in a few drops of food coloring to make a firework-like display as the kernels rise and fall through the water!

• Fill your jar or glass with water, leaving a small amount of space at the top of the container.
• Add 5-10 drops of food coloring. (optional)
• Mix in your baking soda and stir until it's dissolved.
• Pour in your popcorn kernels.
• Add in your vinegar and get ready to watch your kernels dance!

Grow Popcorn

Popcorn doesn't grow in a microwave bag. It's a special form of corn that just happens to pop at high heat. It grows in the ground just like regular plants, making it the perfect project for young kids! Growing a popcorn plant is a simple experiment to introduce children in grades two through four the concept of seed germination . It also allows children to see what plants do underground.

This experiment takes about 30 minutes to set up, but it is a long-term project that will sit for a time while the plant grows. The plant will need occasional watering, and a possible replanting after a week or so. After a few days, children should see a root start to emerge from the seed, followed by a sprout in another few days. With adequate sunlight and water the seed should grow into a full grown popcorn plant.

• Popcorn seeds (Note: Most popcorn kernels sold in the supermarket will not grow so seeds should be purchased through a seed catalog)
• Clear plastic cup
• Paper towels
• Permanent marker
• Measuring cup
• Fold a paper towel, so it is as wide as the cup is tall.
• Place the paper towel, so it snugly lines the inside of the cup.
• Place two to three popcorn seeds in the cup between the paper towels and the cup walls.
• Mark the date of the planting on the cup and the name of the child (optional) with a marker.
• Add some water to the bottom of the cup. The paper towel should absorb the water.
• Place the cup on a windowsill where the plant can get some sunlight.
• Observe what happens to the plant over the next few weeks.

Experiment Notes

• The popcorn seeds may need to be soaked in water for 24 hours before planting. Read the seed manufacturer's notes for recommendations.
• The paper towel should remain damp at all times, but it should not be dripping wet.
• If the plant grows too big for the cup, it can be replanted in a pot with soil.

Popping Science Fun

Popcorn can be used in many science experiments for kids. It's a simple and cheap material that can be used in a variety of ways to introduce basic science concepts like physical and chemical changes, seed germination, and science experiment design. These are just several experiments that can be done with young children. Get creative and make your own and then make yourself a healthy snack with the leftovers!

Popcorn Science STEM Investigation: Tasty Science Fun!

Popcorn is one of my kids’ favorite snacks. Every few days they ask to make popcorn. Our recipe for microwave popcorn is shockingly easy, which makes this STEM investigation a snap to do on a rainy day or any lazy Saturday. We were so pleased with our results and this true popcorn science STEM investigation will definitely last in my kid’s minds.

* This post may contain affiliate links for your convenience. Click here for my full disclosure.

What you’ll need for the popcorn science experiment:

• Brown paper lunch sacks
• Vegetable oil

We started our STEM investigation by asking if changing how the kernels are treated before placing them in the microwave would change how well and how many of the kernels popped.

We had four kernel groups:

• Control group (plain kernels)
• Soaked in oil group
• Soaked in water group
• Pre-heated group

We measured 1/4 of a cup of kernels for each group. The oil and water groups we soaked for about an hour before popping. We heated the pre-heat group in the microwave for 40 seconds before popping.

The kids carefully labeled each container so they could keep track of which kernels belonged in each group.

We placed each group of kernels in a brown paper lunch sack and folded the top down. Each group of kernels were heated for exactly 2 minutes in our microwave.

After heating, the kids performed a taste test and a kernel test to determine the best way to cook popcorn.

• The pre-heat group tasted burned, but had the most kernels pop.
• The soaked in water group had the least amount of kernels popped and tasted “watery.”
• The non-treated group had some non-popped kernels.
• The oil treated group tasted a little better and had more kernels popped than the water and non-treated groups.

The kids determined that soaking kernels in oil before heating them is the best way to ensure your popcorn tastes good and pops the majority of the kernels.

What is your favorite rainy day STEM activity?

Looking for more STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) projects and inspiration?

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Get more information on STEAM Kids Christmas by clicking here . Or go order your copy now! eBook PDF or Paperback  

You can also get a bundle with our best selling STEAM Kids book, STEAM Christmas and STEAM Kids Coloring book for one low price: Click here to get your bundle today !

Not quite ready to jump in, don’t worry… you can hop over and grab a FREE Preview which includes 2 sample activities, 6 sample challenge cards, and the table of contents of the book! 

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Experiments with Popcorn

Experiments with popcorn are a fun way to test a scientific theory with the added bonus of having some tasty food to eat afterwards.

This article is a part of the guide:

• Kids' Science Projects
• Paper Towel
• Salt Water Egg
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• 1 Kids' Science Projects
• 2 How to Conduct Science Experiments
• 3.1 Mold Bread
• 3.2 Popcorn
• 3.3 Salt Water Egg
• 3.4 Corrosiveness of Soda
• 3.5 Egg in a Bottle
• 3.6 Fruit Battery
• 4.1 Pendulum
• 4.2 Paper Towel
• 4.3 Paper Airplane
• 4.4 Charge a Light Bulb
• 4.5 Lifting Ice Cube
• 4.6 Magic Egg
• 4.7 Magic Jumping Coin
• 4.8 Invisible Ink
• 4.9 Making-a-Rainbow
• 4.10 Oil Spill
• 4.11 Balloon Rocket Car
• 4.12 Build an Electromagnet
• 4.13 Create a Heat Detector
• 4.14 Creating a Volcano
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Popcorn is a food that has been around for many thousands of years, ever since people in America discovered that if corn (maize) was left next to a fire, it would 'pop' into fluffy and delicious shapes.

Ever since then, popcorn has become one of the most popular foods on earth, with movie-goers everywhere tucking into huge bucketfuls of the stuff.

There is a little more to popcorn than that, and we are going to design some experiments which will allow us to find out a little more about this fascinating food.

For these experiments with popcorn, it is best if you have a hot air-popper. If not, you will need to use a pan on the cooker (stovetop), so it is important to have an adult helping you.

You must also remember that popcorn is very hot when it comes out of the popper so handle with care. If you want to eat the popcorn afterwards, make sure that all your equipment and your hands have been washed properly.

Experiment 1 - Are Yellow or White Kernels the Best?

A good supply of both yellow and white popcorn kernels.

• A hot air popper or a pan, a 30 ml oil and a stove
• A large bowl
• A tablespoon
• A large measuring jug
• Chart for recording your results.

White kernels pop better than yellow kernels.

Manipulated (independent) Variable

The type of popcorn kernel.

Measured (dependent) Variable

The number of popped kernels and the volume after popping.

• First, you need to make yourself a data chart, like in Figure 1. You will use this to record the results of your experiments with popcorn.
• Count out 100 kernels of white popcorn, and heat until you can no longer hear any popping.
• Let everything cool down and then count the number of popped kernels. Record this on your chart. Because we counted 100 kernels, we can write this number down as a percentage.
• Tip the popped corn into a measuring jug and measure the volume in ml. Record these numbers on your chart.
• Repeat two more times for the white popcorn. In the same way, test the yellow kernels three times

You can take an average of your results for the percentage of popped kernels and the volume. Which color kernel pops better?

You can draw your results onto a couple of bar graphs and discuss your important findings with the rest of the class.

Follow Up Experiments

Maybe you could test different brands of popcorn to see which the best are. Does a hot-air popper do a better job than a pan? There are many ways you can design more experiments with popcorn.

Experiment 2 - Which is the Tastiest Popcorn?

For this experiment you will be trying to find out which brand of popcorn people like to eat most. You will be using a 'blind tasting' technique to find out which popcorn people like the most.

Brand 'X' is the best tasting popcorn.

• Five different brands of popcorn - it is best to stick to the same type e.g. all salted or all sweet to prevent personal taste becoming an issue.
• Some popcorn-loving volunteers
• Five labels, brand A, brand B etc
• A blindfold
• Tip a little of each popcorn into a bowl and make a note, with the labels, of which is which.
• Take one of your volunteers and blindfold them in case they recognize any of the brands. You must be very careful and make sure that they cannot trip over anything.
• Let them try each brand of popcorn, in turn, and give marks out of ten for how tasty it is.
• Make a note of your results in a table and add up the results for each brand of popcorn.

You can then plot a simple graph and you will know which brands are the tastiest!

There are many other experiments with popcorn you can do with this method. Maybe you could study whether more expensive brands taste better. Does the cost of the popcorn make a difference?

Figure 1 - Table for Experiment 1

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Martyn Shuttleworth (Jun 17, 2008). Experiments with Popcorn. Retrieved Sep 16, 2024 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/experiments-with-popcorn

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Popcorn Science Experiment

Have you ever thought about what happens when you pop popcorn? How does a small hard kernel become a big puffy piece of popcorn? Does the unpopped popcorn weigh the same as the popped popcorn? Satisfy your curiosity with this popcorn science experiment.

What You’ll Need:

• Popcorn kernels
• Containers for weighing
• Saucepan and lid
• Oil (we use peanut oil but any neutral oil will do)

Cover the bottom of your saucepan with one layer of popcorn kernels. How many kernels did you use? (We used 70.) Use a kitchen scale to weigh your kernels. Place a container on the scale and tare (or zero) the scale. Add the kernels to the container. How much do your unpopped kernels weigh? Record this number.

Get ready to pop your popcorn. You’ll need to weigh your oil before popping. Place your pan on the scale and tare (or zero) the scale. Add enough oil to just cover the bottom of the pan (that was 1/4 cup for our pan.) Record this number.

Have an adult follow the recipe for the Perfect Stovetop Popcorn below.

Weigh your popped popcorn. Place a large bowl on your scale and tare (or zero) the scale. Pour the popcorn into the bowl. Record this number.

Compare the weights of your unpopped and popped popcorn. Do the kernels and oil weigh the same as the popped popcorn? Why or why not?

You can also try this popcorn science experiment with an air popper to eliminate the oil variable. (A small amount of oil remains on the pan and lid. This will affect your weights slightly.)

The Science Behind It

Of all of the different types of corn, only popcorn pops. It has the right moisture content and hull thickness to make the yummy snack we’re so fond of. As the popcorn kernel heats up, the water inside changes to steam and exerts pressure on the hull of the kernel.  Eventually, the hull bursts open, the inside of the kernel spills out, and it cools into fluffy white popcorn. It’s the loss of water that causes the change in weight between the unpopped and popped popcorn. Read about the science and history of popcorn and more details about what makes popcorn pop from the Popcorn Board.

How Much Popcorn Popped?

According to the Popcorn Board, 1 ounce (28 grams) of popcorn kernels will make 1 quart of popped popcorn. Is this figure consistent with your experiment? How much popcorn did you pop?

Perfect Stovetop Popcorn

• Add enough oil to just cover the bottom of the pan.
• Add a single layer of popcorn kernels to the pan.
• Place the pan over medium high heat. Wait until the popcorn kernels begin to pop.
• Shake the pan until the popcorn finishes popping – about 3 minutes. When the popping slows to 2 seconds between pops, it is finished.
• Remove from heat.
• Add salt and any additional toppings.

More Science Experiments for Kids

• Set up this banana experiment to determine which banana will ripen first.
• Learn how to build a lemon battery in this sponsored post.
• Conduct this layering liquids density experiment with fruit juices.

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The Science of Popcorn

Introduction

Popcorn is one of the world’s favorite snack foods. In the US, Americans consume as much as 18 billion quarts of popcorn each year, which equates to 56 quarts per person. Some nutritionists call it a perfect snack food because it is a whole grain, a good source of fiber, and low in fat. One study even claims there are more antioxidants in popcorn than in some fruits and vegetables. 1

The most intriguing part of popcorn is the science behind how it pops. Popcorn is the only grain in the corn family that pops open when exposed to temperatures above 180° C. A popcorn kernel is composed of 3 parts: the pericarp, germ, and endosperm. See Fig. 1.

The pericarp is the tough outer shell surrounding a popcorn kernel, and the key to what makes it pop. Inside the pericarp is the germ, or seed embryo. Adjacent to the germ is the endosperm, which contains some trapped water plus soft and hard starch granules that serve as food for the germ when it sprouts.

When a popcorn kernel is heated, the trapped water in the endosperm turns into steam, building up pressure inside the pericarp. This pressurized, super-heated steam transforms the soft starch in the endosperm into a gelatinous material. Popcorn pericarp is much stronger than that of all other corn kernels and is able to retain this pressurized steam up to 9.2 atm (135 psi).

Above that pressure, the pericarp ruptures, releasing the steam and gelatinous starch that solidifies upon cooling. The resulting popped kernel is 40 to 50 times its original size.

People often wonder what is the ideal percentage of water in popcorn kernels for best popping. Popcorn is harvested in the fall when the kernels’ moisture content is between 16 and 20%. The kernels are then stored in bins where they are dried by forced air until reaching an optimum moisture level of 14%. If the moisture content drops below that value, the size of the popped kernels is smaller and the number of kernels that pop decreases.

Inquiry activity

Popcorn is a great real-world example to use when discussing the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the phase change of water from a liquid to a gas, Gay-Lussac’s gas law (pressure directly related to temperature), and the ideal gas law ( PV  =  nRT ). After covering the gas laws in class, complement the lesson with an inquiry activity using several brands of popcorn. Have student lab groups devise a lab procedure to determine the following and submit it for your approval:

• Determine the % of water by weight for 20 kernels of each brand.
• n  = Moles of water lost (g water lost after popping ÷ 18.0 g/mol)
• R  = Ideal gas law constant (0.0821 L-atm/molK)
• T  = Boiling temperature of cooking oil in Kelvin (225° C + 273) = 498 K
• V  = Volume of 20 kernels (determined by displacement of 5 mL water in a 10- or 25-mL graduated cylinder.)

Materials (for 30 students working in pairs)

• 15 Beakers (250 mL)
• 15 Graduated Cylinders (10 or 25 mL)
• 15 Wire Gauzes
• 15 Ring Stands (with iron rings)
• 15 Bunsen Burners or Hot Plates
• 15 Weighing Boats

Have the following materials available at a central location: Cooking OilMedicine Droppers (or disposable plastic pipets)Popcorn (several brands)Aluminum Foil (for loosely covering the beakers)

Students should wear goggles and aprons or lab coats during the activity and exercise due caution around Bunsen burners or hot plates. Inform students that cooking oil boils at a higher temperature than water (225° C) and have them cover their beakers with aluminum foil to contain the popping corn and boiling oil.  Note:  Remind students not to eat any of the popcorn produced in the lab.

Helpful hints

• Students should add just enough oil to cover the bottom of their beaker before adding the 20 kernels of popcorn.
• Mass 20 kernels in a weighing boat and subtract out the weighing boat’s mass.
• Mass the beaker, oil, and 20 kernels before heating and without the foil covering.
• Mass the room temperature beaker, oil, and popcorn after heating and without the foil.

Sample data

Sample calculations

• % of water in kernels = water lost ÷ mass of kernels x 100 0.20 g ÷ 2.10 g x 100 = 9.5%
• Pressure inside of kernel prior to popping  PV  =  nRT P  =  nRT V P  = (0.011 mol) (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K) (498 K)                                    0.0015 L P  = 3.0 x 10 2  atm

Conclusion/discussion of errors

Most literature cites popping pressure as 9.2 atm (135 psi). If you choose to give your students that value, have them look at their measurements and see where some weaknesses may lie. An obvious weakness is the number of popcorn kernels. The more kernels used, the more accurate the measurements for volume and loss of water will be due to more significant digits. The temperature of the boiling oil is assumed to be 225° C, and the kernels are assumed to all pop at the same temperature.

Resource: American Chemical Society, “Popcorn: The snack with even higher antioxidants levels than fruits and vegetables”

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Naming the elements, you may also like, dimensional analysis, flame tests and spectroscopy: get excited about color, a model of interacting fields, which chemistry kit is right for you, atomic theory, electron configuration and periodic trends, modeling alpha and beta decay, factors that affect reaction rate, molecular geometry with balloons.

this is an incredible project for the physics course, thank you sharing it

All I needed was the science of popcorn and I run into a grand study of so much more. Thanks for peaking my interest in a few of our universe’s secrets.

Glad you enjoyed this!

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